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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ When Paul said he was a prisoner of Jesus Christ, he wanted to say that he was s
Paul greeted Philemon, his household, and the “church”(ἐκκλησία/g1577) that gathered in his house. This was how Paul often began his letters. Paul greeted them in the form of a prayer that begins with God’s “favor”(χάρις/g5485). God’s favor speaks about all the gifts God gives his children. That is, he gives favor to all those who believe in him. Paul also greeted Philemon and the church with “peace.” Many scholars think that peace comes from God’s favor. This peace makes God and man friends. Paul greeted Philemon, his household, and the “church”(ἐκκλησία/g1577) that gathered in his house. This was how Paul often began his letters. Paul greeted them in the form of a prayer that begins with God’s “favor”(χάρις/g5485). God’s favor speaks about all the gifts God gives his children. That is, he gives favor to all those who believe in him. Paul also greeted Philemon and the church with “peace.” Many scholars think that peace comes from God’s favor. This peace makes God and man friends.
See: Church See: [Church](../articles/church.md)
## 1:4-7 ## 1:4-7
@ -27,31 +27,31 @@ When he ended his prayer, Paul told Philemon he had much “joy”(χαρά/g547
Jesus made Paul an apostle and gave him permission to tell Christians what they needed to do to follow Jesus’ commands. Jesus commanded apostles to rule and to teach Christians. For this reason, Paul commanded Philemon. Jesus made Paul an apostle and gave him permission to tell Christians what they needed to do to follow Jesus’ commands. Jesus commanded apostles to rule and to teach Christians. For this reason, Paul commanded Philemon.
See: Apostle See: [Apostle](../articles/apostle.md)
### Why did Paul appeal to Philemon? ### Why did Paul appeal to Philemon?
When Paul made an “appeal”(παρακαλέω/g3870), he made a serious request of Philemon. Paul spoke to Philemon as a brother and not as someone he ruled. Paul wanted Philemon to respond to his request because Philemon loved Paul. For this reason, Paul appealed to Philemon as a trusted brother instead of commanding him. When Paul made an “appeal”(παρακαλέω/g3870), he made a serious request of Philemon. Paul spoke to Philemon as a brother and not as someone he ruled. Paul wanted Philemon to respond to his request because Philemon loved Paul. For this reason, Paul appealed to Philemon as a trusted brother instead of commanding him.
See: Family of God See:[Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
### How did Paul talk about himself to Philemon? ### How did Paul talk about himself to Philemon?
Paul said he was an old man locked in prison for Christ Jesus. Some scholars think Paul did not speak about his age in years. They think this was a type of metaphor. He spoke about his experience of living for Christ for a long period of time. Paul said he was an old man locked in prison for Christ Jesus. Some scholars think Paul did not speak about his age in years. They think this was a type of metaphor. He spoke about his experience of living for Christ for a long period of time.
See: Metaphor See: [Metaphor](../articles/metaphor.md)
### How was Paul the father of Onesimus? ### How was Paul the father of Onesimus?
Paul said that while he was a prisoner, he became a father to Onesimus. At the time in which Paul wrote, people called spiritual leaders or teachers a father. Onesimus became Paul’s student. Paul taught him about how to live as a Christian. Paul said that while he was a prisoner, he became a father to Onesimus. At the time in which Paul wrote, people called spiritual leaders or teachers a father. Onesimus became Paul’s student. Paul taught him about how to live as a Christian.
See: Family of God See: [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
### What does the name Onesimus mean? ### What does the name Onesimus mean?
The name Onesimus is the Greek word for “useful” (Ὀνήσιμος/g3682). Some scholars said that many people in ancient times named their slaves Onesimus. Some scholars think Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was not useful in the work of the gospel when he first met him. But after becoming a Christian he became very useful to both Paul and Philemon. He was useful because he now helped in the work of the gospel. The name Onesimus is the Greek word for “useful” (Ὀνήσιμος/g3682). Some scholars said that many people in ancient times named their slaves Onesimus. Some scholars think Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was not useful in the work of the gospel when he first met him. But after becoming a Christian he became very useful to both Paul and Philemon. He was useful because he now helped in the work of the gospel.
