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Tiberius Caesar ruled the entire Roman Empire from A.D. 14 to 37. The fifteenth year of his reign was A.D. 27.
See: Rome (Roman Empire, Caesar)
See: [Rome (Roman Empire, Caesar)](../articles/rome.md)
### Who was Pontius Pilate?
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There are several men named Herod in the Bible. The man in this verse is Herod Antipas, one of the sons of King Herod the Great. He ruled a “fourth”(τετρααρχέω/g5075) of the area that his father ruled. Herod Antipas ruled over Galilee from 4 B.C. to A.D. 39.
See: King Herod
See: [King Herod](../articles/kingherod.md)
### Who was Philip?
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The only thing that is known about Lysanias is that Luke said he was ruler of Abilene at this time. Abilene was place north of Mt. Hermon. Perhaps he was another son of Herod the Great. He ruled a “fourth”(τετρααρχέω/g5075) of the area that his father ruled.
See: King Herod
See: [King Herod](../articles/kingherod.md)
See Map: Israel
### Why did Luke give the names of Roman and Jewish rulers at the time of John the Baptist?
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Also, Luke gave the names of the rulers because his readers knew them. They knew that these rulers had did many evil things, and that the prophets suffered because of them. When the people of Israel read about these things, perhaps they thought about how kings in the past made the prophets suffer and die (see: Hebrews 11:32-40). John suffered and died because of evil rulers in the same way other prophets suffered and died.
See: Prophet
See: [Prophet](../articles/prophet.md)
**Advice to translators**: Use the expression for “clean” or “ritually pure” that you use in your version of the gospels.
### Why was Johns baptism different than other kinds of baptism?
See: Baptize (Baptism); Repent (Repentance); Messiah (Christ); Clean and Unclean
See: [Baptize (Baptism)](../articles/baptize.md); [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md); [Messiah (Christ)](../articles/messiahchrist.md); [Clean and Unclean](../articles/cleanunclean.md)
See Map: Jordan
### How did Luke write about repenting?
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“Repentance”(μετάνοια/g3341) is a turning, in the same way when someone turns from facing one way to facing another way. Some scholars think that it means to stop dishonoring God and to turn to follow a path that honors him. Other scholars think it means for a person to change what he thinks about God. John used the word “repentance” because he wanted the people to get ready for the messiah to come to them.
See: Isaiah 40:3-5
See: Repent (Repentance)
See: [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md)
### How did God forgive a Jews sins?
God will only forgive a person for sinning if that person believes in him. Before Jesus came to Earth, the Jews showed God that they believed in him by obeying the Law of Moses. When John the Baptist preached, some Jews showed that they trusted God by “repenting”(μετάνοια/g3341) and asking John to baptize them. However, it was not because of the way that they acted that God forgave them. It was because they trusted in him.
See: Baptize (Baptism); Repent (Repentance)
See: Baptize (Baptism); [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md)
### How did John serve God and Jesus?
John served God by helping the Jewish people to know that Jesus was the messiah and to believe in Jesus. Luke wrote about the way John served Jesus as if John was announcing that a king was coming (see: Luke 3:5). When a king visited, the people often repaired the road and made it easy to travel on. John explained to the people that the right way to receive Jesus was to repent and trust in God to save them.
See: Repent (Repentance); Messiah (Christ)
See: [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md); Messiah (Christ)
### Why did Luke write all flesh will see Gods salvation?
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Finally, when people “repented,” they changed how they treated other people. They were to share with those who lacked what they needed every day. They were also to treat all people the same way. John wanted people to think about the things they did.
See: Repent (Repentance); Fruit (Metaphor)
See: [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md); Fruit (Metaphor)
### Why did John call the Jews poisonous snakes?
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John implied that God will be angry with the people who do not “repent”(μετάνοια/g3341). He also implied that he was talking about the “Day of the Lord,” when God will judge the whole world.
See: Isaiah 13:9; Zephaniah 2:2
See: Repent (Repentance); Day of the Lord; Day of Judgment
See: [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md); Day of the Lord; Day of Judgment
### What did the Jews think about tax collectors?
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When Jesus began to teach the people, he told them more things about this good news. He told people that the “kingdom of God” was coming. He also spoke more and more clearly about what he would do. He would die on a cross but he would rise again. This was what he must do as the “Lamb of God.” However, it seems that he only said this to the twelve disciples. It does not seem that he ever told the people in general about these things.
See: Gospel; Repent (Repentance); Messiah (Christ); Kingdom of God; Lamb of God
See: Gospel; [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md); Messiah (Christ); Kingdom of God; Lamb of God
## 3:21-22
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John “baptized”(βαπτίζω/g0907) people as part of their “repenting”(μετανοέω/g3340) from their sins. He did this so that they would be able to welcome the Messiah, Jesus Christ. He also “baptized” Jesus (see: Mark 1:9), because Jesus asked him to do so, even though Jesus had never sinned. He never needed to “repent” of having sinned. Most scholars think that Jesus wanted to be “baptized” in order to prepare him to be a sacrifice to God. He would die in the same way a sacrifice was done to allow people to be at peace with God.
See: 2 Corinthians 5:21
See: Repent (Repentance); Messiah (Christ); Atone (Atonement)
See: [Repent (Repentance)](../articles/repent.md); Messiah (Christ); Atone (Atonement)
## 3:23-38