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Issue 97 - pastforfuture

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Susan Quigley 2019-02-08 21:34:42 +00:00
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jit/figs-pastforfuture/01.md
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@ -8,21 +8,17 @@ Readers who are not aware of the past tense being used in prophecy to refer to f
### Examples from the Bible
>Therefore my people have gone into captivity for lack of understanding;
When God firmly decided that he would do something or that something would happen, he sometimes spoke of it as if it had already happened. The past tense verbs are underlined in the examples below.
>Therefore my people <u>have gone</u> into captivity for lack of understanding;
>their leaders go hungry, and their masses have nothing to drink. (Isaiah 5:13 ULB)
In the example above, the people of Israel had not yet gone into captivity, but God spoke of their going into captivity as if it had already happened because he had decided that they certainly would go into captivity.
When prophets wrote about things that God said would happen, they sometimes wrote about them as if they had already happened.
>Now all the entrances to Jericho were closed because of the army of Israel. No one went out and no one came in. Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I have handed over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers." (Joshua 6:1-2 ULB)
>For to us a child <u>has been born</u>, to us a son <u>has been given</u>;
>and the rule will be on his shoulder. (Isaiah 9:6 ULB)
>For to us a child has been born, to us a son has been given;
>and the rule will be on his shoulder; (Isaiah 9:6 ULB)
In the examples above, God spoke of things that would happen in the future as if they had already happened.
>And about these people also Enoch, the seventh in line from Adam, foretold, saying, "Look, the Lord came with tens of thousands of his holy ones, (Jude 1:14 ULB)
Enoch was speaking of something that would happen in the future, but he used the past tense when he said "the Lord came.”
>And about these people also Enoch, the seventh in line from Adam, foretold, saying, "Look, the Lord <u>came</u> with tens of thousands of his holy ones, (Jude 1:14 ULB)
### Translation Strategies
@ -35,17 +31,14 @@ If the past tense would be natural and give the right meaning in your language,
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Use the future tense to refer to future events.
* **For to us a child <u>has been born</u>, to us a son <u>has been given</u>** ... (Isaiah 9:6a ULB)
* For to us a child <u>will be born</u>, to us a son <u>will be given</u> ...
* **For to us a child <u>has been born</u>, to us a son <u>has been given</u>** ... (Isaiah 9:6a ULB)
* For to us a child <u>will be born</u>, to us a son <u>will be given</u> ...
1. If it refers to something that would happen very soon, use a form that shows that.
* **Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>have handed</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."** (Joshua 6:2 ULB)
* Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>am about to hand</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."
* **Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>have handed</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."** (Joshua 6:2 ULB)
* Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>am about to hand</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."
1. Some languages may use the present tense to show that something will happen very soon.
* **Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>have handed</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."** (Joshua 6:2 ULB)
* Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>am handing</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."
* **Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>have handed</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."** (Joshua 6:2 ULB)
* Yahweh said to Joshua, "See, I <u>am handing</u> over to you Jericho, its king, and its trained soldiers."