# became stumbling blocks for sin for the house of Israel "became people who caused the house of Israel to sin" # I will lift up my hand to swear an oath "I will solemnly swear". A person would raise his right hand to show that he realized that God would punish him if he did not do what he swore to do. See Ezekiel 20:6. # against them "that I will punish them" # this is the Lord Yahweh's declaration "this is what I, the Lord Yahweh, have declared". Yahweh speaks of himself to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See Ezekiel 5:11. # they will bear their punishment "I will certainly punish them"