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# Ecclesiastes 01 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-11 and 15.
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### Tone
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The tone of this chapter is sad, or depressing. The author believes that everything in life is pointless. The metaphors in this chapter all describe the idea that nothing ever changes. This is also known as "fatalism." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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* __[Ecclesiastes intro](../front/intro.md)__
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__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 02 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:10-16.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Pleasures
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When the author thought about the pointlessness of life, he decided to fill it with pointless pleasures. He believed that this type of living would have no effect on the world. Therefore, he indulged in every type of pleasure.
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### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
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#### Assumed knowledge
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It is assumed that the author is going to reject the way of living in this chapter. He is certainly not encouraging this way of living even though he does not say this explicitly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 03 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:1-8 and 3:15.
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Parallelism
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The chapter uses parallelism with the phrase, "a time to." This gives the quotation a poetic style. Their overall purpose is to show that Yahweh directs the events of the world and therefore, they have purpose.
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 04 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:1-3, 4:5-6, and 4:8-12.
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Irony
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The teacher looks at the oppression in the world and is saddened by it, but he is the king and has the power to change things. He also laments being alone even though he has many wives, children, and concubines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 05 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 5:2-3, and 5:10-17.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Materialism
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The author describes the pointlessness of pursuing material things. This is known as "materialism." Those who pursue after things will always want more. At the end of their life, they will not be able to use these things.
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 06 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 6:7-11.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Satisfaction
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While a person may be given a great many things, they are worthless and provide no sense of satisfaction or peace. It is assumed that only Yahweh can provide these things to man. Solomon is depressed that he had everything he could have ever wanted in life, but they were not enough to give him satisfaction or peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 07 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:1-26.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 08 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 8:1 and 8:5-8.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Wisdom
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Solomon, known for his wisdom, gives a detailed description of wisdom. True wisdom is seeking to honor God. This is the only thing that lasts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 09 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 9:2, 5-6, and 11-12.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Judgment
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This chapter explains that there is one thing that awaits all people: judgment. When people die, they will all face Yahweh's judgment. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 10 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in all of chapter 10.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 11 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in all of chapter 11.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__
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# Ecclesiastes 12 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:1-7 and 12:13-14.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Advice
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This chapter gives a series of disconnected pieces of advice. Translators should not try to smooth the transitions between these pieces of advice. The advice in these statements do not apply in every situation. Therefore, they should be seen as "good ideas."
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#### Yahweh
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At the end of a very impressive life, Solomon looks back and sees that the only real lasting thing in this world is Yahweh. The purpose of his life was to honor Yahweh, something he should have done far more throughout his life. Therefore, he felt that his life was wasted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
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## Links:
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* __[Ecclesiastes 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../11/intro.md) | __
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# Introduction to Ecclesiastes
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## Part 1: General Introduction
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### Outline of the Book of Ecclesiastes
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1. The author questions the nature of life and the limits of human wisdom (1:1–6:12)
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1. The author teaches about making wise choices in how one lives (7:1–12:7)
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1. The conclusion and ending (12:8–14)
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### What is the Book of Ecclesiastes about?
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Ecclesiastes is a group of short teachings that try to answer questions such as "What do people gain from all their labor?" Ecclesiastes is a series of thoughts about a variety of subjects, all of them about the purpose and worth of various actions and events. The author concludes that all the work we perform and all the knowledge and skill we gain is like a vapor that disappears, and that we must fear Yahweh and keep his commandments.
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### How should the title of this book be translated?
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The traditional title for this book is "Ecclesiastes." Its meaning is similar to "religious assembly." Translators might decide on a title that better describes the content of the book, such as "Words of a Teacher" or "Teachings of a Wise Man."
