Issue 174 Links to tA pages
Changed links with "translate/figs-" to "jit/figs-"
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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## Definition:
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In the Bible, these terms are euphemisms that refer to having sexual intercourse. (See: [Euphemism][[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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In the Bible, these terms are euphemisms that refer to having sexual intercourse. (See: [Euphemism][[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
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* The expression "sleep with" someone commonly refers to having sexual relations with that person. The past tense is "slept with."
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* In the Old Testament book "Song of Solomon," the ULB uses the term "lovemaking" to translate the word "love," which in that context refers to sexual relations. This term is related to the expression "make love to."
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The term "adultery" refers to a sin that occurs when a married person has sexual
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## Translation Suggestions:
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* If the target language does not have one word that means "adultery," this term could be translated with a phrase such as "having sexual relations with someone else's wife" or "being intimate with another person's spouse."
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* Some languages may have an indirect way of talking about adultery, such as "sleeping with someone else's spouse" or "being unfaithful to one's wife." (See: [Euphemism][[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
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* Some languages may have an indirect way of talking about adultery, such as "sleeping with someone else's spouse" or "being unfaithful to one's wife." (See: [Euphemism][[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
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* When "adulterous" is used in a figurative sense, it is best to translate it literally in order to communicate God's view of his disobedient people as being compared to an unfaithful spouse. If this does not communicate accurately in the target language, the figurative use of "adulterous" could be translated as "unfaithful" or "immoral" or "like an unfaithful spouse."
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(See also: [commit](../other/commit.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [sexual immorality](../other/fornication.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md))
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ In general, the term "faith" refers to a belief, trust or confidence in someone
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## Translation Suggestions:
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* In some contexts, "faith" can be translated as "belief" or "conviction" or "confidence" or "trust."
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* For some languages these terms will be translated using forms of the verb "believe." (See: [abstractnouns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns))
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* For some languages these terms will be translated using forms of the verb "believe." (See: [abstractnouns](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns))
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* The expression "keep the faith" could be translated by "keep believing in Jesus" or "continue to believe in Jesus."
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* The sentence "they must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith" could be translated by "they must keep believing all the true things about Jesus that they have been taught."
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* The expression "my true son in the faith" could be translated by something like "who is like a son to me because I taught him to believe in Jesus" or "my true spiritual son, who believes in Jesus."
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ In the Bible, the term "flesh" literally refers to the soft tissue of the physic
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* When referring in general to all people, this term could be translated as "people" or "human beings" or "everyone who lives."
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* The expression "flesh and blood" could also be translated as "relatives" or "family" or "kinfolk" or "family clan." There may be contexts where it could be translated as "ancestors" or "descendants."
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* Some languages may have an expression that is similar in meaning to "flesh and blood."
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* The expression "become one flesh" could be translated as "unite sexually" or "become as one body" or "become like one person in body and spirit." The translation of this expression should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism)). It should also be understood that this is figurative, and does not mean that a man and a woman who "become one flesh" literally become one person.
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* The expression "become one flesh" could be translated as "unite sexually" or "become as one body" or "become like one person in body and spirit." The translation of this expression should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism)). It should also be understood that this is figurative, and does not mean that a man and a woman who "become one flesh" literally become one person.
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## Bible References:
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The terms "ungodly" and "godless" describe people who are in rebellion against G
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## Translation Suggestions:
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* The phrase "the godly" could be translated as "godly people" or "people who obey God." (See: [nominaladj](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj))
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* The phrase "the godly" could be translated as "godly people" or "people who obey God." (See: [nominaladj](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj))
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* The adjective "godly" could be translated as "obedient to God" or "righteous" or "pleasing to God."
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* The phrase "in a godly manner" could be translated as "in a way that obeys God" or "with actions and words that please God."
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* Ways to translate "godliness" could include "acting in a way that pleases God" or "obeying God" or "living in a righteous manner."
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ The terms "justify" and "justification" refer to causing a guilty person to be r
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* Depending on the context, "unjust" could also be translated as "unfair" or "partial" or "unrighteous."
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* The phrase "the unjust" could be translated as "the unjust ones" or "unjust people" or "people who treat others unfairly" or "unrighteous people" or "people who disobey God."
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* The term "unjustly" could be translated as, "in an unfair manner" or "wrongly" or "unfairly."
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* Ways to translate "injustice" could include, "wrong treatment" or "unfair treatment" or "acting unfairly." (See: [abstractnouns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns))
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* Ways to translate "injustice" could include, "wrong treatment" or "unfair treatment" or "acting unfairly." (See: [abstractnouns](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns))
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* Other ways to translate "justify" could include "declare (someone) to be righteous" or "cause (someone) to be righteous."
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* The term "justification" could be translated as "being declared righteous" or "becoming righteous" or "causing people to be righteous."
