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# Exodus 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel's growth
Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
#### End of the famine
It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number"
This number included both Jacob's children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[Exodus intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 02 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moses's heritage
In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh's daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Ironic situations
While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, Yahweh used Pharaoh's own daughter to save Moses. Moses was the one who would ultimately be used by Yahweh to deliver Israel.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's holiness
God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Yahweh
The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means "I am." Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, "I AM." Great care must be taken in translating the phrase "I am that I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 04 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moses does not understand
Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh's doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
#### Children of God
This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God's children, possibly God's firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart
Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 05 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### A slave's work
The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "Let my people go"
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
#### Titles
The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULB uses "taskmasters" and "foremen." Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like "Egyptian leaders" and "Hebrew leaders" may be necessary.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 06 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Promised Land
According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 07 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Miracles
When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh's men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 08 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 09 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 11 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh "allowing" the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Unleavened bread
The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])
#### Ethnic segregation
The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Law
The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic "rule." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the "parting of the Sea of Reeds."
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
#### Pharaoh's chariots
These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical Questions
The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic songs in 15:1-18 and 15:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's laws
In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh's laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Complaints
The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
#### Prohibition against storing food
The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
#### Sabbath
This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
#### Ark of the covenant
Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](../../exo/16/34.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Wilderness of Sin
Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 17 General Notes
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical Questions
Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people's rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Wilderness of Sin
Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 18 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Leadership lessons
Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 19 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### "A kingdom of priests"
The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
#### Revealing the Law
The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the "ten commandments."
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Covenant
Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Covenant with Moses
Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, "Now these are the decrees that you must set before them." The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
#### Slavery
This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice.
#### Justice in society
The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 22 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice in society
The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people's desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 23 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice in society
The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
#### Celebrations of feasts and festivals
The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 24 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moses's covenant
The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
#### God's holiness
Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a "devouring fire." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 25 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 26 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 27 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 28 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Holy garments
Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 29 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Consecrating priests
This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "I will live among the Israelites"
As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 30 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Atonement
The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 31 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the end of Exodus' recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sabbath
As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 32 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 32:18.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Idolatry
The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 33 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Covenant
While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 34 General Notes
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "He will bring the punishment for the fathers' sin on their children"
This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent's sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 35 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sacrifice
All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 36 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Tent of meeting
The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 37 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The ark of the covenant
The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 38 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The altar
The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
#### Materials
The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 39 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The holy clothing
The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 40 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh's command.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "Yahweh's glory filled the tabernacle"
This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../39/intro.md) | __

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# Introduction to Exodus
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Exodus
1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (1–12)
- First genealogy (1:1–6)
- Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:7–22)
- Moses's history to the time of the Exodus (2:1–4:26)
- Israel suffers in Egypt (4:27–6:13)
- Second genealogy (6:14–27)
- Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:28–7:25)
- The plagues (8:1–11:10)
1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:1–30)
1. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:31–18:27)
- The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:31–50, 13:1–22)
- Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:1–18:27)
1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40)
- Preparing for the covenant (19:1–25)
- The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)
- The covenant described (20:18–23:33)
- The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:1–18)
- Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:1–31:18)
- The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:1–33:22)
- The covenant described again (34:1–35)
- Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:1–38:31) and priestly garments (39:1–43, 40:1–33)
- The cloud (40:34–38)
### What is the Book of Exodus about?
Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham's descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called "Israel," was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.
The Book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
### How should the title of this book be translated?
"Exodus" means "exit" or "departure." Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, "About the Israelites Leaving Egypt" or "How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
### Who wrote the Book of Exodus?
The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?
Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time. And Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and they should worship him.
### How does the Book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?
The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the Jewish Passover?
The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued them from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt.
### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?
The law of Moses instructed the people of Israel what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the tabernacle.
### What did it mean that Israel was to be a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation" (19:6 ULB)?
Israel was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different than all the other nations of the world. These other nations worshiped many false gods.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 25–32 repeated in Exodus 35–40?
In Exodus 25-32, God describes exactly how the tabernacle was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35-40. This showed that the people were to be careful to do exactly as God commanded.
### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?
Most but not all of the events in the Book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.
### What does it mean that God "lived" among his people?
The Book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him.

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# Leviticus 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word "and" indicating a connection with the previous book (Exodus). The first five books of the Bible should be seen as a single unit.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Atonement
In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[Leviticus intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 02 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions about how to make a grain offering.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yeast
Yeast is connected to the events of the Passover. Any prohibition of yeast may be connected to the original Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a fellowship offering.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Fat
The fat of the animal was considered the best part of the animal to eat. Therefore, this belonged to Yahweh. This is why the Israelites were not allowed to consume it.
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 04 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions on how to offer a sacrifice for unintentional sins. This is known as a sin offering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Unintentional sins
Many scholars have taken special note that all of the sacrifices concern sins that are unintentional and that no provision is offered for sins intentionally committed. Many have suggested that it is only the sacrifice of Jesus's life that can be offered for these sins. Many also believe that this offering parallels the sacrifice of Jesus.
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 05 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions about how to offer a specific type of sacrifice.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Not testifying
If a person saw a crime, or a wrong being done, they were required to be a witness about what they saw or heard. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])
#### Sacrifices for the poor
This chapter explains that poor people were allowed to offer less expensive sacrifices if they could not afford more costly sacrifices.
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 06 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, burnt offerings, and grain offerings.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Eating sacrifices
The Levites were allowed to eat some of the leftover parts of the sacrifice, while they were not allowed to eat other sacrifices. The reasons for this is unknown.
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 07 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter gives instructions on how to offer guilt offerings, peace offerings and freewill offerings.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Blood
The people were not allowed to eat or drink the blood of the sacrificed meat because life was considered to be in the blood of the animal. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [Leviticus 17:11](../../lev/17/11.md))
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 08 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
In this chapter, Moses set apart, or consecrated, the sons of Aaron to be priests. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 09 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Aaron begins to function as the high priest in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Following Yahweh's instructions
Great care is taken to show that Aaron perfectly followed Yahweh's instructions. Moses records every detail to show how Aaron correctly followed Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "Fire came out from Yahweh"
Aaron did not create the fire that consumed his sacrifice. Instead, Yahweh miraculously began the fire which consumed the sacrifice. This showed that the sacrifice was acceptable to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 10 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 10:3.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Mourning
Aaron was told that he and his remaining sons should not mourn Aaron's sons who were killed. As priests, they must put priestly work first, before their mourning and personal problems.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "Unapproved fire"
The phrase "unapproved fire " indicates that Aaron's son offered an unacceptable sacrifice. Because of Yahweh's holiness, this was a serious sin. They may have offered a sacrifice at the wrong time or in the wrong way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 11 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### Laws about food
This chapter contains a list of the animals the Israelites were not allowed to eat. Further research may be needed to determine the exact location of different parts of an animal. Many of these foods are not consumed to this day because they cause diseases, but it is unclear why the other foods are prohibited.
#### Special concepts in this chapter
Eating unclean foods made a person unclean. The process of consuming these types of foods spread the uncleanliness to a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 12 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Menstruation
A woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 13 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Skin disease
This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This is also true concerning things growing on clothing or things that touch a person's skin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Skin disease and mildew
This chapter addresses the ways a priest was to decide if a person had a skin disease, which would make a person unclean. This was important because these diseases could have easily spread among the people in the ancient Near East. This was also true for the things which could have touched a person's skin. This chapter explains how the priest was to treat the person suffering with a skin disease. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 15 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Bodily fluid
This chapter discusses fluids that come out of the body. These fluids caused a person to be unclean because of their potential to cause diseases. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
#### Cleanliness
While these rules about cleanliness are intended to benefit the Israelites and promote their health, they also were about making Israel into a separate and holy nation, different from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Holiness
Because Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
#### Day of Atonement
This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 17 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sacrifices
Sacrifices could only be offered by the priests at the temple. Any other sacrifice was strictly prohibited. This was probably intended to ensure that the people were only offering sacrifices to Yahweh and not to another god. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "The life of each creature is its blood"
It is unclear why the life is described as being in the blood. It is possible that diseases were more common in the blood and this is why it was prohibited. Blood is also necessary for life to continue in a creature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 18 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Uncovering nakedness
To uncover someone’s nakedness is an idiom that has two related meanings. If a man uncovers a woman’s nakedness, it means that he has sexual relations with her. If a man uncovers another man’s nakedness, it means that he shames that man by having sexual relations with that man’s wife.
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 19 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Obeying Yahweh
Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person's life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person's life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### Punishments for serious sins
This chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished by death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### See each other's nakedness
For a man and a woman to see each other's nakedness means for them have sexual relations together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-idiom]])
#### Carry guilt
The phrase "you must carry your own guilt" is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Priests must be holy
Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 22 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### Holy things
Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 23 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
#### The feasts
The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 24 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Cursing God
The punishment for someone who curses God is to have stones thrown at him until he is dead. This was acceptable in ancient Israel, but it is no longer considered acceptable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 25 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Over-farming
There is a provision made in this chapter to prevent over-farming of the land. If a land is farmed every year with the same crops, it will quickly become unable to grow anything.
#### Sabbath and Jubilee Years
Every seventh year, the land should not be planted. Every fiftieth year Israelite slaves must be freed and all land that has been bought returned to its original owners. This prevented people from getting trapped by their poverty.
