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Checked verses with ULB
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ The examples below show each of these types used for their main functions.
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#### Statements
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>In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. (Genesis 1:1 ULB)
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>In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. (Genesis 1:1 ULB)
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Statements can also have other functions. (see [Statements - Other Uses](../figs-declarative/01.md))
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@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ With a **command**, the speaker uses his authority and tells someone to do somet
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><u>Rise up</u>, Balak, and <u>hear</u>. <u>Listen</u> to me, you son of Zippor. (Numbers 23:18 ULB)
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With an **instruction**, the speaker tells someone how to do something.
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>...but if you want to enter into life, <u>keep the commandments</u>. ... If you wish to be perfect, <u>go</u>, <u>sell</u> what you have, and <u>give</u> it to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. (Matthew 19:17, 21 ULB)
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>...but if you want to enter into life, <u>keep the commandments</u>. ... If you wish to be perfect, <u>go</u>, <u>sell</u> what you have, and <u>give</u> to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. (Matthew 19:17, 21 ULB)
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With a **suggestion**, the speaker tells someone something to do or not do that he thinks might help that person. In the example below, it is best for both blind men if they do not try to lead each other.
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>A blind man <u>should not</u> try to lead another blind man. If he did, they both would fall into a hole! ( Luke 6:39 UDB)
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>A blind man <u>should not</u> try to lead another blind man. If he did, they both would fall into a hole! (Luke 6:39 UDB)
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Speakers may intend to be part of the group that does what is suggested. In Genesis 11, the people were saying that it would be good for them all to make bricks together.
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>They said to one another, "Come, <u>let us</u> make bricks and bake them thoroughly." (Genesis 11:3 ULB)
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>Then they said to each other, "<u>Let us</u> make bricks and bake them to make them hard ... (Genesis 11:3 ULB)
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With an **invitation**, the speaker uses politeness or friendliness to suggest that someone do something if he wants. This is usually something that the speaker thinks the listener will enjoy.
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><u>Come</u> with us and we will do you good. (Numbers 10:29)
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@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ With a **request**, the speaker uses politeness to say that he wants someone to
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With a **wish** a person expresses what they want to happen. In English they often start with the word "may" or "let."
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In Genesis 28, Isaac told Jacob what he wanted God to do for him.
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><u>May God Almighty bless</u> you, make you fruitful and multiply you. (Genesis 28:3 ULB)
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><u>May God Almighty bless</u> you, make you fruitful and multiply you ... (Genesis 28:3 ULB)
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In Genesis 9, Noah said what he wanted to happen to Canaan.
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><u>Cursed be</u> Canaan. <u>May he be</u> a servant to his brothers' servants. (Genesis 9:25 ULB)
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@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ A simile is a comparison of two things that are not normally thought to be simil
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### Description
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A simile is a comparison of two things that are not normally thought to be similar. It focuses on a particular trait the two items have in common, and it includes the words "like," "as" or "than."
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>When he saw the crowds, he had compassion for them, because they were worried and confused, because they were <u>like sheep without a shepherd</u>. (Matthew 9:36)
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>When he saw the crowds, he had compassion for them, because they were troubled and discouraged. They were <u>like sheep without a shepherd</u>. (Matthew 9:36)
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Jesus compared the crowds of people to sheep without a shepherd. Sheep grow frightened when they do not have a good shepherd to lead them in safe places. The crowds were like that because they did not have good religious leaders.
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>See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>, so be as wise <u>as serpents</u> and harmless <u>as doves</u>. (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
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Jesus compared the crowds of people to sheep without a shepherd. Sheep grow frightened when they do not have a good shepherd to lead them in safe places. The crowds were like that because they did not have good religious leaders.
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>See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>, so be as wise <u>as serpents</u> and harmless <u>as doves</u>. (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
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Jesus compared his disciples to sheep and their enemies to wolves. Wolves attack sheep. Jesus' enemies would attack his disciples.
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>For the word of God is living and active and sharper <u>than any two-edged sword</u>. (Hebrews 4:12 ULB)
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ God's word is compared to a two-edged sword. A two-edged sword is a weapon that
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>Suffer hardship with me, <u>as a good soldier of Christ Jesus</u>. (2 Timothy 2:3 ULB)
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In this simile, Paul compares suffering with what soldiers endure, and he encourages Timothy to follow their example.
