PDF Jeremiah

jer/12/05.md

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Some translations read, "if you fall down."
 
 This refers to the open countryside, where it is easy to travel quickly, in contrast to the overgrown thickets along the Jordan River, where it is difficult to move.
 
-# how will you do in the thickets along the Jordan?
+# how will you do in the majesty along the Jordan?
 
-This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the thickets along the Jordan. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "you will surely not be able to run in the thickets along the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+This rhetorical question implies that he would not be able to run through the "majesty" along the Jordan. This question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: "you will surely not be able to run in the majesty along the Jordan." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
-# thickets
+# majesty
 
-many bushes or small trees growing close together
+This is a metonym for the majestic forests or thickets on the banks of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "forest" or "thickets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

jer/13/09.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# of Judah and Jerusalem
+# Judah ... Jerusalem
 
-Here Judah and Jerusalem refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "of the people of Judah and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+Here "Judah" and "Jerusalem" refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "of the people of Judah ... the people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

jer/22/10.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This is singular, and refers to King Josiah who had been killed.
 
 This refers to King Jehoahaz who was taken into exile in Egypt.
 
-# never return and see his native land
+# never return and see the land of his birth
 
-"never come back and see the land of Israel again" or "never see his homeland again"
+"never come back and see the land of Israel again" or "never return and see the place where he was born"
 

jer/30/10.md

@@ -30,3 +30,8 @@ Jacob's name is a metonym for his descendants. Yahweh speaks to Jacob as if he w
 
 "safe"
 
+# no more terror
+
+"no one to terrify him"
+
+

jer/46/05.md

@@ -10,3 +10,7 @@ The word "I" here refer to Yahweh. Yahweh uses a question to introduce the visio
 
 The abstract noun "terror" can be stated as "terrified." Alternate translation: "The Egyptian soldiers are terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
+# their soldiers have been completely destroyed
+
+The phrase "completely destroyed" is an exaggeration for complete defeat. This may be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the enemy has completely destroyed their soldiers" or "the enemy has killed all their soldiers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+

jer/46/16.md

@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@
 
 "Yahweh causes more and more of your soldiers to stumble"
 
-# Let us leave this sword that is beating us down
+# the land of our birth
 
-Here "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "Let us run away from our enemies because they are killing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+"the land where we were born"
+
+# away from the sword of the oppressor
+
+Here "sword" represents the enemy soldiers who are carrying weapons. Alternate translation: "away from the soldiers that are oppressing us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

jer/46/27.md

@@ -6,3 +6,11 @@ These two phrases mean the same thing. Here "Jacob" and "Israel" represent the p
 
 "from the land where they are captives"
 
+# Jacob will return and be at ease; he will rest secure, and there will be no more terror
+
+See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 30:10](../30/10.md).
+
+# no more terror
+
+"no one to terrify him"
+

jer/47/05.md

@@ -6,15 +6,23 @@ The abstract noun "baldness" can be stated as "bald." "Gaza" represents the peop
 
 The shaving of the entire head or portions of the head is a sign of great sorrow practiced by idol worshipers in nations such as Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
 
-# the people ... will be made silent
+# Ashkelon has been silenced
 
-Possible meanings are 1) the people will be silent because they are mourning or 2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers will kill them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
+Possible meanings are 1) the people are silent because they are mourning or 2) this is a euphemism that means the enemy soldiers has killed them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
 
-# How long will you cut yourself in mourning?
+# You remnant in their valley, how long will you cut yourself?
 
-Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "You will forever cut yourselves in mourning." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
+"You people who remain in their valley, how long will you cut yourselves?"
 
-# cut yourself in mourning
+# their valley
 
-The cutting of one's skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourn the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
+the valley in which the Philistines of Gaza and Ashkelon lived
+
+# how long will you cut yourself?
+
+Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that the people of Ashkelon will never stop mourning. Yahweh speaks to the people as if he were speaking to one woman, who is a metaphor for the city itself. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "you will forever cut yourself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
+
+# cut yourself
+
+The cutting of one's skin was another practice done by the idol worshipers when they mourned the dead. Alternate translation: "cut yourself in mourning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

jer/47/07.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Here Jeremiah is speaking. He continues speaking of the sword of Yahweh as if it were a person who could rest. Yahweh punishing the Philistines by sending the army of the north is spoken of as if Yahweh were striking the people with a sword. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It cannot rest ... along the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has ordered ... the sea?
+# How can it rest when Yahweh has commanded it, when he has appointed ... the sea?
 
-Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has ordered ... the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Jeremiah uses a question to mean that the sword cannot stop since Yahweh has commanded it to continue killing. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "It cannot stop, for Yahweh has commanded it. He has appointed ... the sea." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 

jer/48/11.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Moab has felt secure since he was young ... He is ... his wine ... He has never gone ... he tastes ... his flavor
+# Moab has rested secure since he was young ... He is ... his wine ... He has never gone ... he tastes ... his flavor
 
-Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of "he" and "his" can be stated as "they," "their," or "them." Alternate translation: "Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have felt secure ... They are ... their wine ... They have never gone ... they tastes ... their flavor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
+Here Yahweh speaks of Moab as if it were a man. Here it represents the people of Moab. All occurrences of "he" and "his" can be stated as "they," "their," or "them." Alternate translation: "Even from their earliest times, the people of Moab have rested secure ... They are ... their wine ... They have never gone ... they tastes ... their flavor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
 # He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot
 

jer/48/30.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 The word "myself" is used to emphasize that Yahweh was the one who knew about Moab's defiant speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]])
 
-# his defiant speech ... like his deeds
+# his arrogant speech ... like his deeds
 
-Here "his" refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: "their defiant speech ... like their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+Here "his" refers to Moab which represents the people of Moab. Alternate translation: "their arrogant speech ... like their deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# his defiant speech
+# his arrogant speech
 
-The abstract noun "speech" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "that he has spoken pridefully" or "that he has spoken arrogant words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
+The abstract noun "speech" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "that he has spoken arrogantly" or "that he has spoken arrogant words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 

jer/48/32.md

@@ -2,15 +2,18 @@
 
 These are the names of two towns in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
 
-# vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed ... your wine
+# vine of Sibmah! Your branches passed ... your grapes
 
-The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah as if there were a grapevine. Alternate translation: "people of Sibmah, who are like a grapevine with branches that passed ... your wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The town of Sibmah had many vineyards. Here, Yahweh speaks to the people of Sibmah by speaking to the vines as if the vines could hear him. Alternate translation: "people of Sibmah! Your grapevine had branches that passed ... your grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# The destroyers have attacked your summer fruit and your wine
+# The destroyer has attacked your summer fruit and your grapes
 
-Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: "The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your vineyards and your wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Yahweh continues speaking of the people of Sibmah as if they were a grapevine. Alternate translation: "The destroyers have attacked you and have taken the fruit from your orchards and your grapes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# The destroyers have
+# The destroyer has
 
 "The enemy army has"
 
+# summer fruit
+
+dates and figs

jer/48/34.md

@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@ These are names of other cities in Moab. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-na
 
 This is the name of a stream or river near the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
 
+# become desolate
+
+"dried up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

jer/48/43.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Terror and the pit, and a trap are coming on you
+# Terror, the pit, and a trap are coming on you
 
 Here "coming on you" is an idiom that means "to experience" something. Alternate translation: "You will experience the terror, the pit, and a trap" or "You will be terrified, and you will fall into pits and traps" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
 

jer/48/45.md

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ Translate the name of this city as you did in [Jeremiah 48:2](../48/02.md). (See
 
 This is the name of an Amorite king who once ruled over Heshbon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
 
-# It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people
+# It will devour the forehead of Moab and the scalps of the boastful people
 
-Here "forehead" and "top of the heads" represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: "It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
+Here "forehead" and "scalps" represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate translation: "It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 
 # forehead
 

jer/49/02.md

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ Future time is spoken of as if the "days are coming." See how you translated thi
 
 Yahweh speaks of himself by name to express the certainty of what he is declaring. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: "this is what Yahweh has declared" or "this is what I, Yahweh, have declared" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
 
-# when I will sound the signal for battle
+# when I will cause a trumpet call for battle against Rabbah to be heard
 
-Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: "when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Yahweh causing an army to attack is spoken of as if he would sound the signal for the battle to start. Alternate translation: "when I will cause the enemy army to sound the signal for battle against Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # its villages will be set on fire
 

jer/49/03.md

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "for your enemies will
 
 Possible meanings are 1) "daughters" represent the women who live in Rabbah. Alternate translation: "women of Rabbah" or 2) all the people in general are spoken of as if they are the daughters of Rabbah. Alternate translation: "people of Rabbah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# Gird yourselves with sackcloth
+
+People would wear sackcloth to show that they were very sad. The command "gird yourselves," which usually means "prepare for work" or "prepare for battle" is ironic: they are to prepare to mourn, not to work or fight. See how you translated similar words in [Jeremiah 4:8](../04/08.md). Alternate translation: "Put on the clothes that show you are mourning" or "Prepare to mourn" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
+
 # for Molech is going into captivity
 
 "for your enemies will take your god Molech captive." This means the enemies will take the idol that represents Molech back to their land.

jer/49/09.md

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
 
 Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how grape harvesters leave some grapes behind. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "If grape harvesters ... they would certainly leave some grapes behind." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
-# If thieves ... would they not steal only as much as they wanted?
+# If thieves ... would they not spoil only as much as they wanted?
 
-Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "If thieves ... they would only take as much as they wanted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+Yahweh uses a question to cause the people to think about how thieves only take what they want. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "If thieves ... they would only spoil as much as they wanted." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
+
+# spoil
+
+This is a metonym for "steal." They would spoil the crop by stealing it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

jer/49/12.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
 
 Here "the cup" is a metonym that represents the contents in the cup that the people must drink. The people experiencing Yahweh's punishment is spoken of as if Yahweh's punishment were liquid in a cup and the people must drink it. Alternate translation: "must certainly experience my punishment ... for you will certainly experience my punishment" or "I will certainly still punish ... for I will certainly punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# Do you yourself think you will go without punishment?
+# Do you yourself think you will go unpunished?
 
 Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will certainly be punished. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Certainly, you must be aware that you will personally experience my punishment for your sins." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 
@@ -18,3 +18,6 @@ Yahweh uses a question to emphasize the people of Edom have sinned and will cert
 
 The words "you" and "yourself" refer to Edom, which represents the people of Edom. The word "yourself" is used to draw attention to the people of Edom. Alternate translation: "you yourselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rpronouns]])
 
+# You will not go unpunished
+
+"You will certainly be punished" (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_doublenegatives]])

jer/49/17.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Edom.
 
 The abstract noun "horror" can be stated using the verb "horrified." Alternate translation: "The people passing by will be horrified when they what happened to Edom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
-# tremble and hiss
+# be appalled and hiss
 
 The word "hiss" refers to a sound that shows horror or awe. Alternate translation: "shake from fear and gasp" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
 

jer/49/19.md

@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@ Yahweh continues speaking about what will happen to Edom.
 
 "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you."
 
-# he will go up like a lion from the forests of the Jordan to the green pasturelands
+# he will go up like a lion from the majesty of the Jordan to the green pasturelands
 
 This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: "When I punish the people of Edom, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of forest and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
 
+# majesty
+
+This is a metonym for the majestic forests or thickets on the banks of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "forest" or "thickets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+
 # pasturelands
 
 This is land covered with grass where animals feed on the grass.

jer/49/21.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The loud sound of Edom being destroyed is spoken of as if Edom were a large object that shakes the earth when it falls. Alternate translation: "When enemies come and destroy Edom, the noise will be extremely loud, with the result that the earth will shake" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# The sound of distressed shouts is heard at the Sea of Reeds
+# The sound of cries of distress is heard at the Sea of Reeds
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "People at the Sea of Reeds will hear the people of Edom crying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

jer/49/23.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ These are cities in Syria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
 
 A person being afraid is spoken of as if the person were melting. Alternate translation: "They are very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# They become as troubled as the sea, which cannot stay calm
+# Anxiety is in the sea. It cannot stay calm.
 
 The water of the sea is always moving and is never still. This is compared to the people who cannot rest because they are so anxious about the bad news they heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 

jer/50/44.md

@@ -6,9 +6,13 @@ This verse is almost identical to [Jeremiah 49:19](../49/19.md). See how you tra
 
 The word "Behold" here tells the reader to pay attention to what follows. Alternate translation: "Pay attention!"
 
-# He goes up like a lion from the heights of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place
+# He goes up like a lion from the majesty of the Jordan to the enduring grazing place
 
-This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of mountains and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
+This simile means that when Yahweh punishes the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion attacks sheep. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "When I punish the people of Babylon, it will be fierce and unexpected like when a lion comes out of a forest and attacks sheep in the pasture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
+
+# majesty
+
+This is a metonym for the majestic forests or thickets on the banks of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "forest" or "thickets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # the enduring grazing place