Update '44-jhn/19.md'

44-jhn/19.md

@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
-John 19
-19:1-16
+# John 19
+
+## 19:1-16
+
+
+
+### Why did John write Pilate whipped Jesus (19:1)?
 
-Why did John write Pilate whipped Jesus (19:1)?
 John wrote Pilate whipped Jesus because he wanted people to know that Pilate ordered it. Pilate did not do it himself. However, he ordered the Roman soldiers to do it. They had to obey Pilate. 
 
-Why did Pilate have Jesus whipped (19:1)?
+ 
+
+### Why did Pilate have Jesus whipped (19:1)?
+
 Pilate had Jesus whipped so the people would know that Pilate punished criminals. Pilate was the Roman governor in Judea. He wanted Judea to have peace. Therefore, he did not want people to think that criminals were not punished. Although Jesus was not a criminal, people thought he was a criminal. 
 
 When Jesus was whipped, it was not as severe as when the soldiers flogged Jesus just before he was crucified (see: 19:16).  
  
 See Map: Roman provinces including Judea
 
-Why did the Roman soldiers put a "crown of thorns" and a purple robe on Jesus (19:2,5)?
+
+
+### Why did the Roman soldiers put a "crown of thorns" and a purple robe on Jesus (19:2,5)?
+
 The soldiers put a "crown of thorns" and a purple robe on Jesus to hurt him and mock him. This was part of the way the Romans crucified him.
  
 The crown he wore have very long thorns. It had sharp ends stuck out of it. So, these thorns went into Jesus’ head and caused bleeding. 
@@ -22,16 +32,25 @@ The soldiers did this because Pilate called Jesus "King of the Jews." However, t
 
 See: Crucify (Crucifixion); Crown; Rome
   
-Why did Pilate tell the Jewish leaders again that Jesus was not guilty (19:4,6)? 
+
+
+### Why did Pilate tell the Jewish leaders again that Jesus was not guilty (19:4,6)? 
+
 Pilate did not agree with what the Jews said Jesus had done. Because of this, he again told the Jewish leaders that Jesus was not guilty. That is, he did not do anything wrong or break the law. 
-Why did Pilate go back inside the government headquarters (19:8-9)? 
+
+
+
+### Why did Pilate go back inside the government headquarters (19:8-9)? 
+
 Pilate went back inside the government headquarters to think about what to do. He was afraid (19:8) of what might happen. He was afraid that the Jews might begin to cause trouble for him if he did the wrong thing. The Roman emperor could have Pilot killed if the Jews began to make trouble for Rome.
 
 The Jews said Jesus did something that was not to be done according to the Law of Moses (see: Leviticus 24:16). They said he needed to die because of this. However, Pilate was not a Jew. He did not have to follow the Law of Moses.  However,  he did have to keep anyone from causing trouble for the Roman empire. So he needed time to think about how to control the Jewish people.
 
 See: Law of Moses; Rome
 
-Why did Jesus say, "You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above" (19:11)? 
+
+
+### Why did Jesus say, "You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above" (19:11)? 
 
 Jesus said, "You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above" to make Pilate and other people think about God. Pilate thought he had power over Jesus. Pilate could release Jesus or have him crucified because he was the governor. 
 
@@ -40,59 +59,96 @@ Jesus said that Pilate could only do these things because God allowed Pilate to
 Jesus said the person who sent Jesus to Pilate was more responsible for his death than Pilate. Some scholars think Jesus spoke about the high priest Caiaphas. Caiaphas was responsible for the Jewish religious leaders' efforts to kill Jesus (see: John 11:45-53). Other scholars think Jesus spoke about Judas Iscariot. Judas gave Jesus to Caiaphas by telling the soldiers where they could find Jesus.
 
 See: Crucify (Crucifixion); High Priest
-Who was "Caesar" (19:15)? 
+
+
+
+### Who was "Caesar" (19:15)? 
+
 "Caesar" was the Roman emperor. It was the title people used when they wanted to speak about the emperor.
-19:17-27
-Why did Jesus carry his own cross (19:17)?
+
+
+## 19:17-27
+
+
+
+### Why did Jesus carry his own cross (19:17)?
+
 Jesus carried his own cross because the Romans made him do this. They made him do this so the crowds would see it. They wanted the people to be afraid of them. So they forced criminals to carry their crosses through the streets.
 