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>for <u>as the lightning appears when it flashes from one part of the sky to another part of the sky</u>, so will the Son of Man be in his day. (Luke 17:24 ULB)
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>... for <u>as the lightning shines brightly when it flashes from one part of the sky to another part of the sky</u>, so will the Son of Man be in his day. (Luke 17:24 ULB)
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This verse does not tell how the Son of Man will be like the lightning. But from the context we can understand from the verses before it that just as lighting flashes suddenly and everyone can see it, the Son of Man will come suddenly and everyone will be able to see him. No one will have to be told about it.
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@ -39,35 +39,35 @@ This verse does not tell how the Son of Man will be like the lightning. But from
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If people would understand the correct meaning of a simile, consider using it. If they would not, here are some strategies you can use:
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1. If people do not know how the two items are alike, tell how they are alike. However, do not do this if the meaning was not clear to the original audience.
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1. If people are not familiar with the item that something is compared to, use an item from your own culture. Be sure that it is one that could have been used in the cultures of the Bible.
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1. If people are not familiar with the item that something is compared to, use an item from your own culture. Be sure that it is one that could have been used in the cultures of the Bible.
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1. Simply describe the item without comparing it to another.
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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1. If people do not know how the two items are alike, tell how they are alike. However, do not do this if the meaning was not clear to the original audience.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - This compares the danger that Jesus' disciples would be in with the danger that sheep are in when they are surrounded by wolves.
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* See, I send <u>you out among wicked people</u> and you will be in danger from them <u>as sheep are in danger when they are among wolves</u>.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - This compares the danger that Jesus' disciples would be in with the danger that sheep are in when they are surrounded by wolves.
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* See, I send <u>you out among wicked people</u> and you will be in danger from them <u>as sheep are in danger when they are among wolves</u>.
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* **For the word of God is living and active and sharper <u>than any two-edged sword</u>.** (Hebrews 4:12 ULB)
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* For the word of God is living and active and <u>more powerful than a very sharp two-edged sword</u>
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* **For the word of God is living and active and sharper <u>than any two-edged sword</u>.** (Hebrews 4:12 ULB)
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* For the word of God is living and active and <u>more powerful than a very sharp two-edged sword</u>
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1. If people are not familiar with the item that something is compared to, use an item from your own culture. Be sure that it is one that could have been used in the cultures of the Bible.
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1. If people are not familiar with the item that something is compared to, use an item from your own culture. Be sure that it is one that could have been used in the cultures of the Bible.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>,** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - If people do not know what sheep and wolves are, or that wolves kill and eat sheep, you could use some other animal that kills another.
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* See, I send you out <u>as chickens in the midst of wild dogs</u>,
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>,** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - If people do not know what sheep and wolves are, or that wolves kill and eat sheep, you could use some other animal that kills another.
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* See, I send you out <u>as chickens in the midst of wild dogs</u>,
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* **How often did I long to gather your children together, just <u>as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings</u>, but you did not agree!** (Matthew 23:37 ULB)
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* How often I wanted to gather your children together, <u>as a mother closely watches over her infants</u>, but you refused!
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* **How often did I long to gather your children together, just <u>as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings</u>, but you were not willing!** (Matthew 23:37 ULB)
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* How often I wanted to gather your children together, <u>as a mother closely watches over her infants</u>, but you refused!
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* **If you have faith even as small <u>as a grain of mustard</u>,** (Matthew 17:20)
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* If you have faith even as small <u>as a tiny seed</u>,
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* **If you have faith even as small <u>as a grain of mustard seed</u> ...** (Matthew 17:20)
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* If you have faith even as small <u>as a tiny seed</u> ...
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1. Simply describe the item without comparing it to another.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>,** (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
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* See, I send you out and <u>people will want to harm you</u>.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>,** (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
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* See, I send you out and <u>people will want to harm you</u>.
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* **How often did I long to gather your children together, just <u>as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings</u>, but you did not agree!** (Matthew 23:37 ULB)
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* How often I wanted to <u>protect you</u>, but you refused!
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* **How often did I long to gather your children together, just <u>as a hen gathers her chickens under her wings</u>, but you were not willing!** (Matthew 23:37 ULB)
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* How often I wanted to <u>protect you</u>, but you refused!
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@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
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### Description
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Synecdoche is when a speaker uses a part of something to refer to the whole or uses the whole to refer to a part.
