WA_Training
/
ur_jol_tn
2
0
Fork 0
Files Issues Pull Requests Releases Wiki Activity See in Reader

Added folder structure

This commit is contained in:
theologyjohn 2021-05-24 14:35:22 -04:00
parent de148b15ec
commit 2c988f125e
48 changed files with 484 additions and 522 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

25
1ki/01/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
# 1 Kings 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
1 Kings is a continuation of 2 Samuel.
This chapter records the beginning of the reign of Solomon (chapters 1-11) after the death of David.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The next king
David did not announce who was to succeed him. Because of this, there was fighting between David's sons over who should be king. Adonijah invited guests to a banquet and declared himself king. Then those favoring Solomon told David and he declared Solomon the new king.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
Several times in this chapter, the people use the idiom "sit on the throne" to mean "be king." Solomon assures Adonijah that if he behaves himself "not a hair of his will fall to the earth," meaning "he will not be harmed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[1 Kings intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

28
1ki/02/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
# 1 Kings 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories: David's last advice to Solomon and Solomon's punishment of those who supported Adonijah and also Shimei, who had cursed David when David was fleeing from Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Exalting oneself
Exalting oneself can lead to disaster as when Adonijah made himself king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Euphemism
David spoke of his impending death using a euphemism: "I am going the way of all the earth." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Parallelism
David wanted to emphasize the importance of obeying God to his son Solomon. He used parallelism, saying the same thing seven times using different words: "Keep the commands of Yahweh your God to walk in his ways, to obey his statutes, his commandments, his decisions, and his covenant decrees, being careful to do what is written in the law of Moses." Some languages have other ways of emphasizing an idea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

21
1ki/03/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
# 1 Kings 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories. Verses 1-15 is the story of Solomon's dream when God asked him what he wanted and he said he needed wisdom to be a good and fair ruler. Verses 16-28 is the story of a court case showing Solomon's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Wisdom
God was very pleased with Solomon's request for wisdom. This is because wisdom was something that he could use to serve other people instead of himself. Because this was a noble request, God promised Solomon wisdom, wealth, and fame. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
#### Putting the needs of others first
There are two additional examples of people putting the needs of others in front of their own needs. God is pleased with people wanting to do their job well more than wanting to be blessed. A mother will put the life of her child above every other concern. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

11
1ki/04/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# 1 Kings 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter names the important people in Solomon's government and shows the extent of his kingdom.
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

16
1ki/05/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# 1 Kings 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the description of the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Building the temple
Building the temple took a lot of work and cooperation. King Hiram of Tyre provided lumber for building the temple in exchange for wheat and olive oil. Solomon also had many people cutting rocks for the walls of the temple.
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

17
1ki/06/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# 1 Kings 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The building of the temple continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Building the temple
Solomon built the temple in seven years. The outside walls were made of rock. Solomon shaped the rocks for the wall in the quarry and then assembled them at the temple site. The inside was covered with wood. Inside the temple was a room covered by gold, which was the Most Holy Place where the ark was housed under statues of angels. It represented the presence of God.
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

20
1ki/07/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
# 1 Kings 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has a description of the palace Solomon built and the materials used in the temple courtyard. It is the last chapter about the building of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Bronze
Solomon hired a man from Tyre who was good at casting things out of bronze. The bronze objects were made by hollowing out the shape of the object in clay and then pouring in the hot melted liquid bronze and letting it cool. He made two large pillars and a large water reservoir set on the backs of 12 bronze cows. He made all the instruments for use in the sacrifices outside the temple. He made the furnishing inside the temple out of gold.
#### The temple and the palace
Solomon spent 13 years building a palace for himself that was much bigger than the temple. It is significant that the house of Solomon was much larger than the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

22
1ki/08/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# 1 Kings 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The ark is placed in the new temple. This is a very significant event in the history of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Celebration of the temple's completion
When the temple was finished, Solomon told all of the people to come to Jerusalem. They took the ark out of the tent and brought it to the temple. Then Solomon prayed that God would hear and answer prayers made to him when they faced towards the temple.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
Solomon prayed that God would respond to people's prayers using an idiom: "that your eyes may be open to the request of your servant." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

22
1ki/09/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# 1 Kings 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
There are two parts to this chapter. Verses 1–9 is a dream in which God warned Solomon that he and his descendants were not to worship idols. If they did this, the temple would be destroyed. Verses 10–28 is about Solomon's extensive building and his partnership with Hiram, king of Tyre. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Worship only Yahweh
Yahweh alone must be worshiped. It is necessary for people to stay faithful to God and not worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
'Walk" is a common image in Scripture. It is said, "if you walk before me as David your father walked." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/walk]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

