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# Ecclesiastes 01 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-11 and 15.
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### Tone
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The tone of this chapter is sad, or depressing. The author believes that everything in life is pointless. The metaphors in this chapter all describe the idea that nothing ever changes. This is also known as "fatalism." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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* __[Ecclesiastes intro](../front/intro.md)__
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__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 02 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:10-16.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Pleasures
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When the author thought about the pointlessness of life, he decided to fill it with pointless pleasures. He believed that this type of living would have no effect on the world. Therefore, he indulged in every type of pleasure.
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### Assumed knowledge
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It is assumed that the author is going to reject the way of living in this chapter. He is certainly not encouraging this way of living even though he does not say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 03 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:1-8 and 3:15.
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Parallelism
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The chapter uses parallelism with the phrase, "a time to." This gives the quotation a poetic style. Their overall purpose is to show that Yahweh directs the events of the world and therefore, they have purpose.
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 04 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:1-3, 4:5-6, and 4:8-12.
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Irony
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The teacher looks at the oppression in the world and is saddened by it, but he is the king and has the power to change things. He also laments being alone even though he has many wives, children, and concubines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 05 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 5:2-3, and 5:10-17.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Materialism
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The author describes the pointlessness of pursuing material things. This is known as "materialism." Those who pursue after things will always want more. At the end of their life, they will not be able to use these things.
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 06 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 6:7-11.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Satisfaction
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While a person may be given a great many things, they are worthless and provide no sense of satisfaction or peace. It is assumed that only Yahweh can provide these things to man. Solomon is depressed that he had everything he could have ever wanted in life, but they were not enough to give him satisfaction or peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 07 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:1-26.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 8:1 and 8:5-8.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Wisdom
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Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 9:2, 5-6, and 11-12.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Judgment
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This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 10 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in all of chapter 10.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in all of chapter 11.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 12 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:1-7 and 12:13-14.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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#### Yahweh
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At the end of a very impressive life, Solomon looks back and sees that the only real lasting thing in this world is Yahweh. The purpose of his life was to honor Yahweh, something he should have done far more throughout his life. Therefore, he felt that his life was wasted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __
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# Introduction to Ecclesiastes
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## Part 1: General Introduction
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### Outline of the Book of Ecclesiastes
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1. The author questions the nature of life and the limits of human wisdom (1:1–6:12)
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1. The author teaches about making wise choices in how one lives (7:1–12:7)
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1. The conclusion and ending (12:8–14)
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### What is the Book of Ecclesiastes about?
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Ecclesiastes is a group of short teachings that try to answer questions such as "What do people gain from all their labor?" Ecclesiastes is a series of thoughts about a variety of subjects, all of them about the purpose and worth of various actions and events. The author concludes that all the work we perform and all the knowledge and skill we gain is like a vapor that disappears, and that we must fear Yahweh and keep his commandments.
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### How should the title of this book be translated?
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The traditional title for this book is "Ecclesiastes." Its meaning is similar to "religious assembly." Translators might decide on a title that better describes the content of the book, such as "Words of a Teacher" or "Teachings of a Wise Man."
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### Who wrote the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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The author appears to be Solomon, "the Teacher, the descendant of David and king in Jerusalem." This is consistent with what Solomon was known for:
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* his wisdom ([Ecclesiastes 1:16](../../ecc/01/16.md) and twenty-six other references to wisdom);
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* his vast wealth ([Ecclesiastes 2:8](../../ecc/02/08.md)), and the pain that comes from wealth ([Ecclesiastes 5:13-14](../05/13.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../../ecc/04/08.md); and [Ecclesiastes 9:11](../../ecc/09/11.md));
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* his large number of servants ([Ecclesiastes 2:7](../../ecc/02/07.md) and [Ecclesiastes 10:7](../../ecc/10/07.md));
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* his limitless opportunities for worldly pleasures ([Ecclesiastes 2:1-2](../02/01.md), [Ecclesiastes 2:10](../02/10.md); [Ecclesiastes 3:13](../../ecc/03/13.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../../ecc/04/08.md); [Ecclesiastes 5:4](../../ecc/05/04.md); and [Ecclesiastes 12:1](../../ecc/12/01.md)); and
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* the wide range of his many building projects ([Ecclesiastes 2:4-6](../02/04.md)).