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### Who wrote the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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The author appears to be Solomon, "the Teacher, the descendant of David and king in Jerusalem." This is consistent with what Solomon was known for:
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* his wisdom ([Ecclesiastes 1:16](../../ecc/01/16.md) and twenty-six other references to wisdom);
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* his vast wealth ([Ecclesiastes 2:8](../../ecc/02/08.md)), and the pain that comes from wealth ([Ecclesiastes 5:13-14](../05/13.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../../ecc/04/08.md); and [Ecclesiastes 9:11](../../ecc/09/11.md));
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* his large number of servants ([Ecclesiastes 2:7](../../ecc/02/07.md) and [Ecclesiastes 10:7](../../ecc/10/07.md));
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* his limitless opportunities for worldly pleasures ([Ecclesiastes 2:1-2](../02/01.md), [Ecclesiastes 2:10](../02/10.md); [Ecclesiastes 3:13](../../ecc/03/13.md); [Ecclesiastes 4:8](../../ecc/04/08.md); [Ecclesiastes 5:4](../../ecc/05/04.md); and [Ecclesiastes 12:1](../../ecc/12/01.md)); and
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* the wide range of his many building projects ([Ecclesiastes 2:4-6](../02/04.md)).
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Solomon appears to have written the Book of Ecclesiastes near the end of his life, as he reflected on what he gained from all that he did.
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### Why are there so many apparent contradictions in the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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Some scholars think the author was a faithful man. Other scholars think that the author made bad decisions and was sorrowful when he wrote this book. Apparent contradictions in the book may indicate that Solomon's faith was sometimes weak. Or, it is also possible that the teachings in the book differ from each other in order to relate to different things happening in the lives of readers.
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## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
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### What does this book teach about how God repays people?
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In the ancient Near East, people were concerned with why they were being punished or blessed. They often connected these things to their gods. The writer of Ecclesiastes explains that Yahweh will bless and reward people for the right things they do and punish people for the evil things they do. But this might not happen in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
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### What value did the Israelites place on the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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The Israelites have often questioned the value of this book. This is due in large part to its unusual wording and teachings. At times, it appears to disagree with the rest of Scripture. While many have questioned its authority, it has been affirmed to be Scripture. It gives valuable lessons concerning the uselessness of pursuing any goal other than to give Yahweh glory.
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## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
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### What is the meaning of "under the sun?"
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"Under the sun" here is another way of saying "on the earth." When the author says that there is "nothing new under the sun," this means that every kind of thing has already happened before on the earth. While a particular event may not have specifically occurred before, something similar has already occurred.
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### How do I translate harsh or shocking passages?
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Parts of the Book of Ecclesiastes can be shocking or surprising to read in Scripture. For example, "If a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, so that the days of his years are many, but if his heart is not satisfied with good and he is not buried with honor, then I say that a baby that is born dead is better off than he is" (6:3). The translator should allow these difficulties to remain and not try to make them less surprising.
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### How is life described in the Book of Ecclesiastes?
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The author of Ecclesiastes concludes that everything in this life quickly passes away, like a vapor that disappears. A person's circumstances or character and even all of the things of this world have little or no significance apart from God. That is because God gives meaning to everything.
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At the end of their life, people often say that the years of their life seemed short. The author of Ecclesiastes used the metaphor of vapor or breath to describe how life ends while it seems to be just beginning.
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# Proverbs 01 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### Parallelism
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Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
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## Links:
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* __[Proverbs 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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* __[Proverbs intro](../front/intro.md)__
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__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__
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# Proverbs 02 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### My Son
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Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
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## Links:
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* __[Proverbs 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__
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# Proverbs 03 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### My Son
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Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
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#### Wisdom is feminine
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You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
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## Links:
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* __[Proverbs 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__
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# Proverbs 04 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### My Son
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Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
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#### Wisdom is feminine
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You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
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## Links:
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* __[Proverbs 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__
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# Proverbs 05 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### My Son
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Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
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#### Adulteress
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This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
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## Links:
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* __[Proverbs 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__
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# Proverbs 06 General Notes
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### Structure and formatting
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Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
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### Special concepts in this chapter
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#### My Son
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Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
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#### Adulteress
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The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
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#### Numbers
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Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.