16
1ki/10/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# 1 Kings 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
There are two parts to this chapter: The fame of Solomon's wisdom and the wealth of his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
==Queen of Sheba ==
King Solomon became so famous for his wisdom that the queen of Sheba (modern day Yemen) came all the way to see him and was deeply impressed. God promised him great wealth and he became famously rich. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

16
1ki/11/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# 1 Kings 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Solomon. (Chapters 1-11)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Intermarriage with Gentiles
God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

26
1ki/12/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
# 1 Kings 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### Civil war
This chapter explains how the united kingdom of Israel was split into the two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. This is sometimes called a "civil war."
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel splits
God's warning to Solomon came true. In spite of his famous wealth, Solomon had over-taxed his own people and forced them to work for free. When the people requested that King Rehoboam reduce taxes and forced labor, he said that he would be harsher than his father. This caused the 10 northern tribes to revolt and appoint Jeroboam as their king. These northern tribes are now called the kingdom of Israel. Only Judah and Benjamin stayed with Rehoboam. They are called Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]])
#### Jeroboam introduces calf worship
Jeroboam made a terrible mistake. He was afraid that if the people continued to go to Jerusalem to worship in the temple, they would want to return to Rehoboam as their king. So he made two shrines with calves made of gold for the people to worship. This eventually caused the destruction of his whole family. The kingdom of Israel continued worshiping the idols until they were taken slaves by the Assyrians. The northern tribes were unable to truly worship Yahweh without going to Jerusalem in the kingdom of Judah.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

17
1ki/13/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# 1 Kings 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two parts: The young prophet's warning to Jeroboam (1-10) and the old prophet's deception (11-34). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Obeying God
People should do what God tells them to do and not what other people tell them is God's will for them. The story of the young prophet and the old prophet is an example of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

20
1ki/14/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
# 1 Kings 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter has two stories. One is the death of Jeroboam's son (1-18). The other is the reign of Rehoboam (20-31) .
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The death of Jeroboam's son
God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
#### Rehoboam's reign
When Solomon obeyed God, God made him very rich. When the people of Judah began to worship the fertility goddess, Ashtoreth, and to do many evil things, they had to give all of their wealth to the king of Egypt to persuade him not to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

17
1ki/15/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# 1 Kings 15 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
Judah had some bad kings and some good kings. All of the kings in Israel continued to worship the golden calves, so they were all considered to be bad. Judah and Israel continually fought each other.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "But the shrines were not taken away."
At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign, it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

13
1ki/16/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
# 1 Kings 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Incorrect worship
The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

17
1ki/17/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# 1 Kings 17 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the beginning of the story of Elijah. (1 Kings 17 – 2 Kings 2)
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Baal worship
Ahab had introduced the worship of Baal, the god people thought brought rain, to Israel. Because of this, God caused a drought. Elijah told Ahab that it would not rain or dew until he, Elijah, said so. Elijah had to hide so Ahab would not kill him for bringing the drought. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

22
1ki/18/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# 1 Kings 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Baal
God proved himself to all the people of Israel. Elijah went to meet Ahab. He told Ahab to bring the 450 prophets of Baal and all the people to Mount Carmel. Then he proposed an experiment, which was carried out. The prophets of Baal took one bull, killed it, cut it up, and placed it on wood on an altar without lighting the fire. The prophets of Baal danced and prayed to Baal all morning and half the afternoon. After they were exhausted, Elijah built his altar, put the bull he had prepared on it, and drenched it with water. Then he prayed. God answered his prayer with fire that burned up the sacrifice, the altar and the water. Then Elijah told the people to seize the prophets of Baal and kill them. After that, Elijah prayed for rain, and it rained very hard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Humor
Elijah insults the false god Baal. He states, "Perhaps he is thinking, or is relieving himself, or he is traveling on a journey, or perhaps he is sleeping and must be awakened." Baal was too busy in the bathroom to answer the prophets. "Relieving himself" is a euphemism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-euphemism]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

16
1ki/19/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# 1 Kings 19 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
The queen was angry that Elijah had killed her prophets of Baal. She promised to kill Elijah. Elijah fled south into the desert south of Judah. He traveled on to Mount Horeb also known as Mount Sinai, the mountain of God. God asked him why he was there. He said he had come to Mount Horeb because Israel had deserted God, killed his prophets, and wanted to kill him. God sent him home to make Hazael the king of Aram, Jehu the king of Israel, and Elisha as the prophet in his place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

22
1ki/20/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# 1 Kings 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is a story of two battles between Aram and Israel.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Battle
God had chosen to defeat Ben Hadad, king of Aram. So when he attacked Samaria with a huge army, the tiny army of Israel defeated him. The people of Aram said that Yahweh was the god of the hills, but they could defeat Israel on the plains. So they came again but Israel defeated them again. Then Ben Hadad offered a peace plan and Ahab accepted. But God had wanted him to kill Ben Hadad and was angry at Ahab for making peace with him.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Simile
There were so few Israel soldiers that they were "like two little flocks of goats." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