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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The terms "kingdom of God" and "kingdom of heaven" both refer to God's rule and authority over his people and over all creation.
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* The Jews often used the term "heaven" to refer to God, to avoid saying his name directly. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
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* The Jews often used the term "heaven" to refer to God, to avoid saying his name directly. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
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* In the New Testament book that Matthew wrote, he referred to God's kingdom as "the kingdom of heaven," probably because he was writing primarily for a Jewish audience.
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* The kingdom of God refers to God ruling people spiritually as well as ruling over the physical world.
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* The Old Testament prophets said that God would send the Messiah to rule with righteousness. Jesus, the Son of God, is the Messiah who will rule over God's kingdom forever.
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ In the Bible, the word "name" was used in several figurative ways.
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* In some contexts, "name" could refer to a person's reputation, as in "let us make a name for ourselves."
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* The term "name" could also refer to the memory of something. For example, "cut off the names of the idols" means to destroy those idols so that they are no longer remembered or worshiped.
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* Speaking "in the name of God" meant speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative.
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* The "name" of someone could refer to the entire person, as in "there is no other name under heaven by which we must be saved." (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
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* The "name" of someone could refer to the entire person, as in "there is no other name under heaven by which we must be saved." (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
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## Translation Suggestions:
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ A "prophet" is a man who speaks God's messages to people. A woman who does this
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* The term "prophetess" could be translated as, "spokeswoman for God" or "woman who speaks for God" or "woman who speaks God's messages."
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* Ways to translate "prophecy" could include, "message from God" or "prophet message."
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* The term "prophesy" could be translated as "speak words from God" or "tell God's message."
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* The figurative expression, "law and the prophets" could also be translated as, "the books of the law and of the prophets" or "everything written about God and his people, including God's laws and what his prophets preached." (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
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* The figurative expression, "law and the prophets" could also be translated as, "the books of the law and of the prophets" or "everything written about God and his people, including God's laws and what his prophets preached." (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
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* When referring to a prophet (or seer) of a false god, it may be necessary to translate this as "false prophet (seer)" or "prophet (seer) of a false god" or "prophet of Baal," for example.
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@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The terms "upright" and "uprightness" refer to acting in a way that follows God'
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* The meaning of these words includes the idea of standing up straight and looking directly ahead.
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* A person who is "upright" is someone who obeys God's rules and does not do things that are against his will.
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* Terms such as "integrity" and "righteous" have similar meanings and are sometimes used in parallelism constructions, such as "integrity and uprightness." (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism))
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* Terms such as "integrity" and "righteous" have similar meanings and are sometimes used in parallelism constructions, such as "integrity and uprightness." (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism))
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## Translation Suggestions:
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ The figurative expression "right hand" refers to the place of honor or strength
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* Regarding figurative uses, if an expression that includes the term "right hand" does not have the same meaning in the project language, then consider whether that language has a different expression with the same meaning.
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* The expression "at the right hand of" could be translated as "on the right side of" or "in the place of honor beside" or "in the position of strength" or "ready to help."
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* Ways to translate "with his right hand" could include "with authority" or "using power" or "with his amazing strength."
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* The figurative expression "his right hand and his mighty arm" uses two ways of emphasizing God's power and great strength. One way to translate this expression could be "his amazing strength and mighty power." (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism))
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* The figurative expression "his right hand and his mighty arm" uses two ways of emphasizing God's power and great strength. One way to translate this expression could be "his amazing strength and mighty power." (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism))
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* The expression "their right hand is falsehood" could be translated as, "even the most honorable thing about them is corrupted by lies" or "their place of honor is corrupted by deception" or "they use lies to make themselves powerful."
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(See also: [accuse](../other/accuse.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [honor](../kt/honor.md), [mighty](../other/mighty.md), [punish](../other/punish.md), [rebel](../other/rebel.md))
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The term "transgression" refers to the breaking of a command, rule, or moral cod
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* To "trangress" could be translated as to "sin" or to "disobey" or to "rebel."
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* If a verse or passage uses two terms that mean "sin" or "transgress" or "trespass," it is important, if possible, to use different ways to translate these terms. When the Bible uses two or more terms with similar meanings in the same context, usually its purpose is to emphasize what is being said or to show its importance.
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(See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism))
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(See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism))
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(See also: [sin](../kt/sin.md), [trespass](../kt/trespass.md), [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md))
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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Originally, the term "Zion" or "Mount Zion" referred to a stronghold or fortress that King David captured from the Jebusites. Both these terms became other ways of referring to Jerusalem.