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### Important figures of speech in this chapter
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#### Rhetorical questions
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|
||||
The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader's attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
|
||||
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Animals used as types
|
||||
|
||||
The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 07 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Parallelism
|
||||
|
||||
Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
|
||||
Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.
|
||||
|
||||
#### My Son
|
||||
|
||||
Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to "my son." This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Adulteress
|
||||
|
||||
This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 08 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit than many of the following chapters in this book.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Wisdom calls out
|
||||
|
||||
The addressee of this chapter is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 09 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Wisdom calls out
|
||||
|
||||
The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than "my son," but is personal like the previous chapters' use of "my son." In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 10 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 11 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 12 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 13 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 14 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 15 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 16 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### King and royalty
|
||||
|
||||
Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 17 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 18 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 19 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 20 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 21 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 22 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the "Wise Men." The exact identity of the men is unknown.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
|
||||
#### Rhetorical questions
|
||||
|
||||
With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 23 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 24 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
The second half of this chapter finishes the section.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Lazy man story
|
||||
|
||||
Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 25 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 26 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
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__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__
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@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
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# Proverbs 27 General Notes
|
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|
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### Structure and formatting
|
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|
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Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
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|
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## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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|
||||
__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__
|
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|
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|
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@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
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# Proverbs 28 General Notes
|
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|
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### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 29 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
|
||||
There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 30 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
#### Agur
|
||||
|
||||
His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means "gatherer" and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Three things and four
|
||||
|
||||
From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like "small and yet wise." The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
The sayings of Agur address several themes including the wisdom of God compared to human wisdom (30:1-6), wicked people (30:11-14), things that are never satisfied (30:15-16), things too amazing for Agur to understand (30:18-19), things that are small but wise (30:24-28), and things that walk in a strong and proud way (30:29-31).
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Proverbs 31 General Notes
|
||||
|
||||
### Structure and formatting
|
||||
|
||||
Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
|
||||
|
||||
#### King Lemuel
|
||||
|
||||
This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.
|
||||
|
||||
### Special concepts in this chapter
|
||||
|
||||
#### An acrostic poem
|
||||
|
||||
Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Themes
|
||||
King Lemuel advice to his son addresses themes of avoiding drinks with alcohol and of being fair and righteous (31:1-9). The final section about the godly wife addresses several themes, including the great value of a godly wife (30:10-12), her hard work (31:13-19), her generosity (31:20), her care for her family (31:21-23), and her dignity, wisdom, and fear of the Lord (31:25-31).
|
||||
|
||||
## Links:
|
||||
|
||||
* __[Proverbs 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__
|
||||
|
||||
__[<<](../30/intro.md) | __
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
|
|||
# Introduction to Proverbs
|
||||
|
||||
## Part 1: General Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
### Outline of Proverbs
|
||||
|
||||
1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:1–7)
|
||||
1. Collection of teachings (1:8–9:18)
|
||||
1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:1–22:16)
|
||||
1. Words of wise men (22:17–24:22)
|
||||
1. More words of wise men (24:23–34)
|
||||
1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:1–29:27)
|
||||
1. The words of Agur (30:1–33)
|
||||
1. The words of Lemuel (31:1–9)
|
||||
1. A good wife praised (31:10–31)
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the book of Proverbs about?
|
||||
|
||||
A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.
|
||||
|
||||
The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-proverbs]])
|
||||
|
||||
### How should the title of this book be translated?
|
||||
|
||||
The title of this book is often translated as "Proverbs." A more general translation would be "Words for Wise People," "Words that Give Wisdom," or something similar.
|
||||
|
||||
### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?
|
||||
|
||||
Proverbs begins with the words, "The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel." But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.
|
||||
|
||||
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
|
||||
|
||||
### What is meant by "wisdom" and "foolishness" in the Book of Proverbs?
|
||||
|
||||
"Wisdom" means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain one's honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called "foolish." For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])
|
||||
|
||||
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
|
||||
|
||||
### What form do the individual proverbs have?
|
||||
|
||||
Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are "parallel" to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
|
||||
|
||||
### How should personification be represented in translation?
|
||||
|
||||
In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
|
||||
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue