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# Ephraim is oppressed # Ephraim is oppressed
"Ephraim" is a synecdoche for "Israel," the northern kingdom, and a metonym for the people who live in that northern kingdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Ephraim's enemies oppress him" or "The enemies of the people of Israel oppress them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) "Ephraim's enemies oppress him" or "The enemies of the people of Israel oppress them"
# he is crushed in judgment # he is crushed in judgment
The word "he" refers to "Ephraim," which is a synecdoche for "Israel," the northern kingdom, and a metonym for the people who live in that northern kingdom. The word "crushed" is a metaphor for "severely oppressed." The abstract noun "judgment" can be expressed using the verb "judge," the subject of which is either Yahweh or the enemies of the people of Israel. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "and I am judging the people of Israel by crushing them" or "and I am judging the people of Israel by having their enemies crush them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) "and I am judging the people of Israel by crushing them" or "and I am judging the people of Israel by having their enemies crush them"
# walked after idols # walked after idols
Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) Here "walked" represents the idea of worshiping.
# idols
The Hebrew word translated here as "idols" is uncertain in its meaning, and is translated by modern versions in many different ways.