A plague is something which causes suffering or death to many people at the same time. Often a plague is a disease. The disease spreads between people quickly and causes many people to die before it can be stopped.
Many plagues are caused by natural things, but some plagues were caused by God. He did this to punish people who were sinning.
In the time of Moses, God caused ten plagues to happen in Egypt. He did this so that Pharaoh would let the Israelites leave Egypt. These plagues included water turning into blood, people and livestock having physical diseases, food being destroyed by insects and hail, Egypt having complete darkness for three days, and firstborn sons and firstborn livestock dying (see: Exodus 7-11).
There will be terrible plagues during the time of tribulation before Jesus returns to earth (see: Revelation 9:18; 11:6; 15-16).