# The ox knows ... does not understand

Words that Yahweh spoke and which Isaiah is speaking to the Israelites for Yahweh.

# the donkey his master's feeding trough

"the donkey knows his master's feeding trough" or "the donkey knows where his master gives him food" 

# but Israel does not know, Israel does not understand

This probably means "but the people of Israel do not know me, they do not understand that I am the one who cares for them."