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* Mount Zion and Mount Moriah were two of the hills that the city of Jerusalem was located on. Later, "Zion" and "Mount Zion" became used as general terms to refer to both of these mountains and to the city of Jerusalem. Sometimes they also referred to the temple that was located in Jerusalem. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
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* Mount Zion and Mount Moriah were two of the hills that the city of Jerusalem was located on. Later, "Zion" and "Mount Zion" became used as general terms to refer to both of these mountains and to the city of Jerusalem. Sometimes they also referred to the temple that was located in Jerusalem. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
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* David named Zion, or Jerusalem, the "City of David." This is different from David's hometown, Bethlehem, which was also called the City of David.
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* The term "Zion" is used in other figurative ways, to refer to Israel or to God's spiritual kingdom or to the new, heavenly Jerusalem that God will create.
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The Amalekites were a nomadic people group who lived throughout the southern par
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* The Amalekites were bitter enemies of Israel from the time when Israel first came to live in Canaan.
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* Sometimes the term "Amalek" is used figuratively to refer to all the Amalekites. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
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* Sometimes the term "Amalek" is used figuratively to refer to all the Amalekites. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
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* In one battle against the Amalekites, when Moses held up his hands, the Israelites were winning. When he got tired and his hands came down, they started losing. So Aaron and Hur helped Moses keep his hands up until the Israelite army had defeated the Amalekites.
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* Both King Saul and King David led military expeditions against the Amalekites.
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* After one victory over the Amalekites, Saul disobeyed God by keeping some of the plunder and by not killing the Amalekite king as God had commanded him to do.
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@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ The city of Babylon was the capital of the ancient region of Babylonia, which wa
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* Babylon was located along the Euphrates River, in the same region where the Tower of Babel had been built hundreds of years before.
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* Sometimes the word "Babylon" refers to the entire Babylonian Empire. For example, the "king of Babylon" ruled the entire empire, not just the city.
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* The Babylonians were a powerful people group who attacked the kingdom of Judah and kept the people in exile in Babylonia for 70 years.
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* Part of this region was called "Chaldea" and the people living there were the "Chaldeans." As a result, the term "Chaldea" was often used to refer to Babylonia. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
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* Part of this region was called "Chaldea" and the people living there were the "Chaldeans." As a result, the term "Chaldea" was often used to refer to Babylonia. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
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* In the New Testament, the term "Babylon" is sometimes used as a metaphor to refer to places, people, and thinking patterns that are associated with idol-worship and other sinful behaviors.
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* The phrase "Babylon the Great" or "great city of Babylon" refers metaphorically to a city or nation that was large, wealthy, and sinful, just as the ancient city of Babylon was. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
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* The phrase "Babylon the Great" or "great city of Babylon" refers metaphorically to a city or nation that was large, wealthy, and sinful, just as the ancient city of Babylon was. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
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(See also: [Babel](../names/babel.md), [Chaldea](../names/chaldeans.md), [Judah](../names/kingdomofjudah.md), [Nebuchadnezzar](../names/nebuchadnezzar.md))
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Ephraim was the second son of Joseph. His descendants, the Ephraimites, formed one of the twelve tribes of Israel.
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* The tribe of Ephraim was one of the ten tribes that were located in the northern part of Israel.
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* Sometimes the name Ephraim is used in the Bible to refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
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* Sometimes the name Ephraim is used in the Bible to refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
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* Ephraim was apparently a very mountainous or hilly area, based on references to "the hill country of Ephraim" or "the mountains of Ephraim."
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(Translation suggestions: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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Naphtali was the sixth son of Jacob. His descendants formed the tribe of Naphtali, which was one of the twelve tribes of Israel.
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* Sometimes the name Naphtali was used to refer to the land where the tribe lived. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
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* Sometimes the name Naphtali was used to refer to the land where the tribe lived. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
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* The land of Naphtali was located in the northern part of Israel, next to the tribes of Dan and Asher. its eastern border was on the western shoreline of the Sea of Kinnereth.
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* This tribe was mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.
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* Depending on the context, "assembly" could also be translated as "special gathering" or "congregation" or "council" or "army" or "large group."
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* When the term "assembly" refers generally to the Israelites as a whole, it could also be translated as "community" or "people of Israel."
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* The phrase, "all the assembly" could be translated as "all the people" or "the whole group of Israelites" or "everyone." (See: [hyperbole](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole))
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* The phrase, "all the assembly" could be translated as "all the people" or "the whole group of Israelites" or "everyone." (See: [hyperbole](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole))
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(See also: [council](../other/council.md))
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* A wild beast is a type of animal that lives freely in the forest or fields and has not been trained by people.
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* A domestic beast is an animal that lives with people and is kept for food or for performing work, such as plowing fields. Often the term "livestock" is used to refer to this kind of animal.