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__

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# Leviticus 26 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Worship only Yahweh
If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__
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# Leviticus 27 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Dedicated to Yahweh
This chapter records the manner in which people make vows of dedication to Yahweh. There are many reasons why a person would dedicate something to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])
## Links:
* __[Leviticus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../26/intro.md) | __

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# Introduction to Leviticus
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Leviticus
1. Instructions to the Israelites about offerings (1:1–6:7)
- Burnt offerings (1:1–17)
- Grain offerings (2:1–16)
- Fellowship offerings (3:1–17)
- Offerings for unintentional sins (4:1-5:13)
- Guilt offerings (5:14–6:7)
1. Instructions to the priests about offerings (6:8–7:10)
- Burnt offerings (6:8-13)
- Grain offerings (6:14-23)
- Sin offerings (6:24-30)
- Guilt offerings (7:1-10)
1. Further instructions to the Israelites (7:11–7:38)
- Peace offerings (7:11–21)
- Eating fat and blood forbidden (7:22-27)
- The share for the priests (7:28–7:38)
1. Setting apart the priests (8:1–10:20)
- Aaron and his sons ordained (8:1–36)
- Aaron as high priest (9:1–24)
- Nadab and Abihu punished (10:1–20)
1. Laws about clean and unclean things (11:1–15:33)
- Clean and unclean food (11:1–47)
- Women purified after giving birth to a child (12:1–8)
- Skin, clothing, houses (13:1–14:47)
- Bodily fluids (15:1–33)
1. Day of Atonement; the place of the offering; the nature of blood (16:1–17:16)
1. Setting apart for worship and service; being disqualified from service (18:1–24:23)
1. The years of rest and release (25:1–55)
1. Blessing for obeying and curses for not obeying (26:1–46)
1. Gifts to God (27:1–34)
### What is the book of Leviticus about?
In the Book of Leviticus, God continues to give laws through Moses to the people of Israel. The people were to obey all of these laws to honor their covenant with God.
### How should the title of this book be translated?
"Leviticus" means "about the Levites." The Levites were the tribe of Israel that provided priests and other workers in the tabernacle. If the people in the project language do not understand the term "Levites," you can call it "The Book about the Priests" or "The Book about the Tabernacle Workers." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
### Who wrote the book of Leviticus?
The writers of both the Old and New Testament present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Leviticus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
### What is the meaning of "holy" and "holiness" in the book of Leviticus?
These terms concern separating someone or something from the rest of the people, from the world, or from ordinary use. God separated these people or things so they would belong only to him. The people were to consider the places for worshiping God or for honoring him in any way as separate. The people could not use them for anything else. God required the Israelites to live in a certain way in order to live as a nation belonging to him alone.
Anyone or anything that was acceptable to God or "holy" was spoken of as if they were physically clean.
In the same way, anyone or anything that was not acceptable to God or not holy was spoken of if they were physically unclean.
Some people and some things could be made clean or "cleansed," that is, acceptable to God. People or things were made clean if the people performed the right sacrifices and ceremonies. For example, some foreigners who wished to live among the Israelites and worship Yahweh could be made clean. However, other people and things could never be made acceptable to him.
It is important to know that not all unclean things or conditions were sinful. For example, after giving birth to a male child, a woman would be unclean for thirty-three days. Then the proper animal sacrifice would be offered for her. The flow of blood made the woman unclean ([Leviticus 12:7](../../lev/12/07.md)). But Leviticus never suggests that someone with a flow of blood was sinning. In the same way, God did not allow Israelites to eat many kinds of animals, as one way of setting his people apart.
Because God does not sin, the terms "holy" and "holiness" often suggest this same idea. Something belonging to God is holy. Because people must respect God, they must respect the things that belong to him.
### What are the important narrative features of Leviticus?
On seventeen occasions, the phrase "The Lord said to Moses" (and sometimes Aaron) is often used to begin paragraphs. God and Moses frequently spoke to others. The verb "speak" is used thirty-eight times.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### Why did the Israelites need so many rules about sacrificing animals?
Leviticus shows that God is holy. That means God is very different from humanity and the rest of the created world. God does not sin. Because of this, it is impossible to be acceptable to him without being "cleansed." The many kinds of sacrifices were meant to make people and things acceptable to God. However, the people had to continue making animal sacrifices so that they would continue to be acceptable to God. This was a sign that pointed to a need for a better sacrifice. They needed a sacrifice that would cause them to be acceptable to God forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Why was the priesthood important in the book of Leviticus?
Priests were individuals who went to God on behalf of the people. God authorized the priests to bring the Israelite's sacrifices to himself.
### How did the Israelite's rules for worshiping God and sacrificing animals differ from the other nations at that time?
It was common for other nations to sacrifice animals to their idols. But, the other nations did other things to worship their false gods. For instance, people would sleep with prostitutes at the temple of their gods. They did this to try to persuade their gods to bless their land with the ability to grow crops. Also, people of other nations would sometimes offer human sacrifices to their gods. The God of Israel did not allow his people to do these kinds of things.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### What important symbols are introduced in Leviticus?
Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water was used to symbolize the cleansing of someone or something so God could accept them. Blood was also used to cleanse and purify people and things. This is because blood represented life that needed to be shed in order for God to forgive people for sinning.
### Why do many sections begin with the phrase "Yahweh said to Moses?"
This phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as "God told Moses."