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# Exodus 01 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Israel's growth
Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
#### End of the famine
It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number"
This number included both Jacob's children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__
* __[Exodus intro](../front/intro.md)__
__| [>>](../02/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 02 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moses's heritage
In the first part of this chapter, Pharaoh's daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Ironic situations
While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, Yahweh used Pharaoh's own daughter to save Moses. Moses was the one who would ultimately be used by Yahweh to deliver Israel.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../01/intro.md) | [>>](../03/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 03 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### God's holiness
God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Yahweh
The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means "I am." Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, "I AM." Great care must be taken in translating the phrase "I am that I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../02/intro.md) | [>>](../04/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 04 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moses does not understand
Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh's doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
#### Children of God
This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God's children, possibly God's firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart
Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 04:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../03/intro.md) | [>>](../05/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 05 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### A slave's work
The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "Let my people go"
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
#### Titles
The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULB uses "taskmasters" and "foremen." Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like "Egyptian leaders" and "Hebrew leaders" may be necessary.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 05:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../04/intro.md) | [>>](../06/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 06 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Promised Land
According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 06:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../05/intro.md) | [>>](../07/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 07 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Miracles
When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaoh's men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../06/intro.md) | [>>](../08/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 08 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../07/intro.md) | [>>](../09/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 09 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 09:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../08/intro.md) | [>>](../10/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 10 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 10:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../09/intro.md) | [>>](../11/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 11 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh "allowing" the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../10/intro.md) | [>>](../12/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 12 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Unleavened bread
The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])
#### Ethnic segregation
The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 12:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../11/intro.md) | [>>](../13/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 13 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Law
The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic "rule." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Let my people go
This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to "let go" of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 13:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../12/intro.md) | [>>](../14/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 14 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the "parting of the Sea of Reeds."
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Pharaoh's hard heart
Pharaoh's heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahweh's instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.
#### Pharaoh's chariots
These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical Questions
The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../13/intro.md) | [>>](../15/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 15 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetic songs in 15:1-18 and 15:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/writing-poetry]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Yahweh's laws
In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahweh's laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 15:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../14/intro.md) | [>>](../16/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 16 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Complaints
The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
#### Prohibition against storing food
The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
#### Sabbath
This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
#### Ark of the covenant
Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](../../exo/16/34.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Wilderness of Sin
Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../15/intro.md) | [>>](../17/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 17 General Notes
### Important figures of speech in this chapter
#### Rhetorical Questions
Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the people's rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### Wilderness of Sin
Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 17:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../16/intro.md) | [>>](../18/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 18 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Leadership lessons
Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 18:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../17/intro.md) | [>>](../19/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 19 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### "A kingdom of priests"
The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
#### Revealing the Law
The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 19:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../18/intro.md) | [>>](../20/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 20 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the "ten commandments."
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Covenant
Yahweh's covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 20:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../19/intro.md) | [>>](../21/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 21 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Covenant with Moses
Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, "Now these are the decrees that you must set before them." The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
#### Slavery
This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice.
#### Justice in society
The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 21:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../20/intro.md) | [>>](../22/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 22 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice in society
The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people's desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 22:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../21/intro.md) | [>>](../23/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 23 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Justice in society
The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
#### Celebrations of feasts and festivals
The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 23:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../22/intro.md) | [>>](../24/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 24 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Moses's covenant
The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
#### God's holiness
Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a "devouring fire." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 24:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../23/intro.md) | [>>](../25/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 25 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 25:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../24/intro.md) | [>>](../26/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 26 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../25/intro.md) | [>>](../27/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 27 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The tent of meeting
This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 27:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../26/intro.md) | [>>](../28/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 28 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Holy garments
Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 28:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../27/intro.md) | [>>](../29/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 29 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Consecrating priests
This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "I will live among the Israelites"
As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.
## Links:
* __[Exodus 29:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../28/intro.md) | [>>](../30/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 30 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Atonement
The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 30:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../29/intro.md) | [>>](../31/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 31 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is the end of Exodus' recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sabbath
As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 31:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../30/intro.md) | [>>](../32/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 32 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.
Some translations set poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to show that it is poetry. The ULB does this with the poetry in 32:18.
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Idolatry
The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 32:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../31/intro.md) | [>>](../33/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 33 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Covenant
While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 33:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../32/intro.md) | [>>](../34/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 34 General Notes
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "He will bring the punishment for the fathers' sin on their children"
This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parent's sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 34:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../33/intro.md) | [>>](../35/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 35 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Sacrifice
All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 35:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../34/intro.md) | [>>](../36/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 36 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### Tent of meeting
The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 36:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../35/intro.md) | [>>](../37/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 37 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The ark of the covenant
The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 37:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../36/intro.md) | [>>](../38/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 38 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The altar
The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
#### Materials
The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 38:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../37/intro.md) | [>>](../39/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 39 General Notes
### Special concepts in this chapter
#### The holy clothing
The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 39:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../38/intro.md) | [>>](../40/intro.md)__

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# Exodus 40 General Notes
### Structure and formatting
This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahweh's command.
### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter
#### "Yahweh's glory filled the tabernacle"
This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
## Links:
* __[Exodus 40:01 Notes](./01.md)__
__[<<](../39/intro.md) | __

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# Introduction to Exodus
## Part 1: General Introduction
### Outline of Exodus
1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (112)
- First genealogy (1:16)
- Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:722)
- Moses's history to the time of the Exodus (2:14:26)
- Israel suffers in Egypt (4:276:13)
- Second genealogy (6:1427)
- Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:287:25)
- The plagues (8:111:10)
1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:130)
1. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:3118:27)
- The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:3150, 13:122)
- Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:118:27)
1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40)
- Preparing for the covenant (19:125)
- The Ten Commandments (20:117)
- The covenant described (20:1823:33)
- The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:118)
- Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:131:18)
- The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:133:22)
- The covenant described again (34:135)
- Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:138:31) and priestly garments (39:143, 40:133)
- The cloud (40:3438)
### What is the Book of Exodus about?
Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abraham's descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called "Israel," was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.
The Book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
### How should the title of this book be translated?
"Exodus" means "exit" or "departure." Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, "About the Israelites Leaving Egypt" or "How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-names]])
### Who wrote the Book of Exodus?
The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?
Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time. And Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and they should worship him.
### How does the Book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?
The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.
## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts
### What was the Jewish Passover?
The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued them from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt.
### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?
The law of Moses instructed the people of Israel what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the tabernacle.
### What did it mean that Israel was to be a "kingdom of priests and a holy nation" (19:6 ULB)?
Israel was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different than all the other nations of the world. These other nations worshiped many false gods.
## Part 3: Important Translation Issues
### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 2532 repeated in Exodus 3540?
In Exodus 25-32, God describes exactly how the tabernacle was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35-40. This showed that the people were to be careful to do exactly as God commanded.
### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?
Most but not all of the events in the Book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.
### What does it mean that God "lived" among his people?
The Book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him.