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* The Old Testament book of Daniel and the New Testament book of Revelation describe visions which have beasts that represent evil powers and authorities that oppose God. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
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* The Old Testament book of Daniel and the New Testament book of Revelation describe visions which have beasts that represent evil powers and authorities that oppose God. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
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* Some of these beasts are described as having strange features, such as several heads and many horns. They often have power and authority, indicating that they may represent countries, nations, or other political powers.
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* Ways to translate this could include "creature" or "created thing" or "animal" or "wild animal," depending on the context.
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* When the term "loaf" occurs by itself, it means "loaf of bread."
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* Bread dough is usually made with something that makes it rise, such as yeast.
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* Bread can also be made without yeast so that it does not rise. In the Bible this is called "unleavened bread" and was used for the Jews' passover meal.
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* Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, this term is also used in the Bible to refer to food in general. (See: [Synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
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* Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, this term is also used in the Bible to refer to food in general. (See: [Synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
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* The term "bread of the presence" referred to twelve loaves of bread that were placed on a golden table in the tabernacle or temple building as a sacrifice to God. These loaves represented the twelve tribes of Israel and were only for the priests to eat. This could be translated as "bread showing that God lived among them."
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* The figurative term "bread from heaven" referred to the special white food called "manna" that God provided for the Israelites when they were wandering through the desert.
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* Jesus also called himself the "bread that came down from heaven" and the "bread of life."
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A bride is the woman in a wedding ceremony who is getting married to her husband, the bridegroom.
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* The term "bride" is used as a metaphor for believers in Jesus, the Church.
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* Jesus is metaphorically called the "bridegroom" for the Church. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
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* Jesus is metaphorically called the "bridegroom" for the Church. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
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(See also: [bridegroom](../other/bridegroom.md), [church](../kt/church.md))
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* As a metaphor, "darkness" means "impurity" or "evil" or "spiritual blindness."
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* It also refers to anything related to sin and moral corruption.
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* The expression "dominion of darkness" refers to all that is evil and ruled by Satan.
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* The term "darkness" can also be used as a metaphor for death. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
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* The term "darkness" can also be used as a metaphor for death. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
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* People who do not know God are said to be "living in darkness," which means they do not understand or practice righteousness.
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* God is light (righteousness) and the darkness (evil) cannot overcome that light.
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* The place of punishment for those who reject God is sometimes referred to as "outer darkness."
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* Many languages use figurative expressions to describe death, such as to "pass away" in English. However, in the Bible it is best to use the most direct term for death that is used in everyday language.
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* In the Bible, physical life and death are often compared to spiritual life and death. It is important in a translation to use the same word or phrase for both physical death and spiritual death.
|
||||
* In some languages it may be more clear to say "spiritual death" when the context requires that meaning. Some translators may also feel it is best to say "physical death" in contexts where it is being contrasted to spiritual death.
|
||||
* The expression "the dead" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who have died. Some languages will translate this as "dead people" or "people who have died." (See: [nominal adjective](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj))
|
||||
* The expression "the dead" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who have died. Some languages will translate this as "dead people" or "people who have died." (See: [nominal adjective](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj))
|
||||
* The expression "put to death" could also be translated as "kill" or "murder" or "execute."
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faith](../kt/faith.md), [life](../kt/life.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
|||
The term "earth" refers to the world that human beings live on, along with all other forms of life.
|
||||
|
||||
* "Earth" can also refer to the ground or soil that covers the land.
|
||||
* This term is often used figuratively to refer to the people who live on the earth. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* This term is often used figuratively to refer to the people who live on the earth. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* The expressions "let the earth be glad" and "he will judge the earth" are examples of figurative uses of this term.
|
||||
* The term "earthly" usually refers to physical things in contrast to spiritual things.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The term "firstborn" refers to an offspring of people or animals that is born fi
|
|||
|
||||
## Translation Suggestions:
|
||||
|
||||
* When "first-born" occurs in the text alone, it could also be translated as "firstborn male" or "firstborn son," since that is what is implied. (See: [Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit))
|
||||
* When "first-born" occurs in the text alone, it could also be translated as "firstborn male" or "firstborn son," since that is what is implied. (See: [Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit))
|
||||
* Other ways to translate this term could include "the son who was born first" or "the eldest son" or "the number one son."
|
||||
* When used figuratively to refer to Jesus, this could be translated with a word or phrase that means "the son who has authority over everything" or "the Son who is first in honor."
|
||||
* Caution: Make sure the translation of this term in reference to Jesus does not imply that he was created.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
|||
There are several figurative ways that "hand" is used in the Bible:
|
||||
|
||||
* To "hand" something to someone means to put something into that person's hands.
|
||||
* The term "hand" is often used in reference to God's power and action, such as when God says "Has not my hand made all these things?" (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* The term "hand" is often used in reference to God's power and action, such as when God says "Has not my hand made all these things?" (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* Expressions such as "hand over to" or "deliver into the hands of" refer to causing someone to be under the control or power of someone else.