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Solomon appears to have written the Book of Ecclesiastes near the end of his life, as he reflected on what he gained from all that he did.
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### Why are there so many apparent contradictions in the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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Some scholars think the author was a faithful man. Other scholars think that the author made bad decisions and was sorrowful when he wrote this book. Apparent contradictions in the book may indicate that Solomon's faith was sometimes weak. Or, it is also possible that the teachings in the book differ from each other in order to relate to different things happening in the lives of readers.
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## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
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### What does this book teach about how God repays people?
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In the ancient Near East, people were concerned with why they were being punished or blessed. They often connected these things to their gods. The writer of Ecclesiastes explains that Yahweh will bless and reward people for the right things they do and punish people for the evil things they do. But this might not happen in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
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### What value did the Israelites place on the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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The Israelites have often questioned the value of this book. This is due in large part to its unusual wording and teachings. At times, it appears to disagree with the rest of Scripture. While many have questioned its authority, it has been affirmed to be Scripture. It gives valuable lessons concerning the uselessness of pursuing any goal other than to give Yahweh glory.
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## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
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### What is the meaning of "under the sun?"
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"Under the sun" here is another way of saying "on the earth." When the author says that there is "nothing new under the sun," this means that every kind of thing has already happened before on the earth. While a particular event may not have specifically occurred before, something similar has already occurred.
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### How do I translate harsh or shocking passages?
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Parts of the Book of Ecclesiastes can be shocking or surprising to read in Scripture. For example, "If a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, so that the days of his years are many, but if his heart is not satisfied with good and he is not buried with honor, then I say that a baby that is born dead is better off than he is" (6:3). The translator should allow these difficulties to remain and not try to make them less surprising.
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### How is life described in the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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The author of Ecclesiastes concludes that everything in this life quickly passes away, like a vapor that disappears. A person's circumstances or character and even all of the things of this world have little or no significance apart from God. That is because God gives meaning to everything.
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At the end of their life, people often say that the years of their life seemed short. The author of Ecclesiastes used the metaphor of vapor or breath to describe how life ends while it seems to be just beginning.
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# Song of Songs 01 General Notes
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Kisses
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The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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#### Love and affection
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This chapter is centered on the feelings of love, affection, and attraction. Different cultural standards may make translation difficult and the translator may use euphemisms to avoid offending people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Metaphors
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In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### "I am dark"
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In the ancient Near East, rich people usually had lighter skin because they did not need to work outside in the sun. This young woman had to work out in the sun, and her skin became darker than it was when she was younger.
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## Links:
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* __[Song of Songs 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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* __[Song of Songs intro](../front/intro.md)__
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__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
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# Song of Songs 02 General Notes
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Metaphor
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Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman's beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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#### Euphemisms
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It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
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## Links:
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* __[Song of Songs 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
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# Song of Songs 03 General Notes
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Longing
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This chapter describes a feeling of longing, or the waiting in anticipation of the one you love. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### Metaphors
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In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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## Links:
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* __[Song of Songs 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__
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# Song of Songs 04 General Notes
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Beauty
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The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty.
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### Metaphors
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In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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#### "My sister, my bride"
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The woman described is not the sister of her husband. They are not related. Instead, this is a reference to a woman who is a fellow Israelite.
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## Links:
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* __[Song of Songs 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__
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# Song of Songs 05 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Verses 2-7 describe a dream the woman had.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Beauty
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The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same standards of beauty.