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><u>My soul</u> exalts the Lord. (Luke 1:46 ULB)
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><u>My soul</u> praises the Lord. (Luke 1:46 ULB)
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Mary was was very happy about what the Lord was doing, so she said "my soul," which means the inner, emotional part of herself, to refer to her whole self.
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><u>the Pharisees</u> said to him, "Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful ...?" (Mark 2:24 ULB)
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><u>The Pharisees</u> said to him, "Look, why are they doing something that is not lawful on the Sabbath day?" (Mark 2:24 ULB)
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The Pharisees who were standing there did not all say the same words at the same time. Instead, it is more likely that one man representing the group said those words.
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@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ If the synecdoche would be natural and give the right meaning in your language,
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1. State specifically what the synecdoche refers to.
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* **"<u>My soul</u> exalts the Lord."** (Luke 1:46 ULB)
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* "<u>I</u> exalt the Lord."
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* **"<u>My soul</u> praises the Lord."** (Luke 1:46 ULB)
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* "<u>I</u> praise the Lord."
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* **...<u>the Pharisees</u> said to him** (Mark 2:24 ULB)
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* ...<u>a representative of the Pharisees</u> said to him ...
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@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ In some languages people do not expect someone to say the same thing twice, even
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>Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path. (Psalm 119:105 ULB)
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Both parts of the sentences are metaphors saying that God's word teaches people how to live. The words "lamp" and "light" are similar in meaning because they refer to light, and the words "my feet" and "my path" are related, because they refer to a person walking.
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><u>Praise Yahweh</u>, all you nations; <u>exalt him</u>, all you peoples! (Psalm 117:1 ULB)
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><u>Praise Yahweh</u>, all you nations; <u>exalt him</u>, all you peoples. (Psalm 117:1 ULB)
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Both parts of this verse tell people everywhere to praise Yahweh. The words 'Praise' and 'exalt' mean the same thing, 'Yahweh' and 'him' refer to the same person, and 'all you nations' and 'all you peoples' refer to the same people.
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>For Yahweh has a <u>lawsuit with his people</u>, and he will <u>fight in court</u> against Israel. (Micah 6:2 ULB)
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>For Yahweh has a <u>lawsuit with his people</u>, and he will <u>fight in court against Israel</u>. (Micah 6:2 ULB)
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The two parts of this verse say that Yahweh has a serious disagreement with his people, Israel. These are not two different disagreements or two different groups of people.
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@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ If your language uses parallelism in the same way as the biblical languages, tha
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* **Until now you have <u>deceived me and told me lies</u>.** (Judges 16:13, ULB) - Delilah expressed this idea twice to emphasize that she was very upset.
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* Until now you have <u>deceived me with your lies</u>.
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* **Yahweh <u>sees everything a person does and watches all</u> the paths he takes.** (Proverbs 5:21 ULB) - The phrase "all the paths he takes" is a metaphor for "all he does."
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* Yahweh <u>pays attention to everything</u> a person does.
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* **Yahweh <u>sees</u> <u>everything a person does</u> and <u>watches</u> <u>all the paths he takes</u>.** (Proverbs 5:21 ULB) - The word "watches" us a synonym for "sees," and the phrase "all the paths he takes" is a metaphor for "all he does."
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* Yahweh <u>pays attention</u> to <u>everything a person does</u>.
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* **For Yahweh has a <u>lawsuit with his people</u>, and he will fight in court against Israel.** (Micah 6:2 ULB) - This parallelism describes one serious disagreement that Yahweh had with one group of people. If this is unclear, the phrases can be combined:
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* For Yahweh has a <u>lawsuit with his people</u>, Israel.
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@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ If your language uses parallelism in the same way as the biblical languages, tha
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1. If it appears that the clauses are used together to show that what they say is really true, you could include words that emphasize the truth such as "truly" or "certainly."
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* **Yahweh <u>sees everything</u> a person does and watches all the paths he takes.** (Proverbs 5:21 ULB)
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* Yahweh <u>truly sees</u> everything a person does.
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* Yahweh <u>truly sees everything</u> a person does.
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1. If it appears that the clauses are used together to intensify an idea in them, you could use words like "very," "completely" or "all."
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* **... you have deceived me <u>and</u> told me lies.** (Judges 16:13 ULB)
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* <u>All</u> you have done is lie to me.
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* ... <u>all</u> you have done is lie to me.
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* **Yahweh sees everything a person does <u>and</u> watches all the paths he takes.** (Proverbs 5:21 ULB)
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* Yahweh sees <u>absolutely everything</u> that a person does.
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