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# 1 Chronicles 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives the genealogies of Abraham, Esau and the early kings of Edom.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[1 Chronicles intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Judah, son of Jacob.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of King David.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the other descendants of Judah.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Jacob's sons who lived east of the Jordan River: Reuben, Gad and Manasseh.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Levi.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the descendants of Issachar, Benjamin, Ephraim, Asher, and Manasseh living west of the Jordan River.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the genealogy of Saul's family.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the genealogy of the people who returned to Jerusalem after the exile and the family of Saul.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The death of Saul
Saul died because he disobeyed God.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of David begins here and continues throughout the remainder of this book.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King David the military leader
David was made the king of all Israel and was the leader of their army. He conquered Jerusalem and strengthened its defenses. He had many brave men in his army that did great deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 12 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### "[They] could use both the right hand and the left"
These soldiers were very skilled. They were able to fight with either hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
#### King David
This chapter records all those who supported David as king over Saul. The extent of this record shows that there was nearly universal support for David.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 13 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ark of the covenant
David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 14 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
David asked for help from God and because of this, God enabled him to defeat the Philistines when they tried to capture him.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapters 15 and 16 explain how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 16 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Chapters 15 and 16 tell how David organized the priests and Levites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 16:8-36.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's psalm
As David organized the priests in their work in the tent, he wrote a psalm of praise to Yahweh.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 17 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Building the temple
David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 18 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's victories
David conquered all kingdoms neighboring Israel. The gold, silver and bronze he received from these victories, he saved for building the temple. This may indicate that he believed that the victories were because of Yahweh and therefore the goods received in victory belonged to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the story about the war against the Ammonites. This story continues in the first part of the next chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Insults
The young king of Ammon insulted David when he had David's servants shaved and cut off their garments. Knowing David was going to attack him for this, he hired mercenaries from Aram to help him. Israel was able to defeat the Aramean mercenaries.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story of the war with Ammon and tells of giants being killed by David's soldiers.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### "When kings normally go to war"
It was advantageous for kings to go to war in the springtime. This was possibly due to the weather being neither too hot nor too cold.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "It came about"
This is a phrase used to indicate the next event in a series. It can often be translated as "after," "then" or "next."
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust
To trust in one's own power instead of God's protection is a sin. David had been trusting God to protect him, but now he counted the men of military age so he could know the strength of his army. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a new section lasting for the remainder of the book. David begins preparing the things needed for building the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Solomon
In addition to preparing for the construction of the temple by gathering supplies, David also prepares his son, Solomon, to build the temple. David instructs Solomon to obey God. This is what is most necessary.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the construction of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Organizing the Levites
As priests, the Levites had a significant role in the construction of the temple. David organized the Levites according to their families and explained what each group was to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Arranging the priests
David arranged for the order in which priests would be on duty. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 25 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Music
The 24 groups who were chosen to play music in the temple cast lots to see in what order they would serve.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 26 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Casting lots
The gatekeepers cast lots to see which gate they would guard. Those who took care of the storage also cast lots.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 27 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 28 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple continues in this chapter. David lectured the people and Solomon on what they should do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's instructions
David gives instructions to the people because he knows that he will not be there when the temple is built. It was common in the ancient Near East for leaders to give instructions to people before they die in preparation or anticipation of their death.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__

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# 1 Chronicles 29 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The preparation for the temple is finished in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Offering
David and the people made a free will offering and dedicated it all to God.
## Links:
* __[1 Chronicles 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../28/intro.md) | __

