diff --git a/hos/02/14.md b/hos/02/14.md index c86632f961..feacc3064f 100644 --- a/hos/02/14.md +++ b/hos/02/14.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Yahweh is speaking about Israel. -# So I am going to win her back +# to allure her -"I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me" +to attract her diff --git a/hos/04/03.md b/hos/04/03.md index 5cf4055e84..c836155f85 100644 --- a/hos/04/03.md +++ b/hos/04/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# So the land is drying up +# the land mourns, and everyone living in it is wasting away -This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time. +The phrase "the land mourns" is either 1) a metaphor for the land drying up because of a drought, when no rain falls for a long time. Alternate translation: "the land dries up, and everyone living in it is wasting away" Or 2) a metonym for the people of the land mourning because they have nothing to eat. Alternate translation: "the people living on the land mourn and waste away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) # wasting away diff --git a/hos/04/08.md b/hos/04/08.md index 6ad3a6667b..f9d2cbaab6 100644 --- a/hos/04/08.md +++ b/hos/04/08.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Yahweh continues speaking about the priests. When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) -# they are greedy for more of their wickedness +# they are greedy for more of their iniquity The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/hos/04/10.md b/hos/04/10.md index e724d5fa0a..43853df354 100644 --- a/hos/04/10.md +++ b/hos/04/10.md @@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ Yahweh is talking about Israel. "but not have children" -# they have gone far away +# to Yahweh -The people have stopped worshiping and following God. - -# from Yahweh - -Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "from me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) +Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: "to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]]) diff --git a/hos/06/01.md b/hos/06/01.md index 4552f891ed..5ee4af4995 100644 --- a/hos/06/01.md +++ b/hos/06/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The people of Israel confess their need to repent. -# he has torn us to pieces ... he has injured us +# he has torn us apart ... he has injured us God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/hos/06/05.md b/hos/06/05.md index 58900b9647..6d1273eed4 100644 --- a/hos/06/05.md +++ b/hos/06/05.md @@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ Through his prophets, Yahweh has pronounced destruction on the rebellious nation Yahweh has judged Ephraim [verse 4](./04.md) in a way that people can see plainly and cannot avoid. Alternate translation: "The judgments that have fallen on you are like the light that shines out" or "The way I have judged you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]]) -# The judgments on you +# Your judgments Some versions read, "My judgments," referring to the actions Yahweh has taken against Ephraim. -# Your decrees - -"Yahweh's commands" - diff --git a/hos/06/06.md b/hos/06/06.md index 45af42f020..5550318de6 100644 --- a/hos/06/06.md +++ b/hos/06/06.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Yahweh is speaking. -# For I desire faithfulness and not sacrifice +# For I delight in covenant faithfulness and not sacrifice -This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). Alternate translation: "For I desire faithfulness more than sacrifice" +This grammatical construction in Hebrew signals here the idea of "more than," as the next line shows ("and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings"). Alternate translation: "For I delight in covenant faithfulness more than I delight in sacrifice" or "For I delight in sacrifices, but I delight in covenant faithfulness even more" diff --git a/hos/07/12.md b/hos/07/12.md index 543fb7ee8d..05625b5dac 100644 --- a/hos/07/12.md +++ b/hos/07/12.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Yahweh speaks of the way he will judge Israel as if they were birds that he woul # in their flocking together -This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. +This expression extends the metaphor of the birds. Alternate translation: "when they gather together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/hos/08/05.md b/hos/08/05.md index 1d473dbea8..8416c43e4a 100644 --- a/hos/08/05.md +++ b/hos/08/05.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The people worshiped an idol that looked like a calf, so Yahweh is speaking of t Anger is often spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: "I am very angry with these people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) -# For how long will they stay guilty? +# For how long will they be incapable of innocence? -Yahweh asks this question to express his anger about his people being impure. "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) +Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are 1) Yahweh is expressing his anger about his people being guilty of sin. Alternate translation: "I am angry with these people because they have no desire to be innocent." Or 2) he is threatening to punish them soon. Alternate translation: "They will not be able to avoid being punished for much longer." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/hos/08/10.md b/hos/08/10.md index 08f6dabd63..e1a9654e97 100644 --- a/hos/08/10.md +++ b/hos/08/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ -# because of the oppression of the king of princes +# because of the burden of the king of princes That is, because the Assyrian king, also called "the Great King," will make the people suffer. +# burden + +This probably refers to a tax or other form of oppression. + diff --git a/hos/09/06.md b/hos/09/06.md index b66575a076..dc054ecbfb 100644 --- a/hos/09/06.md +++ b/hos/09/06.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Here "they" still refers to the people of Israel. You can continue stating this Egypt and Memphis refer to the people who live there. Alternate translation: "the army of Egypt will capture you. You will die there, and the people in the city of Memphis will bury you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) -# As for their treasures of silver—sharp briers will possess them +# As for their precious things of silver—sharp briers will possess them -Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. Alternate translation: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their treasures of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +Briers growing in the places where Israelites stored their silver is spoken of as if the briers were human enemies that would take the Israelite's precious possessions for themselves. Alternate translation: "Sharp briers will grow where they store their precious things of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) # sharp briers will possess them, and thorns will fill their tents diff --git a/hos/09/07.md b/hos/09/07.md index 8e3fa5fab1..9bab8025e1 100644 --- a/hos/09/07.md +++ b/hos/09/07.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the p Here "prophet" and "inspired man" both mean a person who claims to receive messages from God. It is implied that these people are false prophets and only thought they received messages from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]]) -# because of your great iniquity and great hostility +# because of your abundant iniquity and great hostility -The phrases "great iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) +The phrases "abundant iniquity" and "great hostility" share similar meanings. The iniquity of the people manifested itself in hostility towards Yahweh and his prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/hos/10/06.md b/hos/10/06.md index e2c02f3456..a36bb9e644 100644 --- a/hos/10/06.md +++ b/hos/10/06.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The Assyrians will carry them away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) +# the great king + +Some versions read, "King Jareb." + # Ephraim will be disgraced, and Israel will be ashamed of its idol This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "And the people of Israel will be very ashamed because they had worshiped idols" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/hos/10/11.md b/hos/10/11.md index af530f06c3..af5913477c 100644 --- a/hos/10/11.md +++ b/hos/10/11.md @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yah Here "yoke" refers to suffering and slavery. Yahweh has been kind to the people of Israel, but the people have been unfaithful to him. So he will punish them and send them away as slaves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]]) +# her fair neck + +The irony here is that the "heifer" views herself as "fair"—that is, as beautiful and delicate—but Yahweh views her as ugly and so will put a yoke on her, which will destroy her beauty. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]]) + # Judah will plow; Jacob will pull the harrow by himself Here "Judah" refers to the people of the southern kingdom and "Jacob" is the people of the northern kingdom. This means God will cause difficult times for both kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/php/03/16.md b/php/03/16.md index 097d717cf4..3aebff3357 100644 --- a/php/03/16.md +++ b/php/03/16.md @@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ Paul uses "we" to include the Philippian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/f "No matter what else is true" -# what we have attained .. the same standard +# what we have attained ... the same standard The phrase "what we have attained" probably refers to the "standard" of truth. Alternate translation: "the standard of truth that we have attained ... that same standard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])