16
1ki/21/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
# 1 Kings 21 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The story of Elijah continues in this chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

21
1ki/22/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
# 1 Kings 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the end of the story of Ahab and a continuation of the story of Elijah as he had predicted Ahab's death and the dogs licking his blood.
### Special concepts in this chapter
When God has decided a person will die, then they cannot avoid death. Ahab persuaded Jehoshaphat, king of Judah to help him in a battle against the army of Aram. Ahab's false prophets all told him to go because he would be successful. But a randomly shot arrow hit him and he bled to death. They washed his chariot at the pool and the dogs licked up his blood, just as Elijah had said they would. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "However, the shrines were still not taken away. The people were still sacrificing and burning incense at the shrines."
At the shrines, the people worshiped Yahweh. But later, during Hezekiah's reign it was decided that all sacrifices must be made only at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
## Links:
* __[1 Kings 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | __

63
1ki/front/intro.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
# Introduction to 1 Kings
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 1 Kings
1. David dies and Solomon begins to reign (1:1-2:46)
1. Solomon reigns (3:1–11:43)
- Solomon becomes wise and wealthy (3:1–4:43)
- Solomon's temple (5:1–8:66)
- Rise and fall of Solomon (9:1–11:43)
1. The kingdom divides (12:1-14:31)
- Rehoboam succeeds Solomon (12:1–24)
- Jeroboam rules the northern kingdom of Israel (12:25–33)
- Ahijah prophesies against Jeroboam (13:1–14:20)
- Rehoboam's end (14:21–31)
1. Kings and events in Israel and Judah (15:1-22:53)
- Abijah and Asa in Judah (15:1–24)
- Nadab in Israel (15:25–32)
- Baasha in Israel (15:33–16:7)
- Elah in Israel (16:8–14)
- Zimri in Israel (16:15–22)
- Omri in Israel (16:23–28)
- Ahab in Israel (16:29–22:40)
- Jehoshaphat in Judah (22:41–50)
- Ahaziah in Israel (22:51–53)
### What are the Books of 1 and 2 Kings about?
These books are about what happened to the people of Israel, from the time of King Solomon to the time both the northern and southern kingdoms were destroyed. These books describe how Israel split into two kingdoms after Solomon died. It also tells about all the kings that ruled over each kingdom after Solomon died.
In the southern kingdom, some kings did what Yahweh judged to be right. For example, King Josiah repaired the temple and reformed the worship of Yahweh. He responded to the high priest finding a copy of the Law of Yahweh in Jerusalem ([2 Kings 22–23](../../2ki/22/01.md)). However, all of the kings of the northern kingdom were wicked.
The Assyrians destroyed the northern kingdom in 722 B.C. The Babylonians destroyed the southern kingdom in 586 B.C.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
The Books of 1 and 2 Kings were originally one book in Hebrew. They were separated into two books when translated into Greek. Translators might choose more meaningful titles such as "The First Book about the Kings" and "The Second Book about the Kings." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the purpose of 1 and 2 Kings?
These books were probably finished during the exile, after the Babylonians had destroyed the temple. They show how being faithful to Yahweh results in his blessing and prospering his people. Worshipping idols and not being faithful result in their being punished and destroyed.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why do the Books of 1 and 2 Kings refer to someone being addressed indirectly?
In the Bible, people often referred to themselves as "your servant" when speaking to anyone in a superior position to themselves. Indirectly addressing people in this way was intended to honor the one addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" in this way. But a translator should use whatever expressions that are natural in the project language in order to honor someone in a superior position.
### What does the king "did what was right (or evil) in the eyes of Yahweh" mean?
The writer repeats this kind of expression throughout the Books of 1 and 2 Kings. Here "in the eyes of Yahweh" represents what Yahweh thinks about someone. If a king was faithful and obeyed the covenant, he did what was right according to Yahweh. If he was not faithful and disobeyed the covenant, he did what was evil according to Yahweh.
### What is the meaning of the term "Israel"?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
### Can I translate the Book of 1 Kings before I translate the Books of 1 and 2 Samuel?
The Books of 1 and 2 Samuel should be translated before 1 Kings, since 1 Kings continues from where 2 Samuel ends.

