Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. AT: "We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
"Aged men have wisdom." The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with "wise." The word "men" refers to people in general. AT: "Old people are wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. The abstract noun "understanding" can be expressed with the phrase "understand much." AT: "people gain understanding when they live a long time" or "people who live a long time understand much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])