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# Introduction to 1 Chronicles
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 1 Chronicles
1. Lists of descendants (1:1-9:44)
- From Adam to Jacob (1:12:2)
- Jacob's descendants (2:29:44)
1. Saul dies and David begins to reign (10:1-29:30)
- Saul dies (10:114)
- David captures Jerusalem (11:1-9)
- David's mighty men (11:1012:40)
- David prospers (13:122:1)
- David prepares for Solomon to build the temple (22:229:30)
### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Chronicles about?
The Book of 1 Chronicles retells the line of descendants from Adam to Saul. It then gives the history of Israel during the time of David. The Book of 2 Chronicles gives the history of Israel beginning with Solomon. It ends when the Babylonian army attacks Judah and takes some of the people to Babylon. The writers of Chronicles probably wrote these books for the Jews who returned from exile in Babylon. The purpose was to teach the people to avoid disobeying God as their ancestors did.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators can use the traditional title "1 Chronicles" or "First Chronicles." You may also call this book "The Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel, Book 1" or "The First Book of the Events of the Kings of Judah and Israel."
### Who wrote 1 and 2 Chronicles?
The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles are unknown. They mention that they used other books when writing Chronicles. The names of these other books are "The Chronicles of Samuel the Seer," "The Chronicles of Nathan the Seer," "The Chronicles of Gad the Seer," "The History of Nathan the Prophet," "The Chronicles of Shemaiah the Prophet and Iddo," "The Story of the Prophet Iddo" and "The books of the kings of Judah and Israel."
### Why are there multiple books that give the history of the kings of Israel?
The books of Chronicles and the books of Kings tell much of the same history, but they are not exactly the same. The writers of Chronicles wrote mostly about the kings of Judah who were faithful to Yahweh and his covenant. The writers wanted the Jews to think carefully about David and Solomon. They also wanted the Jews to think about how Jehoshaphat, Hezekiah, and Josiah caused their ancestors to repent and to worship Yahweh. The writers wanted to encourage the Jews and their leaders to obey the law and to honor God's covenant with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Why did God punish the people of Israel?
God punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped false gods. God punished them with disease, disasters, and defeat in battle. However, God forgave them and caused them to prosper again if they repented and obeyed him. The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles continually reminded the readers that God punished his people because they disobeyed. They wanted the readers to understand that they must obey God.
### Why are alliances with foreign countries seen as evil in these books?
Yahweh led and protected the nation of Israel. The people of Israel should have trusted him instead of relying on other nations to protect them.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah.
### What does it mean to "seek God"?
The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles often wrote about "seeking God." To "seek God" means to make an effort to please and honor God. It can also mean to ask God for help. It does not imply that God is hidden. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?
The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25.

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# 2 Kings 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
2 Kings is a continuation of 1 Kings.
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's sovereignty
God is in control of the future. King Ahaziah sent messengers to ask the Philistine god if he would recover from his fall, but this god does not know the future. Because he asked another god instead of Yahweh, Elijah sent the messengers to tell Ahaziah that he would not recover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical question
Elijah rebuked the king with a rhetorical question: "Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are going to consult with Baal Zebub, the god of Ekron?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[2 Kings intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story of Elijah and begins the story of Elisha.
### Special concepts in this chapter
Elisha replaces Elijah as the chief prophet of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elisha continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Victory and defeat
God is in control of victory and defeat. The armies of Israel, Judah and Edom united to attack Moab from the desert for failure to pay tribute. When they ran out of water, they were in desperate condition. Therefore, they asked Elisha (the prophet of God) what to do and he said God would give them water and victory over Moab. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
They described Elisha with the idiom, "who poured water on the hands of Elijah," meaning "who served Elijah." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Anger
It is said that, "Anger came on Israel." It is not clear who was angry or why they were angry.
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elisha continues with a group of stories about the miracles Elisha did. (See: [2 Kings 4-6](./01.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Widow
Elisha helps a widow financially, and he correctly prophesies that a barren woman would conceive and have a baby by the next year. Later, when that child dies, Elisha miraculously causes him to come back to life. Also, Elisha causes a poisonous food to no longer be harmful, and he miraculously feeds 100 people with only 20 loaves of bread.
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Impossible actions
Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that was sent to arrest him. When the king of Aram besieged the capital of Israel, the people became so hungry they started eating their children. Elisha told the king of Israel that there would be plenty of food the next day, but the king's counselor said it was impossible.
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fear
God caused the army of Aram to hear the sound of an enormous army approaching so they all ran away leaving all their food behind.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical question
The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The stories of of Elisha's miracles continue in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Kings
Elisha told Hazael that he would be king of Aram. Jehoram became king of Judah. He was evil so Edom and Libna revolted and chose their own kings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The life of Elisha continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### King Jehu
Elisha told a young prophet to go and tell Jehu that God had made him the new king. Jehu killed the kings of both Israel and Judah and Jezebel, the mother of the king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
God's prophecy against the family of Ahab was fulfilled. Jehu killed all of Ahab's descendants and all the worshipers of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the beginning of the story of the spiritual revival in Judah under Joash. The people returned to properly worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Athaliah's evil actions
The mother of the king of Judah, Athaliah, killed all the royal children so that she could rule. She was not able to kill the baby Joash because his aunt hid him in the temple. When Joash was seven years old, the chief priest conspired with the army and made Joash king. They killed Athaliah and destroyed the temple of Baal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the end of the story of the revival in Judah under Joash.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Temple
Joash repaired the temple. In many ways, the temple represents the relationship between the people and Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the last chapter about Elisha.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Elisha's death
The king of Israel is upset when Elisha is dying. Elisha assures him that he will have three victories over Aram.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The king compares the protection that Elisha had given Israel to "The chariot of Israel and the horsemen." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The text begins to alternate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah again.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pride
Pride in one's success can make a person attempt and fail at something else. Amaziah defeated Edom so he wanted to fight Israel. But Israel defeated him and thoroughly humiliated him.
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 15 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel's evil
Israel assassinated one king after another. The Assyrians began attacking Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ahaz
Ahaz was a wicked king. Israel and Aram united to fight against him, so he paid the Assyrian king to attack Aram. Assyria defeated the people of Aram and took them into captivity. The people were to trust in Yahweh and not rely on military alliances with other Gentile nations. This showed a lack of trust in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter ends the story about the kingdom of Israel and continues with Judah alone.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Idol worship
Israel continued to worship idols, so God punished them by allowing Assyria to conquer them and take them away. Assyria brought people from other lands and settled them in what used to be Israel's territory and the new people worshiped their own gods in addition to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of Hezekiah, one of the great kings of Judah (2 Kings 1820). Because he was so important, there is more space dedicated to the history of his reign.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Trust in Yahweh
Hezekiah trusted and obeyed God. He stopped paying tribute to Assyria so the Assyrians invaded Judah. The Assyrian king told the people of Judah that resistance was useless. Despite this, Hezekiah trusted in the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Hezekiah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's power
God is in control of everything. God caused the Assyrian king to fail in conquering Jerusalem because he mocked God.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
"The virgin daughter of Zion" here is an idiom meaning the people of Jerusalem. "The virgin daughter of Zion despises you and laughs you to scorn" means that "the people of Jerusalem know that Assyria will fail because they have mocked God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter finishes the story of Hezekiah.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Hezekiah's additional time
God hears the distressed call of his faithful believers. Hezekiah was dying but when he prayed, God gave him 15 more years of life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's judgment
God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Simile
"I will wipe Jerusalem clean, as a man wipes a dish, wiping it and turning it upside down" means "God would completely destroy Jerusalem." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under King Josiah. A revival occurs when the people begin to worship Yahweh properly again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The law
The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Josiah ends in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Ending idolatry
Josiah destroyed idolatry in Judah and in the deserted areas of Israel. But he fought against Egypt and was killed in battle. After his death, Egypt set up a government of Judah that it controlled.
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 24 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
These last two chapters are the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's punishment
God punished Judah because of their sin. The Babylonians conquer Jerusalem and carry away all the craftsmen, soldiers and wealthy. They make Zedekiah the king. He was not truly a king because he lacked absolute authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__