See: Gospel See: [Gospel](../articles/gospel.md)
## 1:12-16 ## 1:12-16
@ -60,33 +60,34 @@ See: Gospel
Paul told Philemon he was sending his very “heart”(σπλάγχνον/g4698). That is, Paul called Onesimus his heart because he became a close, personal friend and helper while Paul was in prison. Paul’s love for Onesimus came from deep within his soul and spirit. Paul told Philemon he was sending his very “heart”(σπλάγχνον/g4698). That is, Paul called Onesimus his heart because he became a close, personal friend and helper while Paul was in prison. Paul’s love for Onesimus came from deep within his soul and spirit.
Paul decided to send Onesimus back to Philemon. But, he told Philemon he wanted to keep Onesimus with him. That is, he wanted his help in sharing the gospel. But, Paul did not want to do anything without Philemon agreeing with it. Paul did not want to force Philemon to allow Onesimus to help him. Paul wanted Philemon to “willingly” (ἑκούσιος/g1595) allow Onesimus to serve him because Philemon felt it was good for both Paul and Onesimus. Paul decided to send Onesimus back to Philemon. But, he told Philemon he wanted to keep Onesimus with him. That is, he wanted his help in sharing the gospel. But, Paul did not want to do anything without Philemon agreeing with it. Paul did not want to force Philemon to allow Onesimus to help him. Paul wanted Philemon to “willingly” (ἑκούσιος/g1595) allow Onesimus to serve him because Philemon felt it was good for both Paul and Onesimus.
See: Soul; Spirit; Gospel See: [Soul](../articles/soul.md); [Spirit (Spiritual)](../articles/spiritspiritual.md); [Gospel](../articles/gospel.md)
### What reason does Paul suggest for Onesimus’ separation from Philemon? ### What reason does Paul suggest for Onesimus’ separation from Philemon?
Some scholars think Paul said that God wanted Onesimus to run away from Philemon. That is, God wanted Onesimus to become a Christian. These scholars think God worked in the same way in the Old Testament with Joseph (see: Genesis 50:20). Some scholars think Paul said that God wanted Onesimus to run away from Philemon. That is, God wanted Onesimus to become a Christian. These scholars think God worked in the same way in the Old Testament with Joseph (see: Genesis 50:20).
Paul also said to Philemon that God wanted to give him Onesimus back “forever”(αἰώνιος/g0166). Most scholars think Paul said that Philemon and Onesimus were now brothers in the Lord forever. Paul also said to Philemon that God wanted to give him Onesimus back “forever”(αἰώνιος/g0166). Most scholars think Paul said that Philemon and Onesimus were now brothers in the Lord forever.
See: Family of God See: [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
### What did Paul mean by stating “no longer as a slave”? ### What did Paul mean by stating “no longer as a slave”?
Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was “no longer a slave” but now a “beloved”(ἀγαπητός/g0027) brother. That is, Philemon needed to accept Onesimus in the same way he accepts a brother. Most scholars think Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was now much more than simply a “slave”(δοῦλος/g1401). They do not think Paul told Philemon to free Onesimus from being his slave. Paul spoke about slaves and masters in other books he wrote (see: Colossians 3:22-4:1; 1 Corinthians 7:22). Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was “no longer a slave” but now a “beloved”(ἀγαπητός/g0027) brother. That is, Philemon needed to accept Onesimus in the same way he accepts a brother. Most scholars think Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was now much more than simply a “slave”(δοῦλος/g1401). They do not think Paul told Philemon to free Onesimus from being his slave. Paul spoke about slaves and masters in other books he wrote (see: Colossians 3:22-4:1; 1 Corinthians 7:22).
See: Family of God See: [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
### Why did Paul say that Onesimus was a beloved brother in the flesh and in the Lord? ### Why did Paul say that Onesimus was a beloved brother in the flesh and in the Lord?
Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was beloved brother “in the flesh.” That is, Onesimus was now a better servant to Philemon. Paul spoke about Onesimus now being a more responsible servant. While Paul was in prison, Onesimus helped him with the work of the gospel. So, Paul told Philemon to receive Onesimus as a beloved brother in the Lord too. Paul told Philemon that Onesimus was beloved brother “in the flesh.” That is, Onesimus was now a better servant to Philemon. Paul spoke about Onesimus now being a more responsible servant. While Paul was in prison, Onesimus helped him with the work of the gospel. So, Paul told Philemon to receive Onesimus as a beloved brother in the Lord too.
See: Gospel; Flesh; Family of God See: [Gospel](../articles/gospel.md);[Flesh](../articles/flesh.md); [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
## 1:17-21 ## 1:17-21
### How were Paul and Philemon partners? ### How were Paul and Philemon partners?
Paul and Philemon were “partners”(κοινωνός/g2844) because of their work together for the gospel. Paul spoke of Philemon as a fellow worker with him. Also, he spoke of him in the same way as his brother (see: 1:7). A “church”(ἐκκλησία/g1577) met in Philemon’s house. Because Onesimus became a partner with Paul in the work of the gospel, Paul asked Philemon to welcome Onesimus back to his home with love and respect. That is, take him back into his house in the same way he took Paul into his home. Paul and Philemon were “partners”(κοινωνός/g2844) because of their work together for the gospel. Paul spoke of Philemon as a fellow worker with him. Also, he spoke of him in the same way as his brother (see: 1:7). A “church”(ἐκκλησία/g1577) met in Philemon’s house. Because Onesimus became a partner with Paul in the work of the gospel, Paul asked Philemon to welcome Onesimus back to his home with love and respect. That is, take him back into his house in the same way he took Paul into his home.
See: Gospel; Family of God
See:[Gospel](../articles/gospel.md);[Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
### Why was Paul willing to pay to Philemon whatever Onesimus owed Philemon? ### Why was Paul willing to pay to Philemon whatever Onesimus owed Philemon?
@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ Paul was willing to pay Onesimus’ debt to Philemon because he loved and respec
**Advice to Translators**: A debt is an amount of money that someone owes to another person. **Advice to Translators**: A debt is an amount of money that someone owes to another person.
See: Family of God See: [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
### Why did Paul state that he wrote this letter with his own hand? ### Why did Paul state that he wrote this letter with his own hand?
@ -108,13 +109,13 @@ Perhaps Philemon owes Paul his very life because Philemon believed in Jesus afte
**Advice to Translators**: A debt is an amount of money that someone owes to another person. **Advice to Translators**: A debt is an amount of money that someone owes to another person.
See: Gospel See:[Gospel](../articles/gospel.md)
### In what way did Philemon refresh Paul’s heart? ### In what way did Philemon refresh Paul’s heart?
In the same way Paul gave thanks to Philemon for “refreshing”(ἀναπαύω/g0373) other believers, he asked Philemon to refresh his heart (see: 1:7). Paul said that Philemon was going to refresh Paul’s heart by taking Onesimus back into his home. And, Paul wanted Philemon to take Onesimus back not only as a valuable servant, but as a brother in the Lord. In the same way Paul gave thanks to Philemon for “refreshing”(ἀναπαύω/g0373) other believers, he asked Philemon to refresh his heart (see: 1:7). Paul said that Philemon was going to refresh Paul’s heart by taking Onesimus back into his home. And, Paul wanted Philemon to take Onesimus back not only as a valuable servant, but as a brother in the Lord.
See: Family of God See: [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
## 1:21-22 ## 1:21-22
@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ Paul was to be released from prison soon, so he also asked Philemon to make a ro
**Advice to Translators**: A debt is an amount of money that someone owes to another person. **Advice to Translators**: A debt is an amount of money that someone owes to another person.
See: Gospel; Family of God See:[Gospel](../articles/gospel.md); [Family of God](../articles/familyofgod.md)
## 1:23-25 ## 1:23-25