|
||||
* Some other figurative uses of "hand" include:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ In the Bible, the word "head" is used with several figurative meanings.
|
|||
* The expression "no razor will ever touch his head" means" he will never cut or shave his hair."
|
||||
* The term "head" can also refer to the beginning or source of something, as in the "head of the street."
|
||||
* The expression "heads of grain" refers to the top parts of a wheat or barley plant that contains the seeds.
|
||||
* Another figurative use for "head" is when it is used to represent the whole person, as in "this gray head," referring to an elderly person, or as in "the head of Joseph," which refers to Joseph. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* Another figurative use for "head" is when it is used to represent the whole person, as in "this gray head," referring to an elderly person, or as in "the head of Joseph," which refers to Joseph. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* The expression "let their blood be on his own head" means that the man is responsible for their deaths and will receive the punishment for that.
|
||||
|
||||
## Translation Suggestions
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
|
|||
* Depending on the kind, honey can be yellowish or brownish in color.
|
||||
* Honey can be found in the wild, such as in the hollow of a tree, or wherever bees make a nest. People also raise bees in hives in order to produce honey to eat or sell, but probably the honey mentioned in the Bible was wild honey.
|
||||
* Three people that the Bible specifically mentions as eating wild honey were Jonathan, Samson, and John the Baptist.
|
||||
* This term is often used figuratively to describe something that is sweet or very pleasurable. For example, God's words and decrees are said to be "sweeter than honey." (See also: [Simile](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile), [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* This term is often used figuratively to describe something that is sweet or very pleasurable. For example, God's words and decrees are said to be "sweeter than honey." (See also: [Simile](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile), [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* Sometimes a person's words are described as seeming sweet like honey, but instead result in deceiving and harming others.
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [John (the Baptist)](../names/johnthebaptist.md), [Jonathan](../names/jonathan.md), [Philistines](../names/philistines.md), [Samson](../names/samson.md))
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ The term "rejoice" means to be full of joy and gladness.
|
|||
* The phrase, "be joyful" could be translated as "rejoice" or "be very glad" or it could be translated "be very happy in God's goodness."
|
||||
* A person who is joyful could be described as "very happy" or "delighted" or "deeply glad."
|
||||
* A phrase such as "make a joyful shout" could be translated as "shout in a way that shows you are very happy."
|
||||
* A "joyful city" or "joyful house" could be translated as "city where joyful people live" or "house full of joyful people" or "city whose people are very happy." (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* A "joyful city" or "joyful house" could be translated as "city where joyful people live" or "house full of joyful people" or "city whose people are very happy." (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
|
||||
## Bible References:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
## Definition:
|
||||
|
||||
There are several figurative uses of the term "light" in the Bible. It is often used as a metaphor for righteousness, holiness, and truth. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
There are several figurative uses of the term "light" in the Bible. It is often used as a metaphor for righteousness, holiness, and truth. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
|
||||
* Jesus said, "I am the light of the world" to express that he brings God's true message to the world and rescues people from the darkness of their sin.
|
||||
* Christians are commanded to "walk in the light," which means they should be living the way God wants them to and avoiding evil.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
|||
The terms "like" and "likeness" refer to something being the same as, or similar to, something else.
|
||||
|
||||
* To "compare" two things is to look at how they are the same or how they are different.
|
||||
* The word "like" is also often used in a figurative expressions called a "simile" in which something is compared to something else, usually highlighting a shared characteristic. For example, "his clothes shined like the sun" and "the voice boomed like thunder." (See: [Simile](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile))
|
||||
* The word "like" is also often used in a figurative expressions called a "simile" in which something is compared to something else, usually highlighting a shared characteristic. For example, "his clothes shined like the sun" and "the voice boomed like thunder." (See: [Simile](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile))
|
||||
* To "be like" or "sound like" or "look like" something or someone means to have qualities that are similar to the thing or person being compared to.
|
||||
* People were created in God's "likeness," that is, in his "image." It means that they have qualities or characteristics that are "like" or "similar to" qualities that God has, such as the ability to think, feel, and communicate.
|
||||
* To have "the likeness of" something or someone means to have characteristics that look like that thing or person.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ The term "loins" refers to the part of the body of an animal or person that is b
|
|||
|
||||
* The expression "gird up the loins" refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one's robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease.
|
||||
* The term "loins" is often used in the Bible to refer to the lower back part of an animal that was sacrificed.
|
||||
* In the Bible, the term "loins" often refers figuratively and euphemistically to a man's reproductive organs as the source of his descendants. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* The expression "will come from your loins" could also be translated as, "will be your offspring" or "will be born from your seed" or "God will cause to come from you." (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* In the Bible, the term "loins" often refers figuratively and euphemistically to a man's reproductive organs as the source of his descendants. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* The expression "will come from your loins" could also be translated as, "will be your offspring" or "will be born from your seed" or "God will cause to come from you." (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* When referring to a part of the body, this could also be translated as "abdomen" or "hips" or "waist," depending on the context.