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# 2 Kings 25 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the final defeat of Judah and the beginning of their exile to Babylon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Zedekiah's revolt
Zedekiah revolted against the Babylonians, so they came and completely destroyed Jerusalem. They tore down the city walls and took the rest of the people to Babylon as slaves, except the very poorest people remained.
## Links:
* __[2 Kings 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../24/intro.md) | __

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# Introduction to 2 Kings
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 2 Kings
1. The prophets Elijah and Elisha (1:1-8:15)
- Elijah brings Yahweh's judgment onto King Ahaziah (1:118)
- Elijah goes to heaven and Elisha replaces him (2:125)
- Elisha defends the northern kingdom against Moab (3:127)
- Elisha performs various miracles (4:144)
- Elisha heals Naaman the Syrian (5:127)
- Elisha acts in time of war against Syria (6:17:20)
- Elisha's reputation and prophecy about Hazael (8:115)
1. The history of Judah and Israel from Kings Jehoram and Joram to the fall of Israel (8:1617:41)
1. The history of Judah from King Hezekiah to the fall of Judah (18:125:30)
### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about?
These books are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died.
In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem ([2 Kings 2223](../../2ki/22/01.md)). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked.
The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew. They were separated into two books when translated into Greek. Translators might choose more meaningful titles such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings."
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What is the purpose of 1 and 2 Kings?
These books were probably finished during the exile, after the Babylonians had destroyed the temple. They show how being faithful to Yahweh results in his blessing and prospering his people. Worshipping idols and not being faithful result in their being punished and destroyed.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly?
In the Bible, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. Indirectly addressing people in this way was intended to honor the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way. But a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position.
### What does the king "did what was right (or) evil in the eyes of Yahweh" mean?
The writer repeats this kind of expression throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Here "in the eyes of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh thinks about someone. If a king was faithful and obeyed the covenant, he did what was right according to Yahweh. If he was not faithful and disobeyed the covenant, he did what was evil according to Yahweh.
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed Jacob's name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
### What does the phrase "to this day" mean?
This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 2 Kings 2:22; 8:22; 10:27; 14:7; 16:6; 17:23, 34, 41.
### Can I translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings?
The Book of 1 Kings should be translated before 2 Kings, since 2 Kings continues from where 1 Kings ends.