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Issue 80 Reflexive Pronouns

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Susan Quigley 2019-01-04 17:59:35 +00:00
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All languages have ways of showing that the same person fills two different roles in a sentence. English does this by using **Reflexive pronouns**. These are pronouns that refer to someone or something that has already been mentioned in a sentence. In English the reflexive pronouns are: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves. Other languages may have other ways to show this.
**Uses of Reflexive Pronouns**
* To show that the same person or thing fills two different roles in a sentence
* To show that the same person or things fills two different roles in a sentence
* To emphasize a person or thing in the sentence
* To show that someone did something alone
* To show that someone or something was alone
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### Examples from the Bible
##### The reflexive pronoun shows that the same person or thing fills two different roles in a sentence.
>Then they picked up stones to throw at him, but <u>Jesus</u> hid <u>himself</u> and went out of the temple. (John 8:59)
The word "himself" refers to Jesus.
>If <u>I</u> should testify about <u>myself</u>, my testimony would not be true. (John 5:31 ULB)
Jesus was speaking. The words "I" and "myself" both refer to Jesus.
>Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and <u>many</u> went up to Jerusalem from the country before the Passover in order to purify <u>themselves</u>. (John 11:55 ULB)
The word "themselves" refers to the "many" who went up in order to purify themselves.
##### The reflexive pronouns emphasizes a person or thing in the sentence.
>... <u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were ... (John 4:2 ULB
>... <u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were ... (John 4:2 ULB)
>So they left the crowd, taking Jesus with them, since he was already in the boat. ... And a violent windstorm arose and the waves were breaking into the boat so that the boat was already full. But <u>Jesus himself</u> was in the stern, asleep on a cushion. (Mark 4:36-38 ULB)
> Now Jesus said this to test Philip, for <u>he himself</u> knew what he was going to do. (John 6:6)
The words "he" and "himself" both refer to Jesus.
##### The reflexive pronoun shows that someone did something alone.
>When Jesus realized that they were about to come and seize him by force to make him king, he withdrew again up the mountain <u>by himself</u>. (John 6:15 ULB)
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If a reflexive pronoun would have the same function in your language, consider using it. If not, here are some other strategies.
1. In some languages people put something on the verb to show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject.
1. In some languages people show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject by putting something on the verb.
1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by referring to it in a special place in the sentence.
1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it.
1. In some languages people show that someone did something alone by using a word like "alone."
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. In some languages people put something on the verb to show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject.
1. In some languages people show that the object of the verb is the same as the subject by putting something on the verb.
* **If I should testify about <u>myself</u>, my testimony would not be true.** (John 5:31)
* If I should <u>self-testify</u>, my testimony would not be true.
* **Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and many went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the Passover in order to <u>purify themselves</u>.** (John 11:55)
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* **<u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were.** (John 4:2)
* <u>It was not Jesus who</u> was baptizing, but his disciples were.
1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it. English adds the reflexive pronoun.
1. In some languages people emphasize a certain person or thing by adding something to that word or putting another word with it. English uses the reflexive pronoun.
* **Now Jesus said this to test Philip, for he <u>himself</u> knew what he was going to do.** (John 6:6)
1. In some languages people show that someone did something alone by using a word like "alone."