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [gird](../other/gird.md), [offspring](../other/offspring.md))
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The terms "prostitute" and "harlot" both refer to a person who performs sexual a
|
|||
* The expression "play the harlot" means to act like a harlot by being sexually immoral. This expression is also used in the Bible to refer to a person who worships idols.
|
||||
* To "prostitute oneself" to something means to be sexually immoral or when used figuratively, to be unfaithful to God by worshiping false gods.
|
||||
* In ancient times, some pagan temples used male and female prostitutes as part of their rituals.
|
||||
* This term could be translated by the word or phrase that is used in the project language to refer to a prostitute. Some languages may have a euphemistic term that is used for this. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* This term could be translated by the word or phrase that is used in the project language to refer to a prostitute. Some languages may have a euphemistic term that is used for this. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [sexual immorality](../other/fornication.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
## Definition:
|
||||
|
||||
The term "puffed up" refers literally to something that is full of air and so larger than its normal size. is a figurative expression that refers to being boastful, proud, or arrogant. (See: [Idiom](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom))
|
||||
The term "puffed up" refers literally to something that is full of air and so larger than its normal size. is a figurative expression that refers to being boastful, proud, or arrogant. (See: [Idiom](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom))
|
||||
|
||||
* A person who is puffed up has an attitude of feeling superior to others.
|
||||
* Paul taught that knowing a lot of information or having religious experiences can lead to being "puffed up" or proud.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The term "reap" means to harvest crops such as grain. A "reaper" is someone who
|
|||
|
||||
* Usually reapers harvested the crops by hand, pulling up the plants or cutting them with a sharp cutting tool.
|
||||
* The idea of reaping a harvest is often used figuratively to refer to telling people the good news about Jesus and bringing them into God's family.
|
||||
* This term is also used figuratively to refer to the consequences that come from a person's actions, as in the saying "a man reaps what he plants." (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* This term is also used figuratively to refer to the consequences that come from a person's actions, as in the saying "a man reaps what he plants." (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* Other ways to translate to "reap" and "reaper" could include to "harvest" and "harvester" (or "person who harvests").
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [harvest](../other/harvest.md))
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ A seed is the part of a plant that gets planted in the ground to reproduce more
|
|||
* For a literal seed, it is best to use the literal term for "seed" that is used in the target language for what a farmer plants in his field.
|
||||
* The literal term should also be used in contexts where it refers figuratively to God's Word.
|
||||
* For the figurative use that refers to people who are of the same family line, it may be more clear to use the word "descendant" or "descendants" instead of seed. Some languages may have a word that means "children and grandchildren."
|
||||
* For a man or woman's "seed," consider how the target expresses this in a way that will not offend or embarrass people. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* For a man or woman's "seed," consider how the target expresses this in a way that will not offend or embarrass people. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [offspring](../other/offspring.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The term "seize" means to take or capture someone or something by force. It can
|
|||
* This term could also be translated as "take control of" or "suddenly take" or "grab."
|
||||
* The expression "seized and slept with her" could be translated as "forced himself on her" or "violated her" or "raped her." Make sure the translation of this concept is acceptable.
|
||||
|
||||
(See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
(See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
|
||||
## Bible References:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ A shepherd is a person who takes care of sheep. The verb to "shepherd" means to
|
|||
Shepherds watch over the sheep, leading them to places with good food and water. Shepherds also keep the sheep from getting lost and protect them from wild animals.
|
||||
|
||||
* This term is often used metaphorically in the Bible to refer to taking care of people's spiritual needs. This includes teaching them what God has told them in the Bible and guiding them in the way they should live.
|
||||
* In the Old Testament, God was called the "shepherd" of his people because he took care of all their needs and protected them. He also led and guided them. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* In the Old Testament, God was called the "shepherd" of his people because he took care of all their needs and protected them. He also led and guided them. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* Moses was a shepherd for the Israelites as he guided them spiritually in their worship of Yahweh and led them physically on their journey to the land of Canaan.
|
||||
* In the New Testament, Jesus called himself the "good shepherd." The apostle Paul also referred to him as the "great shepherd" over the Church.
|
||||
* Also, in the New Testament, the term "shepherd" was used to refer to a person who was a spiritual leader over other believers. The word translated as "pastor" is the same word that is translated as "shepherd." The elders and overseers were also called shepherds.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
These terms can have figurative meanings relating to death.
