PDF through John
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Here "all" is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
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Here "all" is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
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# for him a house in ... Judea
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# for him a house in ... Judah
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You may need to make explicit that the house was for people to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: "a house in ... Judea where people can worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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You may need to make explicit that the house was for people to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: "a house in ... Judah where people can worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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# This was the letter
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# This was the copy of the letter
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The text following this statement was what King Artaxerxes had written in the letter.
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The text following this statement was what King Artaxerxes had written in the letter.
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# whether by death, banishment, confiscation of their goods, or imprisonment
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# whether death or banishment or confiscation of his goods or imprisonment
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The abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. Alternate translation: "whether by killing them, banishing them, confiscating their goods, or imprisoning them" or "You may kill them, send them away, take the things the own, or put them in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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The abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. Alternate translation: "whether by killing them, banishing them, confiscating their goods, or imprisoning them" or "You may kill them, send them away, take the things they own, or put them in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
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# General Information:
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# You have said correctly
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"You spoke well when you said" or "You chose your words skillfully when you said." Jesus is acknowledging that what she had said was strictly true but was hiding a fact about her that she expected Jesus to disapprove of. He was saying neither that it was a good thing that she had no husband nor that her answer showed that she was morally good.
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It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
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It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
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# no one said, "What ... want?" or "Why ... her?"
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# no one said, "What ... looking for?" or "Why ... her?"
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Possible meanings are 1) "no one asked Jesus, 'What ... want?' or 'Why ... her?'" or 2) "no one asked the woman, 'What ... want?' or asked Jesus, 'Why ... her?'"
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Possible meanings are 1) "no one asked Jesus, 'What ... looking for?' or 'Why ... her?'" or 2) "no one asked the woman, 'What ... looking for?' or asked Jesus, 'Why ... her?'"
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Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
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Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
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# One sows, and another harvests
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# One sows, and another reaps
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The words "sows" and "harvests" are metaphors. The one who "sows" shares the message of Jesus. The one who "harvests" helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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The words "sows" and "reaps" are metaphors. The one who "sows" shares the message of Jesus. The one who "reaps" helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "One person plants the seeds, and another person reaps the crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The "rivers of living water" is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus p
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Possible meanings are 1) "water that gives life" or 2) "water that causes people to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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Possible meanings are 1) "water that gives life" or 2) "water that causes people to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# from his stomach
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# from his belly
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Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: "from inside of him" or "from his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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Here the belly represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: "from inside of him" or "from his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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# leave you alone
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# leave you as orphans
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Here Jesus implies that he will not leave his disciples with no one to care for them. Alternate translation: "leave you with no one to care for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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Here Jesus implies that he will not leave his disciples with no one to care for them. Alternate translation: "leave you with no one to care for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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"I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have"
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"I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have"
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# so that your joy will be complete
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# so that your joy will be made full
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You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you will be completely joyful" or "so that your joy may have nothing missing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you will be completely joyful" or "so that your joy may have nothing missing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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# sadness has filled your heart
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# sorrow has filled your heart
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Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "you are now very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "you are now very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
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Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
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# Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying, ... see me'?
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# Is this what you are asking each other, what I meant by saying, ... see me'?
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Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said, ... see me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
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Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: "You are asking each other what I meant when I said, ... see me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
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The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent]])
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The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-newevent]])
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# Kidron Valley
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# the wadi Kidron
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a valley in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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a low place in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives. Many modern English translations read, "the Kidron Valley" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
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# wadi
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a low place that is dry most of the year but in which water flows during the rainy season
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# where there was a garden
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# where there was a garden
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These words introduce a quotation from the prophet Isaiah. They can be stated in active form, and the missing words can be supplied. Alternate translation: "This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in the book that contains his words:" or "John fulfilled the message that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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These words introduce a quotation from the prophet Isaiah. They can be stated in active form, and the missing words can be supplied. Alternate translation: "This happened as Isaiah the prophet had written in the book that contains his words:" or "John fulfilled the message that the prophet Isaiah had written in his book:" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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# A voice of one calling out in the wilderness
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# A voice of one crying out in the wilderness
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This can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness"
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This can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: "The voice of one crying out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone crying out in the wilderness"
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# Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight
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# Make ready the way of the Lord, make his paths straight
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This verse tells how the messenger in verse 2 would prepare the Lord's way.
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This verse tells how the messenger in verse 2 would prepare the Lord's way.
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# The voice of one calling out in the wilderness
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# The voice of one crying out in the wilderness
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This phrase can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: "The voice of one calling out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone calling out in the wilderness"
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This phrase can be expressed as a sentence. Alternate translation: "The voice of one crying out in the wilderness is heard" or "They hear the sound of someone crying out in the wilderness"
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# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight
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# Make ready the way of the Lord ... make his paths straight
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Here "you" is plural, referring to all the people mentioned in [Nehemiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]])
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Here "you" is plural, referring to all the people mentioned in [Nehemiah 2:16](../02/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]])
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# its gates have been destroyed by fire
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# its gates have been burned by fire
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "how our enemies destroyed its gates by fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "how our enemies destroyed its gates by burning them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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# so we will no longer be in disgrace
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# so we will no longer be in disgrace
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