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Checked verses with ULB
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ When that happens you can "borrow" the word from the Bible into your own langua
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### Examples from the Bible
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>He saw a <u>fig</u> tree on the roadside (Matthew 21:19 ULB)
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>Seeing a <u>fig</u> tree on the roadside ... (Matthew 21:19 ULB)
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If there are no fig trees where your language is spoken, there might not be a name for this kind of tree in your language.
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ How do I translate words like lion, fig tree, mountain, priest, or temple when p
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### Description
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Unknowns are things that occur in the source text that are not known to the people of your culture. The translationWords pages and the translationNotes will help you understand what they are. After you understand them, you will need to find ways to refer to those things so that people who read your translation will understand what they are.
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>We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
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>We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish. (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
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Bread is a particular food made by mixing finely crushed grains with oil, and then cooking the mixture so that it is dry. (Grains are the seeds of a kind of grass.) In some cultures people do not have bread or know what it is.
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@ -21,19 +21,19 @@ Bread is a particular food made by mixing finely crushed grains with oil, and th
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### Examples from the Bible
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>I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>jackals</u> (Jeremiah 9:11 ULB)
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>So I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>jackals</u>. (Jeremiah 9:11 ULB)
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Jackals are wild animals like dogs that live in only a few parts of the world. So they are not known in many places.
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>Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep's clothing, but are truly ravenous <u>wolves</u>. (Matthew 7:15 ULB)
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>Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing but are truly ravenous <u>wolves</u>. (Matthew 7:15 ULB)
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If wolves do not live where the translation will be read, the readers may not understand that they are fierce, wild animals like dogs that attack and eat sheep.
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>Then they tried to give Jesus wine that was mixed with <u>myrrh</u>. But he refused to drink it. (Mark 15:23 ULB)
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>Then they tried to give Jesus wine mixed with <u>myrrh</u>, but he did not drink it. (Mark 15:23 ULB)
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People may not know what myrrh is and that it was used as a medicine.
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>to him who made <u>great lights</u> (Psalm 136:7 ULB)
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>... to him who made <u>great lights</u> ... (Psalm 136:7 ULB)
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Some languages have terms for things that give light, like the sun and fire, but they have no general term for lights.
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>your sins ... will be white like <u>snow</u> (Isaiah 1:18 ULB)
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>your sins ... will be white like <u>snow</u> ... (Isaiah 1:18 ULB)
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People in many parts of the world have not seen snow, but they may have seen it in pictures.
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@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ Here are ways you might translate a term that is not known in your language:
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1. Use a phrase that describes what the unknown item is, or what is important about the unknown item for the verse being translated.
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* **Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep's clothing, but are truly <u>ravenous wolves</u>.** (Matthew 7:15 ULB)
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* Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep's clothing, but <u>are truly hungry and dangerous animals</u>.
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* **Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing but are truly <u>ravenous wolves</u>.** (Matthew 7:15 ULB)
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* Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep's clothing but are truly <u>hungry and dangerous animals</u>.
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"Ravenous wolves" is part of a metaphor here, so the reader needs to know that they are very dangerous to sheep in order to understand this metaphor. (If sheep are also unknown, then you will need to also use one of the translation strategies to translate sheep, or change the metaphor to something else, using a translation strategy for metaphors. See [Translating Metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md).)
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* **We have here only five <u>loaves of bread</u> and two fish** (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
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* **We have here only five <u>loaves of bread</u> and two fish.** (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
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* We have here only five <u>loaves of baked grain seeds</u> and two fish
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1. Substitute something similar from your language if doing so does not falsely represent a historical fact.
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@ -67,22 +67,22 @@ Here are ways you might translate a term that is not known in your language:
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1. Copy the word from another language, and add a general word or descriptive phrase to help people understand it.
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* **Then they tried to give Jesus wine that was mixed with <u>myrrh</u>. But he refused to drink it.** (Mark 15:23 ULB) - People may understand better what myrrh is if it is used with the general word "medicine."
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* Then they tried to give Jesus wine that was mixed with <u>a medicine called myrrh</u>. But he refused to drink it.
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* **Then they tried to give Jesus wine mixed with <u>myrrh</u>, but he refused to drink it.** (Mark 15:23 ULB) - People may understand better what myrrh is if it is used with the general word "medicine."
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* Then they tried to give Jesus wine mixed with <u>a medicine called myrrh</u>, but he refused to drink it.
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* **We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish** (Matthew 14:17 ULB) - People may understand better what bread is if it is used with a phrase that tells what it is made of (seeds) and how it is prepared (crushed and baked).
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* We have here only five loaves of <u>baked crushed seed bread</u> and two fish
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* **We have here only five loaves of <u>bread</u> and two fish.** (Matthew 14:17 ULB) - People may understand better what bread is if it is used with a phrase that tells what it is made of (seeds) and how it is prepared (crushed and baked).
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* We have here only five loaves of <u>baked crushed seed bread</u> and two fish.
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1. Use a word that is more general in meaning.
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* **I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>jackals</u>** (Jeremiah 9:11 ULB)
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* I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>wild dogs</u>
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* **So I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>jackals</u>**. (Jeremiah 9:11 ULB)
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* So I will turn Jerusalem into piles of ruins, a hideout for <u>wild dogs</u>.
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* **We have here only five <u>loaves of bread</u> and two fish** (Matthew 14:17 ULB)
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* We have here only five <u>loaves of baked food</u> and two fish
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* We have here only five <u>loaves of baked food</u> and two fish.
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1. Use a word or phrase that is more specific in meaning.
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* **to him who made <u>great lights</u>** (Psalm 136:7 ULB)
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* to him who made <u>the sun and the moon</u>
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* **... to him who made <u>great lights</u> ...** (Psalm 136:7 ULB)
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* ... to him who made <u>the sun and the moon</u> ...
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