 Scholars think Jesus only carried part of the cross. The entire cross was too heavy for one person to carry, especially if that person had just been whipped. Because of this, Jesus only carried it a short distance. Then the soldiers forced someone else to carry the cross for Jesus. This person was Simon of Cyrene (see: Luke 23:26).
 
 See: Cross
  
-How was a person crucified (19:18)? 
+
+
+### How was a person crucified (19:18)? 
+
 See: Crucify (Crucifixion) 
 
-Where was Jesus crucified (19:18)?
+
+
+### Where was Jesus crucified (19:18)?
+
 Jesus was crucified at a place called "the Place of a Skull." This was a small hill just outside of Jerusalem. The Romans often crucified criminals there. The Aramaic word for this place was "Golgotha." The English word for this place is "Calvary". 
 
 See: Languages in the New Testament
+
 See Map: Golgotha
   
-Why did Pilate put a sign on Jesus’ cross in three languages (19:19-22)? 
+
+
+### Why did Pilate put a sign on Jesus’ cross in three languages (19:19-22)? 
+
 Pilate put a sign on Jesus' cross in three languages. He wanted everyone who saw it to be able to read it. The Romans put signs on crosses to tell people the criminal's name and the crime they had done. The sign on Jesus’ cross was written in the three languages spoken in Jerusalem. That is, the message was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek. Pilate thought that most people could read one of these languages. Some translations use the word “Hebrew” instead of Aramaic. Aramaic was the language spoken by the Hebrew people, that is, the Jews. However, there was another language called Hebrew that only the priests could speak. It was the language the Jewish people spoke before the spoke Aramaic.
  
 Scholars think Pilate wrote "the King of the Jews" on Jesus' sign to mock the Jews. The Jewish religious leaders hated Jesus and wanted him crucified. However, Pilate hated the Jews. He wanted to release Jesus, but the Jews made Pilate crucify Jesus. So, Pilate mocked them because they hated Jesus. He did this by writing Jesus was the King of the Jews.
 
 See: Cross; Crucify (Crucifixion); Languages in the New Testament
-Why did the chief priests ask Pilate to change the sign (19:21)?
+
+
+
+### Why did the chief priests ask Pilate to change the sign (19:21)?
+
 The chief priests asked Pilate to change the sign because they did not want the people to read what Pilate wrote. They were afraid the people would think that Jesus really was their king. So they asked Pilate to change it to Jesus said that he was the king of the Jews. 
 
 See: Chief priest
-Why did Pilate say "what I have written, I have written" (19:22)?
+
+
+
+### Why did Pilate say "what I have written, I have written" (19:22)?
+
 Pilate said, "what I have written, I have written" to tell the Jewish leaders he would not change the sign.
 
-Why did the soldiers "cast lots" for Jesus' tunic (19:24)? 
+
+
+
+### Why did the soldiers "cast lots" for Jesus' tunic (19:24)? 
+
 The soldiers "cast lots" for Jesus' tunic to decide which of them would take it. 
 
 The Romans stripped criminals before they crucified them. That is, the criminals did not have any clothes on them when they were crucified. The soldiers got the clothes of the criminal. Jesus’ tunic was worth more than the rest of his clothes. They decided to cast lots to determine which soldier would get Jesus' tunic. 
 
-Advice to Translators: A tunic was an outer robe that people wore over other clothes. 
+**Advice to Translators**: A tunic was an outer robe that people wore over other clothes. 
 
 See: Casting Lots; Crucify (Crucifixion)
  
-Who were the women John named (19:25)? 
+
+
+### Who were the women John named (19:25)? 
+
 John named four women who watched Jesus’ crucifixion.
-Jesus’ mother, Mary. 
-Jesus’ mother’s sister. 
-Mary, the wife of Clopas.
-Mary Magadalene. 
+*Jesus’ mother, Mary. 
+*Jesus’ mother’s sister. 
+*Mary, the wife of Clopas.
+*Mary Magadalene. 
 
 Some scholars think John wanted to say that Jesus' mother's sister was Mary wife of Clopas. That is, he only named three women. 
 
 See: Crucify (Crucifixion)
  
-Why did Jesus say "Woman, see your son!" and "See your mother" (19:26-27)?
+
+
+### Why did Jesus say "Woman, see your son!" and "See your mother" (19:26-27)?
 Jesus said "Woman, see your son!" and "See your mother" because he wanted John to care for his mother Mary after he died. That is, he told them to treat each other in the same way they treated their mother and their son.
 
 Some scholars think John was Jesus' cousin. They think he chose John to care for Mary because of this. That is, he said it because John and Mary were already family.