25
2sa/01/intro.md
View File

@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 1:19-27.
This chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's funeral song
David praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Synecdoche
David used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: "the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* [2 Samuel intro](../front/intro.md)
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

22
2sa/02/intro.md
View File

@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul's son and David.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Civil war
There was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul's uncle (Abner) made Saul's son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab's brother, but David's army was victorious.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical question
Abner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David's army. "Must the sword devour forever?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

18
2sa/03/intro.md
View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 3:33-34.
### Special concepts in this chapter
David never wanted to hurt Saul's family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

22
2sa/04/intro.md
View File

@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
While the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1-4).
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David and Ishbosheth
David never sought revenge against Saul's family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth's room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

20
2sa/05/intro.md
View File

@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This records the beginning of the kingdom's expansion.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David conquers Jerusalem
David brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.
#### David consulting God
David always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

21
2sa/06/intro.md
View File

@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 06 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem
David organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
#### Dancing
David danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Irony
Michal criticized David by using irony: "How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

19
2sa/07/intro.md
View File

@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])
#### Covenant of David
God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

17
2sa/08/intro.md
View File

@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David's kingdom.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God enabled victory
God enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

22
2sa/09/intro.md
View File

@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan's descendants.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's vow
David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical question and metaphor
Jonathan's son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: "What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?" and by a metaphor comparing himself to "a dead dog." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

22
2sa/10/intro.md
View File

@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The chapter records the last expansion of David's kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Shame
It was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: "they had become a stench to David" when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

17
2sa/11/intro.md
View File

@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins a new section of David's life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's adultery and the murder of Uriah
The army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon's capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

16
2sa/12/intro.md
View File

@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is the final expansion of David's kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's punishment
God sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

17
2sa/13/intro.md
View File

@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David's family. David's sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Amnon raped Absalom's sister
Amnon raped Absalom's sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David's lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

19
2sa/14/intro.md
View File

@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 14 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Reconciliation
David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])
### Important figures of speech used in this chapter
#### Parable
The wise woman uses a type of story to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This parable was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David's own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

22
2sa/15/intro.md
View File

@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter begins the story of Absalom's attempted revolt.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Absalom's conspiracy
For four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a "conspiracy." David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
The author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people's loyalty: "So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

16
2sa/16/intro.md
View File

@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Absalom seeks advice from David's advisers
David's best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king's property, having sexual relations with a king's concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Simile
To show how seriously people took Ahithophel's advice, the author used a simile comparing his advice to God's advice. "Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

13
2sa/17/intro.md
View File

@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 17 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Confusion
Ahithophel gives good advice to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

17
2sa/18/intro.md
View File

@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 18 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom's rebellion.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David's mercy
David reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David's army defeated Absalom's army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David's soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

24
2sa/19/intro.md
View File

@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 19 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### David told to stop mourning Absalom
Joab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.
#### David made king again
This chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.
#### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David
The ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical questions
The people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: "So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?" David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: "You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

18
2sa/20/intro.md
View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 20 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sheba's revolt
A man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah's king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Idiom
Joab used an idiom "has lifted up his hand against the king, against David" meaning "revolted against David," to explain why his army was attacking the city of Abel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

18
2sa/21/intro.md
View File

@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 21 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Famine caused by a broken oath
When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gibeon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])
#### Wisdom, grace and justice
David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

22
2sa/22/intro.md
View File

@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic song in 22:2-51.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God rescued David
God rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Metaphor
David uses many metaphors to express his trust in God's protection: "my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge." He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: "the waves of death surrounded me," "the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me," "the cords of sheol surrounded me;" "the snares of death trapped me," and "the surging water." He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: "I can run over a barricade" and "by my God I can leap over a wall." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__

19
2sa/23/intro.md
View File

@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 23:2-7.
2 Samuel 23:8-39 is a list of the famous people in David's army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Everlasting covenant
This is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__

13
2sa/24/intro.md
View File

@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
# 2 Samuel 24 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Counting soldiers
David ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
## Links:
* __[2 Samuel 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | __

63
2sa/front/intro.md
View File

@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
# Introduction to 2 Samuel
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of 2 Samuel
1. The first years of David's reign (1:1–7:29)
- Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)
- David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)
- Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)
1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)
1. David's sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)
1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)
1. The later years of David's reign (15:1–24:25)
- Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)
- David's kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)
- Famine and warfare (21:1–14)
- David's song of praise (22:1–23:7)
- David's mighty men (23:8–39)
- Yahweh judges David's sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)
### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?
This book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.
Throughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13-19](../13/01.md)).
The Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David's sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
Translators can use the traditional title "2 Samuel," or "Second Samuel." Or translators may consider a clearer title such as "The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?
The Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.
### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?
It is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David's right to be king. This would prove that David's descendant was the rightful king of God's people.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?
In 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true "anointed one," the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?
David frequently refers to himself as "your servant" when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul "my master." Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address "sir" or "ma'am" in this way.
### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?
The Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.
### How is the name "Israel" used in the Bible?
The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])
2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as "Israel." However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).