|
||||
|
||||
* To "sleep" or "be asleep" can be a metaphor meaning to "be dead." (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* To "sleep" or "be asleep" can be a metaphor meaning to "be dead." (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* The expression "fall asleep" means start sleeping, or, figuratively, die.
|
||||
* To "sleep with one’s fathers" means to die, as one’s ancestors have, or to be dead, as one's ancestors are.
|
||||
* To "lie down" with others who have died means to die, as they have died, or to be dead, as they are dead.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The terms "stronghold" and "fortress" both refer to places that are well protect
|
|||
* People fortified strongholds by building thick walls or other structures that made it difficult for an enemy to break through.
|
||||
* "Stronghold" or "fortress" could be translated as "securely strong place" or "strongly protected place."
|
||||
* The term "fortified city" could be translated as "securely protected city" or "strongly built city."
|
||||
* This term was also used figuratively to refer to God as a stronghold or fortress for those who trust in him. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* This term was also used figuratively to refer to God as a stronghold or fortress for those who trust in him. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* Another figurative meaning for the term "stronghold" referred to something that someone wrongly trusted in for security, such as a false god or other thing that was worshiped instead of Yahweh. This could be translated as "false strongholds."
|
||||
* This term should be translated differently from "refuge," which emphasizes safety more than the concept of being fortified.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ A sword is a flat-bladed metal weapon used to cut or stab. It has a handle and a
|
|||
|
||||
## Translation Suggestions
|
||||
|
||||
* A sword is used as a metaphor for God's word. God's teachings in the Bible exposed people's innermost thoughts and convicted them of their sin. In a similar way, a sword cuts deeply, causing pain. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* A sword is used as a metaphor for God's word. God's teachings in the Bible exposed people's innermost thoughts and convicted them of their sin. In a similar way, a sword cuts deeply, causing pain. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* One way to translate this figurative use would be, "God's word is like a sword, which cuts deeply and exposes sin."
|
||||
* Another figurative use of this term occurred in the book of Psalms, where the tongue or speech of a person was compared to a sword, which can injure people. This could be translated as "the tongue is like a sword that can badly injure someone."
|
||||
* If swords are not known in your culture, this word could be translated with the name of another long-bladed weapon that is used to cut or stab.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ A tent is a portable shelter made of sturdy fabric that is draped over a structu
|
|||
* The Israelites also lived in tents during their forty-year wanderings through the desert of Sinai.
|
||||
* The tabernacle building was a kind of very large tent, with thick walls made of cloth curtains.
|
||||
* When the apostle Paul traveled to different cities to share the gospel, he supported himself by making tents.
|
||||
* The term "tents" is sometimes used figuratively to refer generally to where people live. This could also be translated as "homes" or "dwellings" or "houses" or even "bodies." (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* The term "tents" is sometimes used figuratively to refer generally to where people live. This could also be translated as "homes" or "dwellings" or "houses" or even "bodies." (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* To "camp" is to sleep in tents or other temporary shelters.
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [Abraham](../names/abraham.md), [Canaan](../names/canaan.md), [curtain](../other/curtain.md), [Paul](../names/paul.md), [Sinai](../names/sinai.md), [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [tent of meeting](../other/tentofmeeting.md))
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
|||
A throne is a specially-designed chair where a ruler sits when he decides important matters and listens to requests from his people.
|
||||
|
||||
* A throne is also a symbol of the authority and power that a ruler has.
|
||||
* The word "throne" is often used figuratively to refer to the ruler, his reign, or his power. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* The word "throne" is often used figuratively to refer to the ruler, his reign, or his power. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* In the Bible, God was often portrayed as a king who sits on his throne. Jesus was described as sitting on a throne at the right hand of God the Father.
|
||||
* Jesus said that heaven is God's throne. One way to translate this could be, "where God reigns as king."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ In the Bible the term "time" was often used figuratively to refer to a specific
|
|||
* "Time" can mean "occasion" in a phrase like "third time." The phrase "many times" can mean "on many occasions."
|
||||
* To be "on time" means to arrive when expected, not late.
|
||||
* Depending on the context, the term "time" could be translated as, "season" or "time period" or "moment" or "event" or "occurrence."
|
||||
* The phrase "times and seasons" is a figurative expression which states the same idea twice. This could also be translated as "certain events happening in certain time periods." (See: [doublet](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet))
|
||||
* The phrase "times and seasons" is a figurative expression which states the same idea twice. This could also be translated as "certain events happening in certain time periods." (See: [doublet](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet))
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [age](../other/age.md), [tribulation](../other/tribulation.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ There are several figurative meanings of "tongue" in the Bible.
|
|||
* Sometimes "tongue" may refer to a human language spoken by a certain people group.
|
||||
* Other times it refers to a supernatural language that the Holy Spirit gives believers in Christ as one of the "gifts of the Spirit."
|
||||
* The expression "tongues" of fire refers to "flames" of fire.
|
||||
* In the expression "my tongue rejoices," the term "tongue" refers to the whole person. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* The phrase "lying tongue" refers to a person's voice or speech. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
|
||||
* In the expression "my tongue rejoices," the term "tongue" refers to the whole person. (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* The phrase "lying tongue" refers to a person's voice or speech. (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy))
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## Translation Suggestions
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The term "vine" refers to a plant that grows by trailing along the ground or by
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||||
* In the Bible, the word "vine" almost always means "grapevine."
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* The branches of the grapevine are attached to the main stem which gives them water and other nutrients so that they can grow.
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* Jesus called himself the "vine" and called his people the "branches." In this context, the word "vine" could also be translated as "grapevine stem" or "grape plant stem." (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
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* Jesus called himself the "vine" and called his people the "branches." In this context, the word "vine" could also be translated as "grapevine stem" or "grape plant stem." (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
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(See also: [grape](../other/grape.md), [vineyard](../other/vineyard.md))
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
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A vineyard is a large garden area where grapevines are grown and grapes are cultivated.
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* A vineyard often has a wall around it to protect the fruit from thieves and animals.
|
||||
* God compared the people of Israel to a vineyard that did not bear good fruit. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* God compared the people of Israel to a vineyard that did not bear good fruit. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* Vineyard could be also translated as "grapevine garden" or "grape plantation."
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [grape](../other/grape.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [vine](../other/vine.md))
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||||
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ A virgin is a woman who has never had sexual relations.
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|||
|
||||
* The prophet Isaiah said that the Messiah would be born from a virgin.
|
||||
* Mary was a virgin when she was pregnant with Jesus. He did not have a human father.
|
||||
* Some languages may have a term that is a polite way of referring to a virgin. (See: [Euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* Some languages may have a term that is a polite way of referring to a virgin. (See: [Euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [Christ](../kt/christ.md), [Isaiah](../names/isaiah.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [Mary](../names/mary.md))
|
||||
|
||||
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
|
|||
The term "voice" is often used figuratively to refer to speaking or communicating something.
|
||||
|
||||
* God is said to use his voice, even though he doesn't have a voice in the same way a human being does.
|
||||
* This term can be used to refer to the whole person, as in the statement "A voice is heard in the desert saying, 'Prepare the way of the Lord.'" This could be translated as "A person is heard calling out in the desert…." (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* This term can be used to refer to the whole person, as in the statement "A voice is heard in the desert saying, 'Prepare the way of the Lord.'" This could be translated as "A person is heard calling out in the desert…." (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche))
|
||||
* To "hear someone's voice" could also be translated as "hear someone speaking."
|
||||
* Sometimes the word "voice" may be used for objects that cannot literally speak, such as when David exclaims in the psalms that the "voice" of the heavens proclaims God's mighty works. This could also be translated as "their splendor shows clearly how great God is."
|
||||
* The word "tone" refers to the way the voice conveys how the speaker feels, whether angry or happy or confused or sad.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The term "watchtower" refers to a tall structure built as a place from which gua
|
|||
* Landowners sometimes built watchtowers from which they could guard their crops and protect them from being stolen.
|
||||
* The towers often included rooms where the watchmen or family lived, so that they could guard the crops day and night.
|
||||
* Watchtowers for cities were built higher than the city walls so that watchmen could see if any enemies were coming to attack the city.
|
||||
* The term "watchtower" is also used as a symbol of protection from enemies. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* The term "watchtower" is also used as a symbol of protection from enemies. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [adversary](../other/adversary.md), [watch](../other/watch.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ During Bible times, a "winepress" was a large container or open place where the
|
|||
|
||||
* In Israel, winepresses were usually large, wide basins that were dug out of solid rock. Clusters of grapes were put on the flat bottom of the hole and people trampled the grapes with their feet to get the grape juice to flow out.
|
||||
* Usually a winepress had two levels, with the grapes being trampled in the top level so that the juice would run down into the lower level where it could be collected.
|
||||
* The term "winepress" is also used figuratively in the Bible as a picture of God's wrath being poured out on wicked people. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
* The term "winepress" is also used figuratively in the Bible as a picture of God's wrath being poured out on wicked people. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor))
|
||||
|
||||
(See also: [grape](../other/grape.md), [wrath](../kt/wrath.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
The term "womb" refers to where a baby grows inside its mother.
|
||||
|
||||
* This is an older term that is sometimes used in order to be polite and less direct. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* This is an older term that is sometimes used in order to be polite and less direct. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism))
|
||||
* A more modern term for womb is "uterus."
|
||||
* Some languages use a word like "belly" to refer to a woman's womb or uterus.
|
||||
* Use a word for this in the project language that is well-known, natural, and acceptable.
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue