PDF Isaiah 1-10
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The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]])
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The writer provides background information to prepare the reader for the events that follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-background]])
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# banned .. from the land
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# banned ... from the land
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He had officially removed them from the country or region, or prevented from entering. Alternate translation: "expelled ... from Israel"
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He had officially removed them from the country or region, or prevented from entering. Alternate translation: "expelled ... from Israel"
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@ -6,14 +6,6 @@ This is the name of a place near Jerusalem that is also known as Gehenna. (See:
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You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate translation: "he burned his sons to death as an offering to his gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate translation: "he burned his sons to death as an offering to his gods" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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# consulted with
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"asked for information from"
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# the dead
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This refers to dead people. Alternate translation: "dead people" or "those who are dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
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# Manasseh did much evil in the sight of Yahweh
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# Manasseh did much evil in the sight of Yahweh
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Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "Manasseh did many things that Yahweh said were evil" or "He practiced the things that Yahweh considered evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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Here Yahweh's "sight" refers to how he judges or decides on the value of something. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 14:2](../14/02.md). Alternate translation: "Manasseh did many things that Yahweh said were evil" or "He practiced the things that Yahweh considered evil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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In 2:9 Isaiah finishes speaking to Yahweh. In 2:10-11 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
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In 2:9 Isaiah finishes speaking to Yahweh. In 2:10-11 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
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# The people will be bowed down, and individuals will fall down
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# The people will be bowed down, and individuals will be brought down
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Here being low to the ground represents people who are completely humiliated because they realize all they trusted in is worthless, and they can do nothing to help themselves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will make the people ashamed, and they will realize that all they trusted in is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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Here being low to the ground represents people who are completely humiliated because they realize all they trusted in is worthless, and they can do nothing to help themselves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will make the people ashamed, and they will realize that all they trusted in is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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# for the recompense of his hands will be done to him
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# for what his hands have earned will be done to him
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Here "hands" stands for the deeds that the person has done. Alternate translation: "for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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Here "hands" stands for the deeds that the person has done. Alternate translation: "for what the wicked person has done to others will be done to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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# sashes
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# sashes
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a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest
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a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest mostly for decoration
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# perfume boxes
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# perfume boxes
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# sash
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# belt
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a piece of cloth that people wear around the waist or across the chest. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 3:20](../03/20.md).
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This is a general word for a piece of cloth or leather that people wear around the waist. Some are for decoration, but others are to hold weapons.
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# a rope
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# a rope
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"will be full of beauty and glory"
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"will be full of beauty and glory"
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# the fruit of the land will be the pride and delight of those survivors in Israel
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# the fruit of the land will be the pride and delight of the escaped remnant in Israel
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The phrase "fruit of the land" speaks a synecdoche for all food crops that grow on the land. The words "pride" and "delight" are metonyms for what it is that brings pride and delight. Alternate translation: "the fruit of the land will be what makes those survivors in Israel proud and what they delight in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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The phrase "fruit of the land" speaks a synecdoche for all food crops that grow on the land. The words "pride" and "delight" are metonyms for what it is that brings pride and delight. Alternate translation: "the fruit of the land will be what makes those survivors in Israel proud and what they delight in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) the people of Jerusalem.
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Possible meanings are 1) the women of Jerusalem or 2) the people of Jerusalem.
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# will have cleansed the blood stains from Jerusalem's midst
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# will have cleansed the blood stains from the midst of Jerusalem
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"Blood stains" here represents violence and murder. Alternate translation: "will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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"Blood stains" here represents violence and murder. Alternate translation: "will have taken away those in Jerusalem who harm innocent people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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# who acquit the wicked for payment
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# who acquit the wicked for a bribe
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This passage is speaking about corrupt judges in courts of law.
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This passage is speaking about corrupt judges in courts of law.
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"declare guilty people innocent"
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"declare guilty people innocent"
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# deprive the innocent of his rights
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# deprive those in the right of what is right
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"do not treat innocent people fairly"
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"do not treat innocent people fairly"
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will break your arm
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Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. Alternate translation: "Listen, all you people in far away places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
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Isaiah speaks as if people in other countries can hear him. Alternate translation: "Listen, all you people in far away places" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-apostrophe]])
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# gird yourselves and be broken in pieces; gird yourselves and be broken in pieces
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# gird yourselves and be broken to pieces; gird yourselves and be broken to pieces
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Yahweh is mocking the peoples and saying that no matter how they prepare for war, he will defeat them. These words are stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will prepare yourselves for battle, but I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
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Yahweh is mocking the peoples and saying that no matter how they prepare for war, he will defeat them. These words are stated twice for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "you will prepare yourselves for battle, but I will destroy you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
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