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Metaphors
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In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### "My sister, my bride"
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The woman described is not the sister of her husband. They are not related. Instead, this is a reference to a woman who is a fellow Israelite.
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## Links:
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* __[Song of Songs 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__
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# Song of Songs 06 General Notes
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Beauty
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The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same standards of beauty.
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Metaphors
|
||||
In the ancient Near East, it was common to describe a woman using metaphors involving animals. In many cultures today, this can be considered offensive. Different metaphors of beauty are used in different cultures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Song of Songs 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
|||
# Song of Songs 07 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Beauty
|
||||
The woman is described as the epitome of beauty in ancient Israel. Not all cultures share the same the same standards of beauty.
|
||||
|
||||
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Similes
|
||||
There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the beauty of the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Song of Songs 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
|
|||
# Song of Songs 08 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Kisses
|
||||
The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
|
||||
|
||||
#### Passion
|
||||
The chapter describes the passion that can exist between a husband a wife. This is the feeling of strong or uncontrollable desire for another person.
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Song of Songs 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | __
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
|||
# Introduction to the Song of Songs
|
||||
|
||||
## Part 1: General Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
### Outline of the Song of Songs
|
||||
|
||||
1. The bride longs for the bridegroom to arrive (1:1–2:7)
|
||||
1. The bridegroom praises the woman he loves (2:8–3:5)
|
||||
1. The bridegroom arrives and praises the bride (3:6–5:1)
|
||||
1. The bride longs for the bridegroom (5:2–6:9)
|
||||
1. The bridegroom praises the beauty of his bride (6:1–8:4)
|
||||
1. Final thoughts about love between a man and a woman (8:5–14)
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the Song of Songs about?
|
||||
|
||||
The Song of Songs is a poem or a series of poems that celebrate love and intimacy between a man and a woman. Jews traditionally have interpreted the book as a picture of God's love for his people Israel. In the same way, many Christians interpret it as a picture of love between Christ and his bride, the church of all believers.
|
||||
|
||||
### Who wrote the Song of Songs?
|
||||
|
||||
The first verse of the book ("The Song of Songs, which is Solomon's") gives the idea that King Solomon of Israel wrote it. However, people have interpreted this verse in different ways, so not everyone is persuaded that Solomon wrote it.
|
||||
|
||||
### How should the title of this book be translated?
|
||||
|
||||
This book is traditionally titled "Song of Songs," which means the very best song, or "Song of Solomon." It may also be called "Songs of Love," "Great Poems of Love," or "The Love Songs of Solomon." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
|
||||
|
||||
### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in the Song of Songs?
|
||||
|
||||
The Song of Songs approves of sexual behavior expressing love between a husband his wife.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
|
||||
|
||||
### How many characters are in the Song of Songs?
|
||||
|
||||
The two main characters in this book are the man and the woman, who love each other. The woman also speaks to a group of women called the "daughters of Jerusalem," and these women make comments. However, it is possible that the group of women is not real and the woman is only imagining them. Some interpreters believe there may be more characters than these, but this is not certain.
|
||||
|
||||
The poem shows the thoughts and words of all these people. However, the author does not identify the speakers and their audience, so it is not always clear who the speaker and audience are. The Translation Notes give information about who they might be throughout the book.
|
||||
|
||||
### How should one translate the Song of Songs if the readers will view certain terms as coarse, vulgar, or improper?
|
||||
|
||||
Readers might consider many images or forms appearing in the Song of Songs as improper when translated. The translator should try to avoid offensive language if possible, by using expressions that will not cause offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
|
||||
|
||||
### How do I translate metaphors and similes in this book?
|
||||
|
||||
There are many metaphors and similes in this book. These figures of speech are often unclear. If they have sexual meanings, figures of speech describing feelings or emotions are often used to avoid offense by hiding their meaning. However, since their meanings are often unclear, ambiguity in translation is encouraged. You can translate the words as they are written in order to avoid committing to a specific meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
|
||||
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue