diff --git a/1ch/01/08.md b/1ch/01/08.md index 5e6b8fa12..4443dce7f 100644 --- a/1ch/01/08.md +++ b/1ch/01/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/cush]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/canaan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/sheba]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/earth]] diff --git a/1ch/01/17.md b/1ch/01/17.md index 5e6b8fa12..d013b16a9 100644 --- a/1ch/01/17.md +++ b/1ch/01/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/shem]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/elam]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/aram]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/meshech]] diff --git a/1ch/01/20.md b/1ch/01/20.md index 5e6b8fa12..0f4b65c50 100644 --- a/1ch/01/20.md +++ b/1ch/01/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/sheba]] diff --git a/1ch/01/24.md b/1ch/01/24.md index 5e6b8fa12..25e4f10b0 100644 --- a/1ch/01/24.md +++ b/1ch/01/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/nahor]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/terah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/abraham]] diff --git a/1ch/01/28.md b/1ch/01/28.md index 5e6b8fa12..330df3545 100644 --- a/1ch/01/28.md +++ b/1ch/01/28.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/isaac]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ishmael]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]] diff --git a/1ch/01/32.md b/1ch/01/32.md index 2f411d8c1..f2015edb5 100644 --- a/1ch/01/32.md +++ b/1ch/01/32.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names here except for Keturah are names of men. Keturah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/concubine]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/midian]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] diff --git a/1ch/01/34.md b/1ch/01/34.md index 5e6b8fa12..1ed615f4c 100644 --- a/1ch/01/34.md +++ b/1ch/01/34.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/esau]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jacob]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jethro]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/korah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/amalekite]] diff --git a/1ch/01/51.md b/1ch/01/51.md index 09782fb56..ea84a56fe 100644 --- a/1ch/01/51.md +++ b/1ch/01/51.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: All of the names here except Edom are names of men. Edom is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/head]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/clan]] diff --git a/1ch/02/01.md b/1ch/02/01.md index 5e6b8fa12..b588909a7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/01.md +++ b/1ch/02/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,17 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jacob]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/reuben]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/simeon]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/levite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/judah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/issachar]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/zebulun]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/dan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josephot]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/naphtali]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/gad]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/asher]] diff --git a/1ch/02/09.md b/1ch/02/09.md index 5e6b8fa12..198d8a7ac 100644 --- a/1ch/02/09.md +++ b/1ch/02/09.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/boaz]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jesse]] diff --git a/1ch/02/24.md b/1ch/02/24.md index 61b2e1b9a..433328c9b 100644 --- a/1ch/02/24.md +++ b/1ch/02/24.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Caleb went in to Ephrathah + +This is a euphemism. AT: "Caleb had sexual relations with Ephrathah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # Ephrathah This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/1ch/02/25.md b/1ch/02/25.md index 423336a3f..ead9b7c51 100644 --- a/1ch/02/25.md +++ b/1ch/02/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: All of the names in this list except Atarah are the names of men. Atarah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ahijah]] diff --git a/1ch/02/29.md b/1ch/02/29.md index 7f30b37f7..154f32cf7 100644 --- a/1ch/02/29.md +++ b/1ch/02/29.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names here except Abishur are the names of men. Abishur is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/children]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jonathan]] diff --git a/1ch/02/36.md b/1ch/02/36.md index 55e684470..7d7682417 100644 --- a/1ch/02/36.md +++ b/1ch/02/36.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/azariah]] diff --git a/1ch/02/45.md b/1ch/02/45.md index c62ea411a..6f2d990f6 100644 --- a/1ch/02/45.md +++ b/1ch/02/45.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: All of the names here except Ephah are the names of men. Ephah is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/concubine]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jotham]] diff --git a/1ch/03/06.md b/1ch/03/06.md index 23e888d42..b38a6aa60 100644 --- a/1ch/03/06.md +++ b/1ch/03/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names in this list except Tamar are the names of men. Tamar is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/concubine]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/tamar]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sister]] diff --git a/1ch/03/13.md b/1ch/03/13.md index 4b987f6e2..3fa56b7ae 100644 --- a/1ch/03/13.md +++ b/1ch/03/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ahaz]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/hezekiah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/manasseh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josiah]] diff --git a/1ch/03/15.md b/1ch/03/15.md index 4b987f6e2..b6552dd14 100644 --- a/1ch/03/15.md +++ b/1ch/03/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of David's descendants who became king. All of the names in this list are the names of men. Form these sentences as you did starting in [1 Chronicles 3:10](./10.md). +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josiah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jehoiakim]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/zedekiah]] diff --git a/1ch/04/01.md b/1ch/04/01.md index e6c8c3a1d..9d2603aa0 100644 --- a/1ch/04/01.md +++ b/1ch/04/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names in this list except the Zorathites are the names of men. Zorathites is the name of a people group who took their name from the town of Zorah where they lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/judah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/clan]] diff --git a/1ch/07/17.md b/1ch/07/17.md index a52ad25e3..f3360428e 100644 --- a/1ch/07/17.md +++ b/1ch/07/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: All of the names here except Hammoleketh are the names of men. Hammoleketh is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] diff --git a/1ch/07/23.md b/1ch/07/23.md index d5ac6d17f..77d1d3dd8 100644 --- a/1ch/07/23.md +++ b/1ch/07/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# He went in to his wife + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he had sexual relations with his wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # She conceived and bore a son "She became pregnant and gave birth to a son" diff --git a/1ch/07/25.md b/1ch/07/25.md index 55e684470..b72ac2d17 100644 --- a/1ch/07/25.md +++ b/1ch/07/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/joshua]] diff --git a/1ch/07/30.md b/1ch/07/30.md index cfdd97efd..343bbe5a7 100644 --- a/1ch/07/30.md +++ b/1ch/07/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: All of the names here except Serah and Shua are the names of men. Serah and Shua are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/asher]] diff --git a/1ch/07/33.md b/1ch/07/33.md index 55e684470..4a2817c61 100644 --- a/1ch/07/33.md +++ b/1ch/07/33.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/children]] diff --git a/1ch/08/01.md b/1ch/08/01.md index 55e684470..d5ff1a83d 100644 --- a/1ch/08/01.md +++ b/1ch/08/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]] diff --git a/1ch/08/19.md b/1ch/08/19.md index 2f9337bec..faa8ba951 100644 --- a/1ch/08/19.md +++ b/1ch/08/19.md @@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) The information in [1 Chronicles 8:19-21](./19.md) has been rearranged so its meaning can be more easily understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/shimei]] diff --git a/1ch/08/32.md b/1ch/08/32.md index f4073771b..997ba0216 100644 --- a/1ch/08/32.md +++ b/1ch/08/32.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: All of the names here (except Jerusalem) are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/saul]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jonathan]] diff --git a/1ch/09/38.md b/1ch/09/38.md index 55e684470..f50eedfb0 100644 --- a/1ch/09/38.md +++ b/1ch/09/38.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: All of the names here are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/saul]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jonathan]] diff --git a/1ch/11/26.md b/1ch/11/26.md index 57a80332b..0e6b10ac6 100644 --- a/1ch/11/26.md +++ b/1ch/11/26.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: This begins a list of David's thirty most important warriors. The list contains the names of the men and the clans to which they belonged. The list continues through [1 Chronicles 11:47](./45.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mighty]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/joab]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/bethlehem]] diff --git a/1ch/11/30.md b/1ch/11/30.md index 4ed862183..786192bd0 100644 --- a/1ch/11/30.md +++ b/1ch/11/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] diff --git a/1ch/11/38.md b/1ch/11/38.md index 4ed862183..5a1bfa9d7 100644 --- a/1ch/11/38.md +++ b/1ch/11/38.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # Connecting Statement: This continues the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ammon]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/armor]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/joab]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/uriah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/hittite]] diff --git a/1ch/11/45.md b/1ch/11/45.md index 4f60d9c78..35943d707 100644 --- a/1ch/11/45.md +++ b/1ch/11/45.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: This concludes the list of David's thirty most important warriors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/moab]] diff --git a/1ch/12/05.md b/1ch/12/05.md index 77d5f51b1..01aaadb47 100644 --- a/1ch/12/05.md +++ b/1ch/12/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: This continues the list of the men from the tribe of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/korah]] diff --git a/1ch/13/intro.md b/1ch/13/intro.md index 9aa523e65..a2487057a 100644 --- a/1ch/13/intro.md +++ b/1ch/13/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Ark of the covenant ##### -David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +David tried to bring the ark to Jerusalem on an ox cart instead of being carried by priests as the law said to do. The ox stumbled and Uzzah touched the ark to keep it from falling and he immediately died because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ch/15/22.md b/1ch/15/22.md index aa18ef7ed..20ec88c0b 100644 --- a/1ch/15/22.md +++ b/1ch/15/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: This continues the list of men whom the Levites appointed to sing and play music as the people brought the ark to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/trumpet]] diff --git a/1ch/17/intro.md b/1ch/17/intro.md index 9899886e0..d04a5dd61 100644 --- a/1ch/17/intro.md +++ b/1ch/17/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Building the temple ##### -David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) +David wanted to build a temple for God but God would not allow him to. Instead he promised that his son, Solomon, would build the temple and he promised David would have a descendant who would be king forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ch/23/07.md b/1ch/23/07.md index 46cf4f899..8b3732cdf 100644 --- a/1ch/23/07.md +++ b/1ch/23/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: This is the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/clan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] diff --git a/1ch/23/15.md b/1ch/23/15.md index 26d5c2597..e500ce926 100644 --- a/1ch/23/15.md +++ b/1ch/23/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] diff --git a/1ch/23/21.md b/1ch/23/21.md index 26d5c2597..e9f2b9b4b 100644 --- a/1ch/23/21.md +++ b/1ch/23/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of Levites according to their clans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] diff --git a/1ch/24/07.md b/1ch/24/07.md index 0d14cdfcb..a0a095251 100644 --- a/1ch/24/07.md +++ b/1ch/24/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: This is the order of service for the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/abijah]] diff --git a/1ch/front/intro.md b/1ch/front/intro.md index 349a3020a..9fd751c0a 100644 --- a/1ch/front/intro.md +++ b/1ch/front/intro.md @@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles often wrote about "seeking God." To "seek God" #### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### -The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. \ No newline at end of file +The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. diff --git a/1ch/span.md b/1ch/span.md index 100b9627b..c0b4efd4b 100644 --- a/1ch/span.md +++ b/1ch/span.md @@ -1,611 +1,611 @@ -Old version of [1ch\01\01.md](../../v11/1ch/01/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../1ch/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../1ch/01/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/01/03.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\01.md](../../v11/1ch/01/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/01/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/01/04.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\05.md](../../v11/1ch/01/05.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../1ch/01/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../1ch/01/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../1ch/01/07.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\11.md](../../v11/1ch/01/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../1ch/01/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../1ch/01/12.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\13.md](../../v11/1ch/01/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../1ch/01/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../1ch/01/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../1ch/01/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../1ch/01/16.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\43.md](../../v11/1ch/01/43.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../1ch/01/43.md) -* [Verse: 44](../1ch/01/44.md) -* [Verse: 45](../1ch/01/45.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\43.md](../../v11/1ch/01/43.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../1ch/01/43.md) -* [Verse: 44](../1ch/01/44.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\46.md](../../v11/1ch/01/46.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 46](../1ch/01/46.md) -* [Verse: 47](../1ch/01/47.md) -* [Verse: 48](../1ch/01/48.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\46.md](../../v11/1ch/01/46.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 46](../1ch/01/46.md) -* [Verse: 47](../1ch/01/47.md) -* [Verse: 48](../1ch/01/48.md) - -Old version of [1ch\01\49.md](../../v11/1ch/01/49.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 49](../1ch/01/49.md) -* [Verse: 50](../1ch/01/50.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\03.md](../../v11/1ch/02/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/02/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/02/04.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\13.md](../../v11/1ch/02/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../1ch/02/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../1ch/02/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../1ch/02/15.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\18.md](../../v11/1ch/02/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../1ch/02/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../1ch/02/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../1ch/02/20.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\18.md](../../v11/1ch/02/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../1ch/02/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../1ch/02/19.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\23.md](../../v11/1ch/02/23.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../1ch/02/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../1ch/02/24.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\42.md](../../v11/1ch/02/42.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 42](../1ch/02/42.md) -* [Verse: 44](../1ch/02/44.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\50.md](../../v11/1ch/02/50.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 50](../1ch/02/50.md) -* [Verse: 51](../1ch/02/51.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\50.md](../../v11/1ch/02/50.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 50](../1ch/02/50.md) -* [Verse: 51](../1ch/02/51.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\52.md](../../v11/1ch/02/52.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 52](../1ch/02/52.md) -* [Verse: 53](../1ch/02/53.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\54.md](../../v11/1ch/02/54.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 54](../1ch/02/54.md) -* [Verse: 55](../1ch/02/55.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\54.md](../../v11/1ch/02/54.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 54](../1ch/02/54.md) -* [Verse: 55](../1ch/02/55.md) - -Old version of [1ch\02\54.md](../../v11/1ch/02/54.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 54](../1ch/02/54.md) -* [Verse: 55](../1ch/02/55.md) - -Old version of [1ch\03\01.md](../../v11/1ch/03/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../1ch/03/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../1ch/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/03/03.md) - -Old version of [1ch\03\01.md](../../v11/1ch/03/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../1ch/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/03/03.md) - -Old version of [1ch\04\03.md](../../v11/1ch/04/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/04/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/04/04.md) - -Old version of [1ch\04\03.md](../../v11/1ch/04/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/04/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/04/04.md) - -Old version of 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a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../1ch/04/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../1ch/04/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../1ch/04/23.md) - -Old version of [1ch\04\24.md](../../v11/1ch/04/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../1ch/04/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../1ch/04/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../1ch/04/26.md) - -Old version of [1ch\04\29.md](../../v11/1ch/04/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/04/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../1ch/04/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../1ch/04/31.md) - -Old version of [1ch\04\34.md](../../v11/1ch/04/34.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../1ch/04/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../1ch/04/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../1ch/04/36.md) -* [Verse: 37](../1ch/04/37.md) - -Old version of [1ch\05\04.md](../../v11/1ch/05/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/05/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../1ch/05/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../1ch/05/06.md) - -Old version of 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[Verse: 7](../1ch/06/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../1ch/06/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1ch/06/09.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\10.md](../../v11/1ch/06/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../1ch/06/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../1ch/06/12.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\13.md](../../v11/1ch/06/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../1ch/06/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../1ch/06/14.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\19.md](../../v11/1ch/06/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../1ch/06/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../1ch/06/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../1ch/06/21.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\22.md](../../v11/1ch/06/22.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../1ch/06/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../1ch/06/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../1ch/06/24.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\25.md](../../v11/1ch/06/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../1ch/06/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../1ch/06/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../1ch/06/27.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\28.md](../../v11/1ch/06/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../1ch/06/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/06/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../1ch/06/30.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\33.md](../../v11/1ch/06/33.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../1ch/06/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../1ch/06/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../1ch/06/35.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\33.md](../../v11/1ch/06/33.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../1ch/06/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../1ch/06/35.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\36.md](../../v11/1ch/06/36.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../1ch/06/37.md) -* [Verse: 38](../1ch/06/38.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\39.md](../../v11/1ch/06/39.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: -* [Verse: 39](../1ch/06/39.md) -* [Verse: 40](../1ch/06/40.md) -* [Verse: 41](../1ch/06/41.md) -* [Verse: 42](../1ch/06/42.md) -* [Verse: 43](../1ch/06/43.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\44.md](../../v11/1ch/06/44.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 44](../1ch/06/44.md) -* [Verse: 45](../1ch/06/45.md) -* [Verse: 46](../1ch/06/46.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\57.md](../../v11/1ch/06/57.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 57](../1ch/06/57.md) -* [Verse: 58](../1ch/06/58.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\59.md](../../v11/1ch/06/59.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 59](../1ch/06/59.md) -* [Verse: 60](../1ch/06/60.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\66.md](../../v11/1ch/06/66.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 67](../1ch/06/67.md) -* [Verse: 68](../1ch/06/68.md) -* [Verse: 69](../1ch/06/69.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\71.md](../../v11/1ch/06/71.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 71](../1ch/06/71.md) -* [Verse: 72](../1ch/06/72.md) -* [Verse: 73](../1ch/06/73.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\74.md](../../v11/1ch/06/74.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 74](../1ch/06/74.md) -* [Verse: 75](../1ch/06/75.md) -* [Verse: 76](../1ch/06/76.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\77.md](../../v11/1ch/06/77.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 77](../1ch/06/77.md) -* [Verse: 78](../1ch/06/78.md) -* [Verse: 79](../1ch/06/79.md) - -Old version of [1ch\06\80.md](../../v11/1ch/06/80.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 80](../1ch/06/80.md) -* [Verse: 81](../1ch/06/81.md) - -Old version of [1ch\07\11.md](../../v11/1ch/07/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../1ch/07/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../1ch/07/12.md) - -Old version of [1ch\07\14.md](../../v11/1ch/07/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../1ch/07/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../1ch/07/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../1ch/07/16.md) - -Old version of [1ch\07\28.md](../../v11/1ch/07/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../1ch/07/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/07/29.md) - -Old version of [1ch\08\08.md](../../v11/1ch/08/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../1ch/08/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1ch/08/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../1ch/08/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../1ch/08/11.md) - -Old version of [1ch\08\08.md](../../v11/1ch/08/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../1ch/08/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1ch/08/09.md) - -Old version of [1ch\08\12.md](../../v11/1ch/08/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../1ch/08/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../1ch/08/13.md) - -Old version of [1ch\08\12.md](../../v11/1ch/08/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../1ch/08/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../1ch/08/13.md) - -Old version of [1ch\09\17.md](../../v11/1ch/09/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../1ch/09/17.md) -* [Verse: 19](../1ch/09/19.md) - -Old version of [1ch\09\30.md](../../v11/1ch/09/30.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../1ch/09/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../1ch/09/32.md) - -Old version of [1ch\12\09.md](../../v11/1ch/12/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../1ch/12/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../1ch/12/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../1ch/12/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../1ch/12/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../1ch/12/13.md) - -Old version of [1ch\12\29.md](../../v11/1ch/12/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/12/29.md) -* [Verse: 31](../1ch/12/31.md) - -Old version of [1ch\12\32.md](../../v11/1ch/12/32.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../1ch/12/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../1ch/12/33.md) - -Old version of [1ch\13\05.md](../../v11/1ch/13/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../1ch/13/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../1ch/13/06.md) - -Old version of [1ch\14\03.md](../../v11/1ch/14/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../1ch/14/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../1ch/14/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../1ch/14/07.md) - -Old version of [1ch\14\10.md](../../v11/1ch/14/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../1ch/14/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../1ch/14/11.md) - -Old version of [1ch\15\19.md](../../v11/1ch/15/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../1ch/15/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../1ch/15/21.md) - -Old version of [1ch\16\04.md](../../v11/1ch/16/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../1ch/16/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../1ch/16/06.md) - -Old version of [1ch\17\03.md](../../v11/1ch/17/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/17/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/17/04.md) - -Old version of [1ch\17\03.md](../../v11/1ch/17/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 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[Verse: 22](../1ch/25/22.md) -* [Verse: 24](../1ch/25/24.md) - -Old version of [1ch\25\21.md](../../v11/1ch/25/21.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../1ch/25/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../1ch/25/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../1ch/25/24.md) - -Old version of [1ch\25\25.md](../../v11/1ch/25/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../1ch/25/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../1ch/25/26.md) -* [Verse: 28](../1ch/25/28.md) - -Old version of [1ch\25\25.md](../../v11/1ch/25/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../1ch/25/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../1ch/25/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../1ch/25/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../1ch/25/28.md) - -Old version of [1ch\25\29.md](../../v11/1ch/25/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/25/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../1ch/25/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../1ch/25/31.md) - -Old version of [1ch\25\29.md](../../v11/1ch/25/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 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-* [Verse: 28](../1ch/27/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/27/29.md) - -Old version of [1ch\27\28.md](../../v11/1ch/27/28.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../1ch/27/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../1ch/27/29.md) - -Old version of [1ch\27\32.md](../../v11/1ch/27/32.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../1ch/27/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../1ch/27/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../1ch/27/34.md) - -Old version of [1ch\29\03.md](../../v11/1ch/29/03.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1ch/29/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ch/29/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../1ch/29/05.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/01/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/01/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/01/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\05.md](../../v11/zep/01/05.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/01/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\11.md](../../v11/zep/01/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/01/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/01/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\13.md](../../v11/zep/01/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/01/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/01/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/01/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/01/16.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\43.md](../../v11/zep/01/43.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/01/43.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/01/44.md) +* [Verse: 45](../zep/01/45.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\43.md](../../v11/zep/01/43.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/01/43.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/01/44.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\46.md](../../v11/zep/01/46.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 46](../zep/01/46.md) +* [Verse: 47](../zep/01/47.md) +* [Verse: 48](../zep/01/48.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\46.md](../../v11/zep/01/46.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 46](../zep/01/46.md) +* [Verse: 47](../zep/01/47.md) +* [Verse: 48](../zep/01/48.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\49.md](../../v11/zep/01/49.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 49](../zep/01/49.md) +* [Verse: 50](../zep/01/50.md) + +Old version of [zep\02\03.md](../../v11/zep/02/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/02/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/02/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\02\13.md](../../v11/zep/02/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/02/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/02/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/02/15.md) + +Old version of 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50](../zep/02/50.md) +* [Verse: 51](../zep/02/51.md) + +Old version of [zep\02\52.md](../../v11/zep/02/52.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 52](../zep/02/52.md) +* [Verse: 53](../zep/02/53.md) + +Old version of [zep\02\54.md](../../v11/zep/02/54.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 54](../zep/02/54.md) +* [Verse: 55](../zep/02/55.md) + +Old version of [zep\02\54.md](../../v11/zep/02/54.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 54](../zep/02/54.md) +* [Verse: 55](../zep/02/55.md) + +Old version of [zep\02\54.md](../../v11/zep/02/54.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 54](../zep/02/54.md) +* [Verse: 55](../zep/02/55.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/03/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\03.md](../../v11/zep/04/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/04/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/04/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\03.md](../../v11/zep/04/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/04/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/04/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\05.md](../../v11/zep/04/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/04/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/04/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/04/08.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\11.md](../../v11/zep/04/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/04/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/04/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\13.md](../../v11/zep/04/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/04/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/04/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/04/16.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\19.md](../../v11/zep/04/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/04/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/04/20.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\21.md](../../v11/zep/04/21.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/04/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/04/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\21.md](../../v11/zep/04/21.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/04/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/04/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/04/23.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\24.md](../../v11/zep/04/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/04/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/04/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/04/26.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\29.md](../../v11/zep/04/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/04/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/04/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/04/31.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\34.md](../../v11/zep/04/34.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/04/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/04/35.md) +* [Verse: 36](../zep/04/36.md) +* [Verse: 37](../zep/04/37.md) + +Old version of [zep\05\04.md](../../v11/zep/05/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/05/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/05/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/05/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\05\07.md](../../v11/zep/05/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/05/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/05/08.md) + +Old version of [zep\05\11.md](../../v11/zep/05/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/05/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/05/13.md) + +Old version of [zep\05\14.md](../../v11/zep/05/14.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/05/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/05/15.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\01.md](../../v11/zep/06/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/06/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/06/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/06/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\04.md](../../v11/zep/06/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/06/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/06/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/06/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\07.md](../../v11/zep/06/07.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/06/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/06/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/06/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\10.md](../../v11/zep/06/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/06/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/06/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\13.md](../../v11/zep/06/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/06/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/06/14.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\19.md](../../v11/zep/06/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/06/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/06/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/06/21.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\22.md](../../v11/zep/06/22.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/06/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/06/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/06/24.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\25.md](../../v11/zep/06/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/06/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/06/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/06/27.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\28.md](../../v11/zep/06/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/06/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/06/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/06/30.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\33.md](../../v11/zep/06/33.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/06/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/06/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/06/35.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\33.md](../../v11/zep/06/33.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/06/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/06/35.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\36.md](../../v11/zep/06/36.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 37](../zep/06/37.md) +* [Verse: 38](../zep/06/38.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\39.md](../../v11/zep/06/39.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: +* [Verse: 39](../zep/06/39.md) +* [Verse: 40](../zep/06/40.md) +* [Verse: 41](../zep/06/41.md) +* [Verse: 42](../zep/06/42.md) +* [Verse: 43](../zep/06/43.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\44.md](../../v11/zep/06/44.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 44](../zep/06/44.md) +* [Verse: 45](../zep/06/45.md) +* [Verse: 46](../zep/06/46.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\57.md](../../v11/zep/06/57.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 57](../zep/06/57.md) +* [Verse: 58](../zep/06/58.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\59.md](../../v11/zep/06/59.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 59](../zep/06/59.md) +* [Verse: 60](../zep/06/60.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\66.md](../../v11/zep/06/66.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 67](../zep/06/67.md) +* [Verse: 68](../zep/06/68.md) +* [Verse: 69](../zep/06/69.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\71.md](../../v11/zep/06/71.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 71](../zep/06/71.md) +* [Verse: 72](../zep/06/72.md) +* [Verse: 73](../zep/06/73.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\74.md](../../v11/zep/06/74.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 74](../zep/06/74.md) +* [Verse: 75](../zep/06/75.md) +* [Verse: 76](../zep/06/76.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\77.md](../../v11/zep/06/77.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 77](../zep/06/77.md) +* [Verse: 78](../zep/06/78.md) +* [Verse: 79](../zep/06/79.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\80.md](../../v11/zep/06/80.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 80](../zep/06/80.md) +* [Verse: 81](../zep/06/81.md) + +Old version of [zep\07\11.md](../../v11/zep/07/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/07/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/07/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\07\14.md](../../v11/zep/07/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/07/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/07/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/07/16.md) + +Old version of [zep\07\28.md](../../v11/zep/07/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/07/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/07/29.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\08.md](../../v11/zep/08/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/08/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/08/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/08/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/08/11.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\08.md](../../v11/zep/08/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/08/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/08/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\12.md](../../v11/zep/08/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/08/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/08/13.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\12.md](../../v11/zep/08/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/08/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/08/13.md) + +Old version of [zep\09\17.md](../../v11/zep/09/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/09/17.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/09/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\09\30.md](../../v11/zep/09/30.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/09/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/09/32.md) + +Old version of [zep\12\09.md](../../v11/zep/12/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/12/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/12/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/12/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/12/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/12/13.md) + +Old version of [zep\12\29.md](../../v11/zep/12/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/12/29.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/12/31.md) + +Old version of [zep\12\32.md](../../v11/zep/12/32.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 32](../zep/12/32.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/12/33.md) + +Old version of [zep\13\05.md](../../v11/zep/13/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/13/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/13/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\14\03.md](../../v11/zep/14/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/14/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/14/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/14/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\14\10.md](../../v11/zep/14/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/14/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/14/11.md) + +Old version of [zep\15\19.md](../../v11/zep/15/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/15/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/15/21.md) + +Old version of [zep\16\04.md](../../v11/zep/16/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/16/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/16/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\17\03.md](../../v11/zep/17/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/17/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/17/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\17\03.md](../../v11/zep/17/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/17/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/17/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\18\09.md](../../v11/zep/18/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/18/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/18/10.md) + +Old version of [zep\18\14.md](../../v11/zep/18/14.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/18/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/18/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/18/17.md) + +Old version of [zep\19\01.md](../../v11/zep/19/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/19/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/19/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\19\06.md](../../v11/zep/19/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/19/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/19/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\19\06.md](../../v11/zep/19/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/19/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/19/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\19\10.md](../../v11/zep/19/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/19/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/19/11.md) + +Old version of [zep\20\02.md](../../v11/zep/20/02.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/20/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/20/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\20\04.md](../../v11/zep/20/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/20/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/20/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\20\04.md](../../v11/zep/20/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/20/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/20/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\20\04.md](../../v11/zep/20/04.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/20/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/20/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\21\01.md](../../v11/zep/21/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/21/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/21/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\21\18.md](../../v11/zep/21/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/21/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/21/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\21\28.md](../../v11/zep/21/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/21/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/21/30.md) + +Old version of [zep\22\06.md](../../v11/zep/22/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/22/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/22/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\23.md](../../v11/zep/24/23.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/24/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/24/25.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\23.md](../../v11/zep/24/23.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/24/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/24/25.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\26.md](../../v11/zep/24/26.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/24/26.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/24/28.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\26.md](../../v11/zep/24/26.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/24/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/24/27.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\26.md](../../v11/zep/24/26.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/24/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/24/27.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\29.md](../../v11/zep/24/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/24/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/24/30.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\29.md](../../v11/zep/24/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/24/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/24/30.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\09.md](../../v11/zep/25/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/25/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/25/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/25/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/25/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\09.md](../../v11/zep/25/09.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/25/10.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/25/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\13.md](../../v11/zep/25/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/25/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/25/14.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/25/16.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\13.md](../../v11/zep/25/13.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/25/13.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/25/16.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\17.md](../../v11/zep/25/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/25/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/25/18.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/25/20.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\17.md](../../v11/zep/25/17.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/25/17.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/25/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\21.md](../../v11/zep/25/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/25/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/25/22.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/25/24.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\21.md](../../v11/zep/25/21.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/25/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/25/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/25/24.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\25.md](../../v11/zep/25/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/25/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/25/26.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/25/28.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\25.md](../../v11/zep/25/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/25/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/25/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/25/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/25/28.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\29.md](../../v11/zep/25/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/25/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/25/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/25/31.md) + +Old version of [zep\25\29.md](../../v11/zep/25/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/25/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/25/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/25/31.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\01.md](../../v11/zep/26/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/26/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/26/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\01.md](../../v11/zep/26/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/26/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/26/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\01.md](../../v11/zep/26/01.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/26/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/26/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\04.md](../../v11/zep/26/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/26/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/26/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\04.md](../../v11/zep/26/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/26/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/26/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\07.md](../../v11/zep/26/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/26/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/26/08.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\07.md](../../v11/zep/26/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/26/07.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/26/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\10.md](../../v11/zep/26/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/26/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/26/11.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\20.md](../../v11/zep/26/20.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/26/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/26/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\20.md](../../v11/zep/26/20.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/26/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/26/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\23.md](../../v11/zep/26/23.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/26/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/26/25.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\29.md](../../v11/zep/26/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/26/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/26/30.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\01.md](../../v11/zep/27/01.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/27/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/27/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\04.md](../../v11/zep/27/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/27/04.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/27/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\07.md](../../v11/zep/27/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/27/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/27/08.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\10.md](../../v11/zep/27/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/27/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/27/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/27/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\10.md](../../v11/zep/27/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/27/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/27/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/27/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\13.md](../../v11/zep/27/13.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/27/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/27/14.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\16.md](../../v11/zep/27/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/27/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/27/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/27/18.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\19.md](../../v11/zep/27/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/27/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/27/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/27/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/27/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\25.md](../../v11/zep/27/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/27/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/27/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/27/27.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\28.md](../../v11/zep/27/28.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/27/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/27/29.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\28.md](../../v11/zep/27/28.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/27/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/27/29.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\32.md](../../v11/zep/27/32.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 32](../zep/27/32.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/27/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/27/34.md) + +Old version of [zep\29\03.md](../../v11/zep/29/03.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/29/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/29/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/29/05.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1co/01/intro.md b/1co/01/intro.md index 90f514f90..3ca248514 100644 --- a/1co/01/intro.md +++ b/1co/01/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of In this chapter, Paul scolds the church for being divided and for following different apostles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) ##### Spiritual gifts ##### -Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities to help the church. The Holy Spirit gives these gifts to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. Paul lists spiritual gifts in Chapter 12. Some scholars believe the Holy Spirit gave some of these gifts only in the early church to help establish the developing church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities to help the church. The Holy Spirit gives these gifts to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. Paul lists spiritual gifts in Chapter 12. Some scholars believe the Holy Spirit gave some of these gifts only in the early church to help establish the developing church. Other scholars believe all the gifts of the Spirit are still available to help all Christians throughout the church history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/1co/02/intro.md b/1co/02/intro.md index 4d534a521..d6486ec01 100644 --- a/1co/02/intro.md +++ b/1co/02/intro.md @@ -2,14 +2,12 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:9 and 2:16 - -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 2:16. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Wisdom ##### -Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter contrasting human and God's wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Human ideas are foolish. Paul uses the phrase "hidden wisdom" in referring to truths that were not previously known. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) +Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter that contrasts human wisdom and God's wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple and human ideas foolish. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Paul uses the phrase "hidden wisdom" when he refers to previously unknown truths. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/03/intro.md b/1co/03/intro.md index fa3e8a908..50cb08782 100644 --- a/1co/03/intro.md +++ b/1co/03/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translation set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quotations in 3:19 and 3:20. +Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -== Fleshly people== -The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning thinking as a nonbeliever. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are foolish and they are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) +##### Fleshly people ##### +The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them "fleshly," meaning acting as nonbelievers. This term is used in opposition to those who are "spiritual." Christians following their "flesh" are acting foolishly. They are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -There are many metaphors in this chapter. He uses "babies" and "milk" as illustrations of spiritual immaturity. Paul uses the metaphors of planting and watering, to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul also uses many other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +There are many metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses "babies" and "milk" to illustrate spiritual immaturity. He uses the metaphors of planting and watering to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul uses other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians and to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## * __[1 Corinthians 03:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/1co/04/intro.md b/1co/04/intro.md index b0e00a54a..edf1e95d1 100644 --- a/1co/04/intro.md +++ b/1co/04/intro.md @@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Pride ##### -Paul contrasts the Corinthians' pride with the humbleness of the apostles. The Corinthian believers have no reason to be proud because all that they have, and all they are, is a gift from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) +Paul contrasts the Corinthians being proud with the apostles being humble. The Corinthian believers had no reason to be proud. All that they had, and all they were, was a gift from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -There are many metaphors in this chapter. The apostles are described as servants. Paul speaks of a victory parade where the apostles are the prisoners who will be killed. He uses a rod to stand for punishment. He calls himself their father because he is their "spiritual father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +Paul uses many metaphors in this chapter. He describes the apostles as servants. Paul speaks of a victory parade where the apostles are the prisoners who will be killed. He uses a rod to stand for punishment. He calls himself their father because he is their "spiritual father." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) ##### Irony ##### -Paul uses irony to shame the pride of the Corinthians. The Corinthian believers are reigning but the apostles are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians for being proud. The Corinthian believers are reigning but the apostles are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/05/01.md b/1co/05/01.md index 605c11c00..28ee30eb6 100644 --- a/1co/05/01.md +++ b/1co/05/01.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Paul now specifically states about what sin of theirs he has heard, and how the This can be stated in active form. AT: "that not even the Gentiles permit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# one of you is sleeping with +# A man has his father's wife -"Sleeping with" here is a euphemism for "commiting adultery with" AT: one of you is commiting adultery with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"A man among you is commiting adultery with his father's wife" # father's wife diff --git a/1co/05/intro.md b/1co/05/intro.md index 4d5777088..28415f470 100644 --- a/1co/05/intro.md +++ b/1co/05/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 5:13. +Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 13. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Euphemisms ##### -Paul uses euphemisms to describe sensitive topics. This chapter deals with sexual immorality of one church member. To "hand this man over to Satan for the destruction of the flesh," means to allow Satan to destroy his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fornication]]) +Paul uses euphemisms to describe sensitive topics. This chapter deals with sexual immorality of one church member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fornication]]) ##### Metaphor ##### -He uses an extended comparison using many metaphors. Yeast represents evil. The loaf probably represents the whole congregation. The unleavened bread represents a pure life. The Passover represents the Christian life. So the whole passage means: Don't you know that a little evil will affect the whole congregation. So clean yourselves from evil so you will all be good. Christ has been sacrificed for us; so let us be sincere and truthful and not wicked and behaving badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) +Paul uses an extended comparison using many metaphors. Yeast represents evil. The loaf probably represents the whole congregation. The unleavened bread represents living purely. So the whole passage means: Don't you know that a little evil will affect the whole congregation? So get rid of the evil so you can live purely. Christ has been sacrificed for us. So let us be sincere and truthful and not wicked and behaving badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/06/intro.md b/1co/06/intro.md index 554944bc7..7e6d74953 100644 --- a/1co/06/intro.md +++ b/1co/06/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ ##### Lawsuits ##### -Christians should not take another Christian to court before a non-Christian judge. It is better to be cheated. Since Christians will judge the angels, they should be able to solve problems among themselves. It is especially bad to use a court to cheat another believer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) +Paul teaches that a Christian should not take another Christian to court before a non-Christian judge. It is better to be cheated. Christians will judge the angels. So they should be able to solve problems among themselves. It is especially bad to use a court to cheat another believer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -The temple of the Holy Spirit is an important metaphor. It is a reference to the place where the Holy Spirit stays and is worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The temple of the Holy Spirit is an important metaphor. It refers to the place where the Holy Spirit stays and is worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/07/27.md b/1co/07/27.md index 9dc91dcdd..6926bac6b 100644 --- a/1co/07/27.md +++ b/1co/07/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if he were speaking to each person, so all these instances of "you" and the command "do not seek" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + +# Are you married to a wife? Do not ... + + + # Do not seek a divorce "Do not try to divorce her" or "Do try to separate from her" diff --git a/1co/07/28.md b/1co/07/28.md index 44e8b0199..960941136 100644 --- a/1co/07/28.md +++ b/1co/07/28.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # I want to spare you from this -The word "this" refers to the kinds of worldly trouble that married people might have. AT: "I want to help you not to have worldly trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The word "this" refers to the kinds of worldly trouble that married people might have. AT: "I want to help you not to have worldly trouble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/1co/07/intro.md b/1co/07/intro.md index fe0ec9c52..d9f694aac 100644 --- a/1co/07/intro.md +++ b/1co/07/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Paul begins to answer a series of questions which may have been asked of him. The first question involves marriage. The second question is on changing one's status: a slave trying to become free, a Gentile becoming a Jew or a Jew becoming a Gentile. +Paul begins to answer a series of questions that the Corinthians may have asked him. The first question is about marriage. The second question is about a slave trying to become free, a Gentile becoming a Jew, or a Jew becoming a Gentile. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Divorce ##### -Christians should try not to divorce. Believers married to unbelievers should not leave their husband or wife. If the unbelieving husband or wife leaves, this is not considered to be sin. Paul advises that, because of the difficult times and the nearness to the return of Jesus, remaining unmarried is an acceptable option. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Paul says married Christians should not divorce. A Christian married to an unbeliever should not leave their husband or wife. If the unbelieving husband or wife leaves, this is not a sin. Paul advises that, because of the difficult times and being near to time that Jesus will return, it is acceptable to remain unmarried. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Euphemisms ##### -There are many euphemisms used to describe sexual relations because this is often a taboo topic and many cultures do not wish to speak openly about these matters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Paul uses many euphemisms to discreetly refer to sexual relations. This is often a sensitive topic. Many cultures do not wish to speak openly about these matters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/08/intro.md b/1co/08/intro.md index 62c6ff8e2..445adca3d 100644 --- a/1co/08/intro.md +++ b/1co/08/intro.md @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Chapters 8-10 form a single unit that answers the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" +In Chapters 8-10, Paul answers the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -==Meat sacrificed to idols == -Paul answers their question by saying that idols are gods that do not really exist, and that therefore there is nothing wrong with the meat. However, someone who does not understand a Christian's freedom to eat this meat may see a Christian eating and be encouraged to eat the meat as an act of worship to the idol. +##### Meat sacrificed to idols ##### +Paul answers this question by saying that idols are gods that do not really exist. Therefore nothing is wrong with the meat. Christians are free to eat it. However, someone who does not understand this may see a Christian eating it. They may then be encouraged to eat the meat as an act of worship to the idol. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/09/intro.md b/1co/09/intro.md index cad08b397..fb189bfb2 100644 --- a/1co/09/intro.md +++ b/1co/09/intro.md @@ -2,23 +2,25 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" In this chapter, Paul defends himself from the claim of trying to make financial gains from the church. +Paul defends himself in this chapter. Some people claimed that he was trying to gain financially from the church. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Earning money from the church ##### -People have accused Paul of just wanting money from the Church. Paul answers that he has a right to get money from the Church because the Old Testament taught that those who worked should get their living from their work. He and Barnabas purposefully never used this right and earned their own living. +People accused Paul of just wanting money from the church. Paul answered that he rightfully could get money from the church. The Old Testament taught that those who worked should get their living from their work. He and Barnabas purposefully never used this right and earned their own living. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors teach complex truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul uses many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors teach complex truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Contextualization ##### +This passage is important because Paul "contextualizes" ministering the gospel to different audiences. This means that Paul makes himself and the gospel understandable without his actions hindering the gospel being received. The translator should take extra care to preserve aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) -This passage is important because Paul "contextualizes" his ministry in service of the gospel to different audiences. This means that Paul makes himself and the gospel understandable without his actions hindering the gospel's reception. The translator may wish to take extra care in preserving aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize various points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/10/intro.md b/1co/10/intro.md index d98241eb9..d17975008 100644 --- a/1co/10/intro.md +++ b/1co/10/intro.md @@ -2,15 +2,20 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Chapters 8-10 form a single unit, answering the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" In this chapter, Paul uses the exodus as a warning to people not to sin. Then, he returns to discussing meat offered to idols, using the Lord's Supper as an example. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Chapters 8-10 together answer the question: "Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?" + +In this chapter, Paul uses the exodus to warn people not to sin. Then, he returns to discussing meat offered to idols. He uses the Lord's Supper as an example. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Exodus ##### -Paul uses the experiences of Israel leaving Egypt and roaming the desert as a warning to the believers. Although they all followed Moses, they all died on the way and none of them reached the Promised Land. Some worshiped an idol, some tested God, and some grumbled. This is a warning for Christians not to sin because temptation can be resisted because God provides a way of escape. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) +Paul uses the experiences of Israel leaving Egypt and roaming the desert as a warning to the believers. Although the Israelites all followed Moses, they all died on the way. None of them reached the Promised Land. Some worshiped an idol, some tested God, and some grumbled. Paul warns Christians not to sin. We can resist temptation because God provides a way of escape. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) ##### Eating meat sacrificed to idol ##### -Paul discusses meat offered to idols. Christians are allowed to eat, but it may hurt others. So when buying meat or eating with a friend, do not ask if it has been offered to idols; but if someone tells you it has been offered to idols, don't eat it for the sake of that person. Do not offend anyone but seek to save them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +Paul discusses meat offered to idols. Christians are allowed to eat, but it may hurt others. So when buying meat or eating with a friend, do not ask if it has been offered to idols. But if someone tells you it has been offered to idols, don't eat it for the sake of that person. Do not offend anyone. Seek to save them instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) + +##### Rhetorical questions ##### +Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/11/intro.md b/1co/11/intro.md index 3c7289464..2710b8e48 100644 --- a/1co/11/intro.md +++ b/1co/11/intro.md @@ -2,18 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (11:1-16) and the Lord's Supper (11:17-34). +This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (verses 1-16) and the Lord's Supper (verses 17-34). #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Proper conduct in a church service ##### ##### Disorderly women ##### - -Paul's instructions here are debated among scholars. It is probable that there were women who were abusing the freedom they had in Christ and were causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The actions themselves were not Paul's concern, the disorder their actions created caused him to be concerned. +Paul's instructions here are debated among scholars. There may have been women who were abusing their Christian freedom and causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The disorder that their actions created would have caused him to be concerned. ##### The Lord's Supper ##### -There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord's Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord's Supper, some ate their own food without sharing, and some got drunk while the poor remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ's death if they participated in the Lord's Supper while at the same time, they were practicing sin or were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) +There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lord's Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lord's Supper, some of them ate their own food without sharing. Some of them got drunk while the poor people remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christ's death if they participated in the Lord's Supper while they were sinning or while they were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### @@ -23,7 +22,7 @@ Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to fo ##### The head ##### -He uses "the head" in reference to a person's actual head and as a metonym for a leader. Since they are so close together, the author likely intentionally used these terms to play on each other. This is called a pun, or a play on words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Paul uses "head" as a metonym for authority in verse 3 and also to refer to a person's actual head in verse 4 and following. Since they are so close together, it is likely that Paul intentionally used "head" in this way. This would show that the ideas in these verses were connected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/12/intro.md b/1co/12/intro.md index 3d0853ad5..dfb8f849d 100644 --- a/1co/12/intro.md +++ b/1co/12/intro.md @@ -4,18 +4,18 @@ ##### Gifts of the Holy Spirit ##### -This chapter begins a new section. Chapters 12-14 discuss the use of the spiritual gifts within the church. +This chapter begins a new section. Chapters 12-14 discuss spiritual gifts within the church. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -#### The Church, the body of Christ ##### +##### The Church, the body of Christ ##### -This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The Church has many different parts, each with different functions. They combine to make one church. All of the different parts are necessary. Each part is to have concern for all the other parts, even those that seem less important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The Church has many different parts. Each part has different functions. They combine to make one church. All of the different parts are necessary. Each part is to be concerned for all the other parts, even those that seem less important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "No one can say, 'Jesus is Lord,' except by the Holy Spirit." ##### -In reading the Old Testament, the Jews would have substituted the word "Lord" for the word "Yahweh." This probably means that no one can say that Jesus is Yahweh, God in the flesh, without the Holy Spirit's influence drawing them to accept this truth. If this statement is translated poorly, it can have unintended theological consequences. +In reading the Old Testament, the Jews would have substituted the word "Lord" for the word "Yahweh." This sentence probably means that no one can say that Jesus is Yahweh, God in the flesh, without the Holy Spirit's influence drawing them to accept this truth. If this statement is translated poorly, it can have unintended theological consequences. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/13/intro.md b/1co/13/intro.md index 703936592..7e006fd40 100644 --- a/1co/13/intro.md +++ b/1co/13/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -While it appears that Paul interrupts his discussion of spiritual gifts, this chapter's contents probably serve a larger function in his teaching on the use of spiritual gifts. +Paul seems to interrupt his teaching about spiritual gifts. However, this chapter probably serves a larger function in his teaching. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Love ##### -Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter gives a full description of love and why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) +Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter fully describes love. Paul tells why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -There are many different metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Spiritual discernment is often needed to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Readers often need spiritual discernment to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/14/intro.md b/1co/14/intro.md index 018d19345..97ca724b2 100644 --- a/1co/14/intro.md +++ b/1co/14/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 14:21. The ULB also sets each line of poetry in the quotation farther to the right. +In this chapter, Paul returns to discussing spiritual gifts. -Paul returns to his discussion on the gifts of the Holy Spirit. +Some translations set what is quoted from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the words of verse 21. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Tongues ##### -The gift of tongues is described as an inferior gift because it primarily serves an individual or a few people within the church; it does not serve the church as a whole. It is also very important that this gift be used in the proper way. The use of tongues is also described as a sign for unbelievers. The exact meaning of this phrase is debated among scholars. +Scholars disagree on the exact meaning of the gift of tongues. Paul describes the gift of tongues as a sign for unbelievers. It does not serve the whole church, unless someone interprets what is spoken. It is very important that the church uses this gift properly. ##### Prophecy ##### -Prophecy is described as a superior gift because it can be used in service of the entire church, unlike the gifts that are primarily helpful to an individual. Prophecy is described as a gift for believers, but the exact meaning of this phrase is debated among scholars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +Scholars disagree on the exact meaning of prophecy as a spiritual gift. Paul says prophets can build up the entire church. He describes prophecy as a gift for believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/15/intro.md b/1co/15/intro.md index 74d4e5d2a..9953b64cc 100644 --- a/1co/15/intro.md +++ b/1co/15/intro.md @@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### ##### Resurrection ##### -This chapter includes a very important teaching about the resurrection of Jesus. The Greek people did not believe that a person could live after they died. Paul defends the resurrection of Jesus and its importance for all believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +This chapter includes a very important teaching about the resurrection of Jesus. The Greek people did not believe that a person could live after they died. Paul defends the resurrection of Jesus. He teaches why it is important to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Resurrection ##### -The resurrection is presented as the ultimate proof that Jesus is God and a central aspect of the gospel. Christ is the first of many who will be raised to life. There are few doctrines as important as this one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]]) +Paul presents the resurrection as the ultimate proof that Jesus is God. Christ is the first of many who God will raise to life. The resurrection is central to the gospel. Few doctrines are as important as this one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -This chapter is filled with many different figures of speech. These help Paul to express difficult theological concepts in a way that people can understand. +Paul uses many different figures of speech in this chapter. He uses them to express difficult theological teachings in a way that people can understand. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/16/intro.md b/1co/16/intro.md index fd5343953..86ddba15f 100644 --- a/1co/16/intro.md +++ b/1co/16/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Paul briefly covers many topics in this chapter. It was common in the ancient Near East for the last part of the letter to have personal greetings. +Paul briefly covers many topics in this chapter. It was common in the ancient Near East for the last part of letters to have personal greetings. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Preparation for his coming ##### -Paul tells them to start collecting money every Sunday for a gift for the believers in Jerusalem. He told them he would come to them and hoped to spend the winter with them. He told them to help Timothy when he came. He had hoped Apollos would go to them, but Apollos did not think it was the right time. Paul also told them to obey Stephanus. Finally he sent his greetings to everyone. These are practical instructions to help prepare the church for his visit. +Paul gave practical instructions to help prepare the Corinthian church for his visit. He told them to start collecting money every Sunday for the believers in Jerusalem. He hoped to come and spend the winter with them. He told them to help Timothy when he came. He had hoped Apollos would go to them, but Apollos did not think it was the right time. Paul also told them to obey Stephanus. Finally, he sent his greetings to everyone. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1co/front/intro.md b/1co/front/intro.md index e32a6ac86..31442e44d 100644 --- a/1co/front/intro.md +++ b/1co/front/intro.md @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ The UDB will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these #### What is the meaning of "flesh?" #### -Paul frequently used the terms "flesh" or "fleshly" to refer to Christians who did sinful things. However, it is not the physical world that is evil. Paul also described Christians who lived in a righteous way as "spiritual." This is because they did what the Holy Spirit taught them to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +Paul frequently used the terms "flesh" or "fleshly" to refer to Christians who did sinful things. However, it is not the physical world that is evil. Paul also described Christians who lived in a righteous way as "spiritual." This is because they did what the Holy Spirit taught them to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) #### What did Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.? #### @@ -65,12 +65,13 @@ Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this ki #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Corinthians? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in 1 Corinthians: +For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. Translators are advised to follow the modern versions of the Bible. However, if in the translators' region there are Bibles that read according to older versions of the Bible, the translators can follow those. If so, these verses should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to 1 Corinthians. -* "and in your spirit, which are God's." (6:20) Some older versions read in this way, although the best copies do not have this reading. -* "I did this even though I myself was not under the law." (9:20) The ULB and UDB read in this way. However, some older versions leave this passage out. -* "For the earth and everything in it belong to the Lord." (10:28) Some older versions have this passage, but the best copies do not have it. The ULB and UDB do not have it. -* "and if I give my body to be burned." (13:3) Most versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. However, some versions prefer, "and if I give my body so that I might boast." -* "But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized." (14:38) Most versions read in this way. However, some older versions read, "But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant." +* "Therefore glorify God with your body." Some older versions read "Therefore glorify God with your body and in your spirit, which are God's." (6:20) +* "I did this even though I myself was not under the law" (9:20). Some older versions leave this passage out. +* "for the sake of conscience--the conscience of the other man." Some older versions read "for the sake of conscience: for the earth and everything in it belong to the Lord: the conscience of the other man." (10:28) +* "and that I give my body to be burned" (13:3). Some older versions read, "and that I give my body so that I might boast." +* "But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized" (14:38). Some older versions read, "But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant." -Translators are advised not to translate the passages that new translation of the Bible leave out. However, if in the translators' region there are older Bible versions that have one or more of the passages, the translators can include them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to 1 Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/1co/span.md b/1co/span.md index 4518d0d5f..fe1fee5c9 100644 --- a/1co/span.md +++ b/1co/span.md @@ -1,53 +1,53 @@ -Old version of [1co\01\01.md](../../v11/1co/01/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../1co/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../1co/01/02.md) +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) -Old version of [1co\04\08.md](../../v11/1co/04/08.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../1co/04/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1co/04/09.md) +Old version of [zep\04\08.md](../../v11/zep/04/08.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/04/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/04/09.md) -Old version of [1co\04\14.md](../../v11/1co/04/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../1co/04/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../1co/04/15.md) +Old version of [zep\04\14.md](../../v11/zep/04/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/04/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) -Old version of [1co\07\01.md](../../v11/1co/07/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../1co/07/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../1co/07/02.md) +Old version of [zep\07\01.md](../../v11/zep/07/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/07/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/07/02.md) -Old version of [1co\07\12.md](../../v11/1co/07/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../1co/07/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../1co/07/14.md) +Old version of [zep\07\12.md](../../v11/zep/07/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/07/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/07/14.md) -Old version of [1co\09\03.md](../../v11/1co/09/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../1co/09/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1co/09/04.md) +Old version of [zep\09\03.md](../../v11/zep/09/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/09/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/09/04.md) -Old version of [1co\10\28.md](../../v11/1co/10/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../1co/10/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../1co/10/29.md) +Old version of [zep\10\28.md](../../v11/zep/10/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/10/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/10/29.md) -Old version of [1co\10\28.md](../../v11/1co/10/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../1co/10/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../1co/10/29.md) +Old version of [zep\10\28.md](../../v11/zep/10/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/10/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/10/29.md) -Old version of [1co\10\28.md](../../v11/1co/10/28.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../1co/10/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../1co/10/30.md) +Old version of [zep\10\28.md](../../v11/zep/10/28.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/10/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/10/30.md) -Old version of [1co\13\04.md](../../v11/1co/13/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../1co/13/04.md) -* [Verse: 7](../1co/13/07.md) +Old version of [zep\13\04.md](../../v11/zep/13/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/13/04.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/13/07.md) -Old version of [1co\14\26.md](../../v11/1co/14/26.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../1co/14/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../1co/14/27.md) +Old version of [zep\14\26.md](../../v11/zep/14/26.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/14/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/14/27.md) -Old version of [1co\15\42.md](../../v11/1co/15/42.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 42](../1co/15/42.md) -* [Verse: 43](../1co/15/43.md) +Old version of [zep\15\42.md](../../v11/zep/15/42.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 42](../zep/15/42.md) +* [Verse: 43](../zep/15/43.md) -Old version of [1co\15\52.md](../../v11/1co/15/52.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 52](../1co/15/52.md) -* [Verse: 53](../1co/15/53.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\15\52.md](../../v11/zep/15/52.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 52](../zep/15/52.md) +* [Verse: 53](../zep/15/53.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1jn/01/intro.md b/1jn/01/intro.md index 7f7a13e77..9e8ae5853 100644 --- a/1jn/01/intro.md +++ b/1jn/01/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,20 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This letter does not begin in the way letters in the ancient Near East traditionally began. Instead, it begins in a similar way to the Gospel of John. Both do not really have an introduction of any kind. John appears to almost begin in the middle of an idea. +This is a letter that John wrote to Christians. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Christians and sin ##### -This chapter teaches that all Christians remain sinners after they come to faith in Jesus. Despite this, God still forgives a Christian's sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) +In this chapter John teaches that all Christians are still sinners. But God continues to forgive a Christian's sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -There are many metaphors in this chapter, all of which are commonly used in Scripture. Light is always used in a positive way to describe righteousness. Darkness is always used in a negative way to describe unrighteousness. The Christian life is also described as a walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +In this chapter John writes that God is light. Light is a metaphor for understanding and righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +John also writes about people walking in the light or in the darkness. Walking is a metaphor for behaving or living. People who walk in the light understand what is righteous and do it. People who walk in the darkness may not understand what is righteous, and they do what is sinful. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1jn/02/intro.md b/1jn/02/intro.md index 2ff953f39..e3f617a3a 100644 --- a/1jn/02/intro.md +++ b/1jn/02/intro.md @@ -2,25 +2,23 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### New and old commandments ##### - -The old commandments are contained in the law of Moses. The new commandments are those given to the church after the death and resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) - ##### Antichrist ##### -This chapter refers to both a specific Antichrist and many different antichrists. The word "antichrist" means "opposed to Christ." The Antichrist is a person who will come in the last days and imitate the ministry of Jesus for evil. Before this person comes, there will be many different people who work against the cause of Christ and are referred to as "antichrists" because they are working against Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +In this chapter John writes about both a specific antichrist and many antichrists. The word "antichrist" means "opposed to Christ." The antichrist is a person who will come in the last days and imitate Jesus' work, but he will do it for evil. Before this person comes, there will be many people who work against Christ; they too are called "antichrists." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Metonymy ##### +##### Metaphor ##### -There are many different metonymies used in this chapter. They are used to teach and to give instructions that are generic and can be applied in many different circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +There are several groups of similar metaphors that are used throughout this chapter. -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +Being in God is a metaphor for having fellowship with God, and God's word and truth being in people is a metaphor for people knowing and obeying God's word. -##### "By this we know that we know him: if we keep his commandments." ##### +Walking is a metaphor for behaving, not knowing where one is going is a metaphor for not knowing how to behave, and stumbling is a metaphor for sinning. -This appears to contradict John's earlier statement that Christian do not always keep God's commandments. John has just stated that all Christians sin. John explains that the desire to serve God is born from the indwelling of the Holy Spirit and the new life or nature given to Christians. The word "know" can be understood in many different ways and this range of meaning can cause confusion here. +The light is a metaphor for knowing and doing what is right, and darkness and blindness are metaphors for not knowing what is right and doing what is wrong. + +Leading people astray is a metaphor for teaching people things that are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1jn/03/intro.md b/1jn/03/intro.md index 77fb08bcb..6828a1827 100644 --- a/1jn/03/intro.md +++ b/1jn/03/intro.md @@ -3,21 +3,19 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Children of God ##### -The author, John, was a Jew, but he did not become a child of God until after he came to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +God created all people, but people can only become children of God by believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ##### Cain ##### -Cain was a son of the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve. He murdered his brother out of jealousy or envy. This reference is difficult to understand if Genesis has not yet been translated. Additional explanation may be necessary. +Cain was a son of the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve. He was jealous of his brother and murdered him. Readers may not know who Cain was if they have not read Genesis. It may help them if you explain this to them. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "To know" ##### -The verb "to know" is used in a way that means "to understand." It is a type of knowledge based on one's experiences. Care should be taken when translating this word because it is not the primary definition of the term. +The verb "to know" is used in two different ways in this chapter. Sometimes it is used about knowing a fact, as in 3:2, 3:5, and 3:19. Sometimes it means to experience and understand someone or something, as in 3:1, 3:6, 3:16, and 3:20. Some languages have different words for these different meanings. -##### Keeps sinning and doing righteousness ##### -There are many instructions in this chapter that will change their meaning if they are translated as happening continually or in another way. This passage is especially difficult in light of the fact that the first chapter teaches that Christians inevitably sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### "He who keeps God's commandments remains in him, and God remains in him" ##### -Many scholars believe this is about remaining in the will of God and is not a reference to a person's eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +Many scholars believe this is about remaining in God's will and is not about being saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1jn/04/intro.md b/1jn/04/intro.md index cf9bb73dd..67df891ab 100644 --- a/1jn/04/intro.md +++ b/1jn/04/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Spirit ##### -This single word is used in many different ways in this chapter. It is used to reference non-physical things, specifically "spirits" who bear witness in some way in "spiritual" or religious matters. The "Spirit of God" is God. The "spirit" of the antichrist is that which is typical of the Antichrist. This is the same way it is used in the phrases the "spirit of truth" and the "spirit of error." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) +This word "spirit" is used in different ways in this chapter. Sometimes the word "spirit" refers to spiritual beings. Sometimes it refers to the character of something. For example "the spirit of the antichrist," "the spirit of truth," and "the spirit of error" refer to what is typical of the antichrist, truth, and error. "The Spirit" (written with a capital "S") and "the Spirit of God" refer to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Loving God ##### -If people love God, their love should be displayed in the way they live their lives and the way they treat other people. It is not necessary to conclude the Christian's salvation is dependent upon these behaviors. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +If people love God, they should show it in the way they live and the way they treat other people. Doing this may assure us that God has saved us and that we belong to him, but loving others does not save us. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1jn/05/intro.md b/1jn/05/intro.md index a1a5bf8e8..0bcb13c1c 100644 --- a/1jn/05/intro.md +++ b/1jn/05/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,19 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### Children born from God ##### +When people believe in Jesus, God makes them his children and gives them eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + ##### Christian living ##### -There is a close connection in this chapter between Christians' confession of faith in Jesus and the way they live their lives. Believing in Jesus requires one to live a godly life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) +People who believe in Jesus should obey God's commands and love his children. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Death ##### -John's usage of death in this chapter always references physical death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]]) +When John writes about death in this chapter, he refers to physical death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]]) -##### "We know that we are from God, and we know that the whole world lies in the evil one." ##### -Satan, the evil one, is the ruler of this world, but ultimately God is in control over everything. Scripture describes Satan as the "prince" of this world and God as the "king" of all of creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]]) +##### "the whole world lies in the power of the evil one" ##### +The phrase "the evil one" refers to Satan. God has allowed him to rule the world, but ultimately God is in control over everything. God keeps his children safe from the evil one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1jn/front/intro.md b/1jn/front/intro.md index 39a45817f..0e33830b1 100644 --- a/1jn/front/intro.md +++ b/1jn/front/intro.md @@ -39,12 +39,15 @@ In the passage, "the word of God remains in you" (1 John 2:13), the UDB expresse #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 John? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in 1 John: +For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "And we are writing these things to you so that our joy may be complete." (1:4) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older versions have, "And we are writing these things to you so that your joy may be complete." -* "And you all know the truth." (2:20) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read either this way or as follows: "And you all have knowledge." Some older versions have, "and you know all things." -* "and this is what we are!" (3:1). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older manuscripts omit this phrase. -* "and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God." (4:3) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older manuscripts read, "and every spirit that does not acknowledge that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God." -* "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are as one." (5:7-8). The ULB, UDB, and most other versions do not read this way. Translators are advised to translate this as ULB does. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this passage, the translators can include it. If it is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not in the original version of 1 John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +* "And we are writing these things to you so that our joy may be complete" (1:4). Some older versions have, "And we are writing these things to you so that your joy may be complete." +* "And you all know the truth" (2:20). Other modern versions have, "And you all have knowledge." Some older versions have, "and you know all things." +* "and this is what we are!" (3:1). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older versions omit this phrase. +* "and every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God" (4:3). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read, "and every spirit that does not acknowledge that Jesus has come in the flesh is not of God." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +For the following passage, translators are advised to translate this as the ULB does. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this passage, the translators can include it. If it is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not in the original version of 1 John. + +* "For there are three who bear witness: the Spirit, the water, and the blood. These three are in agreement." (5:7-8) Some older versions have, "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are as one." + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/1jn/span.md b/1jn/span.md index efac78afd..f7b983f1e 100644 --- a/1jn/span.md +++ b/1jn/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [1jn\02\20.md](../../v11/1jn/02/20.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../1jn/02/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../1jn/02/21.md) +Old version of [zep\02\20.md](../../v11/zep/02/20.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/02/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/02/21.md) -Old version of [1jn\04\11.md](../../v11/1jn/04/11.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../1jn/04/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../1jn/04/13.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\04\11.md](../../v11/zep/04/11.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/04/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/04/13.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ki/01/41.md b/1ki/01/41.md index 8baf61a15..c8723ab1a 100644 --- a/1ki/01/41.md +++ b/1ki/01/41.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: Adonijah hears the loud noise and waits for the news. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/adonijah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/joab]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jonathan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/abiathar]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worthy]] diff --git a/1ki/03/16.md b/1ki/03/16.md index b5b3a653b..a03491ccd 100644 --- a/1ki/03/16.md +++ b/1ki/03/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: Two prostitutes ask Solomon to make a decision. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/prostitute]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/children]] diff --git a/1ki/03/23.md b/1ki/03/23.md index 2b72749aa..a5af1b0b6 100644 --- a/1ki/03/23.md +++ b/1ki/03/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: Solomon makes a decision for the two women. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sword]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/children]] diff --git a/1ki/11/intro.md b/1ki/11/intro.md index 43d46ccdd..346e2ecce 100644 --- a/1ki/11/intro.md +++ b/1ki/11/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This is the end of the story of Solomon. (Chapters 1-11) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Intermarriage with Gentiles ##### -God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +God had told the people of Israel in Moses's law never to marry women from the Gentile nations. But Solomon married many women from Gentile countries. This was because their religious beliefs would negatively affect Israel. Solomon, the wisest man, became a fool and his wives persuaded him to worship foolish idols. God became angry and warned he would take away 10 tribes from the kingdom of his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## * __[1 Kings 11:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/1ki/12/intro.md b/1ki/12/intro.md index c9a46e44c..ee36033a9 100644 --- a/1ki/12/intro.md +++ b/1ki/12/intro.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Jeroboam made a terrible mistake. He was afraid that if the people continued to #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +The people used the metaphor of "yoke" for oppressive government: "Your father made our yoke difficult. Now then, make your father's hard work easier, and lighten the heavy yoke that he put on us." But Rehoboam promised to increase their oppression with three metaphors: "My little finger is thicker than my father's waist. So now, although my father burdened you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke. My father punished you with whips, but I will punish you with scorpions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ki/14/intro.md b/1ki/14/intro.md index d15ade989..4204aca88 100644 --- a/1ki/14/intro.md +++ b/1ki/14/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This chapter has two stories. One is the death of Jeroboam's son (1-18). The oth #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### The death of Jeroboam's son ##### -God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +God knows the truth; it is useless to try to fool God's prophet. Jeroboam's son became sick; so the king sent his wife, disguised as a common woman, to the prophet. The prophet was blind, but when Jeroboam's wife arrived he told her, "Come in, wife of Jeroboam." He also told her that her son would die and that all of Jeroboam's family would be killed, because he had caused Israel to worship the golden calves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Rehoboam's reign ##### When Solomon obeyed God, God made him very rich. When the people of Judah began to worship the fertility goddess, Ashtoreth, and to do many evil things, they had to give all of their wealth to the king of Egypt to persuade him not to attack Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) diff --git a/1ki/16/intro.md b/1ki/16/intro.md index 8b857a5ef..6274d25d6 100644 --- a/1ki/16/intro.md +++ b/1ki/16/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Incorrect worship ##### -The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ki/21/intro.md b/1ki/21/intro.md index 680a11ef6..49efccefc 100644 --- a/1ki/21/intro.md +++ b/1ki/21/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The story of Elijah continues in this chapter. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +God hates oppression but is forgiving to people who are sorry for their sins. Ahab wanted Naboth's vineyard to make into a garden for his palace, but Naboth refused to sell it. So the queen, Ahab's wife, told the civic leaders of Naboth's town to falsely accuse him and execute him. Elijah told Ahab that he would be killed in Naboth's vineyard and all his family destroyed. Ahab repented and showed he was very sorry for what he did, so God said it would not happen to Ahab himself but to his son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ki/front/intro.md b/1ki/front/intro.md index ffe1a5817..53b7db64e 100644 --- a/1ki/front/intro.md +++ b/1ki/front/intro.md @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son #### Can I translate the Book of 1 Kings before I translate the Books of 1 and 2 Samuel? -The Books of 1 and 2 Samuel should be translated before 1 Kings, since 1 Kings continues from where 2 Samuel ends. \ No newline at end of file +The Books of 1 and 2 Samuel should be translated before 1 Kings, since 1 Kings continues from where 2 Samuel ends. diff --git a/1ki/span.md b/1ki/span.md index 29230405d..2f8aba6a3 100644 --- a/1ki/span.md +++ b/1ki/span.md @@ -1,211 +1,211 @@ -Old version of [1ki\01\07.md](../../v11/1ki/01/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../1ki/01/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../1ki/01/08.md) +Old version of [zep\01\07.md](../../v11/zep/01/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/01/08.md) -Old version of [1ki\01\49.md](../../v11/1ki/01/49.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 49](../1ki/01/49.md) -* [Verse: 50](../1ki/01/50.md) +Old version of [zep\01\49.md](../../v11/zep/01/49.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 49](../zep/01/49.md) +* [Verse: 50](../zep/01/50.md) -Old version of [1ki\01\49.md](../../v11/1ki/01/49.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 49](../1ki/01/49.md) -* [Verse: 50](../1ki/01/50.md) +Old version of [zep\01\49.md](../../v11/zep/01/49.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 49](../zep/01/49.md) +* [Verse: 50](../zep/01/50.md) -Old version of [1ki\02\16.md](../../v11/1ki/02/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../1ki/02/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../1ki/02/17.md) +Old version of [zep\02\16.md](../../v11/zep/02/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/02/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/02/17.md) -Old version of [1ki\04\01.md](../../v11/1ki/04/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../1ki/04/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../1ki/04/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../1ki/04/04.md) +Old version of [zep\04\01.md](../../v11/zep/04/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/04/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/04/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/04/04.md) -Old version of [1ki\04\05.md](../../v11/1ki/04/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../1ki/04/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../1ki/04/06.md) +Old version of [zep\04\05.md](../../v11/zep/04/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/04/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/04/06.md) -Old version of [1ki\04\07.md](../../v11/1ki/04/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../1ki/04/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1ki/04/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../1ki/04/10.md) +Old version of [zep\04\07.md](../../v11/zep/04/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/04/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/04/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/04/10.md) -Old version of 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29](../zep/21/29.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1pe/01/25.md b/1pe/01/25.md index a1f68fcf5..eb2f6a4c7 100644 --- a/1pe/01/25.md +++ b/1pe/01/25.md @@ -2,11 +2,7 @@ "the message that comes from the Lord" -# This is the good news +# the gospel that was proclaimed -Here the word "This" refers to "the word of the Lord." - -# the good news that was announced - -This can be stated in active form. AT: "the good news that we announced" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "the gospel that we proclaimed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/1pe/01/intro.md b/1pe/01/intro.md index eb9260337..f3c3d3100 100644 --- a/1pe/01/intro.md +++ b/1pe/01/intro.md @@ -6,20 +6,23 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Work of God in salvation ##### -This chapter emphasizes the work of God in salvation. It reminds Christians of the great things only God could have done in order to bring them to a right relationship with himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +##### What God reveals ##### + +When Jesus comes again, everyone will see how good God's people were to have faith in Jesus. Then God's people will see how gracious God has been to them, and all people will praise both God and his people. + +##### Holiness ##### + +God wants his people to be holy because God is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) ##### Eternity ##### -This chapter contrasts living for things of this world, which will not last, with living for things that will matter eternally. It is also important to live with the expectation that Jesus will return soon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) + +Peter tells Christians to live for things that will last forever and not to live for the things of this world, which will end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement that appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. This sentence in 1:6 is a paradox. "You are very glad about this, even though it is now necessary for you to feel sadness in many different troubles." But in 1:7 Peter explains why the people are very glad even though they have troubles. ([1 Peter 1:6](./06.md)) - -##### "You are now" ##### -Even though the statement, "You are now receiving for yourselves the result of your faith, the salvation of your souls," is in the present tense, it refers to an action that has already happened. Therefore, it can be translated as a completed action. Some English translations do this and use a slightly different construction. +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Peter writes that his readers are glad and sad at the same time ([1 Peter 1:6](./06.md)). He can say this because they are sad because they are suffering, but they are glad because they know that God will save them "in the last time" ([1 Peter 1:5](./03.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1pe/02/intro.md b/1pe/02/intro.md index 3961efa64..c6d1f1246 100644 --- a/1pe/02/intro.md +++ b/1pe/02/intro.md @@ -9,17 +9,14 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Stones ##### -Stones are used in Scripture to describe the church. Jesus is the cornerstone. The apostles and prophets are the foundation. In this chapter, Christians are the stones used to continue to build the church. + +The Bible uses a building made of large stones as a metaphor for the church. Jesus is the cornerstone, the most important stone. The apostles and prophets are the foundation, the part of the building on which all the other stones rest. In this chapter, Christians are the stones that make up the walls of the building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cornerstone]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/foundation]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Milk and solid food ##### -This is an image used to describe maturity in Christ. It compares the immature Christian to a baby who is only able to drink milk. Immature Christians are not mature enough to handle solid foods, which are the more complex teachings about Jesus. Instead, they have chosen not to grow so they remain like babies who only drink milk, the simpler and more basic teachings about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### Milk and babies ##### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### "You are now the people of God" ##### -Some scholars believe this indicates the church has replaced Israel in the plans of God. Other scholars believe there are more than one "people of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) +When Peter tells his readers to "long for pure spiritual milk," he is using the metaphor of a baby who cannot yet eat solid food. He wants to tell the readers that they are only able to understand simple things about living to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1pe/03/intro.md b/1pe/03/intro.md index 8dacc5842..a50976a1a 100644 --- a/1pe/03/intro.md +++ b/1pe/03/intro.md @@ -7,23 +7,18 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Outward ornaments" ##### -These were signs of a beautiful woman in ancient Israel. They are contrasted with "inner" beauty or godly character. Many cultures have different standards of external beauty for women. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +Most people want to look good so other people will like them and think they are good people. Women are especially careful to look good by wearing nice clothes and jewels. Peter is saying that what a person thinks and says and does are more important to God than how he looks. ##### Unity ##### -The apostles placed a great value on unity in the local church. This chapter encourages unity and peace in the church. + +Peter wanted his readers to agree with each other. More importantly, he wanted them to love each other and be patient with each other. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Metaphor ##### -##### Synecdoche ##### -In the referenced verses, the psalmist uses several synecdoches to describe God. This is because God is indescribable and often requires images and other figures of speech for us to understand him. It is also common in poetry to use different figures of speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### Wives, submit to your husbands ##### - -Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars have the belief that men and women are perfectly equal in all things (known as egalitarianism). Other scholars have the belief that men and women were created to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church (known as complementarianism). How one understands this issue will likely affect how this passage is translated. +Peter quotes a psalm that describes God as if he were a person with eyes, ears, and a face. However, God is a spirit, so he does not have physical eyes or ears or a physical face. But he does know what people do, and he does act against wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1pe/04/intro.md b/1pe/04/intro.md index 4242ff0a5..429e5b814 100644 --- a/1pe/04/intro.md +++ b/1pe/04/intro.md @@ -15,8 +15,9 @@ It is apparent that Peter is speaking to many Christians who are experiencing gr #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "Has ceased from sin" ##### -This does not mean that anyone has stopped sinning. This would contradict other passages of Scripture. The UDB clarifies the meaning of this phrase. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +##### "Let it" and "Let none" and "Let him" and "Let those" ##### + +Peter uses these phrases to tell his readers what he wants them to do. They are like commands because he wants his readers to obey. But it is as if he is telling one person what he wants other people to do. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1pe/05/intro.md b/1pe/05/intro.md index e17f75488..1b343f431 100644 --- a/1pe/05/intro.md +++ b/1pe/05/intro.md @@ -2,25 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Verses [1 Peter 12-14](./12.md) form the closing salutation of the letter. This was typical for a letter in the ancient Near East. +Most people in the ancient Near East would end a letter the way Peter ends this one. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Elders ##### -There is some disagreement over the titles used for church leaders. Some of these titles are overseer, elder, pastor, deacons and bishop. - ##### Crowns ##### -Crowns are a significant image used in Scripture. There are several Greek words translated as "crowns" in English. The crown referenced here is a type of reward. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) + +The crown that the Chief Shepherd will give is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Lion ##### -God is pictured as a lion in Scripture. Jesus is the lion of the tribe of Judah. In this chapter, Satan is described as "like a roaring lion." Its meaning is that Satan seeks to destroy the testimony or witness of Christians, but it is possible that this phrase is used because he is an imitator of God. -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +All animals are afraid of lions because they are fast and strong, and they eat almost every other kind of animal. They also eat people. Satan wants to make God's people afraid, so Peter uses the simile of a lion to teach his readers that Satan can harm their bodies, but if they trust in God and obey him, they will always be God's people, and God will care for them, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ##### Babylon ##### -Babylon was the epitome of evil. Babylon is often a metaphor for an evil place or an evil people. In this chapter, it is probably a reference to Rome. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +Babylon was the evil nation that in Old Testament times had destroyed Jerusalem, taken the Jews away from their homes, and ruled over them. Peter uses Babylon as a metaphor for the nation that was persecuting the Christians he was writing to. He could have been referring to Jerusalem because the Jews were persecuting the Christians. Or he could have been referring to Rome because the Romans were persecuting the Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1pe/front/intro.md b/1pe/front/intro.md index fb137a73f..b860b59fc 100644 --- a/1pe/front/intro.md +++ b/1pe/front/intro.md @@ -37,10 +37,8 @@ In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16 #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter? #### -Theses are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 Peter: - * "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart" (1:22). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart." -Translators are advised not to include the expression "through the Spirit," in 1:22. However, if older Bible versions in their region have it, translators can include it. If it is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of 1 Peter. +If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/1pe/span.md b/1pe/span.md index 9ee5a2215..001dd4dd1 100644 --- a/1pe/span.md +++ b/1pe/span.md @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ -Old version of [1pe\01\01.md](../../v11/1pe/01/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../1pe/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../1pe/01/02.md) +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) -Old version of [1pe\01\08.md](../../v11/1pe/01/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../1pe/01/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../1pe/01/10.md) +Old version of [zep\01\08.md](../../v11/zep/01/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/01/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) -Old version of [1pe\02\18.md](../../v11/1pe/02/18.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../1pe/02/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../1pe/02/20.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\02\18.md](../../v11/zep/02/18.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/02/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/02/20.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1sa/01/19.md b/1sa/01/19.md index 47f7ae60f..311ee87ea 100644 --- a/1sa/01/19.md +++ b/1sa/01/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ -# called her to mind +# Elkanah knew Hannah -God knew what was happening to Hannah; he had not forgotten. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 1:11](./11.md). +This is a euphemism. AT: "Elkanah had sexual relations with Hannah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# remembered her + +God knew what was happening to Hannah; he had not forgotten her. See how you translated similar words in [1 Samuel 1:11](./11.md). diff --git a/1sa/01/intro.md b/1sa/01/intro.md index 7d8e510b5..e624a778d 100644 --- a/1sa/01/intro.md +++ b/1sa/01/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This chapter introduces Samuel. It is the beginning of the section 1 Samuel 1-7 #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Two wives ##### -This was a common practice in the ancient Near East. It was against the law of Moses. The men of Israel would have sinned if they married more than one woman. This type of marriage always creates problems because of jealousy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) +This was a common practice in the ancient Near East. It was against the law of Moses. The men of Israel would have sinned if they married more than one woman. This type of marriage always creates problems because of jealousy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) ##### "Pay his vow" ##### It was customary for Israelites to promise God to make a sacrifice to him if God answered special prayers. Making such a sacrifice was called paying one's vow. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]]) diff --git a/1sa/02/22.md b/1sa/02/22.md index e69de29bb..9ec5536de 100644 --- a/1sa/02/22.md +++ b/1sa/02/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# they were lying with the women + +This is a euphemism. AT: "they were having sexual relations with the women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/1sa/02/intro.md b/1sa/02/intro.md index abb69bfa1..0e21bc085 100644 --- a/1sa/02/intro.md +++ b/1sa/02/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This song is about how God protects the weak and strengthens them. He humbles th ##### Eli's Sons ##### -Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +Eli, the chief priest, had two sons. They were ungodly priests who continually sinned and did not honor God. Eli corrected them but they did not listen. A prophet warned Eli that God would stop his family from being priests and his sons would both die on the same day. At the same time, Samuel was growing up and serving God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/1sa/08/intro.md b/1sa/08/intro.md index 54a7ed439..3ebae257e 100644 --- a/1sa/08/intro.md +++ b/1sa/08/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The section including chapters 8-16 begins a new part of the story. The people w ##### The people want a king ##### -When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1sa/19/intro.md b/1sa/19/intro.md index d60eb5bc1..5a902d580 100644 --- a/1sa/19/intro.md +++ b/1sa/19/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God protects David ##### -Jonathan persuades Saul not to kill David, but Saul again becomes jealous and orders his servants to bring David to him to be killed. God uses Michal to save David. David flees to Samuel and they begin prophesying. When Saul sends servants to capture David, they begin prophesying. This causes Saul to go himself and he begins to prophesy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +Jonathan persuades Saul not to kill David, but Saul again becomes jealous and orders his servants to bring David to him to be killed. God uses Michal to save David. David flees to Samuel and they begin prophesying. When Saul sends servants to capture David, they begin prophesying. This causes Saul to go himself and he begins to prophesy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1sa/23/intro.md b/1sa/23/intro.md index 62c78d9cf..146c1eaaa 100644 --- a/1sa/23/intro.md +++ b/1sa/23/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Saul wants to kill David, but David trusts in God who keeps rescuing him. David #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -== Synecdoche== +##### Synecdoche ##### Jonathan strengthens David with a synecdoche: "For the hand of Saul my father will not find you." This helps to strengthen David's faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1sa/24/intro.md b/1sa/24/intro.md index ed7364e73..cd5ed4534 100644 --- a/1sa/24/intro.md +++ b/1sa/24/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -Even though Saul tries again and again to kill David, David does not avenge himself on Saul because God had chosen Saul as king. This is meant to contrast with Saul's treatment of David, the future king. Saul represents the king the people wanted, a selfish man. David is the king God wanted, a godly man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) +Even though Saul tries again and again to kill David, David does not avenge himself on Saul because God had chosen Saul as king. This is meant to contrast with Saul's treatment of David, the future king. Saul represents the king the people wanted, a selfish man. David is the king God wanted, a godly man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1sa/28/intro.md b/1sa/28/intro.md index 69d93cdfb..6c373fbe5 100644 --- a/1sa/28/intro.md +++ b/1sa/28/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Talking to the dead ##### -Talking to the dead was against the law of Moses. God or the Holy Spirit left Saul because of his sin and would not help him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Talking to the dead was against the law of Moses. God or the Holy Spirit left Saul because of his sin and would not help him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/1sa/front/intro.md b/1sa/front/intro.md index 71c1a0814..08a238ea7 100644 --- a/1sa/front/intro.md +++ b/1sa/front/intro.md @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ It is uncertain who wrote 1 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after Ki #### Who is "Yahweh's anointed"? #### -The writer of 1 Samuel often speaks of "Yahweh's anointed." This refers to the one whom Yahweh chose to be the king of his people. Also, the phrase "Yahweh's anointed" would make later readers think about the future descendant of David who would become king of God's people. This person who Yahweh chose would be known as the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +The writer of 1 Samuel often speaks of "Yahweh's anointed." This refers to the one whom Yahweh chose to be the king of his people. Also, the phrase "Yahweh's anointed" would make later readers think about the future descendant of David who would become king of God's people. This person who Yahweh chose would be known as the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## @@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ The Book of 1 Samuel has two references to Israel and Judah ([1 Samuel 17:52](.. #### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"? #### -This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written" or "to this day, at the time of writing." This phrase occurs in 1 Samuel 5:5; 6:18: 27:6; 30:25. \ No newline at end of file +This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. He must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written" or "to this day, at the time of writing." This phrase occurs in 1 Samuel 5:5; 6:18: 27:6; 30:25. diff --git a/1sa/span.md b/1sa/span.md index 716e6618e..40f103b95 100644 --- a/1sa/span.md +++ b/1sa/span.md @@ -1,94 +1,94 @@ -Old version of [1sa\02\06.md](../../v11/1sa/02/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../1sa/02/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../1sa/02/07.md) +Old version of [zep\02\06.md](../../v11/zep/02/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/02/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/02/07.md) -Old version of [1sa\04\21.md](../../v11/1sa/04/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../1sa/04/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../1sa/04/22.md) +Old version of [zep\04\21.md](../../v11/zep/04/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/04/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/04/22.md) -Old version of [1sa\07\10.md](../../v11/1sa/07/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../1sa/07/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../1sa/07/11.md) +Old version of [zep\07\10.md](../../v11/zep/07/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/07/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/07/11.md) -Old version of [1sa\10\20.md](../../v11/1sa/10/20.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../1sa/10/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../1sa/10/21.md) +Old version of [zep\10\20.md](../../v11/zep/10/20.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/10/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/10/21.md) -Old version of [1sa\12\04.md](../../v11/1sa/12/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../1sa/12/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../1sa/12/05.md) +Old version of [zep\12\04.md](../../v11/zep/12/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/12/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/12/05.md) -Old version of [1sa\12\08.md](../../v11/1sa/12/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../1sa/12/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1sa/12/09.md) +Old version of [zep\12\08.md](../../v11/zep/12/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/12/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/12/09.md) -Old version of [1sa\13\17.md](../../v11/1sa/13/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../1sa/13/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../1sa/13/18.md) +Old version of [zep\13\17.md](../../v11/zep/13/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/13/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/13/18.md) -Old version of [1sa\14\49.md](../../v11/1sa/14/49.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 50](../1sa/14/50.md) -* [Verse: 51](../1sa/14/51.md) +Old version of [zep\14\49.md](../../v11/zep/14/49.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 50](../zep/14/50.md) +* [Verse: 51](../zep/14/51.md) -Old version of [1sa\15\10.md](../../v11/1sa/15/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../1sa/15/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../1sa/15/11.md) +Old version of [zep\15\10.md](../../v11/zep/15/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/15/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/15/11.md) -Old version of [1sa\16\04.md](../../v11/1sa/16/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../1sa/16/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../1sa/16/05.md) +Old version of [zep\16\04.md](../../v11/zep/16/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/16/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/16/05.md) -Old version of [1sa\16\08.md](../../v11/1sa/16/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../1sa/16/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../1sa/16/09.md) +Old version of [zep\16\08.md](../../v11/zep/16/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/16/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/16/09.md) -Old version of [1sa\22\07.md](../../v11/1sa/22/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../1sa/22/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../1sa/22/08.md) +Old version of [zep\22\07.md](../../v11/zep/22/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/22/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/22/08.md) -Old version of [1sa\22\18.md](../../v11/1sa/22/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../1sa/22/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../1sa/22/19.md) +Old version of [zep\22\18.md](../../v11/zep/22/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/22/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/22/19.md) -Old version of [1sa\23\10.md](../../v11/1sa/23/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../1sa/23/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../1sa/23/11.md) +Old version of [zep\23\10.md](../../v11/zep/23/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/23/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/23/11.md) -Old version of [1sa\25\02.md](../../v11/1sa/25/02.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../1sa/25/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../1sa/25/03.md) +Old version of [zep\25\02.md](../../v11/zep/25/02.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/25/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/25/03.md) -Old version of [1sa\25\25.md](../../v11/1sa/25/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../1sa/25/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../1sa/25/26.md) +Old version of [zep\25\25.md](../../v11/zep/25/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/25/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/25/26.md) -Old version of [1sa\25\27.md](../../v11/1sa/25/27.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../1sa/25/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../1sa/25/28.md) +Old version of [zep\25\27.md](../../v11/zep/25/27.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 27](../zep/25/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/25/28.md) -Old version of [1sa\25\30.md](../../v11/1sa/25/30.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../1sa/25/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../1sa/25/31.md) +Old version of [zep\25\30.md](../../v11/zep/25/30.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 30](../zep/25/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/25/31.md) -Old version of [1sa\25\43.md](../../v11/1sa/25/43.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../1sa/25/43.md) -* [Verse: 44](../1sa/25/44.md) +Old version of [zep\25\43.md](../../v11/zep/25/43.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/25/43.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/25/44.md) -Old version of [1sa\25\43.md](../../v11/1sa/25/43.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../1sa/25/43.md) -* [Verse: 44](../1sa/25/44.md) +Old version of [zep\25\43.md](../../v11/zep/25/43.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/25/43.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/25/44.md) -Old version of [1sa\26\19.md](../../v11/1sa/26/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../1sa/26/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../1sa/26/20.md) +Old version of [zep\26\19.md](../../v11/zep/26/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/26/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/26/20.md) -Old version of [1sa\30\26.md](../../v11/1sa/30/26.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../1sa/30/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../1sa/30/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../1sa/30/28.md) +Old version of [zep\30\26.md](../../v11/zep/30/26.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/30/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/30/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/30/28.md) -Old version of [1sa\30\29.md](../../v11/1sa/30/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../1sa/30/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../1sa/30/30.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\30\29.md](../../v11/zep/30/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/30/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/30/30.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1th/01/intro.md b/1th/01/intro.md index 4cce6a88d..88bb36f16 100644 --- a/1th/01/intro.md +++ b/1th/01/intro.md @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -1:1-3 forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common type of introduction for a letter in the ancient Near East. +Verse 1 formally introduces this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Tribulation ##### -The Christians in Thessalonica were experiencing great persecution, but they handled it well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Hardship ##### +Other people persecuted the Christians in Thessalonica. But the Christians there handled it well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1th/02/intro.md b/1th/02/intro.md index 294becb48..acc4593df 100644 --- a/1th/02/intro.md +++ b/1th/02/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Christian witness ##### -Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence for the truth of the gospel. The godliness or holiness of a Christian is said to bear witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends himself against attacks against his character, so that his witness is not tainted. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +Paul values his "Christian witness" as evidence that the gospel is true. Paul says that being godly or holy bears witness to the non-Christian. Paul defends his character, so that his witness is not affected. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) ##### Christian living ##### -Under the law of Moses, people were required to offer sacrifices of animals or grain in the temple. Since physical sacrifices are no longer required, Christians are required to live their lives as a type of sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Under the law of Moses, people were required to sacrifice animals or grain in the temple. God no longer requires physical sacrifices. Now God requires Christians to live sacrificially him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1th/03/intro.md b/1th/03/intro.md index 8936deda7..8e813bebc 100644 --- a/1th/03/intro.md +++ b/1th/03/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Standing ##### -In this chapter, standing is used as a way to illustrate steadfastness. This is a common way to describe steadfastness or faithfulness. The opposite of steadfastness is described as "shaking" in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +In this chapter, Paul uses "stand firm" to illustrate being steadfast. This is a common way to describe being steadfast or faithful. Paul uses "be shaken" as the opposite of being steadfast. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1th/04/intro.md b/1th/04/intro.md index fbcee440f..15d8bbfc8 100644 --- a/1th/04/intro.md +++ b/1th/04/intro.md @@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Sexual immorality ##### -Different cultures have different standards of sexual morality. These different cultural standards may present difficulties in translation. Translators must also be aware of cultural taboos, topics that are considered improper to talk about. +Different cultures have different standards of sexual morality. These different cultural standards may make translating this passage difficult. Translators must also be aware of cultural taboos. These are topics considered improper to discuss. ##### Dying before the return of Christ ##### -In the early church, people wondered what would happen if a person died before the return of Christ. They may have worried whether those dying before the return of Christ would get to partake of the kingdom of God. +In the early church, people apparently wondered what would happen if a believer died before Christ returned. They may have worried whether those dying before Christ returned would be part of the kingdom of God. Paul answers that concern. ##### "Caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air" ##### -Many scholars believe this passage refers to an event known as the "rapture." This is a time when Jesus calls to himself those who believe in him. For those who hold this viewpoint, the timing of this event is the matter of much speculation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +This passage refers to a time when Jesus calls to himself those who have believed in him. Scholars differ on whether or not this refers to Christ's final glorious return. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1th/05/intro.md b/1th/05/intro.md index 313a1fe17..782af91e3 100644 --- a/1th/05/intro.md +++ b/1th/05/intro.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The end of this chapter forms a conclusion typical of a letter in the ancient Near East. +Paul concludes his letter in a way that was typical of letters in the ancient Near East. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Day of the Lord ##### -The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will be a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will be a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to live prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ##### Quench the Spirit ##### -This means to ignore the Holy Spirit's guidance and to ignore the work he is trying to do through a person. +This means to ignore or work against the Holy Spirit's guidance and work. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1th/front/intro.md b/1th/front/intro.md index d7307e2c7..9174a082d 100644 --- a/1th/front/intro.md +++ b/1th/front/intro.md @@ -51,11 +51,10 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very a close union with Christ and the belie #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Thessalonians? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in 1 Thessalonians: +For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "May grace and peace be to you." (1:1) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." -* "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. Other modern versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children." -* "Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God." (3:2) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. Some other versions read: "Timothy, our brother and servant of God." +* "May grace and peace be to you" (1:1). Some older versions read: "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." +* "Instead, we were as gentle among you as a mother comforting her own children." (2:7) Other modern versions and older versions read, "Instead, we were like babies among you, as when a mother comforts her own children." +* "Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God" (3:2). Some other versions read: "Timothy, our brother and servant of God." - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/1th/span.md b/1th/span.md index bcce2a005..f32a4efbd 100644 --- a/1th/span.md +++ b/1th/span.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -Old version of [1th\01\08.md](../../v11/1th/01/08.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../1th/01/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../1th/01/10.md) +Old version of [zep\01\08.md](../../v11/zep/01/08.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/01/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) -Old version of [1th\05\15.md](../../v11/1th/05/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../1th/05/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../1th/05/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../1th/05/18.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\05\15.md](../../v11/zep/05/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/05/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/05/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/05/18.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1ti/01/20.md b/1ti/01/20.md index f930d82f3..034503a43 100644 --- a/1ti/01/20.md +++ b/1ti/01/20.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # whom I gave over to Satan -Paul speaks as if he physically handed these men to Satan. This probably means that Paul rejected them from the community of believers. Since they are no longer a part of the community, Satan can have power of them and harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul speaks as if he physically handed these men to Satan. This probably means that Paul rejected them from the community of believers. Since they are no longer a part of the community, Satan can have power over them and harm them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # they may be taught diff --git a/1ti/01/intro.md b/1ti/01/intro.md index 522cddec9..5d0b105a9 100644 --- a/1ti/01/intro.md +++ b/1ti/01/intro.md @@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Spiritual children ##### -Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy in his faith. Therefore, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In this chapter, Paul calls Timothy a "son" and his "child." Paul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul called Timothy his "son in the faith." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ##### Genealogies ##### -Genealogies are lists that record a person's ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could become king. Most important people had records of their genealogies. +Genealogies are lists that record a person's ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could normally become king. They also showed from what tribe and family they came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Most important people had records of their genealogies. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Play on words ##### -The phrase "the law is good if one uses it lawfully" is a pun or play on words. "Law" and "lawfully" sound similar. +The phrase "the law is good if one uses it lawfully" is a play on words. The words "law" and "lawfully" sound similar in the original language. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ti/02/intro.md b/1ti/02/intro.md index 69c53ed56..7ae15e7ce 100644 --- a/1ti/02/intro.md +++ b/1ti/02/intro.md @@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Peace ##### -Paul encourages the Christians to live peaceful lives by exercising discipline and self-control. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) +Paul encourages Christians to pray for everyone. They should pray for rulers so that Christians can live peacefully, in a godly and dignified way. ##### Women in the church ##### -Paul is probably instructing the women how to use their freedom in Christ in such a way that it does not upset the normal cultural standards for women. Because of the potential for controversy, extra care should be taken in translating these passages. +Translators should be especially careful to accurately translate these passages. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings" ##### -There is some overlap in meaning to these terms. It is not necessary to view these as perfectly distinct categories. +These terms overlap each other in what they mean. It is not necessary to view them as distinct categories. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ti/03/intro.md b/1ti/03/intro.md index 9aff9de1c..aad864c89 100644 --- a/1ti/03/intro.md +++ b/1ti/03/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to list important doctrines believers all shared. +[1 Timothy 3:16](./16.md) was probably a song, poem, or creed the early church used to list important doctrines that believers all shared. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Overseer and Deacons ##### -There is some disagreement over the different titles used for church leaders. Some titles include: overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. +##### Overseers and deacons ##### +The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include elder, pastor, and bishop. The word "overseer" reflects the meaning of the original language in verses 1-2. Paul writes about "deacons" in verses 8 and 12 as another kind of church leader. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Character qualities ##### -This chapter lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an overseer in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This chapter lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an overseer or deacon in the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ti/05/intro.md b/1ti/05/intro.md index 4ede80e92..5e4e6a2d9 100644 --- a/1ti/05/intro.md +++ b/1ti/05/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Honor and respect ##### -Paul encourages younger Christians to show honor and respect towards older Christians. Different cultures show respect to older people in different ways. +Paul encourages younger Christians to honor and respect older Christians. Cultures honor and respect older people in different ways. ##### Widows ##### -In the ancient Near East, it was important to take care of the widows because they could not provide a living for themselves. +In the ancient Near East, it was important to care for widows. They could not provide for themselves. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ti/06/10.md b/1ti/06/10.md index b68ced62f..d7b31ea3c 100644 --- a/1ti/06/10.md +++ b/1ti/06/10.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Paul speaks of the cause of evil as if it were a plant root. AT: "This happens b "who desire money" -# have been mislead away from the faith +# have been misled away from the faith Paul speaks of wrong desires as if they were evil guides who intentionally guide people down the wrong path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "have let their desires lead them away from the truth" or "have stopped believing the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/1ti/06/intro.md b/1ti/06/intro.md index e714a07b0..1c2b670b0 100644 --- a/1ti/06/intro.md +++ b/1ti/06/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Slavery ##### -This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery would have been rather radical at this time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way that pleases God despite the circumstances of one's life. +Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about honoring, respecting, and diligently serving masters. Paul teaches all believers to be godly and content in every situation. ## Links: ## diff --git a/1ti/front/intro.md b/1ti/front/intro.md index ab8cdfc52..fc524c299 100644 --- a/1ti/front/intro.md +++ b/1ti/front/intro.md @@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe #### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 1 Timothy? #### -These are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 1 Timothy: +For the following verse, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "Withdraw from such things." (6:5) Some older versions read this way, but the ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions do not. The best ancient copies do not include this phrase. +* "godliness is a way to get more money." Some older versions of the Bible read this way, "godliness is a way to get more money: withdraw from such things." (6:5) -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/1ti/span.md b/1ti/span.md index 8b315678c..828e74e6c 100644 --- a/1ti/span.md +++ b/1ti/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [1ti\05\01.md](../../v11/1ti/05/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../1ti/05/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../1ti/05/02.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\05\01.md](../../v11/zep/05/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/05/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/05/02.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ch/22/intro.md b/2ch/22/intro.md index a418ec486..50fea8e5d 100644 --- a/2ch/22/intro.md +++ b/2ch/22/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter is the beginning of the story of Queen Athaliah. ##### Metaphor ##### -The author compares Athaliah's evil deeds to Ahab's family's evil lives: "walked in the ways of the house of Ahab." Ahab is pictured as the epitome of evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) +The author compares Athaliah's evil deeds to Ahab's family's evil lives: "walked in the ways of the house of Ahab." Ahab is pictured as the epitome of evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ch/23/intro.md b/2ch/23/intro.md index b2c8ac0ff..a02c2eb37 100644 --- a/2ch/23/intro.md +++ b/2ch/23/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The chapter ends the story of Queen Athaliah and begins the story of King Joash. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Having a king ##### -The high priest organized a coup and made seven-year-old Joash king. Athaliah objected, so the chief priest had her killed. This was an attempt by the priests to fulfill the covenant God made with David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +The high priest organized a coup and made seven-year-old Joash king. Athaliah objected, so the chief priest had her killed. This was an attempt by the priests to fulfill the covenant God made with David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ch/25/04.md b/2ch/25/04.md index f0ad4c692..547781c54 100644 --- a/2ch/25/04.md +++ b/2ch/25/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the Book of Moses +# the book of Moses This is a reference to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. diff --git a/2ch/26/intro.md b/2ch/26/intro.md index 161d538fd..93671ecb5 100644 --- a/2ch/26/intro.md +++ b/2ch/26/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Uzzah the leper ##### -Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +Uzzah was powerful when he followed Yahweh. When he entered the temple to burn incense like a priest, God made him a leper. Lepers could not properly worship Yahweh because they were always unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ch/29/intro.md b/2ch/29/intro.md index dc2118cf1..8d7be3ca6 100644 --- a/2ch/29/intro.md +++ b/2ch/29/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter begins the story of King Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 29-32) ##### Cleansing the temple ##### -King Hezekiah was a great king. He cleaned and rededicated the temple. This was a sign that he wanted the people to return to worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) +King Hezekiah was a great king. He cleaned and rededicated the temple. This was a sign that he wanted the people to return to worshiping Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ch/36/intro.md b/2ch/36/intro.md index 0f6df30af..3d8f78793 100644 --- a/2ch/36/intro.md +++ b/2ch/36/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This is the end of the story of Judah as an independent country. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Punishment ##### -God warned the people through the prophets, that he would punish them if they did not worship Yahweh. The people refused to listen to the prophets or to stop their evil deeds. God finally punished them by letting the Babylonians conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) +God warned the people through the prophets, that he would punish them if they did not worship Yahweh. The people refused to listen to the prophets or to stop their evil deeds. God finally punished them by letting the Babylonians conquer them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ch/front/intro.md b/2ch/front/intro.md index 26a5b5927..c0413c4ee 100644 --- a/2ch/front/intro.md +++ b/2ch/front/intro.md @@ -51,4 +51,4 @@ The writers of 1 and 2 Chronicles often wrote about "seeking God." To "seek God" #### What does the phrase "to this day" mean? #### -The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in 1 Chronicles 4:41, 43; 5:26; 13:11; 20:26; 21:10; 35:25. \ No newline at end of file +The writers used the phrase "to this day" to refer to the time when they were writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." 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+* [Verse: 4](../zep/34/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/34/05.md) -Old version of [2ch\34\08.md](../../v11/2ch/34/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../2ch/34/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../2ch/34/09.md) +Old version of [zep\34\08.md](../../v11/zep/34/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/34/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/34/09.md) -Old version of [2ch\35\07.md](../../v11/2ch/35/07.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../2ch/35/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../2ch/35/09.md) +Old version of [zep\35\07.md](../../v11/zep/35/07.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/35/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/35/09.md) -Old version of [2ch\35\13.md](../../v11/2ch/35/13.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../2ch/35/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../2ch/35/14.md) +Old version of [zep\35\13.md](../../v11/zep/35/13.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/35/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/35/14.md) -Old version of [2ch\35\26.md](../../v11/2ch/35/26.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../2ch/35/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../2ch/35/27.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\35\26.md](../../v11/zep/35/26.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/35/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/35/27.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2co/01/intro.md b/2co/01/intro.md index f6ea0fc97..ca7dda23c 100644 --- a/2co/01/intro.md +++ b/2co/01/intro.md @@ -2,32 +2,30 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The first paragraph is a reflection of a common way to begin a letter in the ancient Near East. - -This chapter begins with a much softer tone than any of the chapters in Paul's earlier letter to the Corinthian church, known as First Corinthians. - -##### Paul's integrity ##### -People have been criticizing Paul and saying he is not sincere. He refutes them by explaining his motives for what he is doing. +The first paragraph reflects a common way to begin a letter in the ancient Near East. #### Special Concepts #### +##### Paul's integrity ##### +People were criticizing Paul and saying he was not sincere. He refutes them by explaining his motives for what he was doing. + ##### Comfort ##### -This is a major theme of this chapter. Comforting Christians is a work of the Holy Spirit. It is probable that there was some affliction and the Corinthians needed to be comforted. +Comfort is a major theme of this chapter. The Holy Spirit comforts Christians. The Corinthians probably were afflicted and needed to be comforted. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical question ##### -Paul uses two rhetorical questions for the purpose of defending himself against a charge of insincerity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses two rhetorical questions to defend himself against a charge of not being sincere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### We ##### -It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. +Paul uses the pronoun "we". This likely represents at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people. ##### Guarantee ##### -The Holy Spirit is said to be the guarantee, pledge or down-payment of a Christian's eternal life. While a Christian's salvation is secure, they do not get to experience the promises given to them until after their death. It is only then that they will experience their receiving of the gift of eternal life. The Holy Spirit is shown here to be a personal guarantee that this will happen. This concept comes from a business term whereby a person would give some valuable item to another person as a "guarantee" that they would repay money. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +Paul says the Holy Spirit is the guarantee, which means pledge or down-payment, of a Christian's eternal life. Christians are securely saved. But they will not experience all of God's given promises until after they die. The Holy Spirit is a personal guarantee that this will happen. This idea comes from a business term. A person gives some valuable item to another person as a "guarantee" that they will repay money. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/02/intro.md b/2co/02/intro.md index 52dd266fa..b27d70789 100644 --- a/2co/02/intro.md +++ b/2co/02/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ #### Special Concepts #### ##### Harsh writing ##### -This chapter is, in large part, written in reference to a previous letter Paul wrote to the Corinthians. This letter had a harsh, corrective tone. It probably was written in between the letter known as First Corinthians and this letter. It also references a specific situation in the church which can only be understood implicitly. It is probable that the church was forced to rebuke an erring member and now Paul is encouraging them to show grace to this person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +In this chapter, Paul refers to a letter he previously wrote to the Corinthians. That letter had a harsh and corrective tone. Paul probably wrote it after the letter known as First Corinthians and before this letter. He implies that the church had to rebuke an erring member. Paul is now encouraging them to be gracious to that person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Aroma ##### -A sweet aroma or smell is pleasing. This is an important image in Scripture. Things that are pleasing to God are often described as having a pleasing aroma. +A sweet aroma is a pleasing smell. Scripture often describes things that are pleasing to God as having a pleasing aroma. ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/03/10.md b/2co/03/10.md index c9e3c9986..9112c4235 100644 --- a/2co/03/10.md +++ b/2co/03/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # that which was once made glorious is no longer glorious ... because of the glory that exceeds it -The Old Testament law no longer appears glorious when compared with the New Covenant, which is much more glorious. +The Old Testament law no longer appears glorious when compared with the new covenant, which is much more glorious. # that which was once made glorious diff --git a/2co/03/intro.md b/2co/03/intro.md index 468cfc7dd..fb1ee1fc6 100644 --- a/2co/03/intro.md +++ b/2co/03/intro.md @@ -7,17 +7,17 @@ Paul continues his defense. Paul views the Corinthian Christians as the proof of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Law of Moses ##### -There are many allusions to God giving the law of Moses. This chapter will be difficult to fully understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. This chapter contrasts the covenant God made with Moses with the New Covenant. Although the law was good, because it was revealed by God, it brought punishment to Israel because they were unable to obey it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) +Paul alludes to God giving the Ten Commandments on stone tablets. This represents the law of Moses. The law was good because it came from God. But God punished the Israelites because they disobeyed it. This chapter may be difficult for translators to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -There are many metaphors used in this chapter to explain complex spiritual truths. It is unclear whether this makes Paul's teaching easier or more difficult to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul uses many metaphors used in this chapter to explain complex spiritual truths. It is unclear whether this makes Paul's teachings easier or more difficult to understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "This is a covenant not of the letter but of the Spirit." ##### -It is uncertain what this means but the New Covenant is contrasted with the law of Moses. The New Covenant is not comprised of a system of rules and regulations. It is possible that the term "spirit" is a reference to the Holy Spirit, but it may also be a reference to the New Covenant being "spiritual" in nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +Paul contrasts the old and new covenants. The new covenant is not a system of rules and regulations. Here "Spirit" probably refers to the Holy Spirit. It may also refer to the new covenant being "spiritual" in nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/04/intro.md b/2co/04/intro.md index 5173da275..01cd7eeb6 100644 --- a/2co/04/intro.md +++ b/2co/04/intro.md @@ -1,26 +1,27 @@ # 2 Corinthians 04 General Notes # #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter begins with the word "therefore," which is connected to the teaching in the previous chapter. The awkward placement of the chapter division can cause confusion. +This chapter begins with the word "therefore." This connects it to what the previous chapter teaches. How these chapters are divided may be confusing to the reader. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Ministry ##### -Paul has the ministry, or job, of telling people about Christ. He does not use trickery to get them to believe. If they do not understand, the problem is ultimately spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +Paul ministers to people by telling them about Christ. He does not try to trick people into believing. If they do not understand the gospel, it is because the problem is ultimately spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Light and darkness ##### -These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### Life and death ##### -Life and death are not used in reference to physical life and death. Life represents the new life a Christian has in Jesus, while death represents the old way one lived prior to coming to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Paul does not refer here to physical life and death. Life represents the new life a Christian has in Jesus. Death represents the old way of living before believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Hope ##### -Paul uses a repeated pattern in a purposeful way. He makes a statement and then denies a seemingly opposite or contradictory statement or gives an exception. They function to give the reader hope in the midst of difficult circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) +Paul uses a repeated pattern in a purposeful way. He makes a statement. Then he denies a seemingly opposite or contradictory statement or gives an exception. Together these give the reader hope in difficult circumstances. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/05/intro.md b/2co/05/intro.md index 74ebb67d0..e0a7f43f0 100644 --- a/2co/05/intro.md +++ b/2co/05/intro.md @@ -3,21 +3,21 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### New bodies in heaven ##### -Paul knows, when he dies, he will receive a much better body. Because of this, he is not afraid of being killed for preaching the Good News. So he tells others that they too can be reconciled to God. Christ will take away their sin and give them his righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +Paul knows that when he dies he will receive a much better body. Because of this, he is not afraid of being killed for preaching the gospel. So he tells others that they too can be reconciled to God. Christ will take away their sin and give them his righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### New creation ##### -The new creation and the old is probably a reference to Paul's illustrations of the old and new self. These concepts are also equivalent to the old and new man. The term "old" is probably not a reference to the sinful nature that a person is born with, but is a reference to the old way of living or the Christian's former bondage to sin. The "new creation" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +The old and new creation probably refers to how Paul illustrates the old and new self. These concepts are also the same as the old and new man. The term "old" probably does not refer to the sinful nature with which a person is born. It refers to the old way of living or the Christian formerly being bound to sin. The "new creation" is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Home ##### -The Christian's home is no longer in the world. A Christian's home is in heaven. This is a common metaphor used in Scripture. The use of this imagery in this chapter emphasizes the temporariness of the Christian's circumstances. It gives hope to those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) +The Christian's home is no longer in the world. A Christian's real home is in heaven. By using this metaphor, Paul emphasizes that the Christian's circumstances in this world are temporary. It gives hope to those who are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "The message of reconciliation" ##### -This is a reference to the gospel. It is a call for those who are hostile to God, to repent and be reconciled to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) +This refers to the gospel. Paul calls for people who are hostile to God to repent and be reconciled to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/06/intro.md b/2co/06/intro.md index ab6c0901b..86099edc4 100644 --- a/2co/06/intro.md +++ b/2co/06/intro.md @@ -2,30 +2,31 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 6:2 and 6:16-18. All of these lines are quoted from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verses 2 and 16-18, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Servants ##### -Christians are said to be servants of God. This is because they are called to serve God in their life no matter the circumstances. This holds true even if one has very challenging circumstances. +Paul refers to Christians as servants of God. God calls Christians to serve him in all circumstances. Paul describes some of the difficult circumstances in which he and his companions served God. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Contrasts ##### -Paul uses four pairs of contrasts: righteousness versus lawlessness, light versus darkness, Christ versus Satan, and the temple of God versus idols. These contrasts are intended to differentiate between Christians and non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]]) +Paul uses four pairs of contrasts: righteousness versus lawlessness, light versus darkness, Christ versus Satan, and the temple of God versus idols. These contrasts show a difference between Christians and non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]]) ##### Light and darkness ##### -These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### Rhetorical questions ##### -Paul uses a series of rhetorical questions to teach his readers. All of these questions make essentially the same point: Christians should not intimately fellowship with those who live in sin. These questions are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Paul uses a series of rhetorical questions to teach his readers. All of these questions make essentially the same point: Christians should not intimately fellowship with those who live in sin. Paul repeats these questions for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### We ##### -It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. +Paul likely uses the pronoun "we" to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people. ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/07/intro.md b/2co/07/intro.md index 1ff035a0f..d7a43b9ef 100644 --- a/2co/07/intro.md +++ b/2co/07/intro.md @@ -2,26 +2,26 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter has a very abrupt change. In 7:2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then talks about Titus' return and the comfort it brought. +In verses 2-4, Paul finishes his defense. He then writes about Titus' return and the comfort it brought. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Clean and unclean ##### -Christians are "clean" in the sense that they are in a right relationship with God, and they do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) +Christians are "clean" in the sense that God has cleansed them from sin. They do not need to be concerned with being clean according to the law of Moses. Ungodly living can still make a Christian unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ##### Sadness and sorrow ##### -Different terms for emotions can have great differences in meaning. The terms "sad" and "sorrow" in this chapter indicates that the Corinthians were upset to the point of repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +The words "sad" and "sorrow" in this chapter indicate that the Corinthians were upset to the point of repenting. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### We ##### -It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. +Paul likely uses the pronoun "we" to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people. ##### Original situation ##### -This chapter discusses in detail a previous situation. Although some aspects of this situation can be assumed given the information in this chapter, it is best to leave this type of implicit information untranslated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This chapter discusses in detail a previous situation. We can figure out some aspects of this situation from the information in this chapter. But it is best not to include this type of implicit information in a translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/08/intro.md b/2co/08/intro.md index 7e2d5ed23..13a109ca3 100644 --- a/2co/08/intro.md +++ b/2co/08/intro.md @@ -2,25 +2,25 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section dealing with the gift from the churches in Greece to the poor believers in Jerusalem. +Chapters 8 and 9 begin a new section. Paul writes about how churches in Greece helped needy believers in Jerusalem. -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 8:15. +Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 15. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Gift to the church in Jerusalem ##### -The church in Corinth started preparing a gift of money for the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also have given generously. Now, Paul is sending Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem because they want people to know that it is being done honestly. +The church in Corinth started preparing to give money to the poor believers in Jerusalem. The churches in Macedonia also had given generously. Paul sends Titus and two other believers to Corinth to encourage the Corinthians to give generously. Paul and the others will carry the money to Jerusalem. They want people to know it is being done honestly. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### We ##### -It is likely that Paul's usage of the pronoun "we" represents at least Timothy and himself. It is possible that it may also include other people. +Paul likely uses the pronoun "we" to represent at least Timothy and himself. It may also include other people. -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement that appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. This sentence in 8:2 is a paradox: "the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity." In 8:3 Paul explains how their poverty produced riches. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other paradoxes. ([2 Corinthians 8:2](./01.md)) +A "paradox" is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. These words in verse 2 are a paradox: "the abundance of their joy and the extremity of their poverty have produced great riches of generosity." In verse 3 Paul explains how their poverty produced riches. Paul also uses riches and poverty in other paradoxes. ([2 Corinthians 8:2](./01.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/09/intro.md b/2co/09/intro.md index 2e67bea39..33bf750e7 100644 --- a/2co/09/intro.md +++ b/2co/09/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 9:9. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verse 9, which is quoted from the Old Testament. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -Paul uses three agricultural metaphors to give instructions about giving to those in need. Their overall purpose is to explain the point that God will reward those who give generously. He does not give specifics about how or when God will reward them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) +Paul uses three agricultural metaphors. He uses them to teach about giving to needy believers. The metaphors help Paul explain that God will reward those who give generously. Paul does not say how or when God will reward them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/10/intro.md b/2co/10/intro.md index 6149e7fcb..a8c8c4503 100644 --- a/2co/10/intro.md +++ b/2co/10/intro.md @@ -2,26 +2,26 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 10:17. +Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 17. -In this chapter, Paul returns to the topic of defending his authority. He also addresses the difference between the way he speaks and the way he writes. +In this chapter, Paul returns to defending his authority. He also compares the way he speaks and the way he writes. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Boasting ##### -Boasting is another word for bragging. Bragging has negative connotations while boasting should not. +"Boasting" is often thought of as bragging, which is not good. But in this letter "boasting" means confidently exulting or rejoicing. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -In verses 10:3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. These are probably used as part of a larger metaphor about Christians engaging in spiritual warfare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +In verses 3-6, Paul uses many metaphors from war. He probably uses them as part of a larger metaphor about Christians being spiritually at war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Flesh ##### -This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort. His new nature will fight against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) +"Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that our physical bodies are sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that as long as Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/11/intro.md b/2co/11/intro.md index e5ae421a0..074a38797 100644 --- a/2co/11/intro.md +++ b/2co/11/intro.md @@ -2,38 +2,46 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter continues Paul's defense which started in chapter 10 and lasts through the end of the book. +In this chapter, Paul continues defending his authority. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### False teaching ##### -The Corinthians were quick to accept false teaching about Jesus and Christianity. These other teachers were teaching things about Jesus and the gospel that were different and not true. Unlike these false teachers, Paul lives sacrificially in service of the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) +The Corinthians were quick to accept false teachers. They taught things about Jesus and the gospel that were different and not true. Unlike these false teachers, Paul sacrificially served the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]]) ##### Light ##### -This is a common image in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Light is commonly used in the New Testament as a metaphor. Paul here uses light to indicate the revealing of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin. Sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -Paul begins the chapter with an extended metaphor comparing Paul to the father of the bride giving a pure, virgin bride to her groom. Although wedding practices change depending on cultural background, the idea of helping to present someone as a grown and holy child is made rather explicit in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul begins this chapter with an extended metaphor. He compares himself to the father of a bride who is giving a pure, virgin bride to her bridegroom. Wedding practices change depending on the cultural background. But the idea of helping to present someone as a grown and holy child is explicitly pictured in this passage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Irony ##### -This chapter is full of irony. Paul is hoping to shame the Corinthian believers with his irony. "You tolerate these things well enough!" Paul thinks that they should not tolerate the way the false apostles treated them. Paul does not think they are really apostles at all. The statement, "For you gladly put up with fools. You are wise yourselves!" means that the Corinthian believers think they were very wise but Paul does not agree. "I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that." Paul is speaking about behavior he thinks is very wrong in order to avoid it. He is speaking as if he thinks he is wrong for not doing it. He used a rhetorical question also as irony. "Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This chapter is full of irony. Paul is hoping to shame the Corinthian believers with his irony. + +"You tolerate these things well enough!" Paul thinks that they should not tolerate the way the false apostles treated them. Paul does not think they are really apostles at all. + +The statement, "For you gladly put up with fools. You are wise yourselves!" means that the Corinthian believers think they were very wise but Paul does not agree. + +"I will say to our shame that we were too weak to do that." Paul is speaking about behavior he thinks is very wrong in order to avoid it. He is speaking as if he thinks he is wrong for not doing it. He uses a rhetorical question also as irony. "Did I sin by humbling myself so you might be exalted?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ##### Rhetorical questions ##### -In refuting the false apostles' claims of superiority, Paul used a series of rhetorical questions coupled with an answer: "Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more." He also used a series of rhetorical questions to express empathy with his converts: "Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who has caused another to fall into sin, and I do not burn within?" +In refuting the false apostles claiming to be superior, Paul uses a series of rhetorical questions. Each question is coupled with an answer: "Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I. Are they servants of Christ? (I speak as though I were out of my mind.) I am more." + +He also uses a series of rhetorical questions to empathize with his converts: "Who is weak, and I am not weak? Who has caused another to fall into sin, and I do not burn within?" ##### "Are they servants of Christ?" ##### -This is sarcasm, a special type of irony used to mock or insult. Paul does not believe these false teachers actually serve Christ, only that they pretend to. +This is sarcasm, a special type of irony used to mock or insult. Paul does not believe these false teachers actually serve Christ, only that they pretend to do so. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement that appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. This sentence in 11:30 is a paradox: "If I must boast, I will boast about what shows my weaknesses." Paul does not explain why he would boast in his weakness until 2 Cor 12:9. ([2 Corinthians 11:30](./30.md)) +A "paradox" is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in verse 30 is a paradox: "If I must boast, I will boast about what shows my weaknesses." Paul does not explain why he would boast in his weakness until 2 Corinthians 12:9. ([2 Corinthians 11:30](./30.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/12/intro.md b/2co/12/intro.md index 77bad74c5..1775da057 100644 --- a/2co/12/intro.md +++ b/2co/12/intro.md @@ -2,32 +2,34 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Paul continues his defense. +Paul continues defending his authority in this chapter. + +When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He had not ever taken anything from them. Now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not need to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Paul's vision ##### -Paul continues his defense as an apostle by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven he had. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. When Paul was with the Corinthians, he proved himself to be an apostle by his powerful deeds. He has not ever taken anything from them and now that he is coming for the third time, he will still not take anything. He hopes that when he visits, he will not have to be harsh with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]]) +Paul now defends his authority by telling about a wonderful vision of heaven. Although he speaks in the third person in verses 2-5, verse 7 indicates that he was the person who experienced the vision. It was so great, God gave him a physical handicap to keep him humble. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) ##### Third heaven ##### -Many scholars believe this is a reference to the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture uses the term "heaven" in reference to the sky (the "first" heaven) and in reference to the universe (the "second" heaven). +Many scholars believe the "third" heaven is the dwelling place of God. This is because Scripture also uses "heaven" to refer to the sky (the "first" heaven) and the universe (the "second" heaven). #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical questions ##### -Paul uses many rhetorical question defending himself against accusations from his enemies: "For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?" "Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?" and "Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses many rhetorical questions as he defends himself against his enemies who accused him: "For how were you less important than the rest of the churches, except that I was not a burden to you?" "Did Titus take advantage of you? Did we not walk in the same way? Did we not walk in the same steps?" and "Do you think all of this time we have been defending ourselves to you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ##### Sarcasm ##### -Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, "Forgive me for this wrong!" He also uses regular irony when he says: "But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit" to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, "Forgive me for this wrong!" He also uses regular irony when he says: "But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit." He uses it to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement that appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. This sentence in 12:5 is a paradox: "I will not boast, except about my weaknesses." Most people do not boast about being weak. And this sentence in 12:10 is a paradox: "For whenever I am weak, then I am strong." In 12:9 Paul explains why both of these statements are true. ([2 Corinthians 12:5](./03.md)) +A "paradox" is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentence in verse 5 is a paradox: "I will not boast, except about my weaknesses." Most people do not boast about being weak. This sentence in verse 10 is also a paradox: "For whenever I am weak, then I am strong." In verse 9, Paul explains why both of these statements are true. ([2 Corinthians 12:5](./03.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/13/intro.md b/2co/13/intro.md index 520277d79..9b9fd62dc 100644 --- a/2co/13/intro.md +++ b/2co/13/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -In 13:1-10, Paul finishes his defense before concluding the letter with a final greeting and blessing. +In this chapter, Paul finishes defending his authority. He then concludes the letter with a final greeting and blessing. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Preparation ##### -Paul is giving instructions in preparation for his upcoming visit to Corinth. He is hoping to avoid having to exercise church discipline on anyone and can have a joyous visit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) +Paul instructs the Corinthians as he prepares to visit them. He is hoping to avoid needing to discipline anyone in the church so he can visit them joyfully. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Power and weakness ##### -These two figures are repeatedly used in this chapter. The are intended to contrast with each other. The translator should attempt to use terms that are understood to be opposites of each other. +Paul repeatedly uses the contrasting words "power" and "weakness" in this chapter. The translator should use words that are understood to be opposites of each other. -##### "In the faith" ##### -Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. Some believe Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their faith. Other believe Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. From the context, it appears that the former is probable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +##### "Examine yourselves to see if you are in the faith. Test yourselves." ##### +Scholars are divided over what these sentences mean. Some scholars say that Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their Christian faith. The context favors this understanding. Others say these sentences mean that Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2co/front/intro.md b/2co/front/intro.md index f40c2d468..7c1282113 100644 --- a/2co/front/intro.md +++ b/2co/front/intro.md @@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ Paul's message was that God makes Christians part of a "new world" when a person #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Corinthians? #### -These are the most significant textual issues in 2 Corinthians: - * "and in your love for us" (8:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, read this way. However, many other versions read, "and in our love for you." There is strong evidence that each reading is original. Translators should probably follow the reading preferred by other versions in their region. -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/2co/span.md b/2co/span.md index 193ac1909..ec3ec7113 100644 --- a/2co/span.md +++ b/2co/span.md @@ -1,37 +1,37 @@ -Old version of [2co\01\12.md](../../v11/2co/01/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../2co/01/12.md) -* [Verse: 14](../2co/01/14.md) +Old version of [zep\01\12.md](../../v11/zep/01/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/01/12.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/01/14.md) -Old version of [2co\03\14.md](../../v11/2co/03/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../2co/03/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../2co/03/15.md) +Old version of [zep\03\14.md](../../v11/zep/03/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/03/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/03/15.md) -Old version of [2co\06\04.md](../../v11/2co/06/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../2co/06/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../2co/06/05.md) +Old version of [zep\06\04.md](../../v11/zep/06/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/06/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/06/05.md) -Old version of [2co\10\03.md](../../v11/2co/10/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../2co/10/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../2co/10/04.md) +Old version of [zep\10\03.md](../../v11/zep/10/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/10/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/10/04.md) -Old version of [2co\11\14.md](../../v11/2co/11/14.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../2co/11/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../2co/11/15.md) +Old version of [zep\11\14.md](../../v11/zep/11/14.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/11/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/11/15.md) -Old version of [2co\11\22.md](../../v11/2co/11/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../2co/11/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../2co/11/23.md) +Old version of [zep\11\22.md](../../v11/zep/11/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/11/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/11/23.md) -Old version of [2co\12\03.md](../../v11/2co/12/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../2co/12/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../2co/12/04.md) +Old version of [zep\12\03.md](../../v11/zep/12/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/12/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/12/04.md) -Old version of [2co\12\20.md](../../v11/2co/12/20.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../2co/12/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../2co/12/21.md) +Old version of [zep\12\20.md](../../v11/zep/12/20.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/12/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/12/21.md) -Old version of [2co\12\20.md](../../v11/2co/12/20.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../2co/12/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../2co/12/21.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\12\20.md](../../v11/zep/12/20.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/12/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/12/21.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2jn/front/intro.md b/2jn/front/intro.md index 1d58263a5..d4eabce2b 100644 --- a/2jn/front/intro.md +++ b/2jn/front/intro.md @@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important #### Who were the people John spoke against? #### -The people John spoke against were possibly those who would become known as Gnostics. These people believed that the physical world was evil. Since they believed Jesus was divine, they denied that he was truly human. This is because they thought God would not become human since the physical body is evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) \ No newline at end of file +The people John spoke against were possibly those who would become known as Gnostics. These people believed that the physical world was evil. Since they believed Jesus was divine, they denied that he was truly human. This is because they thought God would not become human since the physical body is evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) diff --git a/2jn/span.md b/2jn/span.md index 390c95e19..3b4a99cd4 100644 --- a/2jn/span.md +++ b/2jn/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [2jn\01\04.md](../../v11/2jn/01/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../2jn/01/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../2jn/01/05.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\04.md](../../v11/zep/01/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/01/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/01/05.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ki/06/intro.md b/2ki/06/intro.md index 8439cfddb..7062cf290 100644 --- a/2ki/06/intro.md +++ b/2ki/06/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Elisha caused an iron ax head to float. He fooled the whole army of Aram that wa #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical question ##### -The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) +The king's counselor expressed his unbelief in Elisha's prophecy of plenty of food: "See, even if Yahweh should make windows in heaven, can this thing happen?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ki/21/intro.md b/2ki/21/intro.md index adda8f9c0..9b5676241 100644 --- a/2ki/21/intro.md +++ b/2ki/21/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's judgment ##### -God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +God judges sin. When Manasseh worshiped idols and did many evil things, God said he would cause Judah to be destroyed by its enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/2ki/22/intro.md b/2ki/22/intro.md index 0c172124c..16a58ecb0 100644 --- a/2ki/22/intro.md +++ b/2ki/22/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The next two chapters (2 Kings 22-23) tell about the spiritual revival under Kin #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### The law ##### -The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +The priests found a copy of the law in the temple and took it to the king. He was upset because the people had disobeyed the law so badly. Josiah asked God about it. God said that he would destroy Judah for these sins but not in Josiah's lifetime, since he humbled himself and wanted to do better. Many scholars believe this was a copy of the book of Deuteronomy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ki/front/intro.md b/2ki/front/intro.md index 165f0fc61..2ea9bb50a 100644 --- a/2ki/front/intro.md +++ b/2ki/front/intro.md @@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ This phrase was used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. T #### Can I translate 2 Kings before 1 Kings? #### -The Book of 1 Kings should be translated before 2 Kings, since 2 Kings continues from where 1 Kings ends. \ No newline at end of file +The Book of 1 Kings should be translated before 2 Kings, since 2 Kings continues from where 1 Kings ends. diff --git a/2ki/span.md b/2ki/span.md index 06cb2b484..e834399be 100644 --- a/2ki/span.md +++ b/2ki/span.md @@ -1,90 +1,90 @@ -Old version of [2ki\02\21.md](../../v11/2ki/02/21.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../2ki/02/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../2ki/02/22.md) +Old version of [zep\02\21.md](../../v11/zep/02/21.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/02/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/02/22.md) -Old version of [2ki\07\05.md](../../v11/2ki/07/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../2ki/07/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../2ki/07/06.md) +Old version of [zep\07\05.md](../../v11/zep/07/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/07/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/07/06.md) -Old version of [2ki\08\01.md](../../v11/2ki/08/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../2ki/08/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../2ki/08/02.md) +Old version of [zep\08\01.md](../../v11/zep/08/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/08/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/08/02.md) -Old version of [2ki\08\10.md](../../v11/2ki/08/10.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../2ki/08/10.md) -* [Verse: 12](../2ki/08/12.md) +Old version of [zep\08\10.md](../../v11/zep/08/10.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/08/10.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/08/12.md) -Old version of [2ki\10\06.md](../../v11/2ki/10/06.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../2ki/10/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../2ki/10/07.md) +Old version of [zep\10\06.md](../../v11/zep/10/06.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/10/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/10/07.md) -Old version of [2ki\11\01.md](../../v11/2ki/11/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../2ki/11/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../2ki/11/02.md) +Old version of [zep\11\01.md](../../v11/zep/11/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/11/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/11/02.md) -Old version of [2ki\13\24.md](../../v11/2ki/13/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../2ki/13/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../2ki/13/25.md) +Old version of [zep\13\24.md](../../v11/zep/13/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/13/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/13/25.md) -Old version of [2ki\14\13.md](../../v11/2ki/14/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../2ki/14/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../2ki/14/14.md) +Old version of [zep\14\13.md](../../v11/zep/14/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/14/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/14/14.md) -Old version of [2ki\17\29.md](../../v11/2ki/17/29.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../2ki/17/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../2ki/17/31.md) +Old version of [zep\17\29.md](../../v11/zep/17/29.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 30](../zep/17/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/17/31.md) -Old version of [2ki\18\01.md](../../v11/2ki/18/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../2ki/18/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../2ki/18/02.md) +Old version of [zep\18\01.md](../../v11/zep/18/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/18/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/18/02.md) -Old version of [2ki\18\19.md](../../v11/2ki/18/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../2ki/18/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../2ki/18/20.md) +Old version of [zep\18\19.md](../../v11/zep/18/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/18/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/18/20.md) -Old version of [2ki\19\12.md](../../v11/2ki/19/12.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../2ki/19/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../2ki/19/13.md) +Old version of [zep\19\12.md](../../v11/zep/19/12.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/19/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/19/13.md) -Old version of [2ki\21\10.md](../../v11/2ki/21/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../2ki/21/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../2ki/21/12.md) +Old version of [zep\21\10.md](../../v11/zep/21/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/21/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/21/12.md) -Old version of [2ki\22\03.md](../../v11/2ki/22/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../2ki/22/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../2ki/22/04.md) +Old version of [zep\22\03.md](../../v11/zep/22/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/22/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/22/04.md) -Old version of [2ki\22\03.md](../../v11/2ki/22/03.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../2ki/22/03.md) -* [Verse: 5](../2ki/22/05.md) +Old version of [zep\22\03.md](../../v11/zep/22/03.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/22/03.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/22/05.md) -Old version of [2ki\22\06.md](../../v11/2ki/22/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../2ki/22/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../2ki/22/07.md) +Old version of [zep\22\06.md](../../v11/zep/22/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/22/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/22/07.md) -Old version of [2ki\23\04.md](../../v11/2ki/23/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../2ki/23/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../2ki/23/05.md) +Old version of [zep\23\04.md](../../v11/zep/23/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/23/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/23/05.md) -Old version of [2ki\23\06.md](../../v11/2ki/23/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../2ki/23/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../2ki/23/07.md) +Old version of [zep\23\06.md](../../v11/zep/23/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/23/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/23/07.md) -Old version of [2ki\23\12.md](../../v11/2ki/23/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../2ki/23/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../2ki/23/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../2ki/23/14.md) +Old version of [zep\23\12.md](../../v11/zep/23/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/23/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/23/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/23/14.md) -Old version of [2ki\23\19.md](../../v11/2ki/23/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../2ki/23/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../2ki/23/20.md) +Old version of [zep\23\19.md](../../v11/zep/23/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/23/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/23/20.md) -Old version of [2ki\23\31.md](../../v11/2ki/23/31.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../2ki/23/31.md) -* [Verse: 33](../2ki/23/33.md) +Old version of [zep\23\31.md](../../v11/zep/23/31.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/23/31.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/23/33.md) -Old version of [2ki\25\22.md](../../v11/2ki/25/22.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../2ki/25/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../2ki/25/23.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\25\22.md](../../v11/zep/25/22.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/25/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/25/23.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2pe/01/intro.md b/2pe/01/intro.md index e1b316f81..f9f262541 100644 --- a/2pe/01/intro.md +++ b/2pe/01/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Knowing God ##### -Christian spiritual growth is often described as knowing God more or knowing God better. This is because growing Christians understand the things of God better as they grow. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +##### Knowledge of God ##### +Having knowledge of God means to belong to him or to have a relationship with him. Here, "knowledge" is more than just mentally knowing about God. It is a knowledge that causes God to save a person and to give him grace and peace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/know]]) -##### Forgetting what God has done ##### -Peter believes Christians who are not leading godly lives have forgotten the cost of their salvation. He reasons: if they remembered their former lives and what Jesus has done, they would be sufficiently motivated to live godly lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +##### Living godly lives ##### +Peter teaches that God has given believers all that they need for living godly lives. Therefore, believers should do everything they can to obey God more and more. If believers continue to do this, then they will be effective and productive through their relationship with Jesus. However, if believers do not continue living godly lives, then it is like they have forgotten what God did through Christ to save them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Divine revelation ##### -Peter describes Christianity as a religion which has been revealed and proved by God, and it is therefore implied that it is not a creation of man, like all other religions (except Judaism). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### The truth of Scripture ##### +Peter teaches that the prophecies in Scripture were not made up by men. The Holy Spirit revealed God's message to the men spoke them or wrote them down. Also, Peter and the other apostles did not make up the stories they tell people about Jesus. They witnessed what Jesus did and heard God called Jesus his son. ## Links: ## diff --git a/2pe/02/20.md b/2pe/02/20.md index 1bdd6454f..8a38a2816 100644 --- a/2pe/02/20.md +++ b/2pe/02/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# If they have escaped + + + # the corruption of the world The word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. AT: "the defiling practices of sinful human society" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/2pe/02/intro.md b/2pe/02/intro.md index 4a97bbfe3..1fd2aecee 100644 --- a/2pe/02/intro.md +++ b/2pe/02/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "It has become for them worse than at the first." ##### -From the context, "them" probably refers to false teachers. These people were not Christians but came to hear the gospel message and understood it enough to further their own selfish desires. It is unlikely this passage teaches that Christians who begin to live sinful lives will lose their salvation because of their actions. This is because all Christians remain sinful after they are saved. The context favors this passage as referencing unsaved false teachers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - ##### Flesh ##### -This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) +"Flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. "Flesh" represents the human nature that rejects all things godly and desires what is sinful. This is the condition of all humans before they receive the Holy Spirit by believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) ##### Implicit information ##### -There are several analogies that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +There are several analogies in 2:4-8 that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2pe/03/intro.md b/2pe/03/intro.md index 70e7fe0d8..7814e274c 100644 --- a/2pe/03/intro.md +++ b/2pe/03/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Fire ##### -Fire is related to destruction and, because of this, it is associated with punishment. +People often use fire to destroy things or to make something pure by burning off the dirt and worthless parts. Therefore when God punishes the wicked or purifies his people, it is often associated with fire. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fire]]) ##### Day of the Lord ##### -The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to the world. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to people. This is what the simile "like a thief in the night" means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2pe/front/intro.md b/2pe/front/intro.md index 207015f4d..34059bc01 100644 --- a/2pe/front/intro.md +++ b/2pe/front/intro.md @@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ In this book, the word "I" refers to Peter. Also, the word "you" is always plura #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 2 Peter: +For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment." (2:4) The ULB, UDB, and many versions read this way. Other versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment." If other versions exist in the translators' region, they might consider following those versions' reading in this passage. -* "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you." (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and many versions read this way. Other versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts." -* "Beor" (2:15). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. Some other versions read, "Bosor." -* "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed." (3:10) The ULB, UDB, and many versions read this way. Other versions have, "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up." If other versions exist in the translators' region, they might consider following those versions' readings in this passage. +* "to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment" (2:4). Some modern versions and older versions have, "to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment." +* "They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you" (2:13). Some versions have, "They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts." +* "Beor" (2:15). Some other versions read, "Bosor." +* "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed" (3:10). Other versions have, "The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/2pe/span.md b/2pe/span.md index 15c6cbf55..531e1ce89 100644 --- a/2pe/span.md +++ b/2pe/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [2pe\01\12.md](../../v11/2pe/01/12.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../2pe/01/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../2pe/01/14.md) +Old version of [zep\01\12.md](../../v11/zep/01/12.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/01/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/01/14.md) -Old version of [2pe\02\17.md](../../v11/2pe/02/17.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../2pe/02/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../2pe/02/19.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\02\17.md](../../v11/zep/02/17.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/02/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/02/19.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2sa/03/07.md b/2sa/03/07.md index 3b7dcca85..59ccddb44 100644 --- a/2sa/03/07.md +++ b/2sa/03/07.md @@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ These are names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -# Why have you slept with my father's concubine? +# Why have you gone in to my father's concubine? -Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. AT: "You did not have the right to sleep with my father's concubine!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. AT: "You did not have the right to go in to father's concubine!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -# slept with +# gone in to -This is a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism for sexual relations. AT: "had sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/2sa/04/intro.md b/2sa/04/intro.md index b1a033f6e..bcc90a28a 100644 --- a/2sa/04/intro.md +++ b/2sa/04/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ David never sought revenge against Saul's family. When two men snuck into Ishbos #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical questions ##### -When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) +When two men brought Ishbosheth's head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: "should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2sa/07/intro.md b/2sa/07/intro.md index c7e66aeb2..d2854e32d 100644 --- a/2sa/07/intro.md +++ b/2sa/07/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc David wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) ##### Covenant of David ##### -God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) +God made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David's descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2sa/09/intro.md b/2sa/09/intro.md index 54b75abcb..c10236f3c 100644 --- a/2sa/09/intro.md +++ b/2sa/09/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### David's vow ##### -David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +David determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan's descendants. He found Jonathan's son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul's property to him and had him eat every day at the king's table. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/2sa/11/04.md b/2sa/11/04.md index c8a655443..506e8bffe 100644 --- a/2sa/11/04.md +++ b/2sa/11/04.md @@ -1,12 +1,16 @@ # took her -"and he took her." Here it says that David took the woman, but it was actually the messengers whom he sent that took her and brought her to him. AT: "they brought her to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +David actually sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. AT: "they brought her to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# she came in to him, and he slept with her +# she came in to him -The phrase "she came in to him" is a graphic description of David having sex with the woman. These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they slept together. AT: "he slept with her" or "he had sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +She came into his palace and into his bedroom. AT: "she came into the place where he was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# he lay with her + +This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # menstruation -a woman's monthly period +the time when a woman bleeds from her womb diff --git a/2sa/11/05.md b/2sa/11/05.md index 3871b0cb0..4c2134c3f 100644 --- a/2sa/11/05.md +++ b/2sa/11/05.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # she sent and told David; she said, "I am pregnant." -Here the word "sent" means that she sent a messenger. She sent him to tell David that she was pregnant. AT: "she sent a messenger to David to tell him that she was pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Here the word "sent" means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. AT: "she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/2sa/11/11.md b/2sa/11/11.md index c7a1b36b6..a2d8fafb4 100644 --- a/2sa/11/11.md +++ b/2sa/11/11.md @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ This refers to their armies. AT: "the armies of Israel and Judah" (See: [[rc://e This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah's refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. AT: "It would be wrong for me to go into my house ... with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# to lie with my wife + +This is a euphemism. AT: "to have sexual relations with my wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # As sure as you are alive, I will not do this Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. AT: "I solemnly promise that I will not do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/2sa/12/11.md b/2sa/12/11.md index 3ecc276bb..5b33f55a9 100644 --- a/2sa/12/11.md +++ b/2sa/12/11.md @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Here David's "house" refers to his family. AT: "from among your own family" (See Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. AT: "While you are watching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +# he will lie with your wives + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he will have sexual relations with your wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # in broad daylight "in full daylight." The idea of doing something "openly" or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the "daylight." AT: "openly" or "and everyone will see what is happening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/2sa/12/24.md b/2sa/12/24.md index 2b352664f..c0285f4d4 100644 --- a/2sa/12/24.md +++ b/2sa/12/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# went in to her, and slept with her +# went in to her and lay with her -The phrase "went in to her" is a graphic description of David having sex with his wife. These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that they slept together. AT: "slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +Both the phrase "went in to her" and the phrase "lay with her" refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. AT: "had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/2sa/13/11.md b/2sa/13/11.md index e69de29bb..1161c0a8c 100644 --- a/2sa/13/11.md +++ b/2sa/13/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# lie with me + +This is a euphemism. AT: "have sexual relations with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/2sa/13/12.md b/2sa/13/12.md index 08f6b97aa..d2ffe416b 100644 --- a/2sa/13/12.md +++ b/2sa/13/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # do not force me -She is referring to sleeping with him. AT: "do not force me to sleep with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +She is referring to having sexual relations with him. AT: "do not force me to have sexual relations with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) # appalling diff --git a/2sa/13/14.md b/2sa/13/14.md index e69de29bb..54bd37766 100644 --- a/2sa/13/14.md +++ b/2sa/13/14.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# he lay with her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/2sa/14/intro.md b/2sa/14/intro.md index e8d36383c..7b590a752 100644 --- a/2sa/14/intro.md +++ b/2sa/14/intro.md @@ -6,8 +6,11 @@ David missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]]) #### Important figures of speech used in this chapter #### + ##### Parable ##### + The wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David's own words against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + ## Links: ## * __[2 Samuel 14:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/2sa/16/21.md b/2sa/16/21.md index 175b8d351..263d90970 100644 --- a/2sa/16/21.md +++ b/2sa/16/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Go into your father's slave wives + +This is a euphemism. AT: "Have sexual relations with your father's slave wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # to keep the palace The phrase "to keep" means to take care of. AT: "to take care of the palace" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/2sa/16/22.md b/2sa/16/22.md index f69dc6910..51f552729 100644 --- a/2sa/16/22.md +++ b/2sa/16/22.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ "they set up" +# Absalom went in to his father's slave wives + +This is a euphemism. AT: "Absalom had sexual relations with his father's slave wives" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # in the sight of all Israel This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase "all of Israel" is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. AT: "where the Israelites could see him go into the tent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) diff --git a/2sa/17/25.md b/2sa/17/25.md index abc1c5ead..021614665 100644 --- a/2sa/17/25.md +++ b/2sa/17/25.md @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab's moth This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say "Israelite" here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area. +# who went in to Abigail + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "who had sexual relations with Abigail" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # Abigail ... Zeruiah These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/2sa/20/03.md b/2sa/20/03.md index 48c81f349..04169bdda 100644 --- a/2sa/20/03.md +++ b/2sa/20/03.md @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Here the phrase "to keep" means to take care of. AT: "to take care of the palace If a house is "under guard" it means that a guard is posted at the house. AT: "in a house and put a guard there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +# he did not lie with them + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he did not have sexual relations with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # they were shut up This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. AT: "they were shut inside the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/2sa/20/14.md b/2sa/20/14.md index f1bcc08b3..54049d584 100644 --- a/2sa/20/14.md +++ b/2sa/20/14.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Here "Sheba" refers to both him and his army. AT: "Sheba and his army" or "Sheba and his men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -# Abel of Beth Maacah +# Abel Beth Maacah -"Abel Beth Maacah." Both names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # of the Bikrites diff --git a/2sa/21/intro.md b/2sa/21/intro.md index 01d4776bc..c11c81a38 100644 --- a/2sa/21/intro.md +++ b/2sa/21/intro.md @@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Famine caused by a broken oath ##### -When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +When Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan's sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ##### Wisdom, grace and justice ##### -David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +David is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2sa/23/29.md b/2sa/23/29.md index cebcf9cde..a6ad2039a 100644 --- a/2sa/23/29.md +++ b/2sa/23/29.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/son]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] diff --git a/2sa/23/33.md b/2sa/23/33.md index cebcf9cde..7baaf7e15 100644 --- a/2sa/23/33.md +++ b/2sa/23/33.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of David's greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tribe]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/gad]] diff --git a/2sa/front/intro.md b/2sa/front/intro.md index 5a1a1d44e..ce13c6806 100644 --- a/2sa/front/intro.md +++ b/2sa/front/intro.md @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ The Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel contin The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]]) -2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as "Israel." However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/09.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/03.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/09.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/07.md); [2 Samuel 19:42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)). \ No newline at end of file +2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as "Israel." However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/09.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/03.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/09.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/07.md); [2 Samuel 19:42-43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)). diff --git a/2sa/span.md b/2sa/span.md index 40fa5963e..004cb3ab7 100644 --- a/2sa/span.md +++ b/2sa/span.md @@ -1,176 +1,176 @@ -Old version of [2sa\02\08.md](../../v11/2sa/02/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../2sa/02/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../2sa/02/09.md) +Old version of [zep\02\08.md](../../v11/zep/02/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/02/09.md) -Old version of [2sa\02\12.md](../../v11/2sa/02/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../2sa/02/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../2sa/02/13.md) +Old version of [zep\02\12.md](../../v11/zep/02/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/02/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/02/13.md) -Old version of [2sa\02\18.md](../../v11/2sa/02/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../2sa/02/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../2sa/02/19.md) +Old version of [zep\02\18.md](../../v11/zep/02/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/02/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/02/19.md) -Old version of [2sa\03\02.md](../../v11/2sa/03/02.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../2sa/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../2sa/03/03.md) +Old version of [zep\03\02.md](../../v11/zep/03/02.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) -Old version of [2sa\03\02.md](../../v11/2sa/03/02.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../2sa/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../2sa/03/03.md) +Old version of [zep\03\02.md](../../v11/zep/03/02.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* 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[Verse: 11](../zep/24/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/24/12.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2th/01/intro.md b/2th/01/intro.md index 6b5f46e4a..3ef28736c 100644 --- a/2th/01/intro.md +++ b/2th/01/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -1:1-2 forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common way of introducing a letter in the ancient Near East. +Verses 1-2 formally introduce this letter. Letters in the ancient Near East commonly had introductions of this type. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. A paradox occurs in 1:4-5: "We talk about your patience and faith in all your persecutions. We talk about the afflictions that you endure. This is a sign of God's righteous judgment." People would not normally think that having faith in God when being persecuted is a sign of God's righteous judgment. But in 1:5-10, Paul explains how God will reward those who have faith in him and how he will judge those who afflict them. ([2 Thessalonians 1:4-5](./03.md)) +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in verses 4-5: "We talk about your patience and faith in all your persecutions. We talk about the afflictions that you endure. This is a sign of God's righteous judgment." People would not normally think that believing in God while being persecuted is a sign of God's righteous judgment. But in verses 5-10, Paul explains how God will reward those who believe in him and how he will judge those who afflict them. ([2 Thessalonians 1:4-5](./03.md)) ## Links: ## * __[2 Thessalonians 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/2th/02/intro.md b/2th/02/intro.md index 7b283f83e..c95435dc9 100644 --- a/2th/02/intro.md +++ b/2th/02/intro.md @@ -4,15 +4,13 @@ ##### "Being gathered together to be with him" ##### -Many scholars believe this passage refers to an event known as the "rapture." This is a time when Jesus calls those who believe in him to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +This passage refers to a time when Jesus calls to himself those who have believed in him. Scholars differ on whether or not this refers to Christ's final glorious return. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) -##### Antichrist ##### -Other names for the Antichrist in this chapter are the "man of lawlessness," "the lawless one," and the "son of destruction." During the time prophesied in this chapter, Satan will be actively at work in the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Man of lawlessness ##### +This is the same as "son of destruction" and "lawless one" in this chapter. Paul associates him with Satan actively working in the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]]) ##### Sits in the temple of God ##### -Since the temple no longer exists, it is possible this is a reference to the idea that the temple will one day be rebuilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul could be referring to the Jerusalem temple that the Romans destroyed several years after he wrote this letter. Or he could be referring to a future physical temple, or to the church as the spiritual temple of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2th/03/intro.md b/2th/03/intro.md index a6210a1ca..e019474b3 100644 --- a/2th/03/intro.md +++ b/2th/03/intro.md @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Idleness and laziness ##### -In Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in their church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Idle and lazy persons ##### +In Thessalonica, there apparently was a problem with people in the church who were able to work but refused to do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -##### What should you do if "your brother sins"? ##### +##### What should you do if your brother sins? ##### -In this chapter, Paul teaches it is important for Christians to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for their actions. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +In this chapter, Paul teaches that Christians need to live in a way that honors God. Christians should also encourage one another and hold each other accountable for what they do. The church is also responsible for encouraging believers to repent if they sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2th/front/intro.md b/2th/front/intro.md index e3aeb3ba1..01926c1a1 100644 --- a/2th/front/intro.md +++ b/2th/front/intro.md @@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Thessalonians? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in 2 Thessalonians: +For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. * "and the man of lawlessness is revealed" (2:3). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Older versions have, "and the man of sin is revealed." -* "For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation." If there are other versions in their region, translators should consider following their reading in this passage. +* "For God chose you as the firstfruits for salvation" (2:13) The ULB, UDB, and some other versions read this way. Other versions have, "For God chose you from the first for salvation." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/2th/span.md b/2th/span.md index 88870b122..fbc43cbbd 100644 --- a/2th/span.md +++ b/2th/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [2th\01\06.md](../../v11/2th/01/06.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../2th/01/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../2th/01/07.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\06.md](../../v11/zep/01/06.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2ti/01/intro.md b/2ti/01/intro.md index 48134d9d7..b64c730d2 100644 --- a/2ti/01/intro.md +++ b/2ti/01/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ ##### Spiritual children ##### -Paul calls Timothy his "son." Paul was very involved in discipling Timothy. Because of this relationship, he called him his "spiritual" son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +Paul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul calls Timothy "beloved child." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Persecution ##### -Both Paul and Timothy were suffering persecution when this letter was written. Paul takes the time to encourage Timothy in the midst of these difficulties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter. Paul encourages Timothy to be willing to suffer for the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ti/02/intro.md b/2ti/02/intro.md index 713776f86..1c301f96e 100644 --- a/2ti/02/intro.md +++ b/2ti/02/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set sayings farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text to show that the author is quoting them. The ULB does this with the saying that Paul quotes in 2:11-13. +Some translations set words farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with verses 11-13. Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn in these verses. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### We will reign with him ##### -The faithful Christians are said to reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +Faithful Christians will reign with Christ in the future. (See: rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Analogies ##### -Paul draws on several analogies in this chapter to present his teaching about living as a Christian. First he uses the analogy of a soldier, then an athlete, and then that of a farmer. A little further on in the chapter, he also uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house, some for ordinary, everyday use, and others reserved for use on special occasions. +In this chapter, Paul makes several analogies to teach about living as a Christian. He uses analogies of soldiers, athletes, and farmers. Later in the chapter, he uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house. ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ti/03/intro.md b/2ti/03/intro.md index a9f12ef18..fc0bddc91 100644 --- a/2ti/03/intro.md +++ b/2ti/03/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The passage in [2 Timothy 3:1-9](./01.md) describes a prophecy concerning the last days. Verse [2 Timothy 3:13](./10.md) should also be included in this prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) +The "last days" could mean in the future just before Jesus returns. If so, Paul is prophesying in verses 1-9 and 13 about those days. The "last days" could also mean the Christian age, including Paul's time. If so, what Paul teaches about being persecuted applies to all Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ti/04/intro.md b/2ti/04/intro.md index 77584ad0c..545219f07 100644 --- a/2ti/04/intro.md +++ b/2ti/04/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -##### "I solemnly command you" ##### +##### "I give this solemn command" ##### Paul begins to give personal instructions to Timothy. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Crown ##### -In Scripture, there are several different types of crowns used as images for different things. It appears the crown in this chapter is achieved or awarded at the end of a person's life. +Scripture uses different kinds of crowns as images for different things. It appears Christ will award the crown in this chapter to believers as a reward for living rightly. ## Links: ## diff --git a/2ti/front/intro.md b/2ti/front/intro.md index 2133abee7..70ff34119 100644 --- a/2ti/front/intro.md +++ b/2ti/front/intro.md @@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe #### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 Timothy? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of 2 Timothy: +For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. There are some older versions, however, that read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles." -* "Warn them before God" (2:14). The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions read this way. There are some versions that read, "Warn them before the Lord." Translators should consider using the same reading as in the other versions in their region. +* "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher" (1:11). Some older versions read, "Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles." +* "Warn them before God" (2:14). Some older versions read, "Warn them before the Lord." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/2ti/span.md b/2ti/span.md index 864f575ea..227150949 100644 --- a/2ti/span.md +++ b/2ti/span.md @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ -Old version of [2ti\01\01.md](../../v11/2ti/01/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../2ti/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../2ti/01/02.md) +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) -Old version of [2ti\01\15.md](../../v11/2ti/01/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../2ti/01/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../2ti/01/16.md) +Old version of [zep\01\15.md](../../v11/zep/01/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/01/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/01/16.md) -Old version of [2ti\02\11.md](../../v11/2ti/02/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../2ti/02/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../2ti/02/13.md) +Old version of [zep\02\11.md](../../v11/zep/02/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/02/11.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/02/13.md) -Old version of [2ti\04\14.md](../../v11/2ti/04/14.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../2ti/04/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../2ti/04/15.md) +Old version of [zep\04\14.md](../../v11/zep/04/14.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/04/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) -Old version of [2ti\04\19.md](../../v11/2ti/04/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../2ti/04/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../2ti/04/21.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\04\19.md](../../v11/zep/04/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/04/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/04/21.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3jn/front/intro.md b/3jn/front/intro.md index 2c66420b7..ca92dc26e 100644 --- a/3jn/front/intro.md +++ b/3jn/front/intro.md @@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ Hospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important The author used the terms "brother" and "children" in a way that can be confusing. The scriptures often used the term "brothers" to refer to Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to Christians. Also, John called some believers his "children." These are believers he taught to obey Christ. -John also used the term "Gentile" in a way that could be confusing. The scriptures often used the term "Gentile" to refer to people who are not Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to those who did not believe in Jesus. \ No newline at end of file +John also used the term "Gentile" in a way that could be confusing. The scriptures often used the term "Gentile" to refer to people who are not Jews. But in this letter, John used the word to refer to those who did not believe in Jesus. diff --git a/3jn/span.md b/3jn/span.md index 4c21b51e9..cb0029fbe 100644 --- a/3jn/span.md +++ b/3jn/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [3jn\01\05.md](../../v11/3jn/01/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../3jn/01/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../3jn/01/06.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\05.md](../../v11/zep/01/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/01/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/01/intro.md b/act/01/intro.md index f923130c5..bf9be769f 100644 --- a/act/01/intro.md +++ b/act/01/intro.md @@ -2,36 +2,45 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter records an event, commonly known as the "Ascension," when Jesus returns to heaven after his resurrection. He will not come back until he returns at his "second coming." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) +This chapter records an event, commonly known as the "Ascension," when Jesus returned to heaven after he became alive again. He will not come back until he returns at his "second coming." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) -Following other translations, the UDB has chosen to set the salutation ("Dear Theophilus") apart. This follows the style of a letter, but it may be approached differently to follow a similar practice in the translator's culture. +The UDB has set the words "Dear Theophilus" apart from the other words. This is because English speakers often start letters this way. You might want to start this book the way people start letters in your culture. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the two quotes from Psalms in 1:20. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### The kingdom of God ##### -Some scholars believe that Jesus explained to the disciples why the kingdom of God did not come during his life. Others believe that a new phase of the kingdom of God has just begun. +##### Baptize ##### + +The word "baptize" has two meanings in this chapter. It refers to the water baptism of John and to the baptism of the Holy Spirit ([Acts 1:5](./04.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) + +##### "He spoke about the kingdom of God" ##### + +Some scholars believe that when Jesus "spoke about the kingdom of God," he explained to the disciples why the kingdom of God did not come before he died. Others believe that the kingdom of God did begin while Jesus was alive and that here Jesus was explaining that it was beginning in a new form. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### The twelve disciples ##### -The following are the list of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. +The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: -In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. +In Matthew: -In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. -It is probable that Thaddaeus and Jude, the son of James, are two names of the same person. +In Mark: -##### Changes in tense ##### +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. -It may be difficult to translate the phrase, "Jesus began to do and to teach" because it changes the tense or timing of events within the same sentence ([Acts 1:1](./01.md)). It may be necessary to make all these actions agree with each other in tense. An alternative translation could be, "Jesus did and taught." +In Luke: + +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. + +Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James. ##### Akeldama ##### -This is a phrase in Hebrew or Aramaic. Luke transliterates this word by writing it with Greek letters, and then he explains the meaning. Translators are encouraged to transliterate it using the letters of the target language and then explain the meaning. +This is a phrase in Hebrew or Aramaic. Luke used Greek letters so his readers would know how it sounded, and then he told what it means. You should probably spell it the way it sounds in your language and then explain the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/02/04.md b/act/02/04.md index 337200158..a7b862fad 100644 --- a/act/02/04.md +++ b/act/02/04.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "The Holy Spirit filled all of those who were there and they" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# speak with other languages +# speak in other tongues -These are languages that they did not already know. +They were speaking in languages that they did not already know. diff --git a/act/02/intro.md b/act/02/intro.md index 1d76992e0..142269c61 100644 --- a/act/02/intro.md +++ b/act/02/intro.md @@ -6,26 +6,29 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 2:31. -The events described in this chapter are commonly called "Pentecost." Many people believe the coming of the Holy Spirit to indwell believers in this chapter marks the beginning of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +The events described in this chapter are commonly called "Pentecost." Many people believe that the church began to exist when the Holy Spirit came to live inside believers in this chapter. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Tongues ##### -There is a display of tongues in this passage. They are described as foreign languages, previously unknown to the speaker. + +The word "tongues" has two meanings in theis chapter. Luke describes what came down from heaven ([Acts 2:3](./01.md)) as tongues that looked like fire. This is different from "a tongue of flame," which is a fire that looks like a tongue. Luke also uses the word "tongues" to describe the languages that the people spoke after the Holy Spirit filled them ([Acts 2:4-6](./01.md)). ##### Last days ##### -Did the last days begin at this time in history? Scholars are divided over the response to this difficult question. The translator should exercise caution to avoid explicitly stating the starting point of the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) -##### Baptism ##### -There are two baptisms referenced in this chapter. The first is christian baptism. The second is the baptism of the Spirit. The difference between the two baptisms depends on one's theological perspective. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) +No one knows for sure when the "last days" ([Acts 2:17](./06.md)) began. Your translation should not say more than the ULB does about this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) -##### Signs and wonders ##### -This is a unique phrase describing the great power displayed and bearing witness to the truth of who Christ was and is. This is a major theme of the chapter. +##### Baptize ##### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The word "baptize" in this chapter refers to Christian baptism ([Acts 2:38-41](./37.md)). Though the event described in [Acts 2:1-11](./01.md) is the baptism of the Holy Spirit that Jesus promised in [Acts 1:5](./04.md), the word "baptize" here does not refer to that event. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/baptize]]) -##### Has the prophecy of Joel been fulfilled? ##### -It appears the prophecy of Joel may have been fulfilled in part, but not completely. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +##### The prophecy of Joel ##### + +Many of the things that Joel said would happen did happen on the day of Pentecost ([Acts 2:17-18](./16.md)), but some things Joel spoke of did not happen ([Acts 2:19-20](./18.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +##### Wonders and signs ##### + +These words refer to things that only God could do that showed that Jesus is who the disciples said he is. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/03/intro.md b/act/03/intro.md index 0c6e28180..0b0b071f0 100644 --- a/act/03/intro.md +++ b/act/03/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### -This chapter explains that part of the Abrahamic covenant has been fulfilled in Jesus. +##### The covenant God made with Abraham ##### + +This chapter explains that Jesus came to the Jews because God was fulfilling part of the covenant he had made with Abraham. Peter thought that the Jews were the ones who were truly guilty of killing Jesus, but he #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "You delivered up" ##### -There are many references to the "men of Israel" as "you." While it is true that the leaders of Israel were responsible for these events, ultimately it was Jesus' choice to be delivered up and the need for his death was the sin of mankind. Therefore, the author is not bringing judgment upon these people, but is urging repentance for their condemnation of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) + +The Romans were the ones who killed Jesus, but they killed him because the Jews captured him, brought him to the Romans, and told the Romans to kill him. For this reason Peter thought that they were the ones who were truly guilty of killing Jesus. But he tells them that they are also the first ones to whom God has sent Jesus' followers to invite them to repent ([Luke 3:26](./24.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/04/intro.md b/act/04/intro.md index ef25db5b9..25589b767 100644 --- a/act/04/intro.md +++ b/act/04/intro.md @@ -7,17 +7,24 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Unity ##### -The early church prioritized unity. There was a spirit of unity among the followers of Christ as well as some financial unity. The latter shows a sense of total commitment. + +The first Christians wanted very much to be united. They wanted to believe the same things and share everything they owned and help those who needed help. + +##### "Signs and wonders" ##### + +This phrase refers to things that only God can do. The Christians wanted God to do what only he can do so that people would believe that what they said about Jesus was true. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Cornerstone ##### -This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The cornerstone was the first piece of stone put into place when making the foundation of a building. If the cornerstone was out of place or at a wrong angle, then the whole building would be off. This metaphor teaches that Jesus is the proper foundation of faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +The cornerstone was the first piece of stone that people put down when they were building a building. This is a metaphor for the most important part of something, the part on which everything depends. To say that Jesus is the cornerstone of the church is to say that nothing in the church is more important than Jesus and that everything about the church depends on Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "For there is no other name under heaven" ##### -The Greek word for "name" indicates that it is not just the word "Jesus" that saves, but his true person. It is the true Jesus, the Son of God, the one who died for the sins of mankind, who is the only way a person can go to heaven. +##### Name ##### + +"There is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved" ([Acts 4:12](./11.md)). With these words Peter was saying that no other person who has ever been on the earth or will ever be on earth can save people. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/05/intro.md b/act/05/intro.md index f89d6c07a..48f0ac38d 100644 --- a/act/05/intro.md +++ b/act/05/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit" ##### -This is a theologically difficult phrase. Satan controlled the hearts of Ananias and Sapphira. Scholars have debated whether these two were Christians or non-Christians. The meaning of "filled" can be translated as "completely controlled" or simply "controlled" or "guided." This will affect one's interpretation of this verse. + +No one knows for sure if Ananias and Sapphira were truly Christians when they decided to lie about the land that they sold ([Acts 5:1-10](./01.md)), because Luke does not say. He does say that they were among "those who believed" ([Luke 4:32](../04/32.md)) However, Peter knew that they lied to the believers, and he knew that they had listened to and obeyed Satan. + +When they lied to the believers, they also lied to the Holy Spirit. This is because the Holy Spirit lives inside believers. ##### Jail ##### -The Jewish council had the responsibility of maintaining order in Israel as well as administering justice. Apparently, they had the ability to put people in prison to maintain peace. + +The "public jail" in which the Jewish council put Peter ([Acts 5:18](./17.md)) was probably a jail. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/06/intro.md b/act/06/intro.md index 3a652148e..78b8f1965 100644 --- a/act/06/intro.md +++ b/act/06/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,15 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Favoritism ##### -There was priority given to those in need based on where they were from. The Jewish widows (who were probably Jewish Christians) from Israel were given priority over the Jewish widows (who were probably Jewish Christians) from Greece. +##### The distribution to the widows ##### -##### Deacons ##### -The church establishes leaders to serve over the practical needs of the church. This is probably the practice that lead to the formation of the office of deacon, described elsewhere in the New Testament. +The believers in Jerusalem gave food every day to women whose husbands had died. All of them had been raised as Jews, but some of them had lived in Judea and spoke Hebrew, and others had lived in Gentile areas and spoke Greek. Those who gave out the food gave it to the Hebrew-speaking widows but not to the Greek-speaking widows. To please God, the church leaders appointed Greek-speaking men to make sure the Greek-speaking widows received their share of the food. One of these Greek-speaking men was Stephen. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "His face was like the face of an angel" ##### -All cultures have different images associated with angels. It is important to avoid these connotations present in the background of the translator's culture. It is possible that his face was "shining" like an angel; regardless, it is probably an indication of his holiness or righteousness in the midst of this trial. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] or [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +No one knows for sure what it was about Stephen's face that was like the face of an angel, because Luke does not tell us. It is best for the translation to say only what the ULB says about this. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/07/intro.md b/act/07/intro.md index f8d152ad2..4675fe155 100644 --- a/act/07/intro.md +++ b/act/07/intro.md @@ -9,23 +9,32 @@ It appears that 8:1 is part of the narrative of this chapter. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Stephen said" ##### -Stephen retells the history of Israel very briefly. This is something the Jewish council and the high priest would have already known. The climax of the story is Jesus coming as the Messiah of Israel and his rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) + +Stephen told the history of Israel very briefly. He paid special attention to the times that the Israelites had rejected the people God had chosen to lead them. At the end of the story, he said that the Jewish leaders he was talking to had rejected Jesus just as the evil Israelites had always rejected the leaders God had appointed for them. ##### "Full of the Holy Spirit" ##### -This means "to be completely controlled by the Holy Spirit." In other words, a person is living in total alignment with the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]]) + +The Holy Spirit completely controlled Stephen so that he said only and all of what God wanted him to say. + +##### Foreshadowing ##### + +When an author speaks of something that is not important at that time but will be important later in the story, this is called foreshadowing. Luke mentions Saul, also known as Paul, here, even though he is not an important person in this part of the story. This is because Paul is an important person in the rest of the Book of Acts. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "You act just as your forefathers acted" ##### -Stephen compares the idolatry of the Israelites in history with the leaders' rejection of Jesus, the Messiah. This is a type of metaphor. The phrases "stiff-necked" and "uncircumcised" are also metaphors for the people's sin and lack of understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +##### Implied information ##### -##### Foreshadowing ##### -Saul, also known as Paul, is included here to foreshadow the role he will play in the rest of the book of Acts. Here Saul is persecuting Christians. +Stephen was talking to Jews who knew the law of Moses well, so he did not explain things that his hearers already knew. But you may need to explain some of these things so that your readers will be able to understand what Stephen was saying. For example, you may need to make explicit that when Joseph's brothers "sold him into Egypt" ([Acts 7:9](./09.md)), Joseph was going to be a slave in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +##### Metonymy ##### + +Stephen spoke of Joseph ruling "over Egypt" and over all of Pharaoh's household. By this he meant that Joseph ruled over the people of Egypt and of the people and possessions in Pharaoh's household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Background Knowledge ##### -This chapter will be very difficult to understand if the book of Genesis has not yet been translated into one's language. In many ways, it summarizes the book of Genesis, with many details left out. +##### Background knowledge ##### + +The Jewish leaders to whom Stephen spoke already knew much about the events he was telling them about. They knew what Moses had written in the Book of Genesis. If the Book of Genesis has not been translated into your language, it may be difficult for your readers to understand what Stephen said. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/08/04.md b/act/08/04.md index cef5c68fd..2a93a7c2d 100644 --- a/act/08/04.md +++ b/act/08/04.md @@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ This begins the story of Philip, whom the people had chosen as a deacon. (See: [ The cause for the scattering, the persecution, was stated previously. This can be stated in active form. AT: "who had fled the great persecution and had gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# proclaiming the word +# proclaiming the good news of the word -"Word" here is a metonym for "message." AT: "proclaiming the message from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +"proclaiming the word as good news" or "proclaiming the good news, the word" + +# the word + +This is a metonym for "the message." You may need to make explicit that the message was about Jesus. AT: "the message about Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/act/08/intro.md b/act/08/intro.md index a96211650..fc05457c8 100644 --- a/act/08/intro.md +++ b/act/08/intro.md @@ -4,18 +4,17 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 8:32-33. -The first verse appears connected to the narrative of chapter 7 and not the events of Chapter 8. +The first sentence of verse 1 ends the description of the events in chapter 7. Luke begins a new part of his history with the words "So there began." #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Receiving the Holy Spirit ##### -Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +In this chapter for the first time Luke speaks of people receiving the Holy Spirit ([Acts 8:15-19](./14.md)). The Holy Spirit had already enabled the believers to speak in tongues, to heal the sick, and to live as a community, and he had filled Stephen. But when the Jews started putting believers in prison, those believers who could leave Jerusalem did leave, and as they went, they told people about Jesus. When the people who heard about Jesus received the Holy Spirit, the church leaders knew that those people had truly become believers, -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Proclaimed ##### -##### Preached the gospel ##### -While "preaching" can take many forms, the general idea in this phrase is that they share the good news that Jesus died and rose again for the sins of man. It is the message and not its presentation that is significant here. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +This chapter more than any other in the Book of Acts speaks of the believers proclaiming the word, proclaiming the good news, and proclaiming that Jesus is the Christ. The word "proclaim" translates a Greek word that means to tell good news about something. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/09/intro.md b/act/09/intro.md index db15093e8..6a1ac59dd 100644 --- a/act/09/intro.md +++ b/act/09/intro.md @@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "The Way" ##### -This was apparently a name given to people who were Christians in the early church. + +No one knows for sure who first started calling believers followers of the Way. This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or "way," If this is true, the believers were "following the way of the Lord" by living in a way that pleased God. ##### "Letters for the synagogues in Damascus" ##### -The letters Paul asked for would have been legal papers, which authorized the persecution and imprisonment of the Christians. The translator's culture may have different terms for "legal papers" or "legally binding papers," which could be useful in translation. + +The "letters" Paul asked for were probably legal papers that permitted him to put Christians in prison. The synagogue leaders in Damascus would have obeyed the letter because it was written by the high priest. If the Romans had seen the letter, they also would have allowed Saul to persecute the Christians, because they permitted the Jews to do as they desired to people who broke their religious laws. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "I am Jesus" ##### -The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus in body or physical form after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### What Saul saw when he met Jesus ##### + +It is clear that Saul saw a light and that it was because of this light that he "fell upon the ground." Some people think that Saul knew that it was the Lord speaking to him without seeing a human form, because the Bible often speaks of God as being light and living in light. Other people think that later in his life he was able to say, "I have seen the Lord Jesus" because it was a human form that he saw here. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/10/intro.md b/act/10/intro.md index d29d2f3b8..b96c1ed74 100644 --- a/act/10/intro.md +++ b/act/10/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Unclean ##### -The Jews believed uncleanliness could be spread by associating with a Gentile or visiting someone from another nation. This was according to the laws the Pharisees made and not according to the law of Moses. While it was possible that some contact could have made one unclean, the Pharisees prohibited any type of close contact with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The Jews believed that they could become unclean in God's sight if they visited or ate food with a Gentile. This was because the Pharisees had made a law against it because they wanted to keep people from eating foods that the law of Moses said were unclean. The law of Moses did say that some foods were unclean, but it did not say that God's people could not visit or eat with Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -##### "Get up, Peter; kill and eat!" ##### -Peter's vision was about a Christian's freedom to eat any animal. The Jews were not permitted to eat many animals because the law of Moses declared that they were unclean. Before this vision, Christians were not certain whether they needed to follow the law of Moses. The presence of the Holy Spirit is an indication that the Gentiles could be saved without following the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +##### Baptism and the Holy Spirit ##### + +The Holy Spirit "fell on" those who were listening to Peter. This showed the Jewish believers that Gentiles could receive the word of God and receive the Holy Spirit just as the Jewish believers had. After that, the Gentiles were baptized. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/11/intro.md b/act/11/intro.md index acc69be08..2991bb694 100644 --- a/act/11/intro.md +++ b/act/11/intro.md @@ -3,11 +3,8 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "The Gentiles also had received the word of God" ##### -In the early church, Christians were almost exclusively Jewish. Many Gentiles then started to believe in Jesus. This is what it means to "receive the word of God." -##### "Baptism in the Holy Spirit" ##### - -Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +Almost all of the first believers were Jewish. Luke writes in this chapter that many Gentiles started to believe in Jesus. They believed that the message about Jesus was true and so began to "receive the word of God." Some of the believers in Jerusalem did not believe that Gentiles could truly follow Jesus, so Peter went to them and told them what had happened to him and how he had seen the Gentiles receive the Word of God and receive the Holy Spirit. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/12/24.md b/act/12/24.md index 9bbecdcb1..6d5b11208 100644 --- a/act/12/24.md +++ b/act/12/24.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# General Information: +# Connecting Statement: -This is information that gives an update on the spread of the word of God and on what Barnabas and Saul were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) +Verse 24 continues the history from verse 23. Verse 25 continues the history from 11:30. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]]) # the word of God increased and multiplied diff --git a/act/12/intro.md b/act/12/intro.md index 342b6c58f..2a451f0c6 100644 --- a/act/12/intro.md +++ b/act/12/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### ##### "This is the voice of a god, not of a man!" ##### -Acts 12:20-22 can appear out-of-place in this chapter. It serves as a kind of interlude, interrupting the flow of events. It is included here to explain that this powerful man, who people claimed to be God, was not God and was immediately punished for these false claims. When the apostles claimed Jesus was God, they were affirmed by signs from heaven. + +Chapter 12 tells what happened to King Herod while Barnabas was bringing Saul back from Tarsus and they were delivering money from Antioch Jerusalem (11:25-30). He killed many of the leaders of the church, and he put Peter in prison. After God helped Peter escape the prison, Herod killed the prison guards, and then God killed Herod. In the last verse of the chapter, Luke tells how Barnabas and Saul return to Antioch. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Personification ##### -The "word of God" is personified as growing and multiplying. This is common in Scripture because the word is always used with the imagery of being alive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) + +The "word of God" is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could grow and become many. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/13/intro.md b/act/13/intro.md index 0470e2244..bc0e3dd92 100644 --- a/act/13/intro.md +++ b/act/13/intro.md @@ -6,17 +6,13 @@ Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 13:41. -The chapter marks the beginning of the second half of Acts which focuses on Paul instead of Peter. The church's ministry shifts its focus from the Jewish people to the Gentiles. Peter was the apostle ministering to the Jews, while Paul was the apostle who was responsible for the ministry to the Gentiles. +The chapter is where the second half of the Book of Acts begins. Luke writes more about Paul than about Peter, and it describes how it is the Gentiles and not the Jews to whom the believers tell the message about Jesus. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "A light for the Gentiles" ##### -Light is a common image used in Scripture. The Jews were supposed to reveal the true God, Yahweh, to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]]) +##### A light for the Gentiles ##### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### Old Testament history ##### -A major part of this chapter involves recalling the history of the people of Israel. It will be difficult to understand and translate if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Paul seems to focus on Jesus being the Messiah, and the promised descendant of David. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. The Jews considered all Gentiles as walking in darkness, but Paul and Barnabas spoke of telling the Gentiles about Jesus as if they were going to bring them physical light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/14/07.md b/act/14/07.md index 4a494a4b9..6fccff140 100644 --- a/act/14/07.md +++ b/act/14/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# there they were proclaiming the gospel +# region, where they continued to proclaim the good news -"Paul and Barnabas also preached the gospel there" +"region, where Paul and Barnabas continued to proclaim the good news" or "region. Paul and Barnabas continued to proclaim the good news there" diff --git a/act/14/22.md b/act/14/22.md index fcbc8ef59..95685a1e7 100644 --- a/act/14/22.md +++ b/act/14/22.md @@ -6,3 +6,11 @@ Here "souls" refers to the disciples. This emphasizes their inner thoughts and b "encouraging the believers to keep trusting in Jesus" +# saying, "We must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings." + +Some version translate this as an indirect quote, "saying that we must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings." The word "we" here includes Luke and the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + +# We must enter + +Paul includes his hearers, so the word "we" is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + diff --git a/act/14/intro.md b/act/14/intro.md index 5ec4bd23e..c0ea22bbc 100644 --- a/act/14/intro.md +++ b/act/14/intro.md @@ -3,16 +3,18 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "The message of his grace" ##### -The gospel message is one centered upon the grace of God. It is this message: God will show grace and mercy to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +The message of Jesus is the message that God will show grace to those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ##### Zeus and Hermes ##### -The Gentiles in the ancient Near East worshiped many different false gods. They are contrasted with the "living God," Yahweh, because they have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) +The Gentiles in the Roman Empire worshiped many different false gods who do not really exist. Paul and Barnabas told them to believe in the "living God," Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "It is through many sufferings that we must enter into the kingdom of God" ##### -Suffering itself cannot lead to salvation. Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage. Some believe that suffering accompanies salvation and one should equate the phrase "entering the kingdom of God" with eternal life. Others do not wish to equate these terms, and see that suffering earns a person rewards in the future kingdom of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) +##### "We must enter into the kingdom of God through many sufferings." ##### + +Jesus told his followers before he died that everyone who followed him would suffer persecution. Paul is saying the same thing using different words. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/15/06.md b/act/15/06.md index eba96cebd..ee8cdbb1f 100644 --- a/act/15/06.md +++ b/act/15/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # to consider this matter -The church leaders decided to discuss whether or not Gentiles needed to be circumcised and obey the Law of Moses in order for God to save them from their sins. +The church leaders decided to discuss whether or not Gentiles needed to be circumcised and obey the law of Moses in order for God to save them from their sins. diff --git a/act/15/35.md b/act/15/35.md index 60e23f1e4..4c46cc956 100644 --- a/act/15/35.md +++ b/act/15/35.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# where they taught - -The word "they" here refers to Paul and Barnabas. - # the word of the Lord Here "word" stands for a message. AT: "the message about the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/act/15/intro.md b/act/15/intro.md index 533cdd723..a76f40a01 100644 --- a/act/15/intro.md +++ b/act/15/intro.md @@ -4,18 +4,21 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 15:16-17. -The events of this chapter are commonly called the "Jerusalem Council." This was a time when many church leaders got together to discuss the relationship between the Gentiles and the law of Moses. The council affirmed that Gentiles did not need to follow the law. In fact, no one within the church should follow this law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +The meeting that Luke describes in this chapter is commonly called the "Jerusalem Council." This was a time when many church leaders got together to decide if believers needed to obey the whole law of Moses. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Brothers ##### -Brothers is now being used to reference fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews. -##### "You cannot be saved" ##### -This is obviously a false idea. Even during the Old Testament times, a person was saved by their faith and not by their obedience to the law of Moses. Paul and Barnabas went to Jerusalem to discuss this issue so that the church could have unity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +In this chapter Luke begins to use the word "brothers" to refer to fellow Christians instead of fellow Jews. -##### "Turn away from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" ##### -It is possible that these actions were necessary for harmony between the Jews and Gentiles. +##### Obeying the law of Moses ##### + +Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was a law that would always exist. But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do. + +##### "Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" ##### + +It is possible that the church leaders decided on these laws so that Jews and Gentiles could not only live together but eat the same foods together. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/16/intro.md b/act/16/intro.md index b36f42391..c2160b900 100644 --- a/act/16/intro.md +++ b/act/16/intro.md @@ -2,11 +2,13 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### They "circumcised him" ##### -This was not done in an attempt to follow the law of Moses, but was done because he was ministering in a Jewish context. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +##### Timothy's circumcision ##### -##### Divination and Fortunetelling ##### -These action were against the law of Moses and were considered to be sinful. This is probably one of the reasons why Paul rebuked this woman, even though she was telling the truth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Paul circumcised Timothy because they were telling the message of Jesus to Jews and Gentiles. Paul wanted the Jews to know that he respected the law of Moses even though the church leaders in Jerusalem had decided that Christians did not need to be circumcised.. + +##### The woman who had a spirit of divination ##### + +Most people want very much to know the future, but the law of Moses said that speaking with the spirits of dead people to learn about the future is a sin. This woman seems to have been able to tell the future very well. She was a slave, and her masters made much money from her work. Paul wanted her to stop sinning, so he told the spirit to leave her. Luke does not say that she began to follow Jesus or tell us anything more about her. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/17/intro.md b/act/17/intro.md index 361140716..1add0e77f 100644 --- a/act/17/intro.md +++ b/act/17/intro.md @@ -2,18 +2,15 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Misunderstandings about the messiah ##### -It is recorded that Paul was "explaining that it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise again from the dead." There was a common misconception that the Messiah was to be a conquering king. This is true of Christ at his return, but the Scriptures also say that the messiah would be a suffering servant. Therefore, Paul explained to them the truth about the messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +##### Misunderstandings about the Messiah ##### -##### Athenian religion ##### +The Jews expected the Christ or Messiah to be a powerful king because the Old Testament says so many times. But it also says many times that the Messiah would suffer, and that was what Paul was telling the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) -The Athenians were said to be "religious," but they did not worship Yahweh. They worshiped many different false gods. Often, when they conquered different countries, they incorporated the gods worshiped in other nations into their collection of gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) +##### The religion of Athens ##### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +Paul said that the Athenians were "religious," but they did not worship Yahweh. They worshiped many different false gods. In the past they had conquered other peoples and begun to worship the gods of the people they had conquered. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) -##### Contextualization ##### - -This passage is famous in many cultures because Paul "contextualizes" the gospel for a non-Jewish audience. This means that Paul makes the gospel relatable or understandable to those with no understanding of the Jewish religious system, without really losing meaning or power. The translator may wish to take extra care in preserving aspects of this "contextualization" if possible. +In this chapter Luke describes for the first time how Paul told the message of Christ to people who knew nothing of the Old Testament. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/18/12.md b/act/18/12.md index f8efd426c..19361a7dd 100644 --- a/act/18/12.md +++ b/act/18/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. It was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +Achaia was the Roman province in which Corinth was located. Corinth was the largest city in southern Greece and the capital of the province. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/act/18/intro.md b/act/18/intro.md index 6e3a3feb8..20d584737 100644 --- a/act/18/intro.md +++ b/act/18/intro.md @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "(Apollos) knew only the baptism of John" ##### -Even after the death of Jesus, there remained some Jews who followed the teachings of John the Baptist, but who had not yet heard about Jesus. Apollos belongs to this group who was faithful to God through following John the Baptist, but who awaited the messiah whom they did not know had come. The baptism to which this passage refers is John's baptism of repentance. It is distinct from Christian baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +##### The baptism of John ##### + +Some Jews who lived far away from Jerusalem and Judea had heard of John the Baptist and followed his teachings. They had not yet heard about Jesus. One of these Jews was Apollos. He followed John the Baptist, but he did not know that the Messiah had come. John had baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins, but this baptism was different from Christian baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/19/intro.md b/act/19/intro.md index 12033ab05..869b5b1fb 100644 --- a/act/19/intro.md +++ b/act/19/intro.md @@ -1,21 +1,14 @@ # Acts 19 General Notes # -#### Structure and formatting #### - -##### "So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways" ##### -This is the major theme of this chapter and the book of Acts overall. - #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Receiving the Holy Spirit ##### - -Many scholars believe this events marks the time when the Spirit started to indwell people when they began to believe in Jesus. The Spirit did this in order to assure them and to guide them. Others believe this event gave them the ability to speak in tongues, in addition to indwelling them, but that it is an event that occurs after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) - ##### Baptism ##### -There are several baptisms mentioned in this chapter. The baptism of John was about repentance. Christian baptism is about identifying with Christ. The baptism of the Spirit is the same as "receiving the Spirit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +John baptized people to show that they were sorry for their sins. Jesus' followers baptized people who wanted to follow Jesus. ##### Temple of Diana ##### -The temple of Diana was important for the businesses of Ephesus. Many people came to this city to see this amazing temple and bought statues while they were there. The people's belief in Jesus caused problems for these people because of the affect it had on their businesses. + +The temple of Diana was an important place in the city of Ephesus. Many people came to Ephesus to see this temple, and they bought statues of the goddess Diana while they were there. The people who sold statues of Diana were afraid that if people did not believe Diana was a real goddess, they would stop giving the sellers money for statues. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/20/intro.md b/act/20/intro.md index 73ea91d2b..88d671107 100644 --- a/act/20/intro.md +++ b/act/20/intro.md @@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter functions as a way for Paul to say goodbye to the people of Ephesus. He gives them instructions, since they will never see him again. +In this chapter Luke describes Paul's last visits to believers in the provinces of Macedonia and Asia before he went to Jerusalem. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Race ##### -Paul uses the image of a "race" for the Christian life. This is not to say that the Christian life is about winning or coming in first place. Instead, it is a long race that requires discipline and perseverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) -##### The leading of the Holy Spirit ##### -Christians are to follow the leadership and guidance of the Holy Spirit in their lives. +Paul spoke of living for Jesus as if he were running in a race. By this he meant that he needed to keep working hard even when things were difficult and he wanted to quit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) + +##### "Compelled by the Spirit" ##### + +Paul thought that the Holy Spirit wanted him to go to Jerusalem even if Paul did not want to go there. The same Holy Spirit told other people that when Paul arrived in Jerusalem, people would try to harm him. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/21/14.md b/act/21/14.md index 6a94ed57f..11ef21e16 100644 --- a/act/21/14.md +++ b/act/21/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ -# did not wish to be persuaded +# Paul would not be persuaded -This can be stated in active form. AT: "did not want us to try to persuade him not to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Paul would not allow us to to persuade him" or "We were unable to persuade Paul" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# persuaded + +You may need to make explicit what they could not persuade Paul not to do. AT: "persuaded not to go up to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) # May the will of the Lord be done diff --git a/act/21/21.md b/act/21/21.md index 033f3ab2b..3ad267a66 100644 --- a/act/21/21.md +++ b/act/21/21.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # They have been told about you ... not to follow the old customs -Apparently here there are some Jews that are distorting what Paul is teaching. He does not discourage the Jews from obeying the Law of Moses. His message is that circumcision and the other customs are not necessary for Jesus to save them. You can make explicit that the leaders of the Jewish believers in Jerusalem knew that Paul was teaching God's true message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Apparently here there are some Jews that are distorting what Paul is teaching. He does not discourage the Jews from obeying the law of Moses. His message is that circumcision and the other customs are not necessary for Jesus to save them. You can make explicit that the leaders of the Jewish believers in Jerusalem knew that Paul was teaching God's true message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # They have been told diff --git a/act/21/intro.md b/act/21/intro.md index e789851c7..6a0d9e409 100644 --- a/act/21/intro.md +++ b/act/21/intro.md @@ -2,21 +2,26 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -It is important to recognize 21:20-26 is one long quote. The back and forth nature of this section can confuse readers. +Acts 21:1-19 describes Paul's journey to Jerusalem. After he arrived in Jerusalem, the believers there told him that the Jews wanted to harm him and what he should do so they would not harm him (verses 20-26). Even though Paul did what the believers told him to do, the Jews tried to kill him. The Romans rescued him and give him a chance to speak to the Jews. + +The last verse of the chapter ends with an incomplete sentence. Most translations leave the sentence incomplete, as the ULB does. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "They are all determined to keep the law" ##### -The Jews in Jerusalem wanted to still follow the law of Moses. Apparently, this desire or practice remained in Jerusalem longer than elsewhere. James was asking Paul for help in this matter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) + +The Jews in Jerusalem were following the law of Moses. Even those who were following Jesus still kept the law. Both groups thought that Paul had been telling Jews in Greece not to keep the law. But it was only the Gentiles to whom Paul was saying that. ##### Nazarite vow ##### -The vow made by the four men in this chapter was likely a Nazarite vow because they shaved their heads ([Acts 21:23](./22.md)). +The vow that Paul and his three friends made was probably a Nazarite vow, because they shaved their heads ([Acts 21:23](./22.md)). ##### Gentiles in the temple ##### -Gentiles were only allowed in the outermost part of the temple area. The Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into an area where Gentiles were not permitted. To the Jews, this would have violated the holiness of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) -##### "I am a citizen" ##### -Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. +The Jews accused Paul of bringing a Gentile man into a part of the temple into which God only allowed Jews to go. They thought that God wanted them to punish Paul by killing him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) + +##### Roman citizenship ##### + +The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/22/intro.md b/act/22/intro.md index 10f23ff17..9e1223899 100644 --- a/act/22/intro.md +++ b/act/22/intro.md @@ -7,21 +7,16 @@ This is the second account of Paul's conversion in the book of Acts. Because thi #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "In the Hebrew language" ##### -The Hebrew language was not commonly spoken in Israel at this time. People would have spoken Aramaic and Greek. Typically, it was the educated Jewish scholars who were able to speak Hebrew. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew. + +Most Jews at this time spoke Aramaic and Greek. Most of the people who spoke Hebrew were educated Jewish scholars. This is why the people paid attention when Paul started speaking in Hebrew. ##### "The Way" ##### -This was a name given to the faith of the very early Christian believers. - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### "I am Jesus" ##### - -The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +No one knows for sure who first started calling believers followers of the Way. This is probably what the believers called themselves, because the Bible often speaks of a person living his life as if that person were walking on a path or "way," If this is true, the believers were "following the way of the Lord" by living in a way that pleased God. ##### Roman citizenship ##### -Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. This "chief captain" could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. +The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The "chief captain" could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/23/intro.md b/act/23/intro.md index 6e388b24d..e57e4c8cb 100644 --- a/act/23/intro.md +++ b/act/23/intro.md @@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "Whitewashed" ##### -This is a common metaphor in Scripture for those who appear righteous but are not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) - ##### Resurrection of the dead ##### -The Pharisees believed that, after death, people would be risen from the dead for punishment or reward. The Sadducees did not share this belief. They only trusted in the physical world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +The Pharisees believed that after people died, they would become alive again and God would either reward them or punish them. The Sadducees believed that once people died, they stayed dead and would never become alive again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) ##### "Called a curse" ##### -Some Jews made a promise to God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and asked God to curse them if they did not follow their promise. This is not something that would have pleased God, and they were clearly wrong for doing this. It is ironic that they used a holy vow in such an unholy way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +Some Jews promised God that they would not eat or drink until they killed Paul, and they asked God to punish them if they did not do what they had promised to do. ##### Roman citizenship ##### -Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. This "chief captain" could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. +The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. The "chief captain" could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way he would treat a non-citizen. + +#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### + +##### Whitewash ##### + +This is a common metaphor in Scripture for appearing to be good or clean or righteous when one is evil or unclean or unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/24/intro.md b/act/24/intro.md index 24e3d918d..b8dce0015 100644 --- a/act/24/intro.md +++ b/act/24/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter functions as a type of legal defense of Paul's actions. He lays out the facts and refutes the charges brought against him. +Paul told the governor that he had not done what the Jews were accusing him of doing and that the governor should not punish him for what he did do. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Respect ##### -The Jewish leaders showed great respect to the Gentile leaders but show no respect to Paul, a Jewish leader. + +Both the Jewish leaders ([Acts 24:2-4](./01.md)) and Paul ([Acts 24:10](./10.md)) began their speeches with words that show respect to the governor. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Governmental leaders ##### -This narrative contains many different government officials with different levels of power or influence over the charges brought against Paul. Translating the various titles will be difficult to correspond to the translator's cultural background. -##### Implicit information ##### -The statement, "Go away for the present, but when I have time again, I will call you" implies the governor was too busy to make a decision about the case against Paul. The reader should understand that this is a weak excuse. The author explains that the governor hoped Paul was wealthy and could bribe his way out of prison. It took the governor two years to decide the outcome of the charges against Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The words "governor," "commander," and "centurion" may be difficult to translate into some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/25/intro.md b/act/25/intro.md index 7919e4e0b..2b4a7c24c 100644 --- a/act/25/intro.md +++ b/act/25/intro.md @@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Favor ##### -It was highly unusual for the Jewish leaders to try to get a favor from the Roman officials. They often viewed the Gentile leaders as evil. The governor, though, wanted peace with the Jews, so he sought to gain favor with the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +This word is used in two different ways in this chapter. When the Jewish leaders asked Festus for a favor, they were asking him to do something special for them on that day. They wanted him to do for them something that he would not usually do. When Festus "wanted to gain the favor of the Jews," he wanted them to like him and be willing to obey him in the months and years to come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) ##### Roman citizenship ##### -Men who had Roman citizenship were given many privileges. For example, they could appeal to Caesar if they were accused of a crime. Having Roman citizenship was very valuable and people would go to great lengths to attain citizenship. Roman officials could have gotten into trouble for treating a Roman citizen in this way. +The Romans thought that they needed to treat only Roman citizens justly. They could do as they desired with people who were not Roman citizens, but they had to obey the law with other Romans. Some people were born Roman citizens, and others gave money to the Roman government so they could become Roman citizens. Roman officials could have been punished for treating a Roman citizen the same way they would treat a non-citizen. + ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/26/intro.md b/act/26/intro.md index d93026350..721aabb16 100644 --- a/act/26/intro.md +++ b/act/26/intro.md @@ -4,19 +4,16 @@ This is the third account of Paul's conversion in the book of Acts. Because this is such an important event in the early church, there are three accounts of Paul's conversion. (See: [Acts 9](../09/01.md) and [Acts 22](../22/01.md)) -This chapter functions as a type of legal defense of Paul's actions. He lays out the facts and refutes the charges brought against him. +Paul told the King Agrippa why he had done what he had done and that the governor should not punish him for that. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Light and Darkness ##### -These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +##### Light and darkness ##### + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "I am Jesus" ##### - -The text does not make it explicitly clear, but this is Jesus in physical form, after he was raised from the dead. He was only visible to Saul. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - ## Links: ## * __[Acts 26:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/act/27/intro.md b/act/27/intro.md index 9250e1677..ae4eb077f 100644 --- a/act/27/intro.md +++ b/act/27/intro.md @@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Sailing ##### -In the ancient Near East, people traveled by boat powered by the wind. During different seasons, it was impossible to travel because the seas were too rough or the wind was blowing in the wrong direction. + +People who lived near the sea traveled by boat powered by the wind. During some months of the year, the wind would blow in the wrong direction or so hard that sailing was impossible. ##### Trust ##### -This chapter involves the concept of trust. Paul's trust of God was very great. In turn, he told the sailers and soldiers to trust that God would preserve them along with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) -##### Bread ##### -The author uses the imagery of bread in this chapter. Bread's significance can be traced back to the daily provision God provided to Israel in the desert for 40 years and the events of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) +Paul trusted God to bring him safely to land. He told the sailers and soldiers to trust that God would also keep them alive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) + +##### Paul breaks bread ##### + +Luke uses almost the same words here to describe Paul taking bread, thanking God, breaking it, and eating it that he used to describe the last supper Jesus ate with his disciples. However, your translation should not make your reader think that Paul was leading a religious celebration here. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/28/intro.md b/act/28/intro.md index ad80d2aa1..f7255ecef 100644 --- a/act/28/intro.md +++ b/act/28/intro.md @@ -2,24 +2,21 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter forms a rather abrupt ending to this historical book because it does not record the deaths of Peter, or Paul, or the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. Many scholars believe this chapter forms an ellipsis, which implies that the church is responsible for continuing the story. Other scholars believe it ends this way because Luke died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 28:26-27. - -After extensive details of the events of Paul's life, this story glosses over two years in Rome without discussing what happened during this time. It is unknown why this is the case, but apparently the church did not need to learn anything from this time. - -##### "You should know that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen" ##### -This statement indicates that the Gentiles will become the focus of the plans of God in this world until a time when he will once again bring Israel back to him. From this time on, the church will be increasingly composed of Gentile Christians. +No one knows for sure why Luke ends his history without telling what happened to Paul after he had been in Rome for two years. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "Letters" ##### -The letters mentioned would have been legal papers which authorized the persecution and imprisonment of the Christians. The translator's culture may have different terms for "legal papers" or "legally binding papers," which could be useful in translation. +##### "Letters" and "brothers" ##### + +The Jewish leaders were surprised that Paul wanted to speak with them, because they had received no letters from the high priest in Jerusalem telling them that Paul was coming. + +When the Jewish leaders spoke of "brothers," they were referring to fellow Jews, not to Christians. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "He was a god" ##### -Just because the people believed this to be, it does not mean it was true or that Paul did not correct them for this. + +The native people believed that Paul was a god, but they did not believe that he was the one true God. We do not know why Paul did not tell the native people that he was not a god. ## Links: ## diff --git a/act/front/intro.md b/act/front/intro.md index fff9dd54e..7b278c182 100644 --- a/act/front/intro.md +++ b/act/front/intro.md @@ -40,10 +40,16 @@ The Church is the group of people who believe in Christ. The Church includes bot These are the most significant textual issues in Acts: -* "Philip said, 'If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.' The Ethiopian answered, 'I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God'" (Acts 8:37). Some older versions include this verse, but it is not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verse in square brackets ([]). The ULB has it in a footnote. -* "They returned from Jerusalem" (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, "They returned to Jerusalem (or to there)." It is uncertain what was in the original text. -* "he put up with them" (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, "he cared for them." It is uncertain which reading is original. So, translators must choose. The ULB and UDB have chosen the first reading. +The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible, but they are not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verses in square brackets ([]). The ULB and UDB put them in a footnote. + +* "Philip said, 'If you believe with all your heart, you may be baptized.' The Ethiopian answered, 'I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God'" (Acts 8:37). +* "But it seemed good to Silas to remain there." (Acts 15:34) +* "And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lysias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you." (Acts 24:6b-8a) +* "When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves." (Acts 28:29) + +In the following verses, it is uncertain what the original text said. Translators will need to choose which reading to translate. The ULB has the first readings but include the second readings in footnotes. +* "They returned from Jerusalem" (Acts 12:25). Some versions read, "They returned to Jerusalem (or to there)." +* "he put up with them" (Acts 13:18). Some versions read, "he cared for them." * "This is what the Lord says, who has done these things that have been known from ancient times." (Acts 15:17-18). Some older versions read, "This is what the Lord says, to whom are known all his deeds from ancient times." -* "But it seemed good to Silas to remain there." (Acts 15:34) Some older versions include this verse, but it is not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern version put the verse in square brackets ([]). The ULB and UDB put it in a footnote. -* "And we wanted to judge him according to our law. But Lysias, the officer, came and forcibly took him out of our hands, sending him to you." (Acts 24:6b-8a) Some older versions include this verse, but it is not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verse in square brackets ([]). The ULB and UDB put it in a footnote. -* "When he had said these things, the Jews departed, having a great dispute among themselves." (Acts 28:29) Some older versions include this verse, but it is not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Some modern versions put the verse in square brackets ([]). The ULB and UDB put it in a footnote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/act/span.md b/act/span.md index 38b69e624..0f7720bb0 100644 --- a/act/span.md +++ b/act/span.md @@ -1,69 +1,69 @@ -Old version of [act\01\06.md](../../v11/act/01/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../act/01/06.md) -* [Verse: 8](../act/01/08.md) +Old version of [zep\01\06.md](../../v11/zep/01/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/01/08.md) -Old version of [act\01\21.md](../../v11/act/01/21.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../act/01/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../act/01/22.md) +Old version of [zep\01\21.md](../../v11/zep/01/21.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/01/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/01/22.md) -Old version of [act\02\08.md](../../v11/act/02/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../act/02/09.md) -* [Verse: 11](../act/02/11.md) +Old version of [zep\02\08.md](../../v11/zep/02/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/02/09.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/02/11.md) -Old version of [act\05\19.md](../../v11/act/05/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../act/05/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../act/05/21.md) +Old version of [zep\05\19.md](../../v11/zep/05/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/05/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/05/21.md) -Old version of [act\07\11.md](../../v11/act/07/11.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../act/07/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../act/07/13.md) +Old version of [zep\07\11.md](../../v11/zep/07/11.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/07/11.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/07/13.md) -Old version of [act\07\31.md](../../v11/act/07/31.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../act/07/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../act/07/32.md) +Old version of [zep\07\31.md](../../v11/zep/07/31.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/07/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/07/32.md) -Old version of [act\10\36.md](../../v11/act/10/36.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 36](../act/10/36.md) -* [Verse: 38](../act/10/38.md) +Old version of [zep\10\36.md](../../v11/zep/10/36.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 36](../zep/10/36.md) +* [Verse: 38](../zep/10/38.md) -Old version of [act\11\25.md](../../v11/act/11/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../act/11/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../act/11/26.md) +Old version of [zep\11\25.md](../../v11/zep/11/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/11/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/11/26.md) -Old version of [act\13\32.md](../../v11/act/13/32.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../act/13/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../act/13/33.md) +Old version of [zep\13\32.md](../../v11/zep/13/32.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 32](../zep/13/32.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/13/33.md) -Old version of [act\18\07.md](../../v11/act/18/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../act/18/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../act/18/08.md) +Old version of [zep\18\07.md](../../v11/zep/18/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/18/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/18/08.md) -Old version of [act\20\04.md](../../v11/act/20/04.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../act/20/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../act/20/05.md) +Old version of [zep\20\04.md](../../v11/zep/20/04.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/20/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/20/05.md) -Old version of [act\21\37.md](../../v11/act/21/37.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../act/21/37.md) -* [Verse: 38](../act/21/38.md) +Old version of [zep\21\37.md](../../v11/zep/21/37.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 37](../zep/21/37.md) +* [Verse: 38](../zep/21/38.md) -Old version of [act\23\18.md](../../v11/act/23/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../act/23/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../act/23/19.md) +Old version of [zep\23\18.md](../../v11/zep/23/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/23/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/23/19.md) -Old version of [act\23\34.md](../../v11/act/23/34.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../act/23/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../act/23/35.md) +Old version of [zep\23\34.md](../../v11/zep/23/34.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/23/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/23/35.md) -Old version of [act\25\01.md](../../v11/act/25/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../act/25/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../act/25/03.md) +Old version of [zep\25\01.md](../../v11/zep/25/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/25/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/25/03.md) -Old version of [act\26\06.md](../../v11/act/26/06.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../act/26/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../act/26/07.md) +Old version of [zep\26\06.md](../../v11/zep/26/06.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/26/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/26/07.md) -Old version of [act\28\25.md](../../v11/act/28/25.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../act/28/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../act/28/26.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\28\25.md](../../v11/zep/28/25.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/28/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/28/26.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/amo/02/07.md b/amo/02/07.md index 5c37d3294..d32240ba0 100644 --- a/amo/02/07.md +++ b/amo/02/07.md @@ -26,3 +26,7 @@ This idiom means they refused to listen when the oppressed people said they were This refers to oppressed people in general. AT: "oppressed people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +# go in to the same girl + +This is a euphemism. AT: "hav sexual relations with the same girl" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/amo/09/intro.md b/amo/09/intro.md index f87b6083d..4d19a1ba5 100644 --- a/amo/09/intro.md +++ b/amo/09/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter is written in poetic form and continues to show the awesome and terrible judgment of Yahweh on his people. In verse 11, the writer writes about the forgiveness and mercy of God on the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) +This chapter is written in poetic form and continues to show the awesome and terrible judgment of Yahweh on his people. In verse 11, the writer writes about the forgiveness and mercy of God on the kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/amo/front/intro.md b/amo/front/intro.md index d4a4b5b08..3a62f7968 100644 --- a/amo/front/intro.md +++ b/amo/front/intro.md @@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ The name "Israel" is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was a son o #### Where do the various narratives begin and end? #### -The structure of the Book of Amos may make it difficult to understand where Amos ends one thought and begins another. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs. \ No newline at end of file +The structure of the Book of Amos may make it difficult to understand where Amos ends one thought and begins another. It may be helpful to solve these issues with carefully divided lines or paragraphs. diff --git a/amo/span.md b/amo/span.md index e3f3bb850..c58f73237 100644 --- a/amo/span.md +++ b/amo/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [amo\04\04.md](../../v11/amo/04/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../amo/04/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../amo/04/05.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\04\04.md](../../v11/zep/04/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/04/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/04/05.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/col/01/intro.md b/col/01/intro.md index afa3560f1..e71084b79 100644 --- a/col/01/intro.md +++ b/col/01/intro.md @@ -2,26 +2,26 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -As in a typical letter, this chapter begins (1:1-3) with a formal introduction to the Christians in Colossae. +As in a typical letter, Paul begins his letter in verses 1-2 by introducing Timothy and himself to the Christians in Colossae. -A large part of this chapter revolves around two basic ideas: who Christ is, and what Christ has accomplished for the Christian. +Paul writes much of this chapter around two subjects: who Christ is, and what Christ has done for the Christian. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Mystery ##### +##### Secret truth ##### -Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown, but has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) +Paul refers to a "secret truth" in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Images for christian living ##### -There are many different images used to describe christian living. In this chapter, two popular images are used by Paul. These are "walking" and "bearing fruit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]]) +##### Images for Christian living ##### +Paul uses many different images to describe Christian living. In this chapter, he uses the images of "walking" and "bearing fruit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. A paradox occurs in 1:24: "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you." Most people do not think that they will rejoice in suffering. But in 1:25-29 Paul explains why his suffering is good. ([Colossians 1:24](./24.md)) +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Verse 24 is a paradox: "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you." People do not usually rejoice when they suffer. But in verses 25-29 Paul explains why his suffering is good. ([Colossians 1:24](./24.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/col/02/17.md b/col/02/17.md index 935253d3b..437838615 100644 --- a/col/02/17.md +++ b/col/02/17.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# a shadow of the things to come +# These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance is Christ -A shadow gives only a vague idea of the shape and nature of an object. In a similar way, religious traditions such as the law of Moses can only partially show the reality of Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# the substance - -Here this means "the reality," the thing that casts the "shadow." +A shadow shows the shape of an object, but it is not the object itself. In a similar way, the festivals, celebrations, and Sabbath show us something about how God would save people, but those things do not save people. The savior is Christ. AT: "These are like a shadow of what would happen, but the reality is Christ" or "These are like a shadow of the savior who would come, but the savior is Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/col/02/intro.md b/col/02/intro.md index 935c531b4..7ee20a623 100644 --- a/col/02/intro.md +++ b/col/02/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Worldliness ##### -Although believers must live in the world, Paul urges the Christians in Colossae not to live "worldly" lives. By this he means not to live as the non-Christians do. +##### Circumcision and baptism ##### +In verses 11-12, Paul uses both the old covenant sign of circumcision and the new covenant sign of baptism to picture how Christians are united with Christ and freed from sin. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Flesh ##### -This is a complex issue and it is possible "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. Paul is teaching that, while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. Flesh is also used in this chapter to refer to the material part of man in general. +This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that the physical part of man is sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that, while Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. Paul also uses "flesh" in this chapter to refer to the physical body. ##### Implicit information ##### -There are several issues mentioned in this chapter that share implicit information about the context of the church in Colossae. It is best to allow uncertainty to remain in the text over the specifics of the situations referenced. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul mentions several issues in this chapter that imply information about the context of the church in Colossae. It is best to allow the text to remain uncertain over the actual details. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/col/03/intro.md b/col/03/intro.md index 08bf63223..93221ba26 100644 --- a/col/03/intro.md +++ b/col/03/intro.md @@ -7,16 +7,16 @@ The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Old and new self ##### -The old and new self are concepts equivalent to the old/new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) - -##### Character ##### -Many of the qualities Paul encourages his readers to pursue (or avoid) are not actions themselves as much as they are character qualities. Because of this, they may present difficulties in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The "new man" is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "That which is above" ##### +##### Character ##### +Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) -God is often pictured as being located above. When Paul says here to seek the things above or to think about what is above, he is implying Christians should seek to please God with their actions. +##### "The things above" ##### + +Where God dwells is often pictured as being located "above." Paul says to "seek the things above" and to "think about the things above." He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things. ## Links: ## diff --git a/col/04/intro.md b/col/04/intro.md index e8b829044..b104176df 100644 --- a/col/04/intro.md +++ b/col/04/intro.md @@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -It appears [Colossians 4:1](./01.md) belongs with the material of chapter 3 instead of chapter 4. +[Colossians 4:1](./01.md) appears to belong with the topics of Chapter 3 instead of Chapter 4. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "In my own hand" ##### -It was common in the ancient Near East to have someone physically write a letter while the author spoke. This is a common practice with the letters of the New Testament. Paul thought that this chapter was so important, he physically wrote it himself. +It was common in the ancient Near East for the author to speak and someone else to write down the words. Many of the New Testament letters were written this way. Paul wrote the final greeting himself. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Mystery ##### +##### Secret truth ##### -Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown, but has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) +Paul refers to a "secret truth" in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/col/front/intro.md b/col/front/intro.md index 2660cba17..de72fbb5c 100644 --- a/col/front/intro.md +++ b/col/front/intro.md @@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Colossians: +For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "May grace be to you, and peace from God our Father" (1:2). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." -* "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf" (1:7). Many versions, including the ULB and UDB, read this way. However, other versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. -* "the Father, who has made you able to have a share in the inheritance of the believers in light" (1:12). The ULB and UDB read this way. However, some other versions read, "the Father, who has qualified us for a share in the inheritance in light." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. -* "In his Son we have redemption." (1:14) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "In his Son we have redemption through his blood." -* "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions have this reading. Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses." -* "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "When Christ appears, who is our life." -* "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience." (3:6) The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. However, other modern versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming." If other versions exist in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. -* "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us." (4:8) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you." +* "May grace be to you, and peace from God our Father" (1:2). Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." +* "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf" (1:7). Some older versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you." +* "the Father, who has made you able to have a share in the inheritance of the believers in light" (1:12). Some older versions read, "the Father, who has qualified us for a share in the inheritance in light." +* "In his Son we have redemption" (1:14). Some older versions read, "In his Son we have redemption through his blood." +* "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses." +* "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). Some older versions read, "When Christ appears, who is our life." +* "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience" (3:6). The ULB, UDB, and many other modern versions read this way. However, some modern and older versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming." +* "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us" (4:8). Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/col/span.md b/col/span.md index 55f652ddf..b592051a7 100644 --- a/col/span.md +++ b/col/span.md @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ -Old version of [col\01\07.md](../../v11/col/01/07.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../col/01/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../col/01/08.md) +Old version of [zep\01\07.md](../../v11/zep/01/07.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/01/08.md) -Old version of [col\01\09.md](../../v11/col/01/09.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../col/01/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../col/01/10.md) +Old version of [zep\01\09.md](../../v11/zep/01/09.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/01/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) -Old version of [col\02\20.md](../../v11/col/02/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../col/02/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../col/02/21.md) +Old version of [zep\02\20.md](../../v11/zep/02/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/02/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/02/21.md) -Old version of [col\03\09.md](../../v11/col/03/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../col/03/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../col/03/10.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\03\09.md](../../v11/zep/03/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/03/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/03/10.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dan/09/intro.md b/dan/09/intro.md index 1e8549ea0..0cb603f72 100644 --- a/dan/09/intro.md +++ b/dan/09/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Daniel told the future ##### -Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) +Gabriel told Daniel a prophecy that Jerusalem would be rebuilt. Then later an anointed person would be killed and the worship at the temple stopped. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) ##### The unusual expression of numbers in 9:24-26 ##### diff --git a/dan/front/intro.md b/dan/front/intro.md index 38d89cc6e..7dce23993 100644 --- a/dan/front/intro.md +++ b/dan/front/intro.md @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ #### What is the Book of Daniel about? #### -The first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land and serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful. +The first part of the Book of Daniel (chapters 1–6) is a narrative about Daniel and his friends. They were young men from Jerusalem who were taken to Babylon as prisoners. These chapters tell how they were faithful to Yahweh while living in a pagan land serving a pagan king. And it tells how God rewarded them because they were faithful. The rest of the Book of Daniel is a series of prophetic visions. Chapters 7 and 8 deal with images representing the kingdoms and kings of the major nations. Chapters 9–11 are prophecies and visions about wars and a type of the great enemy of God appearing. Chapter 12 is a vision that describes end times. @@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ Many kings are in the Book of Daniel, but not all of the kings ruled over all of #### How many chapters does Daniel have? #### -Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called "Bel and the Dragon" and "The Prayer of Azariah." However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them. \ No newline at end of file +Daniel has twelve chapters. Some Bible versions include stories called "Bel and the Dragon" and "The Prayer of Azariah." However, few people think that these stories have the same authority as the rest of scripture. Therefore, there is no need to translate them. diff --git a/dan/span.md b/dan/span.md index cb07a5f16..9195aba16 100644 --- a/dan/span.md +++ b/dan/span.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ -Old version of [dan\01\01.md](../../v11/dan/01/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../dan/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../dan/01/02.md) +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) -Old version of [dan\01\14.md](../../v11/dan/01/14.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../dan/01/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../dan/01/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../dan/01/16.md) +Old version of [zep\01\14.md](../../v11/zep/01/14.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/01/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/01/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/01/16.md) -Old version of [dan\04\15.md](../../v11/dan/04/15.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../dan/04/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../dan/04/16.md) +Old version of [zep\04\15.md](../../v11/zep/04/15.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/04/16.md) -Old version of [dan\07\23.md](../../v11/dan/07/23.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../dan/07/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../dan/07/24.md) +Old version of [zep\07\23.md](../../v11/zep/07/23.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 23](../zep/07/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/07/24.md) -Old version of [dan\09\24.md](../../v11/dan/09/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../dan/09/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../dan/09/25.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\09\24.md](../../v11/zep/09/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/09/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/09/25.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/deu/02/intro.md b/deu/02/intro.md index d939066a2..8fe53735d 100644 --- a/deu/02/intro.md +++ b/deu/02/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Covenant faithfulness ##### -Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +Yahweh is faithful to the covenant he made with Abraham. He is also faithful to the promises he made with Esau and Lot. Because of this, Israel was given specific land it was able to conquer in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/05/16.md b/deu/05/16.md index 1a700da60..fd0576448 100644 --- a/deu/05/16.md +++ b/deu/05/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man, so all instances of "you" and "your" are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/honor]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/command]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] diff --git a/deu/05/22.md b/deu/05/22.md index 2d78723e9..28df94046 100644 --- a/deu/05/22.md +++ b/deu/05/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: Moses continues to remind the people of Israel what Yahweh said. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/word]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/voice]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/assembly]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] diff --git a/deu/05/intro.md b/deu/05/intro.md index 9a785109f..47e979817 100644 --- a/deu/05/intro.md +++ b/deu/05/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This chapter repeats the material of Exodus 20. It is known as the Ten Commandme #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors and idioms ##### -Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Moses uses metaphors and idioms to instruct the people to follow the law of Moses. This is because it is very important to follow these laws. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/06/intro.md b/deu/06/intro.md index bd2384e52..919d0b467 100644 --- a/deu/06/intro.md +++ b/deu/06/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Yahweh's continued blessing of the people of Israel is dependent upon the people #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land and the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) +There are many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors describe the greatness of the Promised Land the wholehearted worship that is completely dedicated to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/07/01.md b/deu/07/01.md index 98972eb67..1f214d942 100644 --- a/deu/07/01.md +++ b/deu/07/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,17 @@ # General Information: Moses continues to tell the people of Israel Yahweh's words as if the Israelites are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/possess]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/castout]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/nation]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/hittite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/girgashites]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/amorite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/canaan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/perizzite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/hivite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jebusites]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mighty]] diff --git a/deu/08/11.md b/deu/08/11.md index ddea8cd80..9d0227aa7 100644 --- a/deu/08/11.md +++ b/deu/08/11.md @@ -2,7 +2,3 @@ Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -# do not neglect his commandments - -"do not stop obeying his commandments" or "continue to obey his commandments" - diff --git a/deu/09/06.md b/deu/09/06.md index 9d0227aa7..5b54ebdbc 100644 --- a/deu/09/06.md +++ b/deu/09/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Moses continues to speak to the Israelites as if they are one person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/know]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/possess]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/stiffnecked]] diff --git a/deu/13/intro.md b/deu/13/intro.md index 619b708e4..9df53a17e 100644 --- a/deu/13/intro.md +++ b/deu/13/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Worshiping other gods ##### -The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]]) +The people were required to listen to Yahweh's prophets unless they were encouraging the people to worship other gods. The punishment for anyone leading the people to worship other gods was death. These instructions were to keep Israel's worship of Yahweh pure. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/17/10.md b/deu/17/10.md index 6c6276329..e69de29bb 100644 --- a/deu/17/10.md +++ b/deu/17/10.md @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# You must follow the law given to you - -A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - diff --git a/deu/17/11.md b/deu/17/11.md index 7eaee9907..417e9e5b1 100644 --- a/deu/17/11.md +++ b/deu/17/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Follow the law they teach you + +A person obeying what the priests and judge decide is spoken of as if the person were physically following behind the law. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must obey what the judge and priests decide about the matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + # Do not turn aside from what they tell you, to the right hand or to the left A person not doing exactly what the judge and priests say is spoken of as if he were turning off the correct path. This can be stated in positive form. AT: "Do not disobey anything they tell you" or "Do everything they say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/deu/17/intro.md b/deu/17/intro.md index 99cb5d96b..77532d52a 100644 --- a/deu/17/intro.md +++ b/deu/17/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ In the ancient Near East, it was common for a person to be punished by the testimony of a single person, especially if this was an important person. The rules in this chapter give protection to people, especially the poor by requiring multiple witnesses. This allowed justice to be done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ##### King ##### -Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Israel was not to have a king because Yahweh was their king. Knowing the sinfulness of the people, Yahweh anticipated that one day Israel would have a king. Therefore, this passage gives commands about their king prophetically. They were not allowed to collect chariots because they were a sign of earthly power and the king was to trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/18/intro.md b/deu/18/intro.md index 7ada9921f..0c8d42982 100644 --- a/deu/18/intro.md +++ b/deu/18/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Levites ##### -As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) +As Yahweh's chosen priests, the priest were to trust in Yahweh to provide for them. He provided for them through the rest of the Israelites. Yahweh was their inheritance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) ##### Messiah ##### -This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +This chapter is one of the first prophecies about the promised, coming Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/19/04.md b/deu/19/04.md index d6e2a4b95..d3bf91db4 100644 --- a/deu/19/04.md +++ b/deu/19/04.md @@ -1,20 +1,20 @@ -# This is the law +# This is the instruction "These are the instructions" or "These are the directions" -# for the one who kills another +# concerning the one who kills another The word "person" is understood. AT: "for a person who kills another person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -# who flees there +# and flees from there "and who escapes to one of these cities" or "who runs to one of these cities" -# anyone who kills his neighbor unintentionally +# the one who unintentionally kills his neighbor Here "neighbor" means any person in general. AT: "any person who kills another person by accident" -# and did not previously hate him +# without hating him at the time of the accident "but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him." This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/deu/20/intro.md b/deu/20/intro.md index 7ef5b41b7..3f780d404 100644 --- a/deu/20/intro.md +++ b/deu/20/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Israel was not to worry about the power and strength of other nations. Instead, they were to trust in the power of Yahweh. He is the source of their military strength and protection. This is why a priest leads them into battle, rather than a military commander. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) ##### Holy war ##### -Israel's conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh's punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Israel's conquering of the Promised Land was unique in history. It was a type of holy war and had special rules. This war was really Yahweh's punishment against the sin of the Canaanite people. If the people were not completely destroyed, they would cause Israel to sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/deu/21/13.md b/deu/21/13.md index 25fd2619c..0cfdc9a63 100644 --- a/deu/21/13.md +++ b/deu/21/13.md @@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "when you took her captive" (See: [[rc:// "an entire month" or "a whole month" +# After that you may lie with her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "After that you may have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/deu/22/13.md b/deu/22/13.md index 57152b3ee..10d3cbf15 100644 --- a/deu/22/13.md +++ b/deu/22/13.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ Moses continues speaking to the people of Israel. +# he goes in to her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he has sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/deu/22/22.md b/deu/22/22.md index 6ec7abcfe..cb0df1bdb 100644 --- a/deu/22/22.md +++ b/deu/22/22.md @@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is sin This can be stated in active form. AT: "If someone finds a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# lying with + +This is a euphemism. AT: "having sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # and you will remove "in this way you will remove" diff --git a/deu/22/23.md b/deu/22/23.md index f5727624d..45fdfcb09 100644 --- a/deu/22/23.md +++ b/deu/22/23.md @@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the word "you" is sin "who is promised to marry a man" +# lies with her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "has sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/deu/22/25.md b/deu/22/25.md index a557545f3..ae52dd233 100644 --- a/deu/22/25.md +++ b/deu/22/25.md @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ # the engaged girl -This means a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but the girl has not married him yet. +a girl whose parents have agreed to let her marry a certain man, but she has not married him yet -# then only the man who sleeps with her must die +# lies with her -"then you must only kill the man who slept with her" +This is a euphemism. AT: "has sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# then only the man who lies with her must die + +"then you must only kill the man who lay with her" diff --git a/deu/22/28.md b/deu/22/28.md index 0356b209c..bf9054e3d 100644 --- a/deu/22/28.md +++ b/deu/22/28.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ "but whose parents have not promised another man that she will marry him" +# lies with her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "has sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # if they are discovered This can be stated in active form. AT: "if somebody finds out what happened" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/deu/24/12.md b/deu/24/12.md index fe3e4b4aa..fc8bba0eb 100644 --- a/deu/24/12.md +++ b/deu/24/12.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -# you must not sleep with his pledge in your possession +# you must not lie down to sleep with his pledge in your possession -"you must not keep his coat overnight" +"you must not keep his coat overnight" or "you must return his pledge before you lie down to sleep" # his pledge diff --git a/deu/25/05.md b/deu/25/05.md index 29a5b8d14..1b4107c78 100644 --- a/deu/25/05.md +++ b/deu/25/05.md @@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ Possible meanings are: 1) "If brothers live on the same property" or 2) "If brot This can be stated in active form. AT: "then the family of the dead man must not let the widow marry someone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +# shall go in to her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "shall have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # do the duty of a husband's brother to her "do what the brother of a dead husband is supposed to do" diff --git a/deu/26/03.md b/deu/26/03.md index c99d4c848..fa1fce6c7 100644 --- a/deu/26/03.md +++ b/deu/26/03.md @@ -1,4 +1,10 @@ # General Information: Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the words "you" and "your" here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/servant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/acknowledge]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oath]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/basket]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/altar]] diff --git a/deu/27/21.md b/deu/27/21.md index eea23ef51..e69de29bb 100644 --- a/deu/27/21.md +++ b/deu/27/21.md @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# who sleeps with any kind of beast - -The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "who sleeps with any kind of beast in the way that man sleeps with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - diff --git a/deu/29/intro.md b/deu/29/intro.md index bbcc27fd4..f835ea449 100644 --- a/deu/29/intro.md +++ b/deu/29/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) +This chapter is a retelling of the covenant Yahweh made with Moses, along with its blessings and cursing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/30/intro.md b/deu/30/intro.md index 9ef552d0e..08edabf94 100644 --- a/deu/30/intro.md +++ b/deu/30/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +Moses begins to give final instructions to Israel before his death in anticipation of their entrance into the Promised Land. There were warnings and blessings associated with the people's obedience to the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/34/intro.md b/deu/34/intro.md index d999dfe59..792c98cce 100644 --- a/deu/34/intro.md +++ b/deu/34/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) +This chapter may have been written by Joshua, since it recorded Moses' death. This chapter officially ends the revelation of the law of Moses, and life in the Promised Land is about to begin again. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/deu/front/intro.md b/deu/front/intro.md index 16312b373..399f37c6b 100644 --- a/deu/front/intro.md +++ b/deu/front/intro.md @@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ God's name is mentioned over thirty times in the book of Deuteronomy. The use of #### Can this book be translated before the rest of the Pentateuch? #### -The Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. For this reason, those books should be translated before the Book of Deuteronomy. \ No newline at end of file +The Books of Genesis and Exodus help to explain what happens in Deuteronomy. 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63](../zep/28/63.md) +* [Verse: 64](../zep/28/64.md) -Old version of [deu\29\27.md](../../v11/deu/29/27.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../deu/29/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../deu/29/28.md) +Old version of [zep\29\27.md](../../v11/zep/29/27.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 27](../zep/29/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/29/28.md) -Old version of [deu\30\17.md](../../v11/deu/30/17.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../deu/30/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../deu/30/18.md) +Old version of [zep\30\17.md](../../v11/zep/30/17.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/30/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/30/18.md) -Old version of [deu\32\01.md](../../v11/deu/32/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../deu/32/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../deu/32/02.md) +Old version of [zep\32\01.md](../../v11/zep/32/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* 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a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/34/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/34/08.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ecc/04/intro.md b/ecc/04/intro.md index 3359dc801..99eca6402 100644 --- a/ecc/04/intro.md +++ b/ecc/04/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Irony ##### -The teacher looks at the oppression in the world and is saddened by it, but he is the king and has the power to change things. He also laments being alone even though he has many wives, children, and concubines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +The teacher looks at the oppression in the world and is saddened by it, but he is the king and has the power to change things. He also laments being alone even though he has many wives, children, and concubines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/ecc/front/intro.md b/ecc/front/intro.md index 3db450592..775f81709 100644 --- a/ecc/front/intro.md +++ b/ecc/front/intro.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Some scholars think the author was a faithful man. Other scholars think that the #### What does this book teach about how God repays people? #### -In the ancient Near East, people were concerned with why they were being punished or blessed. They often connected these things to their gods. The writer of Ecclesiastes explains that Yahweh will bless and reward people for the right things they do and punish people for the evil things they do. But this might not happen in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +In the ancient Near East, people were concerned with why they were being punished or blessed. They often connected these things to their gods. The writer of Ecclesiastes explains that Yahweh will bless and reward people for the right things they do and punish people for the evil things they do. But this might not happen in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) #### What value did the Israelites place on the Book of Ecclesiastes? #### @@ -55,4 +55,4 @@ Parts of the Book of Ecclesiastes can be shocking or surprising to read in Scrip The author of Ecclesiastes concludes that everything in this life quickly passes away, like a vapor that disappears. A person's circumstances or character and even all of the things of this world have little or no significance apart from God. That is because God gives meaning to everything. -At the end of their life, people often say that the years of their life seemed short. The author of Ecclesiastes used the metaphor of vapor or breath to describe how life ends while it seems to be just beginning. \ No newline at end of file +At the end of their life, people often say that the years of their life seemed short. The author of Ecclesiastes used the metaphor of vapor or breath to describe how life ends while it seems to be just beginning. diff --git a/ecc/span.md b/ecc/span.md index 1f88d4ee3..a8535df4c 100644 --- a/ecc/span.md +++ b/ecc/span.md @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ -Old version of [ecc\02\04.md](../../v11/ecc/02/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../ecc/02/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../ecc/02/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../ecc/02/06.md) +Old version of [zep\02\04.md](../../v11/zep/02/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/02/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/02/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/02/06.md) -Old version of [ecc\09\04.md](../../v11/ecc/09/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../ecc/09/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../ecc/09/05.md) +Old version of [zep\09\04.md](../../v11/zep/09/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/09/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/09/05.md) -Old version of [ecc\10\16.md](../../v11/ecc/10/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../ecc/10/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../ecc/10/17.md) +Old version of [zep\10\16.md](../../v11/zep/10/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/10/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/10/17.md) -Old version of [ecc\12\10.md](../../v11/ecc/12/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../ecc/12/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../ecc/12/11.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\12\10.md](../../v11/zep/12/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/12/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/12/11.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/eph/01/intro.md b/eph/01/intro.md index 61286d986..9aec4f035 100644 --- a/eph/01/intro.md +++ b/eph/01/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ ##### "I pray" ##### -This chapter is structured loosely as a prayer, but it is not a typical prayer. This is a unique "prayer" where Paul is not just talking to God. He is also giving written instructions to the church in Ephesus. +Paul structures part of this chapter like a prayer of praise to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is teaching the church in Ephesus. He also tells the Ephesians how he is praying for them. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Predestination ##### -Many scholars believe this chapter teaches on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some scholars take this to indicate that God has chosen some to be eternally saved before the foundation of the world. Since this is a source of theological diversity, extra care should be taken in translation, especially with regards to elements of causation in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]]) +Many scholars believe this chapter teaches on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some scholars take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter, especially with regards to elements of causation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/eph/02/intro.md b/eph/02/intro.md index 80b235087..7779fac3c 100644 --- a/eph/02/intro.md +++ b/eph/02/intro.md @@ -2,29 +2,29 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter focuses on a Christian's life before coming to faith in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person's former way of living is distinct from a Christian's new identity "in Christ." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +This chapter focuses on a Christian's life before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a person's former way of living is distinct from a Christian's new identity "in Christ." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### One body ##### -Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles) who are now one group or "body." It is also known as Jesus's body because Jesus unites them. +Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or "body." The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### "Dead in trespasses and sins" ##### -Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are "dead" in their sin. This means that they are in bondage or enslaved to their sin, which leads to death unless they come to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are "dead" in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually "dead". Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -##### Metaphors for worldly living ##### -Paul uses many different metaphors to describe how the non-Christian world acts. They "walked according to the age of this world," "walked according to the ruler of the authorities of the air," "acting according to the evil desires of our flesh," and "doing the will of the flesh and the mind." +##### Descriptions of worldly living ##### +Paul uses many different ways to describe how the non-Christian world acts. They "lived according to the ways of this world" and are "living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air," "fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature," and "carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind." #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "It is a gift of God" ##### -Most scholars believe "it" refers to salvation, while others believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of agreement in the Greek wording, it is more probable that salvation is what Paul refers to as the gift of God here. +Some scholars believe "it" here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, "it" here more likely refers to all of being saved by God's grace through faith. ##### Flesh ##### -This is a complex issue. It is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. The phrase "Gentiles in the flesh" indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. "Flesh" is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) +This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. The phrase "Gentiles in the flesh" indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. "Flesh" is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/eph/03/08.md b/eph/03/08.md index bdb4d5e4e..b75d740f4 100644 --- a/eph/03/08.md +++ b/eph/03/08.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# the saints - -"those whom God has set apart for himself" or "God's holy people" - # unsearchable unable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/eph/03/intro.md b/eph/03/intro.md index 44003b098..32d66fb4f 100644 --- a/eph/03/intro.md +++ b/eph/03/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ ##### "I pray" ##### -This chapter is structured loosely as a prayer, but it is not a typical prayer. This is a unique "prayer" where Paul is not just talking to God directly. He is also is giving written instructions to the church in Ephesus. +Paul structures part of this chapter as a prayer to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is both praying for and instructing the church in Ephesus. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Mystery ##### -Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known, but it has now been revealed by God. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles' equal standing with the Jews in the current plans of God. +Paul refers to the church as a "mystery." The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known. But God has now revealed it. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. ## Links: ## diff --git a/eph/04/intro.md b/eph/04/intro.md index a42f227c0..f55c9c8b5 100644 --- a/eph/04/intro.md +++ b/eph/04/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:8. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Spiritual gifts ##### -Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities given to Christians after coming to faith in Jesus. This is not an exhaustive list of the spiritual gifts. Some scholars believe there are some gifts given only in the early church because they were foundational to the development of the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. Some scholars believe that the Holy Spirit gave some spiritual gifts only to believers in the early church. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### Unity ##### -Paul places a great importance on unity in the church. This is a major theme of this chapter. +Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Old man and new man ##### -The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature that a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after coming to faith in Christ. Paul also uses the terms old/new self and old/new creation in the same way. +The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The "new man" is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. ## Links: ## diff --git a/eph/05/31.md b/eph/05/31.md index 87ff27df7..1168dd932 100644 --- a/eph/05/31.md +++ b/eph/05/31.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament. The words "his" and "himself" refer to a male believer who marries. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mystery]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/church]] diff --git a/eph/05/intro.md b/eph/05/intro.md index d0a549911..68c4689a5 100644 --- a/eph/05/intro.md +++ b/eph/05/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 5:14. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the words of verse 14. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ ##### -This is a difficult concept to understand. Because all of these sins can be forgiven, it should be obvious the inheritance talked about here is not eternal life. Some scholars, though, believe those who continue to practice these things will not inherit eternal life. It seems to be more natural to see "inheriting the kingdom" as referencing a future kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) +This is difficult to understand. Some scholars believe those who continue to practice these things will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. So immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. A more natural reading is "No person who is sexually immoral or indecent, or who is greedy (for this is the same as worshiping idols) will be among God’s people over whom Christ rules as king." (UDB) (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Wives, submit to your husbands ##### -Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things (known as "egalitarianism"). Other scholars believe men and women were created to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church (known as "complementarianism"). One's understanding of this issue will likely affect how this passage is translated. +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage. ## Links: ## diff --git a/eph/06/23.md b/eph/06/23.md index b664c6af5..a1cefda2c 100644 --- a/eph/06/23.md +++ b/eph/06/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,13 @@ # Connecting Statement: Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peace]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godthefather]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lord]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jesus]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] diff --git a/eph/06/intro.md b/eph/06/intro.md index e9966fe08..276f8b23f 100644 --- a/eph/06/intro.md +++ b/eph/06/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Slavery ##### -This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery would have been rather radical during his time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way that pleases God despite the circumstances of one's life. Remember, Paul is in prison when he writes these words. +Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about working to please God whether as a slave or as a master. What Paul teaches here about slavery would have been surprising. In his time, masters were not expected to treat their slaves with respect and not threaten them. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Armor of God ##### -This is an extended metaphor describing how Christians can protect themselves from spiritual "attacks" in their daily lives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This extended metaphor describes how Christians can protect themselves when spiritually attacked. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/eph/front/intro.md b/eph/front/intro.md index ec468bd6b..6be268bad 100644 --- a/eph/front/intro.md +++ b/eph/front/intro.md @@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20; 2: #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Ephesians? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in Ephesians: -* Some early manuscripts do not include "in Ephesus" (1:1) but this expression is probably in the original letter. The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions include it. -* "because we are members of his body" (5:30). Most modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. Some older versions read, "because we are members of his body and of his bones." Translators might decide to choose the second reading if other versions in their area have it that way. If translators do choose the second reading, they should put the additional words inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to the Book of Ephesians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +* "in Ephesus" (1:1). Some early manuscripts do not include this expression, but it is probably in the original letter. The ULB, UDB, and many modern versions include it. +* "because we are members of his body" (5:30). Most modern versions, including the ULB and UDB, read in this way. Some older versions read, "because we are members of his body and of his bones." Translators might decide to choose the second reading if other versions in their area have it that way. If translators choose the second reading, they should put the additional words inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to the Book of Ephesians. + +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/eph/span.md b/eph/span.md index 6a211c5ac..73b8650ad 100644 --- a/eph/span.md +++ b/eph/span.md @@ -1,25 +1,25 @@ -Old version of [eph\01\22.md](../../v11/eph/01/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../eph/01/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../eph/01/23.md) +Old version of [zep\01\22.md](../../v11/zep/01/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/01/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/01/23.md) -Old version of [eph\02\08.md](../../v11/eph/02/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../eph/02/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../eph/02/09.md) +Old version of [zep\02\08.md](../../v11/zep/02/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/02/09.md) -Old version of [eph\02\19.md](../../v11/eph/02/19.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../eph/02/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../eph/02/22.md) +Old version of [zep\02\19.md](../../v11/zep/02/19.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/02/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/02/22.md) -Old version of [eph\03\17.md](../../v11/eph/03/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../eph/03/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../eph/03/18.md) +Old version of [zep\03\17.md](../../v11/zep/03/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/03/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/03/18.md) -Old version of [eph\04\14.md](../../v11/eph/04/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../eph/04/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../eph/04/16.md) +Old version of [zep\04\14.md](../../v11/zep/04/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/04/16.md) -Old version of [eph\05\25.md](../../v11/eph/05/25.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../eph/05/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../eph/05/26.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\05\25.md](../../v11/zep/05/25.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/05/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/05/26.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/est/front/intro.md b/est/front/intro.md index 052c63c29..f23552029 100644 --- a/est/front/intro.md +++ b/est/front/intro.md @@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ The term "Medes" refers to a people group that had formed its own nation, but th #### What different levels of language are in the Book of Esther? #### -In the Book of Esther, people talk to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately talk in the Persian court and the words of royal decrees. Friends and close relatives also talk to each other. There are even the words that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways their own language has to express these different situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand. \ No newline at end of file +In the Book of Esther, people talk to each other in many different situations. There is the polite and stately talk in the Persian court and the words of royal decrees. Friends and close relatives also talk to each other. There are even the words that one uses in speaking to oneself. Translators should use all the ways their own language has to express these different situations in a way that their readers will identify and understand. diff --git a/est/span.md b/est/span.md index 4c3257ecf..a5569447f 100644 --- a/est/span.md +++ b/est/span.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ -Old version of [est\01\16.md](../../v11/est/01/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../est/01/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../est/01/17.md) +Old version of [zep\01\16.md](../../v11/zep/01/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/01/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/01/17.md) -Old version of [est\01\19.md](../../v11/est/01/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../est/01/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../est/01/20.md) +Old version of [zep\01\19.md](../../v11/zep/01/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/01/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/01/20.md) -Old version of [est\02\03.md](../../v11/est/02/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../est/02/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../est/02/04.md) +Old version of [zep\02\03.md](../../v11/zep/02/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/02/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/02/04.md) -Old version of [est\09\06.md](../../v11/est/09/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../est/09/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../est/09/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../est/09/09.md) +Old version of [zep\09\06.md](../../v11/zep/09/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/09/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/09/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/09/09.md) -Old version of [est\09\23.md](../../v11/est/09/23.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../est/09/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../est/09/25.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\09\23.md](../../v11/zep/09/23.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/09/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/09/25.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/exo/01/intro.md b/exo/01/intro.md index 1500e5847..7ad3cb89e 100644 --- a/exo/01/intro.md +++ b/exo/01/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of th Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ##### End of the famine ##### -It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land and instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/exo/04/intro.md b/exo/04/intro.md index 2c57bf104..3c6437a75 100644 --- a/exo/04/intro.md +++ b/exo/04/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahweh's doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) ##### Children of God ##### -This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God's children, possibly God's firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]]) +This chapter really introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and God's children, possibly God's firstborn children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/exo/12/14.md b/exo/12/14.md index 0aa49dea8..e69de29bb 100644 --- a/exo/12/14.md +++ b/exo/12/14.md @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# for you, throughout your people's generations - -"for you and all the generations of your descendants" - diff --git a/exo/19/intro.md b/exo/19/intro.md index a675fbdbc..070007c49 100644 --- a/exo/19/intro.md +++ b/exo/19/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "A kingdom of priests" ##### -The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) ##### Revealing the Law ##### The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) diff --git a/exo/21/intro.md b/exo/21/intro.md index 83c046a3d..b2e3d1055 100644 --- a/exo/21/intro.md +++ b/exo/21/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it f This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice. ##### Justice in society ##### -The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/exo/22/16.md b/exo/22/16.md index 2fb1131ad..c628d607b 100644 --- a/exo/22/16.md +++ b/exo/22/16.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ "not promised to be married" -# if he sleeps with her +# if he lies with her -Sleeping with someone is a euphemism for having sex. AT: "if he has sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Lying with someone is a euphemism for having sex. AT: "if he has sex with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # bride wealth diff --git a/exo/22/19.md b/exo/22/19.md index 93b1d1b1d..2785a1286 100644 --- a/exo/22/19.md +++ b/exo/22/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Whoever sleeps with a beast must surely be put to death +# Whoever lies with an animal -Here "sleeps with a beast" is a euphemism that means someone has sex with an animal. This can be stated in active form. AT: "You must certainly kill anyone who has sex with an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a euphemism. AT: "Whoever has sexual relations with an animal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/exo/22/intro.md b/exo/22/intro.md index 1af1219b3..0aa00bf7d 100644 --- a/exo/22/intro.md +++ b/exo/22/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Justice in society ##### -The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people's desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) +The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the people's desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/exo/23/04.md b/exo/23/04.md index dc0f80984..47ae44e78 100644 --- a/exo/23/04.md +++ b/exo/23/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/cow]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/donkey]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/astray]] diff --git a/exo/23/intro.md b/exo/23/intro.md index 4ada9ab4e..48942dc22 100644 --- a/exo/23/intro.md +++ b/exo/23/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Justice in society ##### -The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was God's chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) ##### Celebrations of feasts and festivals ##### The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them. diff --git a/exo/27/21.md b/exo/27/21.md index 7f6d88784..7618c6db2 100644 --- a/exo/27/21.md +++ b/exo/27/21.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is another name for the tabernacle. This is the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments. -# This requirement will be a lasting ordinance +# This requirement will be a lasting statute -"I require that the people do this as a lasting ordinance" +"I require that the people do this as a lasting statute" diff --git a/exo/29/28.md b/exo/29/28.md index 7a0ade8dc..a69db58e5 100644 --- a/exo/29/28.md +++ b/exo/29/28.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# a perpetual ordinance +# This will be a perpetual share for Aaron and his sons -"a permanent law" +"This is what Aaron and his sons will always receive from the people" diff --git a/exo/29/45.md b/exo/29/45.md index a56dd6fca..0514e71ae 100644 --- a/exo/29/45.md +++ b/exo/29/45.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/egypt]] diff --git a/exo/29/intro.md b/exo/29/intro.md index 0480b6307..ae57e5665 100644 --- a/exo/29/intro.md +++ b/exo/29/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Consecrating priests ##### -This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/exo/30/intro.md b/exo/30/intro.md index ebd5804f7..63a68ab01 100644 --- a/exo/30/intro.md +++ b/exo/30/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Atonement ##### -The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/exo/31/16.md b/exo/31/16.md index 4e41de985..50ebe692b 100644 --- a/exo/31/16.md +++ b/exo/31/16.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ God speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. "They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it." See how you translated "throughout their people's generations" in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md). -# permanent law +# lasting covenant -"a law the will not end." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md). +"a covenant that will always exist." See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md). diff --git a/exo/32/04.md b/exo/32/04.md index c609b9715..edf803d7a 100644 --- a/exo/32/04.md +++ b/exo/32/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# fashioned it in a mold, and made it into a molded calf +# fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calf Aaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf. diff --git a/exo/32/08.md b/exo/32/08.md index f1a69c5ca..9922788cc 100644 --- a/exo/32/08.md +++ b/exo/32/08.md @@ -2,7 +2,3 @@ Here God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. AT: "stopped doing what I commanded them to do" or "have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# They have molded for themselves a calf - -"They have made a gold statue for themselves shaped like a calf" - diff --git a/exo/34/23.md b/exo/34/23.md index 8870792c9..2e97a91fb 100644 --- a/exo/34/23.md +++ b/exo/34/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/castout]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/nation]] diff --git a/exo/front/intro.md b/exo/front/intro.md index ad1f4e1dc..36dde281c 100644 --- a/exo/front/intro.md +++ b/exo/front/intro.md @@ -75,4 +75,4 @@ Most but not all of the events in the Book of Exodus are told in the order that #### What does it mean that God "lived" among his people? #### -The Book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him. \ No newline at end of file +The Book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him. diff --git a/exo/span.md b/exo/span.md index c8ef7cef1..3285cd3c6 100644 --- a/exo/span.md +++ b/exo/span.md @@ -1,204 +1,204 @@ -Old version of [exo\05\10.md](../../v11/exo/05/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../exo/05/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../exo/05/11.md) +Old version of [zep\05\10.md](../../v11/zep/05/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/05/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/05/11.md) -Old version of [exo\06\14.md](../../v11/exo/06/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../exo/06/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../exo/06/15.md) +Old version of [zep\06\14.md](../../v11/zep/06/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/06/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/06/15.md) -Old version of [exo\06\28.md](../../v11/exo/06/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../exo/06/29.md) -* 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has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/38/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/38/14.md) -Old version of [exo\38\17.md](../../v11/exo/38/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../exo/38/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../exo/38/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../exo/38/19.md) +Old version of [zep\38\17.md](../../v11/zep/38/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/38/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/38/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/38/19.md) -Old version of [exo\38\17.md](../../v11/exo/38/17.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../exo/38/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../exo/38/19.md) +Old version of [zep\38\17.md](../../v11/zep/38/17.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/38/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/38/19.md) -Old version of [exo\38\24.md](../../v11/exo/38/24.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../exo/38/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../exo/38/25.md) +Old version of [zep\38\24.md](../../v11/zep/38/24.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/38/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/38/25.md) -Old version of [exo\38\24.md](../../v11/exo/38/24.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../exo/38/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../exo/38/25.md) +Old version of [zep\38\24.md](../../v11/zep/38/24.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/38/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/38/25.md) -Old version of [exo\39\10.md](../../v11/exo/39/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../exo/39/10.md) -* [Verse: 13](../exo/39/13.md) +Old version of [zep\39\10.md](../../v11/zep/39/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/39/10.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/39/13.md) -Old version of [exo\39\27.md](../../v11/exo/39/27.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../exo/39/27.md) -* [Verse: 29](../exo/39/29.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\39\27.md](../../v11/zep/39/27.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 27](../zep/39/27.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/39/29.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezk/02/intro.md b/ezk/02/intro.md index b3f6562a7..bb7339a80 100644 --- a/ezk/02/intro.md +++ b/ezk/02/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Ezekiel's call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +Ezekiel's call continues in this chapter. God appointed Ezekiel to be a prophet but warned him that the people were very rebellious and would not listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/ezk/03/08.md b/ezk/03/08.md index c082c49d3..1900e187b 100644 --- a/ezk/03/08.md +++ b/ezk/03/08.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The Spirit of God continues speaking to Ezekiel. The word "Behold" here alerts Ezekiel to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. -# I have made your face as stubborn as their faces +# I have made your face as hard as their faces -The words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. AT: "I have made you as stubborn as they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +A hard face is a metaphor for being stubborn. AT: "I have made you as stubborn as they are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # I have made ... your brow as hard as their brows diff --git a/ezk/08/intro.md b/ezk/08/intro.md index e21caf1e1..eaa2af468 100644 --- a/ezk/08/intro.md +++ b/ezk/08/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Judah's sin ##### -The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +The people have contaminated the temple with their worship of other gods and through their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/ezk/09/intro.md b/ezk/09/intro.md index b30f67392..747ba56dd 100644 --- a/ezk/09/intro.md +++ b/ezk/09/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Sorrow over sin ##### -God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +God was looking for people who were sad that there was so much evil being done. Yahweh would keep these faithful people from being killed with the rest of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/ezk/16/24.md b/ezk/16/24.md index 897daa951..5273b1d40 100644 --- a/ezk/16/24.md +++ b/ezk/16/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# you built yourself a vaulted chamber in every public place +# you built yourself a mound and made yourself a lofty shrine in every public place Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. diff --git a/ezk/16/31.md b/ezk/16/31.md index 29ed3b114..069adb7ab 100644 --- a/ezk/16/31.md +++ b/ezk/16/31.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ +# built your mounds ... made your lofty shrines + +Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](./24.md). + # at the head of every street Yahweh speaks of the beginning of a street as if it were its head. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 16:25](./25.md). AT: "at the beginning of every street" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# made your vaulted chamber - -Possible meanings are that she built a place where 1) she could worship her idols or 2) she could practice her prostitution. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 16:24](./24.md). - diff --git a/ezk/23/08.md b/ezk/23/08.md index a7e4a8e72..8b164ddef 100644 --- a/ezk/23/08.md +++ b/ezk/23/08.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# to pour out their promiscuous behavior on her +# poured out their lust upon her -This speaks of the men acting promiscuously towards her as if their promiscuous behavior were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. AT: "to act promiscuously towards her" or "to act lustfully towards her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of lust as if it were a large amount of water that they were pouring out on her. AT: "to act lustfully toward her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/ezk/23/18.md b/ezk/23/18.md index 165cd3cd7..379f4484d 100644 --- a/ezk/23/18.md +++ b/ezk/23/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues his metaphor in which he speaks of the cities of Jerusalem and Samaria as if they were two prostitutes. This metaphor continues through [Ezekiel 23:34](./33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/egypt]] diff --git a/ezk/23/44.md b/ezk/23/44.md index f14d4dfe1..8a24a65b2 100644 --- a/ezk/23/44.md +++ b/ezk/23/44.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -# They went in to her and slept with her as men go in to be with a prostitute +# They went in to her, as men go in to a prostitute -This compares the way men slept with her to the way men sleep with a prostitute. AT: "They slept with her in the same way that men sleep with a prostitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +They had sexual relations with her in the same way that men have sexual relations with a prostitute. # They went in to her "They went in to where she was" or "They went to her" -# In this way they slept with Oholah and Oholibah +# In this way they went in to Oholah and Oholibah -"This is how they slept with Oholah and Oholibah" +"This is how they had sexual relations with Oholah and Oholibah" diff --git a/ezk/29/intro.md b/ezk/29/intro.md index a1890adb5..1d77aa98c 100644 --- a/ezk/29/intro.md +++ b/ezk/29/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +This chapter begins a prophecy against Egypt and its king, Pharaoh. Because Egypt did not fulfill its promise of protecting Judah, it will be conquered by Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/ezk/36/17.md b/ezk/36/17.md index 9f1c75b64..6ed0d1305 100644 --- a/ezk/36/17.md +++ b/ezk/36/17.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ This compares how the people behaved to a woman's unclean menstruation rags. Thi # menstruation of a woman -the blood that comes out of a woman every month when she is not pregnant +the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb diff --git a/ezk/43/03.md b/ezk/43/03.md index d68f0c3e2..7786e84db 100644 --- a/ezk/43/03.md +++ b/ezk/43/03.md @@ -2,11 +2,19 @@ "The glory of God coming from the east was" +# It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw, according to the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city + +Possible meanings are 1) the second phrase beginning with "according to" explains the meaning of the first phrase beginning with "according to." AT: "It was according to the appearance of the vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" or 2) the first phrase refers to the vision that Ezekiel had just seen of God's glory. AT: "The appearance of this vision that I saw was according to them vision that I saw when he had come to destroy the city" + # according to the appearance of the vision The abstract noun "appearance" can be translated as a verb. AT: "just like what appeared in the vision" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +# according to the vision + +"like the vision" + # when he had come to destroy the city -Possible meanings are 1) "when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city" or 2) "when I had come to see the God of Israel destroy the city." +"when the God of Israel had come to destroy the city." If the earlier Hebrew reading "when I had come to destroy the city" is used, then "destroy the city" is a synecdoche for "prophesy that the city will be destroyed." AT: "when I had come to prophesy that the city will be destroyed" or "when I had come to prophesy that the God of Israel will destroy the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/ezk/44/08.md b/ezk/44/08.md index da433ba3b..bb0429f84 100644 --- a/ezk/44/08.md +++ b/ezk/44/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,10 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues giving Ezekiel his message to the house of Israel. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyplace]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/foreigner]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heart]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] diff --git a/ezk/front/intro.md b/ezk/front/intro.md index 70299a8c6..e5e023c7a 100644 --- a/ezk/front/intro.md +++ b/ezk/front/intro.md @@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ Translators should avoid trying to explain these visions in their translations. #### What does "and you will know that I am Yahweh" mean? #### -This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase "and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen." The UDB translates it as "then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do." \ No newline at end of file +This is a common phrase in the Book of Ezekiel. It is meant to assure the reader that these messages truly came from God, and that he will do what he has promised. The translator may also use the phrase "and you will understand that I am Yahweh and what I say will happen." The UDB translates it as "then you will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do." diff --git a/ezk/span.md b/ezk/span.md index 8d07b7411..ed3155cb3 100644 --- a/ezk/span.md +++ b/ezk/span.md @@ -1,145 +1,145 @@ -Old version of [ezk\05\03.md](../../v11/ezk/05/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../ezk/05/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../ezk/05/04.md) +Old version of [zep\05\03.md](../../v11/zep/05/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/05/04.md) -Old version of [ezk\06\04.md](../../v11/ezk/06/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../ezk/06/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../ezk/06/05.md) +Old version of [zep\06\04.md](../../v11/zep/06/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/06/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/06/05.md) -Old version of [ezk\12\14.md](../../v11/ezk/12/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../ezk/12/14.md) -* [Verse: 16](../ezk/12/16.md) +Old version of [zep\12\14.md](../../v11/zep/12/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/12/14.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/12/16.md) -Old version of [ezk\13\10.md](../../v11/ezk/13/10.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../ezk/13/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../ezk/13/11.md) +Old version of [zep\13\10.md](../../v11/zep/13/10.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/13/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/13/11.md) -Old version of [ezk\14\22.md](../../v11/ezk/14/22.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../ezk/14/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../ezk/14/23.md) +Old version of [zep\14\22.md](../../v11/zep/14/22.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/14/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/14/23.md) -Old version of [ezk\16\20.md](../../v11/ezk/16/20.md) line number 9 has a snippet 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[ezk\48\17.md](../../v11/ezk/48/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../ezk/48/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../ezk/48/18.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\48\17.md](../../v11/zep/48/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/48/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/48/18.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/ezr/02/66.md b/ezr/02/66.md index 066ffa17d..ad9e968a7 100644 --- a/ezr/02/66.md +++ b/ezr/02/66.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: This is a list of the animals along with the numbers of each kind that returned with the people from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/horse]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/donkey]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/camel]] diff --git a/ezr/front/intro.md b/ezr/front/intro.md index f71937496..219959232 100644 --- a/ezr/front/intro.md +++ b/ezr/front/intro.md @@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ The Book of Ezra uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It was #### Are the events in the Book of Ezra told in the order that they actually happened? #### -Some of the events in the Book of Ezra are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order. \ No newline at end of file +Some of the events in the Book of Ezra are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order. diff --git a/ezr/span.md b/ezr/span.md index 9e6fe0834..df37e5122 100644 --- a/ezr/span.md +++ b/ezr/span.md @@ -1,137 +1,137 @@ -Old version of [ezr\01\09.md](../../v11/ezr/01/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../ezr/01/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../ezr/01/10.md) +Old version of [zep\01\09.md](../../v11/zep/01/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/01/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) -Old version of [ezr\01\09.md](../../v11/ezr/01/09.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../ezr/01/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../ezr/01/10.md) +Old version of [zep\01\09.md](../../v11/zep/01/09.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/01/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) -Old version of [ezr\02\03.md](../../v11/ezr/02/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* 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-* [Verse: 18](../ezr/08/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../ezr/08/19.md) +Old version of [zep\08\18.md](../../v11/zep/08/18.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/08/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/08/19.md) -Old version of [ezr\10\20.md](../../v11/ezr/10/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../ezr/10/20.md) -* [Verse: 22](../ezr/10/22.md) +Old version of [zep\10\20.md](../../v11/zep/10/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/10/20.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/10/22.md) -Old version of [ezr\10\20.md](../../v11/ezr/10/20.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../ezr/10/20.md) -* [Verse: 22](../ezr/10/22.md) +Old version of [zep\10\20.md](../../v11/zep/10/20.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/10/20.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/10/22.md) -Old version of [ezr\10\26.md](../../v11/ezr/10/26.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 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[ezr\10\37.md](../../v11/ezr/10/37.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../ezr/10/37.md) -* [Verse: 39](../ezr/10/39.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\10\37.md](../../v11/zep/10/37.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 37](../zep/10/37.md) +* [Verse: 39](../zep/10/39.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gal/01/16.md b/gal/01/16.md index 9a547c6a8..c57faba65 100644 --- a/gal/01/16.md +++ b/gal/01/16.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "to allow me to know his Son" or 2) "to show the world This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -# proclaim him +# preach him "proclaim that he is God's Son" or "preach the good news about God's Son" diff --git a/gal/01/intro.md b/gal/01/intro.md index 8abb0e488..c3fd01d9c 100644 --- a/gal/01/intro.md +++ b/gal/01/intro.md @@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The introduction to this letter is slightly different than Paul's other letters. It states, "I am not an apostle from men nor through a man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead." This statement is probably included because there were false teachers who opposed Paul and tried to undermine his authority. +Paul started this letter differently than his other letters. He adds that he was "not an apostle from men nor by human agency, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, who raised him from the dead ones." Paul probably included these words because false teachers were opposing him and trying to undermine his authority. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Heresy ##### -There is only one gospel that is capable of saving a person eternally. This is the true, biblical gospel, any other version of the gospel is under condemnation from God. Those who teach a false gospel are considered accursed and it is possible that they are outside of salvation. They should be treated as non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) +God eternally saves people only through the true, biblical gospel. God condemns any other version of the gospel. Paul asks God to curse those who teach a false gospel. They might not be saved. They should be treated as non-Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) ##### Paul's qualifications ##### -There was an issue in the early church whereby certain people taught that Gentiles needed to obey the law of Moses. In this chapter, Paul gives his credentials or qualifications as an "exemplary" Jew in order to refute this teaching (1:11-24). As a Jew, and the apostle to the Gentile people, Paul is uniquely qualified to address this issue. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Some people in the early church were teaching that Gentiles needed to obey the law of Moses. To refute this teaching, in verses 13-16 Paul explains how he was formerly a zealous Jew. But God still needed to save him and show him the true gospel. As a Jew, and the apostle to Gentile people, Paul was uniquely qualified to address this issue. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "You are turning so quickly to a different gospel" ##### -Galatians was probably the first letter Paul wrote, making this line one of the first recorded statements about the early church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The Book of Galatians is one of Paul's earliest letters in Scripture. It shows that heresies troubled even the early church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gal/02/intro.md b/gal/02/intro.md index 42e248f1f..78a1a3561 100644 --- a/gal/02/intro.md +++ b/gal/02/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter continues the discussion of Paul's qualifications that began in [Galatians 1:11](../01/11.md). +Paul continues to defend the true gospel. This began in [Galatians 1:11](../01/11.md). #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Freedom and slavery ##### -These two concepts are used in contrast to each other. The Christian has freedom in Christ to be able to do many different things, but the Christian who attempts to follow the law of Moses, even one point, is under obligation to follow the whole of the law. This attempt to follow the law enslaves the Christians to have to follow it all. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Throughout this letter, Paul contrasts freedom and slavery. The Christian is free in Christ to do many different things. But the Christian who attempts to follow the law of Moses needs to follow the whole law. Paul describes trying to follow the law as a type of slavery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "I do not negate the grace of God" ##### -Paul teaches that, if a Christian attempts to follow the law of Moses, they fail to understand the grace God has shown to them. This is a fundamental error, but Paul uses this statement as a type of hypothetical situation. The purpose of this statement could be seen as, "if you could be saved by following the law, then it would negate the grace of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Paul teaches that, if a Christian attempts to follow the law of Moses, they do not understand the grace God has shown to them. This is a fundamental error. But Paul uses the words "I do not negate the grace of God" as a type of hypothetical situation. The purpose of this statement could be seen as, "If you could be saved by following the law, then it would negate the grace of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gal/03/intro.md b/gal/03/intro.md index 306c70e18..ab8e57e7e 100644 --- a/gal/03/intro.md +++ b/gal/03/intro.md @@ -3,17 +3,20 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Equality in Christ ##### -In the church, there is equality between all members. Race, ethnic identity, sex and economic standing do not matter. All have equal standing with each other and in the eyes of God. +All Christians are equally united to Christ. Ancestry, gender, and status do not matter. All are equal with each other. All are equal in the eyes of God. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -Paul uses many different rhetorical questions to convince the Galatians of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Paul uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to convince the Galatians of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "Those who believe are sons of Abraham" ##### -Scholars are divided over what this means. Some believe Christians inherit the promises of Abraham, replacing the physical descendants of Israel. Others believe Christians are those who follow in the spiritual footsteps of Abraham, but they do not inherit the promises given to Abraham. In light of Paul's other teachings, and the context here, it is probable that Paul is talking about the Jewish Christians as living in equality with the Gentile Christians; but this does not negate the specific future and inheritance of the physical descendants of Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### Flesh ##### +This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that the physical part of man is sinful. "Flesh" is used in this chapter to contrast with that which is spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) + +##### "Those of faith are children of Abraham" ##### +Scholars are divided on what this means. Some believe Christians inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham, so Christians replace the physical descendants of Israel. Others believe Christians spiritually follow Abraham, but they do not inherit the promises that God gave to Abraham. In light of Paul's other teachings and the context here, Paul is probably writing about the Jewish and Gentile Christians sharing the same faith as Abraham did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gal/04/intro.md b/gal/04/intro.md index 5f2e95452..817c38067 100644 --- a/gal/04/intro.md +++ b/gal/04/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:27. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verse 27, which is quoted from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Sonship ##### -This is a complex issue discussed in this chapter. Scholars have many views on the issue of Israel's sonship. Not all of Abraham's physical descendants inherit the promises of Abraham. Only the children of Abraham, through his sons Isaac and Jacob, can inherit those promises and only those who follow him spiritually. It is through their faith that they become adopted into the family as sons with an inheritance ("children of promise"). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) +Sonship is a complex issue. Scholars have many views on Israel's sonship. Paul uses sonship to teach how being under the law differs from being free in Christ. Not all of Abraham's physical descendants inherited God's promises to him. Only his descendants through Isaac and Jacob inherited the promises. And God only adopts into his family those who follow Abraham spiritually through faith. They are children of God with an inheritance. Paul calls them "children of promise." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Abba, Father ##### -Abba is an Aramaic word. It was an informal way to refer to a person's father in ancient Israel. Paul "transliterates" its sounds by writing it with Greek letters. +"Abba" is an Aramaic word. In ancient Israel, people used it to informally refer to their fathers. Paul "transliterates" its sounds by writing them with Greek letters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) ## Links: ## * __[Galatians 4:1](./01.md)__ diff --git a/gal/05/intro.md b/gal/05/intro.md index a88d9a12a..4851ac744 100644 --- a/gal/05/intro.md +++ b/gal/05/intro.md @@ -2,26 +2,22 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Paul continues talking about the law of Moses as something which traps or enslaves a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Paul continues writing about the law of Moses as something that traps or enslaves a person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Fruit of the Spirit ##### -Many scholars have observed that the phrase "the fruit of the Spirit" is singular and not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. The singular form should remain in translation in a singular form if possible. Do not translate: "the fruits of the spirit are" in attempt to force agreement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]]) +The phrase "the fruit of the Spirit" is not plural, even though it begins a list of several things. Translators should keep the singular form if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Illustrations ##### -Paul uses several metaphors to illustrate his points. Running a race and yeast are two metaphors he uses in this chapter to help explain complicated issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Paul uses several metaphors in this chapter to illustrate his points and help explain complicated issues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Flesh ##### - -This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is a metaphor for a person's sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful and it appears that Paul is teaching that while man remains alive ("in the flesh"), he will remain sinful regardless of his effort, but his new nature will be fighting against his old nature. Flesh is used in this chapter to contrast with that which is spiritual. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]]) - ##### "You are cut off from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you no longer experience grace." ##### -Some scholars believe Paul teaches that being circumcised in order to fulfill the law causes a person to lose their salvation. It is more probable that Paul is saying these people have walked away from grace as a rule, and have exchanged it for the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) +Some scholars think Paul teaches that being circumcised causes a person to lose their salvation. Other scholars think Paul means that obeying the law to try to get right with God will keep a person from being saved by grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gal/06/intro.md b/gal/06/intro.md index 9cae26c86..3c5a4b887 100644 --- a/gal/06/intro.md +++ b/gal/06/intro.md @@ -2,22 +2,22 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Overall, this chapter serves as a conclusion to Paul's letter. It contains some concluding thoughts, which may not be as connected to the rest of the material contained in the letter. There are also some other issues that Paul wished to address in the church in Galatia. +This chapter concludes Paul's letter. His final words address some issues that do not seem to be connected to the rest of his letter. ##### Brothers ##### -This chapter is addressed to Christians and this should be seen as a reference to Paul's Christian brothers and not his Jewish brothers. +Paul writes the words in this chapter to Christians. He calls them "brothers." This refers to Paul's Christian brothers and not his Jewish brothers. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### New Creation ##### -This is a concept related to being born again. Those who are born again are said to be a new creation in Christ. To Paul, this is more significant than a person's ancestry. It also is related to the idea that the Christian has been given new life in Christ, and has a new nature in them after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +People who are born again are a new creation in Christ. Christians have been given new life in Christ. They have a new nature in them after they come to faith in Christ. To Paul, this is more significant than a person's ancestry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bornagain]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Flesh ##### -This is a complex issue and it is possible that "flesh" is still a subject used in distinction to the "spirit." The person of the flesh is controlled by their sinful desires while the spiritual is controlled by the Spirit. Flesh is also used to refer to the physical body in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) +This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is contrasted with "spirit." In this chapter, flesh is also used to refer to the physical body. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gal/front/intro.md b/gal/front/intro.md index 215626307..08b3a2e3c 100644 --- a/gal/front/intro.md +++ b/gal/front/intro.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ It is uncertain when Paul wrote this letter and where he was when he wrote it. S #### What is the Book of Galatians about? #### -Paul wrote this letter to both Jewish and non-Jewish Christians in the region of Galatia. He wanted to write against the false teachers who said that Christians need to follow the law of Moses. Paul defended the gospel by explaining that a person is saved by believing in Jesus Christ. People are saved as result of God being kind and not as a result of people doing good works. No person can perfectly obey the law. Any attempt to please God by obeying the law of Moses will only result in God condemning them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) +Paul wrote this letter to both Jewish and non-Jewish Christians in the region of Galatia. He wanted to write against the false teachers who said that Christians need to follow the law of Moses. Paul defended the gospel by explaining that a person is saved by believing in Jesus Christ. People are saved as result of God being kind and not as a result of people doing good works. No person can perfectly obey the law. Any attempt to please God by obeying the law of Moses will only result in God condemning them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) #### How should the title of this book be translated? #### @@ -44,8 +44,6 @@ Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this ki #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Galatians? #### -The following passage is the most significant textual issue in the Book of Galatians: +* "Foolish Galatians, whose evil eye has harmed you? Was not Jesus Christ depicted as crucified before your eyes" (3:1)? The ULB, UDB, and the other modern versions have this reading. However, older versions of the Bible add, "[so] that ye should not obey the truth." Translators are advised not to include this expression. However, if in the translators' region there are older Bible versions that have the passage, the translators can include it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) -* "Foolish Galatians, whose evil eye has harmed you? Was not Jesus Christ depicted as crucified before your eyes?" (3:1) The ULB, UDB, and the other modern versions have this reading. However, older versions of the Bible add, "[so] that ye should not obey the truth." Translators are advised not to include this expression. However, if in the translators' region there are older Bible versions that have the passage, the translators can include it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to Galatians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/gal/span.md b/gal/span.md index 79aa28c68..91f6c71af 100644 --- a/gal/span.md +++ b/gal/span.md @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ -Old version of [gal\02\01.md](../../v11/gal/02/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../gal/02/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../gal/02/02.md) +Old version of [zep\02\01.md](../../v11/zep/02/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/02/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/02/02.md) -Old version of [gal\04\06.md](../../v11/gal/04/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../gal/04/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../gal/04/07.md) +Old version of [zep\04\06.md](../../v11/zep/04/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/04/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/04/07.md) -Old version of [gal\04\06.md](../../v11/gal/04/06.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../gal/04/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../gal/04/07.md) +Old version of [zep\04\06.md](../../v11/zep/04/06.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/04/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/04/07.md) -Old version of [gal\04\24.md](../../v11/gal/04/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../gal/04/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../gal/04/25.md) +Old version of [zep\04\24.md](../../v11/zep/04/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/04/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/04/25.md) -Old version of [gal\05\22.md](../../v11/gal/05/22.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../gal/05/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../gal/05/23.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\05\22.md](../../v11/zep/05/22.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/05/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/05/23.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gen/01/02.md b/gen/01/02.md index ba2fcdbe7..7a84e4447 100644 --- a/gen/01/02.md +++ b/gen/01/02.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ God had not yet put the world in order. "the water" or "the deep water" or "the vast water" -# the waters +# the surface of the waters -"the water" or "the surface of the water" +"the surface of the water" or "the water" diff --git a/gen/01/intro.md b/gen/01/intro.md index 98033ae24..f91b939e9 100644 --- a/gen/01/intro.md +++ b/gen/01/intro.md @@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, last #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### "In the beginning" ##### + +Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But "very long ago" is different from "in the beginning," and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly. + ##### "God said, 'Let there be'" ##### This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist. diff --git a/gen/04/01.md b/gen/04/01.md index c7962ff31..0b2abc7a0 100644 --- a/gen/04/01.md +++ b/gen/04/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ +# The man knew Eve + +This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # The man "the human being" or "Adam" -# slept with - -Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - # I have produced a man The word for "man" typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as "manchild" or "boy" or "baby boy" or "son." diff --git a/gen/04/17.md b/gen/04/17.md index e93e90d30..1357c3f30 100644 --- a/gen/04/17.md +++ b/gen/04/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# slept with +# Cain knew his wife -Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying that Cain had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # He built a city diff --git a/gen/04/25.md b/gen/04/25.md index 09ca18802..64c6861bb 100644 --- a/gen/04/25.md +++ b/gen/04/25.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# slept with +# Adam knew his wife -Your language may have a way of saying this politely. Some older versions say "knew." See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying that Adam had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in [Genesis 4:1](./01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # said, "God has given me another son diff --git a/gen/05/15.md b/gen/05/15.md index b4c90ee67..662a56691 100644 --- a/gen/05/15.md +++ b/gen/05/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/father]] diff --git a/gen/05/18.md b/gen/05/18.md index b4c90ee67..7293fd8bd 100644 --- a/gen/05/18.md +++ b/gen/05/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in [Genesis 5:6-8](./06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/enoch]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/father]] diff --git a/gen/12/intro.md b/gen/12/intro.md index a920e4633..46d0bae10 100644 --- a/gen/12/intro.md +++ b/gen/12/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ When God said, "Go from your country, and from your relatives," he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram. ##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### -God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/gen/13/intro.md b/gen/13/intro.md index cff94ef8e..226328d24 100644 --- a/gen/13/intro.md +++ b/gen/13/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Abram's faith ##### -Since the land could not support both Lot's and Abraham's family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +Since the land could not support both Lot's and Abraham's family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ##### God's covenant with Abram ##### diff --git a/gen/15/intro.md b/gen/15/intro.md index 4e048ec4d..d9de1239e 100644 --- a/gen/15/intro.md +++ b/gen/15/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Inheritance ##### -In the ancient Near East, a person's children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God's covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +In the ancient Near East, a person's children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God's covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### Fulfilling a promise ##### In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, "may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise." The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) diff --git a/gen/16/intro.md b/gen/16/intro.md index 255750d90..b4b9ec2f1 100644 --- a/gen/16/intro.md +++ b/gen/16/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Plural marriage ##### -Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife's permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife's permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gen/17/20.md b/gen/17/20.md index d1afbb305..b9ae4279a 100644 --- a/gen/17/20.md +++ b/gen/17/20.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is an idiom that means "will cause him to have many children." (See: [[rc:/ "I will cause him to have many descendants" -# leaders of tribes +# princes -"chiefs" or "rulers." These leaders are not the twelve sons and grandsons of Jacob that will lead the twelve tribes of Israel. +"chiefs" or "rulers." Ishmael's twelve sons are different from the twelve sons of Jacob who were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel. diff --git a/gen/17/intro.md b/gen/17/intro.md index dddbc5c7c..565d4db47 100644 --- a/gen/17/intro.md +++ b/gen/17/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his ##### God's covenant with Abraham ##### -God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ##### Circumcision ##### Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) diff --git a/gen/19/05.md b/gen/19/05.md index 6af8326e9..ee11ec2ac 100644 --- a/gen/19/05.md +++ b/gen/19/05.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "that went into your house" -# sleep with them +# we may know them -"engage in sex with them." Your language may have a more polite way of saying this. AT: "know them intimately or sexually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +These words literally mean "we may know who they are," but the men meant them as a euphemism for "we may have sexual relations with them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/19/08.md b/gen/19/08.md index 64c85a2c8..2631872ca 100644 --- a/gen/19/08.md +++ b/gen/19/08.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ "Pay attention" or "Look here" -# have not slept with +# who have not known any man -"have not engaged in sex with." Your language may have a more polite way of saying this. AT: "have not known" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of saying that the daughters had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated similar words in [Genesis 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # whatever is good in your eyes diff --git a/gen/19/31.md b/gen/19/31.md index e8502a575..b1d0bb8a3 100644 --- a/gen/19/31.md +++ b/gen/19/31.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ Here "firstborn" and "younger" are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot's two daughters according to their birth order. AT: "Lot's first daughter ... Lot's last daughter" or "The older daughter ... the younger daughter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +# to lie with us + + + # according to the way of all the world Here "the world" stands for the people. AT: "as people everywhere do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/gen/19/32.md b/gen/19/32.md index 7e8029730..480aff59c 100644 --- a/gen/19/32.md +++ b/gen/19/32.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. AT: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# we will lie with him + + + # so that we may extend our father's line This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. AT: "so that we can bear children who will be our father's descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/gen/19/33.md b/gen/19/33.md index 40ab994ee..c6941efb5 100644 --- a/gen/19/33.md +++ b/gen/19/33.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ -# he did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose +# lay with her father -"he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had slept with him" +This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. AT:"had sexual relations with her father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# when she lay down + +Possible meanings are 1) these words are literal, a complement to "when she got up," or 2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. AT: "when she had sexual relations with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/19/34.md b/gen/19/34.md index 889458a92..7b72bc08d 100644 --- a/gen/19/34.md +++ b/gen/19/34.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Let us make him drink wine ... nor when she arose +# Let us make him drink wine ... or when she got up See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32-33](./31.md). diff --git a/gen/19/35.md b/gen/19/35.md index 8b9ab5f9c..231765ee7 100644 --- a/gen/19/35.md +++ b/gen/19/35.md @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ -# Let us make him drink wine ... nor when she arose +# Let us make him drink wine ... or when she got up See how you translated these phrases in [Genesis 19:32-33](./31.md). -# He did not know when she lay down, nor when she arose +# lay with him -"he did not know anything about it" or "he did not know that she had slept with him" +This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. AT:"had sexual relations with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# when she lay down + +Possible meanings are 1) these words are literal, a complement to "when she got up," or 2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in [Genesis 19:33](./33.md). AT: "when she had sexual relations with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/21/intro.md b/gen/21/intro.md index b87bdd2e2..356ee5e0a 100644 --- a/gen/21/intro.md +++ b/gen/21/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Sarah's anger ##### -After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham's other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) +After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham's other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) ##### Abandoning Ishmael ##### According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/gen/22/intro.md b/gen/22/intro.md index 51ccbc8d1..225d8bbf2 100644 --- a/gen/22/intro.md +++ b/gen/22/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Sacrificing his son ##### -Although Isaac was not Abraham's only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham's promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God's actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Although Isaac was not Abraham's only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham's promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God's actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Covenant affirmation ##### After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a co #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### God tests Abraham ##### -Extra care should be taken when translating "testing." It is best to avoid using the same word used for "tempting" even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/12.md)) +Extra care should be taken when translating "testing." It is best to avoid using the same word used for "tempting" even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [James 2:13](../../jas/02/12.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gen/25/intro.md b/gen/25/intro.md index d04b24c73..182a52ca8 100644 --- a/gen/25/intro.md +++ b/gen/25/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as "polygamy." It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Inheritance ##### -In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) +In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/gen/26/10.md b/gen/26/10.md index 891e21e4c..420b42a06 100644 --- a/gen/26/10.md +++ b/gen/26/10.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. AT: "You should not have done this to us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +# might easily have lain with your wife + +The word "lain" here is a euphemism for "had sexual relations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # you would have brought guilt upon us This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if "guilt" were an object that is placed on someone. AT: "you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/gen/26/intro.md b/gen/26/intro.md index 2adeeeb11..aa33e1f2c 100644 --- a/gen/26/intro.md +++ b/gen/26/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Trust ##### -When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham's descendants did not trust in Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ##### Wells ##### In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God's blessing being upon Isaac. diff --git a/gen/27/intro.md b/gen/27/intro.md index 006c70553..372dc8ddc 100644 --- a/gen/27/intro.md +++ b/gen/27/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Blessing ##### -In the ancient Near East, a father's blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land and money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau's blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +In the ancient Near East, a father's blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau's blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gen/28/intro.md b/gen/28/intro.md index fa3842098..9f5ecb0e2 100644 --- a/gen/28/intro.md +++ b/gen/28/intro.md @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau's blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau's blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Jacob's dream ##### -Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob's sin, God is giving Abraham's covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob's sin, God is giving Abraham's covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ##### Bethel ##### This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel. diff --git a/gen/29/23.md b/gen/29/23.md index 5c83f824d..5fe9c8cf9 100644 --- a/gen/29/23.md +++ b/gen/29/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# who slept with her +# who went in to her -It is implied that Jacob did not know he was with Leah because it was dark and he could not see. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"who had sexual relations with her." You may need to use other, more polite words here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/29/30.md b/gen/29/30.md index 527bd1fe2..f0df95f3e 100644 --- a/gen/29/30.md +++ b/gen/29/30.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Jacob slept with Rachel +# Jacob went in to Rachel -This is a polite way to say that they had marital relations. AT: "Jacob married Rachel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"Jacob had sexual relations with Rachel." You may need to use other, more polite words here. See how similar words are translated in [Genesis 29:23](./23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # he loved Rachel diff --git a/gen/30/03.md b/gen/30/03.md index 930da78f7..4db90adfe 100644 --- a/gen/30/03.md +++ b/gen/30/03.md @@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children tha This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). +# Go in to her + +This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. AT: "Have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # on my knees This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. AT: "for me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/gen/30/04.md b/gen/30/04.md index e69de29bb..7468e0427 100644 --- a/gen/30/04.md +++ b/gen/30/04.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Jacob went in to her + +This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. AT: "Jacob had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/gen/30/15.md b/gen/30/15.md index 56c4fe477..5bad7ea66 100644 --- a/gen/30/15.md +++ b/gen/30/15.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "Now you want ... too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -# Then he will sleep +# Then he will lie with you -"Then Jacob will sleep" or "Then I will let Jacob sleep" +Here "lie with" is a euphemism. AT: "Then Jacob will have sexual intercourse with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/30/16.md b/gen/30/16.md index 253ec00b8..9be333595 100644 --- a/gen/30/16.md +++ b/gen/30/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# You must come in to me + +Here "come in to" is a euphemism. AT: "You must have sexual intercourse with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # with my son's mandrakes "for the price of my son's mandrakes." See how you translated "mandrake" in [Genesis 30:14](./14.md). diff --git a/gen/31/intro.md b/gen/31/intro.md index 1c36e4834..007230b9d 100644 --- a/gen/31/intro.md +++ b/gen/31/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) ##### Household gods ##### -Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them "good luck" and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them "good luck" and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/gen/32/intro.md b/gen/32/intro.md index 95cbfc451..36ffc0955 100644 --- a/gen/32/intro.md +++ b/gen/32/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Jacob does not trust Yahweh ##### -Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) +Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) ##### Name change ##### diff --git a/gen/34/02.md b/gen/34/02.md index 59485e555..07de3a98f 100644 --- a/gen/34/02.md +++ b/gen/34/02.md @@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word "Hiv This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, "prince" here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area. -# assaulted her, and slept with her +# He took her and lay with her -Shechem raped Dinah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) "took" and "lay with" are two separate actions. AT: "he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her" or 2) "took" and "lay with" are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, AT: "raped her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) + +# lay with her + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/34/03.md b/gen/34/03.md index 9a95fd4cd..618ae03aa 100644 --- a/gen/34/03.md +++ b/gen/34/03.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # spoke tenderly to her -This means he spoke affectionately to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also. +He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also. diff --git a/gen/34/07.md b/gen/34/07.md index a77b7c487..6d3db886f 100644 --- a/gen/34/07.md +++ b/gen/34/07.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Here the word "Israel" refers to every member of Jacob's family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. AT: "he had humiliated the family of Israel" or "he had brought shame on the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# forcing himself on Jacob's daughter +# lying with Jacob's daughter -"assaulting Jacob's daughter" +"having sexual relations with Jacob's daughter" # for such a thing should not have been done diff --git a/gen/34/intro.md b/gen/34/intro.md index 584d2b1c3..5b78d398e 100644 --- a/gen/34/intro.md +++ b/gen/34/intro.md @@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Israel ##### -Jacob's name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) +Jacob's name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Implicit information ##### Jacob's reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob's sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem. -Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gen/35/22.md b/gen/35/22.md index 4d6b6e143..036356b75 100644 --- a/gen/35/22.md +++ b/gen/35/22.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# lay with + +This is a euphemism. AT: "had sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # Bilhah This is the name of Rachel's female servant. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 29:29](../29/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/gen/35/intro.md b/gen/35/intro.md index f9b1736d9..c3981e4e5 100644 --- a/gen/35/intro.md +++ b/gen/35/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person's life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. ##### Covenant ##### -The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob's descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob's descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gen/38/02.md b/gen/38/02.md index 65f32895c..f4af08318 100644 --- a/gen/38/02.md +++ b/gen/38/02.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ Shua is a Canaanite woman who married Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# he went in to her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/gen/38/08.md b/gen/38/08.md index 93dd6399e..696d464ee 100644 --- a/gen/38/08.md +++ b/gen/38/08.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:4](./04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# Go in to your brother's wife ... he went in to + +This is a euphemism. AT: "Have sexual relations with your brother's wife ... he had sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # Do the duty of a brother-in-law to her This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sexual relations with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother's inheritance. diff --git a/gen/38/09.md b/gen/38/09.md index e69de29bb..51149919d 100644 --- a/gen/38/09.md +++ b/gen/38/09.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Go in to your brother's wife ... he went in to + +This is a euphemism. AT: "Have sexual relations with your brother's wife ... he had sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/gen/38/15.md b/gen/38/15.md index 74c044005..a7ed96b78 100644 --- a/gen/38/15.md +++ b/gen/38/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ +# When Judah saw her + +The word "her" here refers to Tamar, but your reader should understand that Judah did not know that the woman he was looking at was Tamar. + # because she had covered her face Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. AT: "because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# When Judah saw her - -"When Judah saw Tamar" - diff --git a/gen/38/18.md b/gen/38/18.md index 5de7c09a2..aef05c72b 100644 --- a/gen/38/18.md +++ b/gen/38/18.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ A "seal" is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to imprint melted wax. The "cord" was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. +# he went in to her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # she became pregnant by him This can be stated in active form. AT: "he caused her to become pregnant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/gen/38/26.md b/gen/38/26.md index 08a836e98..80b314052 100644 --- a/gen/38/26.md +++ b/gen/38/26.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ This is the name of one of Judah's sons. See how you translated this name in [Genesis 38:5](./05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +# did not lie with her again + +This is a euphemism. AT: "did not have sexual relations with her again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/gen/39/07.md b/gen/39/07.md index 9bdb4d550..56feeb425 100644 --- a/gen/39/07.md +++ b/gen/39/07.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ "And so." This phrase is used here to mark a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) +# Lie with me + +This is a euphemism. AT: "have sexual relations with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/gen/39/10.md b/gen/39/10.md index ba9a1902c..39f4c3646 100644 --- a/gen/39/10.md +++ b/gen/39/10.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# to lie with her ... Lie with me + +This is a euphemism. AT: "to have sexual relations with her ... Have sexual relations with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # to be with her "to be near her" diff --git a/gen/39/12.md b/gen/39/12.md index aba769398..7b83563f3 100644 --- a/gen/39/12.md +++ b/gen/39/12.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# to lie with her ... Lie with me + +This is a euphemism. AT: "to have sexual relations with her ... Have sexual relations with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # fled, and went outside "and quickly ran outside" or "and quickly ran out of the house" diff --git a/gen/39/14.md b/gen/39/14.md index 5e1a986be..daf329b53 100644 --- a/gen/39/14.md +++ b/gen/39/14.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ "Look" or "Listen" or "Pay attention to what I am about to tell you." -# He came in to me to sleep with me +# He came in to me to lie with me -Here Potiphar's wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and sleep with her. +Here Potiphar's wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and have sexual relations with her. "He came into my room to have sexual relations with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/gen/39/intro.md b/gen/39/intro.md index e2e6de556..a8a50b6de 100644 --- a/gen/39/intro.md +++ b/gen/39/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's power ##### -The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) +The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) ##### Joseph's character ##### Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph's ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph's character in this chapter is upright. He chose to do what was right, even when it could cause him harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) diff --git a/gen/46/intro.md b/gen/46/intro.md index 0c56c3a95..33f0c6cc5 100644 --- a/gen/46/intro.md +++ b/gen/46/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Going to Egypt ##### -Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) +Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) ##### Shepherds ##### diff --git a/gen/47/intro.md b/gen/47/intro.md index 3a05559bb..27592d238 100644 --- a/gen/47/intro.md +++ b/gen/47/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Abrahamic covenant ##### -Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham's descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham's descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ##### Jacob was not buried in Egypt ##### In the ancient Near east, a person was typically buried in their hometown. Since Egypt was not the Israelites' home, Jacob did not wish to be buried in Egypt. This was a lesson to the Israelites that Canaan was their true home, the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) diff --git a/gen/48/intro.md b/gen/48/intro.md index 092d36aa7..0f37e3ba4 100644 --- a/gen/48/intro.md +++ b/gen/48/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Blessing ##### -The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel's descendants inheriting those promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel's descendants inheriting those promises. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/gen/front/intro.md b/gen/front/intro.md index 256fb0cc8..86c7d8e4d 100644 --- a/gen/front/intro.md +++ b/gen/front/intro.md @@ -89,4 +89,4 @@ Many individuals in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were #### What do the phrases "to this day" or "of today" mean? #### -These phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" and "of today" refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18. \ No newline at end of file +These phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" and "of today" refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18. diff --git a/gen/span.md b/gen/span.md index 9fb0fa44a..dfef47dd8 100644 --- a/gen/span.md +++ b/gen/span.md @@ -1,326 +1,334 @@ -Old version of [gen\03\01.md](../../v11/gen/03/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../gen/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../gen/03/03.md) - -Old version of [gen\03\01.md](../../v11/gen/03/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../gen/03/01.md) -* [Verse: 3](../gen/03/03.md) - -Old version of [gen\03\04.md](../../v11/gen/03/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/03/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/03/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\04\03.md](../../v11/gen/04/03.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/04/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/04/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\04\20.md](../../v11/gen/04/20.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../gen/04/20.md) -* [Verse: 22](../gen/04/22.md) - -Old version of [gen\05\03.md](../../v11/gen/05/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../gen/05/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../gen/05/04.md) - -Old version of [gen\06\20.md](../../v11/gen/06/20.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../gen/06/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../gen/06/21.md) - -Old version of [gen\07\01.md](../../v11/gen/07/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../gen/07/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../gen/07/02.md) - -Old version of [gen\08\04.md](../../v11/gen/08/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/08/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/08/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\08\08.md](../../v11/gen/08/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../gen/08/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../gen/08/09.md) - -Old version of [gen\08\15.md](../../v11/gen/08/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../gen/08/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../gen/08/17.md) - -Old version of [gen\09\11.md](../../v11/gen/09/11.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../gen/09/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../gen/09/12.md) - -Old version of [gen\11\10.md](../../v11/gen/11/10.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../gen/11/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../gen/11/11.md) - -Old version of [gen\14\03.md](../../v11/gen/14/03.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../gen/14/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../gen/14/06.md) - -Old version of [gen\14\03.md](../../v11/gen/14/03.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../gen/14/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../gen/14/06.md) - -Old version of [gen\15\17.md](../../v11/gen/15/17.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../gen/15/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../gen/15/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../gen/15/21.md) - -Old version of [gen\18\03.md](../../v11/gen/18/03.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/18/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/18/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\18\03.md](../../v11/gen/18/03.md) line number 33 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../gen/18/03.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/18/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\18\16.md](../../v11/gen/18/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../gen/18/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../gen/18/18.md) - -Old version of [gen\18\16.md](../../v11/gen/18/16.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../gen/18/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../gen/18/18.md) - -Old version of [gen\19\34.md](../../v11/gen/19/34.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../gen/19/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../gen/19/35.md) - -Old version of [gen\22\20.md](../../v11/gen/22/20.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../gen/22/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../gen/22/22.md) - -Old version of [gen\24\42.md](../../v11/gen/24/42.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../gen/24/43.md) -* [Verse: 44](../gen/24/44.md) - -Old version of [gen\27\05.md](../../v11/gen/27/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../gen/27/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../gen/27/06.md) - -Old version of [gen\27\05.md](../../v11/gen/27/05.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../gen/27/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../gen/27/06.md) - -Old version of [gen\27\05.md](../../v11/gen/27/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../gen/27/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../gen/27/07.md) - -Old version of [gen\28\20.md](../../v11/gen/28/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../gen/28/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../gen/28/21.md) - -Old version of [gen\31\04.md](../../v11/gen/31/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/31/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/31/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\32\03.md](../../v11/gen/32/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/32/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/32/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\32\13.md](../../v11/gen/32/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../gen/32/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../gen/32/15.md) - -Old version of [gen\34\14.md](../../v11/gen/34/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../gen/34/14.md) -* [Verse: 16](../gen/34/16.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\01.md](../../v11/gen/36/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../gen/36/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../gen/36/03.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\04.md](../../v11/gen/36/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/36/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/36/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\04.md](../../v11/gen/36/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/36/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/36/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\09.md](../../v11/gen/36/09.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../gen/36/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../gen/36/12.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\13.md](../../v11/gen/36/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../gen/36/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../gen/36/14.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\13.md](../../v11/gen/36/13.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../gen/36/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../gen/36/14.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\15.md](../../v11/gen/36/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../gen/36/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../gen/36/16.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\17.md](../../v11/gen/36/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../gen/36/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../gen/36/18.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\17.md](../../v11/gen/36/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../gen/36/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../gen/36/18.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\20.md](../../v11/gen/36/20.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../gen/36/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../gen/36/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../gen/36/22.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\23.md](../../v11/gen/36/23.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../gen/36/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../gen/36/24.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\23.md](../../v11/gen/36/23.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../gen/36/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../gen/36/24.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\25.md](../../v11/gen/36/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../gen/36/25.md) -* [Verse: 27](../gen/36/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../gen/36/28.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\25.md](../../v11/gen/36/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../gen/36/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../gen/36/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../gen/36/28.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\29.md](../../v11/gen/36/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../gen/36/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../gen/36/30.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\31.md](../../v11/gen/36/31.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../gen/36/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../gen/36/33.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\31.md](../../v11/gen/36/31.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../gen/36/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../gen/36/33.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\34.md](../../v11/gen/36/34.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../gen/36/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../gen/36/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../gen/36/36.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\34.md](../../v11/gen/36/34.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 35](../gen/36/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../gen/36/36.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\37.md](../../v11/gen/36/37.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../gen/36/37.md) -* [Verse: 38](../gen/36/38.md) -* [Verse: 39](../gen/36/39.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\37.md](../../v11/gen/36/37.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../gen/36/37.md) -* [Verse: 39](../gen/36/39.md) - -Old version of [gen\36\40.md](../../v11/gen/36/40.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 40](../gen/36/40.md) -* [Verse: 41](../gen/36/41.md) -* [Verse: 42](../gen/36/42.md) -* [Verse: 43](../gen/36/43.md) - -Old version of [gen\38\03.md](../../v11/gen/38/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../gen/38/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../gen/38/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/38/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\38\12.md](../../v11/gen/38/12.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../gen/38/12.md) -* [Verse: 14](../gen/38/14.md) - -Old version of [gen\39\13.md](../../v11/gen/39/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../gen/39/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../gen/39/14.md) - -Old version of [gen\41\30.md](../../v11/gen/41/30.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../gen/41/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../gen/41/31.md) - -Old version of [gen\42\01.md](../../v11/gen/42/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../gen/42/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../gen/42/03.md) - -Old version of [gen\42\29.md](../../v11/gen/42/29.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../gen/42/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../gen/42/32.md) - -Old version of [gen\44\23.md](../../v11/gen/44/23.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../gen/44/23.md) -* [Verse: 26](../gen/44/26.md) - -Old version of [gen\44\23.md](../../v11/gen/44/23.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../gen/44/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../gen/44/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../gen/44/26.md) - -Old version of [gen\44\27.md](../../v11/gen/44/27.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../gen/44/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../gen/44/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../gen/44/29.md) - -Old version of [gen\44\30.md](../../v11/gen/44/30.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../gen/44/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../gen/44/31.md) - -Old version of [gen\45\09.md](../../v11/gen/45/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../gen/45/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../gen/45/10.md) - -Old version of [gen\45\16.md](../../v11/gen/45/16.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../gen/45/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../gen/45/18.md) - -Old version of [gen\45\19.md](../../v11/gen/45/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../gen/45/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../gen/45/20.md) - -Old version of [gen\46\08.md](../../v11/gen/46/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../gen/46/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../gen/46/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../gen/46/11.md) - -Old version of [gen\46\12.md](../../v11/gen/46/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../gen/46/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../gen/46/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../gen/46/14.md) - -Old version of [gen\46\16.md](../../v11/gen/46/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../gen/46/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../gen/46/17.md) - -Old version of [gen\46\23.md](../../v11/gen/46/23.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../gen/46/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../gen/46/24.md) - -Old version of [gen\46\31.md](../../v11/gen/46/31.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../gen/46/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../gen/46/32.md) - -Old version of [gen\46\33.md](../../v11/gen/46/33.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../gen/46/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../gen/46/34.md) - -Old version of [gen\47\01.md](../../v11/gen/47/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../gen/47/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../gen/47/02.md) - -Old version of [gen\48\03.md](../../v11/gen/48/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../gen/48/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../gen/48/04.md) - -Old version of [gen\49\14.md](../../v11/gen/49/14.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../gen/49/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../gen/49/15.md) - -Old version of [gen\50\04.md](../../v11/gen/50/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../gen/50/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../gen/50/05.md) - -Old version of [gen\50\07.md](../../v11/gen/50/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../gen/50/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../gen/50/08.md) - -Old version of [gen\50\15.md](../../v11/gen/50/15.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../gen/50/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../gen/50/17.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/03/01.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\04.md](../../v11/zep/03/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/03/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/03/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\03.md](../../v11/zep/04/03.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/04/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/04/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\04\20.md](../../v11/zep/04/20.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/04/20.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/04/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\05\03.md](../../v11/zep/05/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/05/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\20.md](../../v11/zep/06/20.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/06/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/06/21.md) + +Old version of [zep\07\01.md](../../v11/zep/07/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/07/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/07/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\04.md](../../v11/zep/08/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/08/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/08/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\08.md](../../v11/zep/08/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/08/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/08/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\15.md](../../v11/zep/08/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/08/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/08/17.md) + +Old version of [zep\09\11.md](../../v11/zep/09/11.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/09/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/09/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\11\10.md](../../v11/zep/11/10.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/11/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/11/11.md) + +Old version of [zep\14\03.md](../../v11/zep/14/03.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/14/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/14/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\14\03.md](../../v11/zep/14/03.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/14/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/14/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\15\17.md](../../v11/zep/15/17.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/15/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/15/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/15/21.md) + +Old version of [zep\18\03.md](../../v11/zep/18/03.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/18/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/18/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\18\03.md](../../v11/zep/18/03.md) line number 33 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/18/03.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/18/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\18\16.md](../../v11/zep/18/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/18/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/18/18.md) + +Old version of [zep\18\16.md](../../v11/zep/18/16.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/18/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/18/18.md) + +Old version of [zep\19\34.md](../../v11/zep/19/34.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/19/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/19/35.md) + +Old version of [zep\22\20.md](../../v11/zep/22/20.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/22/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/22/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\42.md](../../v11/zep/24/42.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/24/43.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/24/44.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\05.md](../../v11/zep/27/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/27/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/27/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\05.md](../../v11/zep/27/05.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/27/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/27/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\05.md](../../v11/zep/27/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/27/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/27/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\28\20.md](../../v11/zep/28/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/28/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/28/21.md) + +Old version of [zep\31\04.md](../../v11/zep/31/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/31/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/31/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\32\03.md](../../v11/zep/32/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/32/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/32/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\32\13.md](../../v11/zep/32/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet 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newline at end of file diff --git a/hab/02/intro.md b/hab/02/intro.md index d1eb66670..47062b993 100644 --- a/hab/02/intro.md +++ b/hab/02/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This chapter is arranged in a series of questions and answers between Yahweh and #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "The righteous will live by his faith" ##### -This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +This is an important phrase in Scripture. Paul also uses it to explain that man is justified by his faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/hab/front/intro.md b/hab/front/intro.md index e8ec2e3cd..caa4fa57b 100644 --- a/hab/front/intro.md +++ b/hab/front/intro.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ #### What is the Book of Habakkuk about? #### -Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +Other prophets spoke against Israel sinning and failing to obey Yahweh. But Habakkuk questioned Yahweh about the things he did. Yahweh said he would punish the people of Judah by sending the Babylonian army. Habakkuk complained because the Babylonians were more wicked than the people of Judah. Yahweh assured Habakkuk that he would also punish the Babylonians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) #### How should the title of this book be translated? #### @@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ In the first two chapters, Habakkuk asks Yahweh questions and Yahweh answers him #### Does Habakkuk question or challenge Yahweh? #### -Habakkuk spoke directly to Yahweh and seems to be challenging God. Habakkuk was not questioning the authority of Yahweh. He was telling Yahweh that he does not understand what Yahweh is doing. In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him. \ No newline at end of file +Habakkuk spoke directly to Yahweh and seems to be challenging God. Habakkuk was not questioning the authority of Yahweh. He was telling Yahweh that he does not understand what Yahweh is doing. In some cultures, it may be improper to speak to an authority in this way. It may be necessary to rephrase Habakkuk's questions to emphasize his sincere desire to learn why God is doing what he is doing, without doubting him. diff --git a/hab/span.md b/hab/span.md index c003179d3..8ac1eb322 100644 --- a/hab/span.md +++ b/hab/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [hab\01\15.md](../../v11/hab/01/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../hab/01/15.md) -* [Verse: 17](../hab/01/17.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\15.md](../../v11/zep/01/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/01/15.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/01/17.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hag/02/intro.md b/hag/02/intro.md index c77964547..fde02dee8 100644 --- a/hag/02/intro.md +++ b/hag/02/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Unclean ##### -Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +Haggai uses an extended metaphor in this chapter related to ritual cleanliness. While the Jews were not unclean by nature as the Gentiles were, their actions made them unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/hag/front/intro.md b/hag/front/intro.md index cbe108e01..ace3e5f71 100644 --- a/hag/front/intro.md +++ b/hag/front/intro.md @@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ It is likely that Haggai prophesied before the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. #### What does "consider your ways" mean? #### -Yahweh told the people to "consider your ways" several times in this book. This means that he wants them to think carefully about how they have lived and behaved. \ No newline at end of file +Yahweh told the people to "consider your ways" several times in this book. This means that he wants them to think carefully about how they have lived and behaved. diff --git a/hag/span.md b/hag/span.md index 4c2ec4f11..c474549bb 100644 --- a/hag/span.md +++ b/hag/span.md @@ -1,17 +1,17 @@ -Old version of [hag\02\01.md](../../v11/hag/02/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../hag/02/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../hag/02/02.md) +Old version of [zep\02\01.md](../../v11/zep/02/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/02/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/02/02.md) -Old version of [hag\02\06.md](../../v11/hag/02/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../hag/02/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../hag/02/07.md) +Old version of [zep\02\06.md](../../v11/zep/02/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/02/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/02/07.md) -Old version of [hag\02\20.md](../../v11/hag/02/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../hag/02/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../hag/02/21.md) +Old version of [zep\02\20.md](../../v11/zep/02/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/02/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/02/21.md) -Old version of [hag\02\20.md](../../v11/hag/02/20.md) line number 33 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../hag/02/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../hag/02/22.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\02\20.md](../../v11/zep/02/20.md) line number 33 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/02/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/02/22.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/heb/01/intro.md b/heb/01/intro.md index 77339ccac..6bcfe1f22 100644 --- a/heb/01/intro.md +++ b/heb/01/intro.md @@ -2,25 +2,24 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter is about how Jesus is superior to the angels. +This chapter describes how Jesus is more important to us than the angels are. -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:5, 7-13, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:5, 7-13, which are words from the Old Testament. ##### "Our ancestors" ##### -This letter begins with an assumption of a Jewish audience. This is why it is called "Hebrews." + +The writer wrote this letter to Christians who had grown up as Jews. This is why the letter is called "Hebrews." #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical questions ##### -The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. + +The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of proving Jesus is better than the angels. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that God's Son is more important than any of the angels. ##### Poetry ##### -The author uses many poetic elements in his letter. This is not typical of a letter and causes his teachings concerning the person of Christ to stand out. -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +Jewish teachers, like the Old Testament prophets, would put their most important teachings in the form of poetry so that the hearers would be able to learn and remember them. -##### Prophecy ##### -Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah even though the prophecies often contained poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## * __[Hebrews 01:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/heb/02/intro.md b/heb/02/intro.md index 441ff0cfa..4e3cd10cc 100644 --- a/heb/02/intro.md +++ b/heb/02/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the great Jew. +This chapter is about how Jesus is better than Moses, the greatest Israelite. -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 2:6-8, 12-13, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Brothers ##### -The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to fellow Israelites and fellow Christians. Extra care should be taken to make sure the reference is clear. It may also be necessary to occasionally leave the referent vague. -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### Prophecy ##### -Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah but the prophecies themselves often contain poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -## Links: ## +The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews. * __[Hebrews 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/heb/03/intro.md b/heb/03/intro.md index ab030e3f3..776a00f00 100644 --- a/heb/03/intro.md +++ b/heb/03/intro.md @@ -2,27 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:7-11,15, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:7-11,15, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Brothers ##### -The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to fellow Israelites and fellow Christians. Extra care should be taken to make sure the reference is clear. It may be necessary to occasionally leave the referent vague. +The author probably uses the term "brothers" to refer to Christians who grew up as Jews. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Harden your hearts ##### -This is a common metaphor used in Scripture. It indicates that a person who rejects Jesus will increasingly lack the spiritual discernment necessary to believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +A person who hardens his heart is a person who will not listen to or obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ##### Rhetorical questions ##### -The author uses rhetorical questions as a way to convince his readers. - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### Prophecy ##### -Jesus literally fulfilled these prophecies about the Messiah but the prophecies themselves often contain poetic or metaphorical language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The author uses rhetorical questions as a way of warning his readers. Both he and the readers know the answers to the questions, and the writer knows that as the readers think about the answers to the questions, they will realize that they need to listen to God and obey him. ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/04/06.md b/heb/04/06.md index 4278ef766..42c7de799 100644 --- a/heb/04/06.md +++ b/heb/04/06.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Here we find out that this quotation from the Psalms was written by David. (See: [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md)) -# it is still reserved for some to enter his rest +# it still remains that some will enter his rest The peace and security provided by God are spoken of as if they were rest that he can give, and as if they were a place to which people could go. This can be stated in active form. AT: "God still allows some people to enter his place of rest" or "God still allows some people to experience his blessings of rest" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/heb/04/intro.md b/heb/04/intro.md index 1fba31bdc..9a8f1a620 100644 --- a/heb/04/intro.md +++ b/heb/04/intro.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter is about how Jesus is the greatest high priest. +This chapter tells why Jesus is the greatest high priest. -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:3-4, 7, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:3-4, 7, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's rest ##### -This is probably a reference to a prophesied time when Israel would have peace. This may be physical peace or spiritual peace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +The word "rest" seems to refer to at least two things in this chapter. It refers to a place or time when God will allow his people to rest from their work ([Hebrews 4:3](./03.md)), and it refers to God resting on the seventh day ([Hebrews 4:4](./03.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/05/intro.md b/heb/05/intro.md index 15f6600c2..6c9eecc2f 100644 --- a/heb/05/intro.md +++ b/heb/05/intro.md @@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### High priest ##### -Jesus needed to be a high priest in order to offer his life as a sacrifice for sin. The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Milk and solid food ##### -This is an image used to describe maturity in Christ. It compares immature Christians to babies who are only able to drink milk. They are not mature enough to handle solid foods, which are the more complex teachings about Jesus. Instead, they have chosen not to grow and to remain like babies who drink only milk, the simpler and more basic teachings about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +The writer speaks of Christians who are only able to understand simple things about Jesus as if they were babies, who drink only milk and cannot eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/06/intro.md b/heb/06/intro.md index 89480df7f..206d8403b 100644 --- a/heb/06/intro.md +++ b/heb/06/intro.md @@ -1,13 +1,10 @@ # Hebrews 06 General Notes # -#### Structure and formatting #### - -The audience of this chapter is Christians. This will probably affect how one translates some of the difficult verses. - #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Abrahamic Covenant ##### -God made a covenant with Abraham. In it, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham's descendants and to give them land of their own. These covenant promises are based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +In the covenant that God made with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham's descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect Abraham's descendants and to give them land of their own. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/07/17.md b/heb/07/17.md index 53c56b645..cf9528833 100644 --- a/heb/07/17.md +++ b/heb/07/17.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This speaks about scripture as if it were a person who could witness about something. AT: "For God witnesses about him through the scriptures" or "For this is what was written about him in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -# after the manner of Melchizedek +# according to the order of Melchizedek -This means that Christ as a priest has things in common with Melchizedek as a priest. AT: "in the same way that Melchizedek was a priest" +There were two groups of priests. One was made up of the descendants of Levi. The other was made up of Melchizedek and Jesus Christ. AT: "according to the line of Melchizedek" or "according to the priesthood of Melchizedek" diff --git a/heb/07/intro.md b/heb/07/intro.md index 96dc8554b..5faba18b9 100644 --- a/heb/07/intro.md +++ b/heb/07/intro.md @@ -2,18 +2,14 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:17, 21, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:17, 21, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### High priest ##### -Jesus' role as high priest is explained in detail in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) -##### Melchizedek ##### -The high priest was normally from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the ruling tribe, Judah. His right to be a priest came from the tradition of Melchizedek, who was a priest before the Levites came into existence. This passage will be difficult to understand if Genesis has not been translated first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Only a high priest could offer sacrifices so that God could forgive sins, so Jesus had to be a high priest. The law of Moses commanded that the high priest be from the tribe of Levi, but Jesus was from the tribe of Judah. God made him a priest like the priest Melchizedek, who lived at the time of Abraham, before there was a tribe of Levi. -##### New Covenant ##### -The author mentions the New Covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ## Links: ## * __[Hebrews 07:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/heb/08/01.md b/heb/08/01.md index 74f2f5d0c..a715ef17d 100644 --- a/heb/08/01.md +++ b/heb/08/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the import # we are saying -Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. AT: "I am saying" or "I am writing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) +Even though the author uses the plural pronoun "we," he is most likely referring only to himself. Because the writer does not include his readers here, the word "we" is exclusive. AT: "I am saying" or "I am writing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) + +# We have a high priest + +The author is including the readers here, so the word "we" is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) # sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty diff --git a/heb/08/intro.md b/heb/08/intro.md index b9ad2c31e..57c7a0b36 100644 --- a/heb/08/intro.md +++ b/heb/08/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,16 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The author is still speaking about Jesus' role as the ultimate high priest. The author also begins to speak about how the new covenant is superior to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +The author finishes describing how and why Jesus is the most important high priest. Then he begins to speak about how the new covenant is better to the covenant God made with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 8:8-12, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### New covenant ##### -The author mentions the new covenant and discusses Jesus' relationship to it. Israel's relationship to the new covenant is unclear and the subject of much debate. -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The author tells how Jesus has established a new covenant that is better than the covenant that God established with the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) -##### We ##### -The author begins to speak using the pronoun "we." It is uncertain who else this includes. ## Links: ## * __[Hebrews 08:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/heb/09/intro.md b/heb/09/intro.md index 96fa8e49e..1057afdf9 100644 --- a/heb/09/intro.md +++ b/heb/09/intro.md @@ -2,23 +2,27 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter discusses how Jesus is superior to the temple and its religious system of regulations. This chapter will be difficult to understand if the first five books of the Old Testament have not yet been translated. +This chapter describes how Jesus is better than the temple and all its laws and rules. This chapter will be difficult to understand if the first five books of the Old Testament have not yet been translated. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Will ##### -A will is a legal document that declares what will happen to a person's property after they die. + +A will is a legal document that describes what will happen to a person's property after he dies. ##### Blood ##### -Blood played an important role in the Mosaic and New Covenants. In the Mosaic Covenant, it was the blood of the sacrifices which was significant. In the New Covenant, it is the blood of Jesus that is much more important by comparison. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) + +In the Old Testament, God had commanded the Israelites to offer sacrifices so that he would forgive their sins. Before they could offer these sacrifices, they had to kill animals and then offer not only the animal's body but also its blood. Shedding blood is a metaphor for killing an animal or person. Jesus offered his life, his blood, as a sacrifice when he allowed men to kill him. The writer of the Book of Hebrews is saying in this chapter that this sacrifice is better than the sacrifices of the Old Testament. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) ##### Return of Christ ##### -The purpose of the return of Christ is to ultimately redeem the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]]) + +Jesus will return to finish the work that he began when he died so that God would forgive his people's sins. He will finish saving those people who are waiting for him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### First covenant ##### -This is a reference to the covenant made with Moses. Although it is not the first covenant recorded in scripture, it was the first covenant that God made with the people of Israel, so it was earlier than the new covenant made through Jesus Christ. The translator may wish to translate "the first covenant" as "the earlier covenant." + +This refers to the covenant that God made with Moses. However, before he made this covenant, God had made a covenant with Abraham. But this was the first covenant that God had made with the people of Israel. You may decide to translate "the first covenant" as "the earlier covenant." ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/10/intro.md b/heb/10/intro.md index c7a955b59..3f9474136 100644 --- a/heb/10/intro.md +++ b/heb/10/intro.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter discusses how life as a Christian is superior to life as a Jew under the law of Moses and how the sacrifice of Jesus was superior to the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +In this chapter, the writer finishes describing how Jesus' sacrifice was better than the sacrifices offered in the Temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 10:5-7, 15-17, 37-38, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 10:5-7, 15-17, 37-38, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -== God's judgment and reward== -Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) +##### God's judgment and reward ##### + +Holy living is important for Christians. God will hold people accountable for how they lived their Christian life. Even though there will not be eternal condemnation for Christians, ungodly actions do and will have consequences. In addition, faithful living will be rewarded. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/heb/11/intro.md b/heb/11/intro.md index 9b6a35d3b..17af6c0ab 100644 --- a/heb/11/intro.md +++ b/heb/11/intro.md @@ -1,15 +1,14 @@ # Hebrews 11 General Notes # -#### Structure and formatting #### +#### Structure #### -Many people refer to this chapter as the "Hall of Fame of Faith." This is because it chronicles the people in history with the greatest faith in God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +The writer begins this chapter by telling what faith is. Then he gives many examples of people who had faith and how they lived. -Having contrasted Christianity with Judaism, the author now begins to show the continuity between the two. In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +#### Important concepts in this chapter #### ##### Faith ##### -This chapter gives a definition of the biblical concept of faith. The translator's language may not have a word that directly corresponds to this definition. It is common for a language to lack a word that directly corresponds to a biblical word or concept. + +In both the old and new covenants, God required faith. Some people with faith performed miracles and were very powerful. Other people with faith suffered greatly. ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/12/intro.md b/heb/12/intro.md index 3682e8490..23f3dcd36 100644 --- a/heb/12/intro.md +++ b/heb/12/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the OT. +After telling of the value discipline, the author begins a series of exhortations. (See; [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exhort]]) + +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:5-6, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Discipline ##### -God disciplines his children in the same way parents discipline or correct their children. This imagery is used because discipline is out of love. Different cultures may have different standards of parental discipline, some of which may be unbiblical. God's discipline is the way he uses different circumstances to correct his children and to bring them to repentance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### - -Many different figures of speech are used. They are usually more common in poetic writings than in narrative, but the author uses them as a way to teach people. +God wants his people to do what is right. When they do what is wrong, he needs to correct or punish them. He does this just as earthly fathers correct and punish children whom they love. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/discipline]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/13/intro.md b/heb/13/intro.md index 32669b7f3..8156ef0ec 100644 --- a/heb/13/intro.md +++ b/heb/13/intro.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter continues a series of exhortations to Christians that began in chapter 12. These commands are not always connected to each other, so the translator should not feel obliged to make smooth transitions between subjects. +The author finishes the list of exhortations he began in chapter 12. Then he asks the readers to pray for him and ends the letter. -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:6, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "Welcome angels" ##### -The exact meaning of this phrase is unknown. It is possibly a reference to Abraham entertaining angels (Genesis 18). The Greek word for "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." This would give the phrase the meaning that any stranger may be a messenger or servant of God, so hospitality should be shown to them. +##### Hospitality ##### + +God wants his people to invite other people to come to their homes to eat food and even to sleep. His people should do this even if they do not know well the people they are inviting. In the Old Testament, Abraham and his nephew Lot both showed hospitality to people they did not know. Abraham served a costly meal to them, and then Lot invited them to sleep in his house. They learned later that those people were actually angels. ## Links: ## diff --git a/heb/front/intro.md b/heb/front/intro.md index e8952763b..414285edb 100644 --- a/heb/front/intro.md +++ b/heb/front/intro.md @@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ The UDB will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Hebrews? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Hebrews: +For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "and you have put him over the works of your hands." (2:7) The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not read this way. Some older versions do. -* "those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed" (4:2). The ULB, UDB, and some other versions read this way. Other versions read, "those who heard it without joining faith to it." If there are other versions in the region, translators might consider following their reading. -* "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that have come." (9:11) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some other versions read, "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that are to come." If there are other versions in the region, translators might consider following their reading. -* "on those who were prisoners" (10:34). The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "of me in my chains." -* "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword." (11:37) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were tempted. They were killed with the sword." -* "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned." (12:20) The ULB, UDB, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned or shot with an arrow." +* "you crowned him with glory and honor" (2:7). Some older versions read, "you crowned him with glory and honor and you have put him over the works of your hands." +* "those who did not unite in faith with those who obeyed" (4:2). Some older versions read, "those who heard it without joining faith to it." +* "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that have come" (9:11). Some modern versions and older versions read, "Christ came as a high priest of the good things that are to come." +* "on those who were prisoners" (10:34). Some older versions read, "of me in my chains." +* "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were killed with the sword" (11:37). Some older versions read, "They were stoned. They were sawn in two. They were tempted. They were killed with the sword." +* "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned" (12:20). Some older versions read, "If even an animal touches the mountain, it must be stoned or shot with an arrow." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/heb/span.md b/heb/span.md index 625930607..ae687048d 100644 --- a/heb/span.md +++ b/heb/span.md @@ -1,38 +1,38 @@ -Old version of [heb\02\07.md](../../v11/heb/02/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../heb/02/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../heb/02/08.md) +Old version of [zep\02\07.md](../../v11/zep/02/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/02/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) -Old version of [heb\02\13.md](../../v11/heb/02/13.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../heb/02/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../heb/02/14.md) +Old version of [zep\02\13.md](../../v11/zep/02/13.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/02/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/02/14.md) -Old version of [heb\07\01.md](../../v11/heb/07/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../heb/07/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../heb/07/02.md) +Old version of [zep\07\01.md](../../v11/zep/07/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/07/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/07/02.md) -Old version of [heb\07\07.md](../../v11/heb/07/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../heb/07/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../heb/07/10.md) +Old version of [zep\07\07.md](../../v11/zep/07/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/07/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/07/10.md) -Old version of [heb\10\17.md](../../v11/heb/10/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../heb/10/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../heb/10/18.md) +Old version of [zep\10\17.md](../../v11/zep/10/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/10/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/10/18.md) -Old version of [heb\11\32.md](../../v11/heb/11/32.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../heb/11/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../heb/11/34.md) +Old version of [zep\11\32.md](../../v11/zep/11/32.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/11/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/11/34.md) -Old version of [heb\11\35.md](../../v11/heb/11/35.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 35](../heb/11/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../heb/11/36.md) -* [Verse: 37](../heb/11/37.md) +Old version of [zep\11\35.md](../../v11/zep/11/35.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 35](../zep/11/35.md) +* [Verse: 36](../zep/11/36.md) +* [Verse: 37](../zep/11/37.md) -Old version of [heb\12\04.md](../../v11/heb/12/04.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../heb/12/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../heb/12/06.md) +Old version of [zep\12\04.md](../../v11/zep/12/04.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/12/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/12/06.md) -Old version of [heb\12\12.md](../../v11/heb/12/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../heb/12/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../heb/12/13.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\12\12.md](../../v11/zep/12/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/12/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/12/13.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/hos/01/intro.md b/hos/01/intro.md index c69c5691f..e22fcb5fa 100644 --- a/hos/01/intro.md +++ b/hos/01/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### Hosea's marriage ##### God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) -Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband and broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/hos/05/intro.md b/hos/05/intro.md index b4734d825..5eec7aabb 100644 --- a/hos/05/intro.md +++ b/hos/05/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the north #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) +This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/hos/07/intro.md b/hos/07/intro.md index dbb7578eb..7ea3916c7 100644 --- a/hos/07/intro.md +++ b/hos/07/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/hos/09/intro.md b/hos/09/intro.md index 93392d616..61ea08f01 100644 --- a/hos/09/intro.md +++ b/hos/09/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The chapter is written in poetic form to speak of Yahweh's displeasure with Israel's sins. He is showing the many ways in which they do not honor him. The priests and kings do not understand how they have totally broken their covenant with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +The chapter is written in poetic form to speak of Yahweh's displeasure with Israel's sins. He is showing the many ways in which they do not honor him. The priests and kings do not understand how they have totally broken their covenant with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/hos/11/intro.md b/hos/11/intro.md index d6e21763e..240f051cd 100644 --- a/hos/11/intro.md +++ b/hos/11/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relat ##### Metaphor ##### This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -== Rhetorical question== +##### Rhetorical question ##### Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/hos/13/intro.md b/hos/13/intro.md index 2b167aa64..6967a11d1 100644 --- a/hos/13/intro.md +++ b/hos/13/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This chapter makes it clear that the northern kingdom is going to be nearly deci #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -== Rhetorical question== +##### Rhetorical question ##### Hosea uses rhetorical questions throughout this chapter. They are not questions requesting information but rather questions indicating some emotion like anger or dissatisfaction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/hos/14/intro.md b/hos/14/intro.md index fb9b17b6f..9bc2c589d 100644 --- a/hos/14/intro.md +++ b/hos/14/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) diff --git a/hos/front/intro.md b/hos/front/intro.md index 25b39ef71..d45d46080 100644 --- a/hos/front/intro.md +++ b/hos/front/intro.md @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Although this book tells what Hosea prophesied, it is uncertain whether Hosea wr #### Why did God command Hosea to marry a prostitute? #### -God told Hosea to marry the prostitute Gomer. This represented how the kingdom of Israel related to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. This is compared to a woman who is unfaithful to her husband and breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +God told Hosea to marry the prostitute Gomer. This represented how the kingdom of Israel related to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. This is compared to a woman who is unfaithful to her husband breaks her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) #### What is a lawsuit? #### @@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ Hosea 4–14 has many problems of interpretation. Some phrases in Hosea are beyo #### What does the term "Israel" mean in Hosea? #### -In Hosea, "Israel" is used only to refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used to refer to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]]) \ No newline at end of file +In Hosea, "Israel" is used only to refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. It is not used to refer to the southern kingdom or to the two kingdoms together. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]]) diff --git a/hos/span.md b/hos/span.md index b0526ddaa..b970ca886 100644 --- a/hos/span.md +++ b/hos/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [hos\11\10.md](../../v11/hos/11/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../hos/11/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../hos/11/11.md) +Old version of [zep\11\10.md](../../v11/zep/11/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/11/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/11/11.md) -Old version of [hos\13\07.md](../../v11/hos/13/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../hos/13/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../hos/13/08.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\13\07.md](../../v11/zep/13/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/13/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/13/08.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/isa/01/intro.md b/isa/01/intro.md index 0382f61cb..c0efd8537 100644 --- a/isa/01/intro.md +++ b/isa/01/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Woe ##### -The prophecy of this chapter serves as a warning to the people of the kingdom of Judah. If they do not change their evil ways, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +The prophecy of this chapter serves as a warning to the people of the kingdom of Judah. If they do not change their evil ways, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/02/intro.md b/isa/02/intro.md index dd6d629ea..9561a52df 100644 --- a/isa/02/intro.md +++ b/isa/02/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Latter days ##### -This is probably a reference to the "last days." This makes parts of this prophecy reference events near the end of this world. Most scholars expect these prophecies to be fulfilled by Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This is probably a reference to the "last days." This makes parts of this prophecy reference events near the end of this world. Most scholars expect these prophecies to be fulfilled by Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ##### Idolatry ##### While the first prophecy of Isaiah concerned the lack of justice in Judah, this chapter focuses on the presence of idolatry in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) diff --git a/isa/04/intro.md b/isa/04/intro.md index 37ccb93ed..8cfe7d667 100644 --- a/isa/04/intro.md +++ b/isa/04/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### More women than men ##### -This chapter describes a time when there will be many more women than men in Judah. This is because so many of Judah's fighting men will have died before the exile. Those who come through this difficult time will be a holy remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) +This chapter describes a time when there will be many more women than men in Judah. This is because so many of Judah's fighting men will have died before the exile. Those who come through this difficult time will be a holy remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Branch of Yahweh ##### -Scholars are divided over the possible meaning of this metaphor. Some believe it is a reference to the messiah, while others believe it is a reference to the faithful remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +Scholars are divided over the possible meaning of this metaphor. Some believe it is a reference to the Messiah, while others believe it is a reference to the faithful remnant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/05/intro.md b/isa/05/intro.md index 947f0c4f2..a88ed00fa 100644 --- a/isa/05/intro.md +++ b/isa/05/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Woe ##### -This chapter presents a series of woes, or judgments against those who are spoken against. Most of these judgements are due to the lack of justice in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +This chapter presents a series of woes, or judgments against those who are spoken against. Most of these judgements are due to the lack of justice in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/06/intro.md b/isa/06/intro.md index 09fb17844..af07f5f37 100644 --- a/isa/06/intro.md +++ b/isa/06/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of This vision described in this chapter is probably a scene in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) ##### Isaiah's call ##### -This chapter record Isaiah's call to prophetic ministry. It recognizes the holiness of God and Isaiah recognizes his need for holiness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +This chapter record Isaiah's call to prophetic ministry. It recognizes the holiness of God and Isaiah recognizes his need for holiness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/07/intro.md b/isa/07/intro.md index 57a9e502f..5671c8588 100644 --- a/isa/07/intro.md +++ b/isa/07/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Young woman" ##### -Some translations choose to translate this as "virgin" and believe it is a reference to the messiah being born of a virgin woman. This is only one possible translation, therefore most translations have avoided forcing this specific connotation into the meaning of the term. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +Some translations choose to translate this as "virgin" and believe it is a reference to the Messiah being born of a virgin woman. This is only one possible translation, therefore most translations have avoided forcing this specific connotation into the meaning of the term. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/08/19.md b/isa/08/19.md index 66617223d..7eabffc7d 100644 --- a/isa/08/19.md +++ b/isa/08/19.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Isaiah is speaking. -# They will say to you, "Consult with the mediums and spiritists," those who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony! +# They will say to you, "Consult with the those who speak with the dead and with spirits," the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony! Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.'" or 2) "When they say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,' should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!" @@ -10,17 +10,9 @@ Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums The word "they" refers to those who do not trust Yahweh. The word "you" is plural and refers to those who trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -# Consult with the mediums and spiritists +# the ones who chirp and mutter incantations -"Ask the mediums and spiritists what you should do" - -# mediums and spiritists - -people who claim to speak with those who have died - -# those who chirp and mutter incantations - -The words "chirp" and "mutter" refer to the sounds mediums and spiritists made when trying to speak to dead people. AT: "those who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people" +The words "chirp" and "mutter" refer to the sounds mediums and spiritists made when trying to speak to dead people. AT: "they people who whisper and mutter their magic words to try and speak to dead people" # chirp diff --git a/isa/08/20.md b/isa/08/20.md index 3dcf015ac..540c4317e 100644 --- a/isa/08/20.md +++ b/isa/08/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# They will say to you, "Consult with the mediums and spiritists," those who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony! +# They will say to you, "Consult with the those who speak with the dead and with spirits," the ones who chirp and mutter incantations. But should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony! Other possible meanings are 1) "They will say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations. Should a people not consult their gods? They should consult the dead on behalf of the living for teaching and for testimony.'" or 2) "When they say to you, 'Consult with the mediums and spiritists, those who chirp and mutter incantations,' should a people not consult their God? Should they consult the dead on behalf of the living? To the law and to the testimony!" diff --git a/isa/09/intro.md b/isa/09/intro.md index 6f86cd798..dd0ed8a45 100644 --- a/isa/09/intro.md +++ b/isa/09/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This chapter begins with a prophecy that is a continuation of the prophecy concl #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Messiah ##### -The prophecy in 9:1-7 is about the coming messiah. Parts of this prophecy were fulfilled when he first came to earth. Other parts are to be fulfilled when he will return in glory to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +The prophecy in 9:1-7 is about the coming Messiah. Parts of this prophecy were fulfilled when he first came to earth. Other parts are to be fulfilled when he will return in glory to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/11/intro.md b/isa/11/intro.md index bc6707159..e1ace2d96 100644 --- a/isa/11/intro.md +++ b/isa/11/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Messiah ##### -The prophecies of this chapter focus on the coming messiah. Some of these prophecies concern the first coming of Jesus, while some reference a future day of restoration. The author transitions between these time periods without telling his reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +The prophecies of this chapter focus on the coming Messiah. Some of these prophecies concern the first coming of Jesus, while some reference a future day of restoration. The author transitions between these time periods without telling his reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/14/intro.md b/isa/14/intro.md index fbb8a2e3c..95264b0e0 100644 --- a/isa/14/intro.md +++ b/isa/14/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Satan ##### -It is believed that this chapter references Satan. It describes Satan as a star fallen from heaven. There are five important statements beginning with the words "I will" which appear to show the essence of Satan's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is believed that this chapter references Satan. It describes Satan as a star fallen from heaven. There are five important statements beginning with the words "I will" which appear to show the essence of Satan's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Babylon ##### This is the name of the kingdom that conquered Judah, but it is also the name representing Satan's kingdom in prophecies. They were not yet a world power when these words were spoken. It should be translated as "Babylon," but translators should be aware of its dual meaning. diff --git a/isa/17/intro.md b/isa/17/intro.md index 9e01db63d..79b906195 100644 --- a/isa/17/intro.md +++ b/isa/17/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines in 17:1-6, 9-14 farther to the right on the page than the #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Damascus ##### -This chapter prophesies destruction against the people of Damascus. Damascus was the capital of Aram. The people of Damascus worship gods other than Yahweh and have fought Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) +This chapter prophesies destruction against the people of Damascus. Damascus was the capital of Aram. The people of Damascus worship gods other than Yahweh and have fought Yahweh's people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/22/intro.md b/isa/22/intro.md index ff976121d..58903f345 100644 --- a/isa/22/intro.md +++ b/isa/22/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Repentance ##### -On this day of judgment, Judah should be repenting of their sin. Instead, they are celebrating it. Although Judah avoids Yahweh's punishment through the Assyrians, their punishment will still come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +On this day of judgment, Judah should be repenting of their sin. Instead, they are celebrating it. Although Judah avoids Yahweh's punishment through the Assyrians, their punishment will still come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/24/intro.md b/isa/24/intro.md index f2430b7bf..91cb53370 100644 --- a/isa/24/intro.md +++ b/isa/24/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The mention of an "everlasting covenant" in this chapter is probably not to a sp #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Reign of Yahweh ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/25/intro.md b/isa/25/intro.md index ee184c03c..100aa2702 100644 --- a/isa/25/intro.md +++ b/isa/25/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -This chapter shifts from being a prophecy against the nations to the personal praises of Isaiah. He praises Yahweh for the deliverance of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) +This chapter shifts from being a prophecy against the nations to the personal praises of Isaiah. He praises Yahweh for the deliverance of his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Reign of the Messiah ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/26/intro.md b/isa/26/intro.md index fef435e6f..ca8c92a94 100644 --- a/isa/26/intro.md +++ b/isa/26/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "That day" ##### -This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/27/intro.md b/isa/27/intro.md index b463948cc..0bca481e2 100644 --- a/isa/27/intro.md +++ b/isa/27/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This was an ancient type of dragon or serpent. It is possible that this is a ref #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "That day" ##### -This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator should not add explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/28/intro.md b/isa/28/intro.md index 4ca2d1c78..be9f6e95f 100644 --- a/isa/28/intro.md +++ b/isa/28/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ There are many metaphors used to describe Yahweh's punishment as well as the sin #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "That day" ##### -This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. This chapter pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/29/intro.md b/isa/29/intro.md index 08db41048..66956c0f1 100644 --- a/isa/29/intro.md +++ b/isa/29/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is another name for Jerusalem. It is an uncommon name. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Prophecies ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/30/intro.md b/isa/30/intro.md index 51734d2f6..6198882d4 100644 --- a/isa/30/intro.md +++ b/isa/30/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It present #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -== Negev== +##### Negev ##### This is an area between Egypt and Judah. The people would have had to travel though it in order to get to Egypt. No one really lived in this area and it was known to be very dangerous. ##### Trust ##### @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "That day" ##### -This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. The chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. The chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/31/intro.md b/isa/31/intro.md index b9db7c26c..354cee3b4 100644 --- a/isa/31/intro.md +++ b/isa/31/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. It also prophesies the destruction of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +This chapter continues the series of "woes" against specific nations. It presents judgments against the people of Ephraim and Judah when they desired to make an alliance with Egypt. It also prophesies the destruction of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The people were to trust in Yahweh. Only he could provide them with protection. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "That day" ##### -This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This is a common phrase in this section of Isaiah. This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ##### Israel ##### The use of the term "Israel" in this chapter is in reference to the northern kingdom of Israel exclusively. diff --git a/isa/32/intro.md b/isa/32/intro.md index 30af28d8b..fd644a481 100644 --- a/isa/32/intro.md +++ b/isa/32/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Reign of the Messiah ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/33/intro.md b/isa/33/intro.md index 888c5bd82..a36da3554 100644 --- a/isa/33/intro.md +++ b/isa/33/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -This chapter continues the series of "woes." It speaks against ungodly or evil people in general. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +This chapter continues the series of "woes." It speaks against ungodly or evil people in general. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/woe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/34/intro.md b/isa/34/intro.md index 1117ea833..b7c0b9f69 100644 --- a/isa/34/intro.md +++ b/isa/34/intro.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ There are many images used in this chapter which describe destruction. Here each ##### Prophecy ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/35/intro.md b/isa/35/intro.md index beb686e3e..4804ba895 100644 --- a/isa/35/intro.md +++ b/isa/35/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Reign of the Messiah ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/37/intro.md b/isa/37/intro.md index 21c2a743f..e3aec9d13 100644 --- a/isa/37/intro.md +++ b/isa/37/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Tearing clothes and putting on sackcloth ##### -This was a sign of great distress. While it is often accompanies repentance, in this chapter it is intended to show the king's anger at the blasphemy of the Assyrians when they spoke against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]]) +This was a sign of great distress. While it is often accompanies repentance, in this chapter it is intended to show the king's anger at the blasphemy of the Assyrians when they spoke against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]]) ##### Prayer ##### Hezekiah was different from the other kings because when he was threatened by Assyria, he went to Yahweh in prayer. He did not trust in his army or make an alliance with Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) diff --git a/isa/40/intro.md b/isa/40/intro.md index 2ef592dea..3605076f5 100644 --- a/isa/40/intro.md +++ b/isa/40/intro.md @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ It is common in many languages to use the feminine "she" to refer to a nation, r The phrase "received double" indicates that Jerusalem was punished more severely than the other nations. This is because they had the privilege of a special relationship to Yahweh and had more knowledge than the other nations. ##### Reign of Yahweh ##### -This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. It does not appear that this prophecy was fulfilled in the days of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This chapter appears to prophesy about a time of restoration when the Messiah will reign. It pictures a time of great peace and harmony in the world. The translator does not need to add an explanation, but should try to maintain the tense of the original text, as a future or uncompleted action. It does not appear that this prophecy was fulfilled in the days of Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/41/17.md b/isa/41/17.md index ead060865..917244824 100644 --- a/isa/41/17.md +++ b/isa/41/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,12 @@ # General Information: Yahweh speaks of people who are in extreme need as if they are extremely thirsty, and of his provision for them as if he caused water to appear in places where it normally would not appear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/pray]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forsaken]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/desert]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/water]] diff --git a/isa/41/21.md b/isa/41/21.md index f15a08a9c..fb8f6bf0e 100644 --- a/isa/41/21.md +++ b/isa/41/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,10 @@ # General Information: In these verses, Yahweh is mocking the people and their idols. He is challenging the idols to tell what will happen in the future, but he knows they cannot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/king]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jacob]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/declare]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] diff --git a/isa/42/intro.md b/isa/42/intro.md index e3cc913fa..71d5c24cb 100644 --- a/isa/42/intro.md +++ b/isa/42/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 42:1-4 is the first of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 42:1-4 is the first of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Servant ##### -Israel is called Yahweh's servant. The messiah is also called the servant of Yahweh. It is likely that the two different usages of the word "servant" are intended to contrast with one another. +Israel is called Yahweh's servant. The Messiah is also called the servant of Yahweh. It is likely that the two different usages of the word "servant" are intended to contrast with one another. ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/43/22.md b/isa/43/22.md index b890f97d7..4bf21eaef 100644 --- a/isa/43/22.md +++ b/isa/43/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,14 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jacob]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sheep]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/burntoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/honor]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sacrifice]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/burden]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/grainoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/incense]] diff --git a/isa/45/19.md b/isa/45/19.md index 47d8d2d3e..f9d5af605 100644 --- a/isa/45/19.md +++ b/isa/45/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues speaking. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jacob]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/vain]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/declare]] diff --git a/isa/46/08.md b/isa/46/08.md index 33499633e..964e7363a 100644 --- a/isa/46/08.md +++ b/isa/46/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues speaking to his people. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rebel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] diff --git a/isa/49/intro.md b/isa/49/intro.md index 89c652808..82fb885c8 100644 --- a/isa/49/intro.md +++ b/isa/49/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 49:1-6 is the second of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 49:1-6 is the second of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### A day of salvation ##### -It is unclear if this is a reference to the gospel proclaimed by the messiah or to the day of restoration of all things. The translator should not try to explain its reference to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +It is unclear if this is a reference to the gospel proclaimed by the Messiah or to the day of restoration of all things. The translator should not try to explain its reference to the reader. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/50/intro.md b/isa/50/intro.md index 2a1de0e39..46c666675 100644 --- a/isa/50/intro.md +++ b/isa/50/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +Many scholars believe that there are four songs or poems which Isaiah records about the Messiah. Isaiah 50:4-9 is the third of these songs. They are often called the "servant songs" because they focus on the Messiah being a servant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/52/intro.md b/isa/52/intro.md index 9af914140..5187ae533 100644 --- a/isa/52/intro.md +++ b/isa/52/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of The prophecies of this chapter occur after the exile in Babylon and are not in reference to the people contemporary to Isaiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) -There is an important teaching or prophecy about the messiah beginning in this chapter and continues through the next chapter. This prophesy begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +There is an important teaching or prophecy about the Messiah beginning in this chapter and continues through the next chapter. This prophesy begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the Messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/53/intro.md b/isa/53/intro.md index 4fbd43fb9..5f05d688a 100644 --- a/isa/53/intro.md +++ b/isa/53/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in this chapter. -In this chapter there is an important teaching or prophecy about the messiah and his life and ministry. It begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +In this chapter there is an important teaching or prophecy about the Messiah and his life and ministry. It begins in 52:13 and scholars usually note that it portrays the Messiah as a "suffering servant." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Atonement ##### -This chapter prophesies about the death of Christ for sin. Most scholars believe it teaches that Christ was a righteous man who died for the sins of mankind. This is usually referred to as the atonement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) +This chapter prophesies about the death of Christ for sin. Most scholars believe it teaches that Christ was a righteous man who died for the sins of mankind. This is usually referred to as the atonement. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/54/intro.md b/isa/54/intro.md index 4a6d3e1ee..e16d5aeb6 100644 --- a/isa/54/intro.md +++ b/isa/54/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's covenant faithfulness ##### -This chapter focuses on Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenants. It references several different covenant promises in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +This chapter focuses on Yahweh's faithfulness to fulfill his covenants. It references several different covenant promises in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/55/intro.md b/isa/55/intro.md index b21378212..2ebada1d4 100644 --- a/isa/55/intro.md +++ b/isa/55/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Gentiles ##### -Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/56/intro.md b/isa/56/intro.md index 39d6143a8..b73175460 100644 --- a/isa/56/intro.md +++ b/isa/56/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Gentiles ##### -Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Many scholars believe this chapter prophesies that Gentiles will be able to come to a saving faith in Yahweh. At this time, the Israelites believed that only an Israelite could be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/isa/61/04.md b/isa/61/04.md index d886f5051..f1c273f70 100644 --- a/isa/61/04.md +++ b/isa/61/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,12 @@ # General Information: Isaiah continues speaking using parallelisms in each line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/ruin]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/desolate]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/generation]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/foreigner]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/flock]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/vineyard]] diff --git a/isa/61/intro.md b/isa/61/intro.md index c60940d7e..8982f2b49 100644 --- a/isa/61/intro.md +++ b/isa/61/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The first part of this chapter is probably a prophecy about the coming Messiah a #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Restoration ##### -This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/62/intro.md b/isa/62/intro.md index 94205db81..609e5dbef 100644 --- a/isa/62/intro.md +++ b/isa/62/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Restoration ##### -This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) +This chapter prophesies concerning a future time of peace and restoration. It is unlikely to have been fulfilled in Isaiah's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/63/intro.md b/isa/63/intro.md index 076b453b4..b63b11472 100644 --- a/isa/63/intro.md +++ b/isa/63/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Imagery ##### -The imagery of judgment in this chapter is intended to be rather vivid. The translator should avoid euphemisms, if possible. Overall, this chapter prophesies a day of great judgment and God's wrath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wrath]]) +The imagery of judgment in this chapter is intended to be rather vivid. The translator should avoid euphemisms, if possible. Overall, this chapter prophesies a day of great judgment and God's wrath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wrath]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/64/intro.md b/isa/64/intro.md index bca4025d8..76b48b432 100644 --- a/isa/64/intro.md +++ b/isa/64/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Repentance ##### -This chapter records the repentance of the righteous remnant of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +This chapter records the repentance of the righteous remnant of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/65/intro.md b/isa/65/intro.md index bc11a8ed9..0b3d1bdd0 100644 --- a/isa/65/intro.md +++ b/isa/65/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This chapter is Yahweh's response to the repentance of the people. (See: [[rc:// #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Judgment and hope ##### -This chapter records that Yahweh's judgment on the people must come. Despite this, there is hope that in the end, Yahweh will make all things new and restore them to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +This chapter records that Yahweh's judgment on the people must come. Despite this, there is hope that in the end, Yahweh will make all things new and restore them to himself. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/66/intro.md b/isa/66/intro.md index c179b9dbd..85d89f159 100644 --- a/isa/66/intro.md +++ b/isa/66/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### In the end ##### -In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) +In the end, Yahweh will enact his perfect justice. This is the true hope of this world. The new heaven and the new earth are an important part of this. In the end, this will be the perfect creation of Yahweh and will last forever. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/isa/front/intro.md b/isa/front/intro.md index d280a45dc..cf4248999 100644 --- a/isa/front/intro.md +++ b/isa/front/intro.md @@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ Most of Isaiah's prophecies are in poetic form. Many prophets in Israel used poe Sometimes Isaiah's messages are hard to understand. He assumed his original hearers would know what he was talking about. But readers today do not always understand what he meant. However, Isaiah's basic messages are still clear to us today. These messages are about how God's people sinned against him, how he would punish them, and how he would eventually comfort and restore them. -Isaiah also speaks about the Servant of Yahweh, in four different poems that are today called the "Four Servant Songs." Christians understand these very clearly as prophecies about Jesus Christ, the Messiah. These "songs" are in Isaiah 42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-9; and 52:13-53:12. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) \ No newline at end of file +Isaiah also speaks about the Servant of Yahweh, in four different poems that are today called the "Four Servant Songs." Christians understand these very clearly as prophecies about Jesus Christ, the Messiah. These "songs" are in Isaiah 42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-9; and 52:13-53:12. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) diff --git a/isa/span.md b/isa/span.md index 79ee690c2..5ba3f9a46 100644 --- a/isa/span.md +++ b/isa/span.md @@ -1,171 +1,171 @@ -Old version of [isa\01\02.md](../../v11/isa/01/02.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../isa/01/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../isa/01/03.md) +Old version of [zep\01\02.md](../../v11/zep/01/02.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/01/03.md) -Old version of [isa\02\07.md](../../v11/isa/02/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../isa/02/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../isa/02/08.md) +Old version of [zep\02\07.md](../../v11/zep/02/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/02/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) -Old version of [isa\02\12.md](../../v11/isa/02/12.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../isa/02/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../isa/02/13.md) +Old version of [zep\02\12.md](../../v11/zep/02/12.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/02/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/02/13.md) -Old version of [isa\03\01.md](../../v11/isa/03/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../isa/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../isa/03/03.md) +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) -Old version of [isa\05\29.md](../../v11/isa/05/29.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../isa/05/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../isa/05/30.md) +Old version of [zep\05\29.md](../../v11/zep/05/29.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/05/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/05/30.md) -Old version of [isa\08\19.md](../../v11/isa/08/19.md) line number 5 has a 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[Verse: 7](../isa/60/07.md) +Old version of [zep\60\06.md](../../v11/zep/60/06.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/60/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/60/07.md) -Old version of [isa\61\06.md](../../v11/isa/61/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../isa/61/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../isa/61/07.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\61\06.md](../../v11/zep/61/06.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/61/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/61/07.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jas/01/intro.md b/jas/01/intro.md index 449d2251e..fc2c8b44c 100644 --- a/jas/01/intro.md +++ b/jas/01/intro.md @@ -2,27 +2,25 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -== Temptation and testing== -These two words have a lot of overlap in their meaning. The translator should be aware that there are some significant differences between the meaning of "temptation" here ([James 1:13](./12.md)) and God "testing" man ([Hebrews 11:17](../../heb/11/17.md)). +##### Testing and temptation ##### + +These two words occur together in ([James 1:12-13](./12.md)). Both words speak of a person who is able to choose between doing something good and doing something evil. The difference between them is important. God is testing the person and wants him to do what is good. Satan is tempting the person and wants him to do what is evil. ##### Crowns ##### -Crowns are a significant image used in Scripture. There are several Greek words translated as "crowns" in English. The crown referenced here is a type of reward. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) -##### Light ##### -Light is an important image used in Scripture. It is always used in a positive manner. +The crown that a man who passes the test receives is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -James uses many metaphors in this chapter. They help to give his instructions a gentle, pastoral tone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +James uses many metaphors in this chapter, and you will need to understand the material on the [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] page before you can translate them well. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "God is not tempted" ##### -This phrase can be difficult to understand in light of the fact that Jesus, true man and true God, was tempted in the wilderness. While Satan tried to tempt Jesus, he was not successful in persuading Jesus to sin. +##### "To the twelve tribes in the dispersion" ##### -##### "To the twelve tribes in dispersion" ##### -It appears the author wrote this letter to Christians, but he also uses this phrase, which is more typically understood in reference to Jews. There is uncertainty as to its meaning. Since the author gives many practical instructions for holy living, it is likely that he is referring to Jews who are also Christians. When this letter was written the church was exclusively made up of Jews. +It is not clear to whom James wrote this letter. He calls himself a servant of the Lord Jesus Christ, so he was probably writing to Christians. But he calls his readers "the twelve tribes in the dispersion," words which usually refer to Jews. It is possible that he is using the words as a metaphor for "all people whom God has chosen" or that he wrote the letter at a time when most Christians had grown up as Jews. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jas/02/intro.md b/jas/02/intro.md index 54ff27835..2085305d0 100644 --- a/jas/02/intro.md +++ b/jas/02/intro.md @@ -3,15 +3,23 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Favoritism ##### -It is wrong to show favoritism in the church. There were people who showed special favor (favoritism) towards rich and powerful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) + +Some of James's readers treated rich and powerful people well and treated poor people badly. This is called favoritism, and James tells them that this is wrong. God wants his people to treat both rich people and poor people well. ##### Justification ##### -Justification means "the process of declaring someone righteous." There are two types of justification. One is to be declared righteous in the opinion of God and one is to be declared righteous in the opinion of other people. A person is not justified according to God by their actions. Abraham was declared righteous according to God by his faith. He was declared righteous according to other people when his actions showed his faith, by being willing to offer up his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +Justification is what happens when God makes a person righteous. James says here that God makes righteous or justifies people whose faith works together with their good works. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Quotation marks ##### -There is some controversy regarding where to place the quotation marks in James 2:18. The ULB states "Yet someone will say, 'You have faith, and I have works.' Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works." It is also possible to translate this as "Yet someone will say, 'You have faith, and I have works. Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works.'" The length of this hypothetical statement can have significant theological implications. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +The words "Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works" are hard to understand. Some people think that they are what "someone may say," like the words in the quotation marks. Most versions translate them as words that James is saying back to that "someone." + +##### "You have ... I have" + +Some people think that the words "you" and "I" are metonyms for "some people" and "other people." If they are correct, verse 18 could be translated, "Someone may say, 'Some people have faith and other people have works. Not everyone has both.'" If the next sentence is also what "someone may say," it could be translated "Some people show their faith without works, and other people show their faith by their works. Both have faith." In both cases, the reader will understand only if you add the extra sentence. It is probably best to translate as the ULB does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + ## Links: ## * __[James 02:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/jas/03/intro.md b/jas/03/intro.md index 71a0b8cb3..444516f96 100644 --- a/jas/03/intro.md +++ b/jas/03/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,8 @@ #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -The author uses many different metaphors to convict his readers and to encourage them to display godliness by the way they speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### Implicit information ##### -What a person says can reveal his spiritual state. This is because his speech can be heard by other people. If a person is unable to control his actions when he is seen by others, he will not be able to control his actions when no one is looking. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +James teaches his readers that they should live to please God by reminding them of things that they know from everyday life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jas/04/intro.md b/jas/04/intro.md index 0d2b957b1..786f9f71b 100644 --- a/jas/04/intro.md +++ b/jas/04/intro.md @@ -3,20 +3,24 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Adultery ##### -Adultery is a common metaphor in Scripture. It is always used negatively and indicates a child of God is acting in an ungodly manner. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) + +Writers in the Bible often speak of adultery as a metaphor for people who say they love God but do things that God hates. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) ##### Law ##### -It is unclear whether this is a reference to the law of Moses. It is probably a reference to the "law" of God in general. This is the general standard of righteousness based on the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +James probably uses this word in [James 4:11](./11.md) to refer to "the royal law" ([James 2:8](../02/08.md)), not to the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -James uses many rhetorical questions to teach his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +James asks many questions because he wants his readers to think about how they are living. He wants to correct and teach them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "The humble" ##### -This is probably not a reference to those who act humbly, but a reference to those who humble themselves and trust in Jesus for their salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +##### Humble ##### + +This word probably usually refers to people who are not proud. James uses the word here to refer to people who are not proud and who also trust in Jesus and obey him. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jas/05/intro.md b/jas/05/intro.md index 3b66b1533..9752cfe0c 100644 --- a/jas/05/intro.md +++ b/jas/05/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Scholars are divided over whether this passage teaches all oaths are wrong. Most This story will be difficult to understand if the books of 1 and 2 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles have not yet been translated. ##### "Save his soul from death" ##### -This probably teaches that the person who stops their sinful lifestyle will not be punished with physical death as a consequence of their sin. On the other hand, some scholars believe this passage teaches about eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +This probably teaches that the person who stops their sinful lifestyle will not be punished with physical death as a consequence of their sin. On the other hand, some scholars believe this passage teaches about eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jas/front/intro.md b/jas/front/intro.md index 8448818ac..2865f7612 100644 --- a/jas/front/intro.md +++ b/jas/front/intro.md @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "James." Or t #### Did James disagree with Paul about how a person is justified before God? #### -Paul taught in Romans that Christians are justified by faith and not by works. James seems to teach that Christians are justified by works. This can be confusing. But a better understanding of what Paul and James taught shows that they agree with one another. Both of them taught that a person needs faith in order to be justified. And they both taught that true faith will cause a person to do good works. Paul and James taught about these things in different ways because they had different audiences who needed to know different things about being justified. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) +Paul taught in Romans that Christians are justified by faith and not by works. James seems to teach that Christians are justified by works. This can be confusing. But a better understanding of what Paul and James taught shows that they agree with one another. Both of them taught that a person needs faith in order to be justified. And they both taught that true faith will cause a person to do good works. Paul and James taught about these things in different ways because they had different audiences who needed to know different things about being justified. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## @@ -58,8 +58,6 @@ The letter quickly changes topics. Sometimes James does not tell the readers tha #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of James? #### -The following is the most significant textual issue in the Book of James: +* "Do you want to know, foolish man, that faith without works is useless?" (2:20). The ULB, UDB, and modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "Do you want to know, foolish man, that faith without works is dead?" If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "Do you want to know, foolish man, that faith without works is useless?" (2:20). The ULB, UDB, and modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "Do you want to know, foolish man, that faith without works is dead?" - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/jas/span.md b/jas/span.md index 99952a356..9a3683c1e 100644 --- a/jas/span.md +++ b/jas/span.md @@ -1,21 +1,21 @@ -Old version of [jas\04\06.md](../../v11/jas/04/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../jas/04/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../jas/04/07.md) +Old version of [zep\04\06.md](../../v11/zep/04/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/04/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/04/07.md) -Old version of [jas\05\01.md](../../v11/jas/05/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../jas/05/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../jas/05/03.md) +Old version of [zep\05\01.md](../../v11/zep/05/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/05/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) -Old version of [jas\05\01.md](../../v11/jas/05/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../jas/05/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../jas/05/03.md) +Old version of [zep\05\01.md](../../v11/zep/05/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/05/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) -Old version of [jas\05\01.md](../../v11/jas/05/01.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../jas/05/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../jas/05/03.md) +Old version of [zep\05\01.md](../../v11/zep/05/01.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/05/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) -Old version of [jas\05\04.md](../../v11/jas/05/04.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../jas/05/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../jas/05/06.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\05\04.md](../../v11/zep/05/04.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/05/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/05/06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jdg/05/22.md b/jdg/05/22.md index 6ba6faf72..0fedf596c 100644 --- a/jdg/05/22.md +++ b/jdg/05/22.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. AT: "Then # galloping -running quickly +runninb quickly diff --git a/jdg/09/04.md b/jdg/09/04.md index d69e61a68..93ebca4ef 100644 --- a/jdg/09/04.md +++ b/jdg/09/04.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This means seventy shekels of silver. A shekel weighs 11 grams. If it is necessa This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in [Judges 8:33](../08/33.md). -# lawless and reckless +# worthless and reckless "violent and foolish" diff --git a/jdg/09/07.md b/jdg/09/07.md index 3a8195f64..87e35fe83 100644 --- a/jdg/09/07.md +++ b/jdg/09/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Jotham begins telling a parable where trees represent various people groups. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) # When Jotham was told about this diff --git a/jdg/09/09.md b/jdg/09/09.md index f641c0a70..b01a8572e 100644 --- a/jdg/09/09.md +++ b/jdg/09/09.md @@ -1,18 +1,30 @@ # General Information: -Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups. +Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](./07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites. # the olive tree said to them ... fig tree said to them In this parable, Jotham describes the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -# Should I give up my oil ... over the other trees? +# Should I give up my abundance ... over the other trees? -The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my oil ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +The olive tree is asking this question to refuse to be king. This question can be expressed as a statement. AT: "I will not give up my abundance ... over the other trees." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +# abundance + +This word for "wealth" is a metonym for the olives that come from the tree. People ate olives as food and crushed them to make oil for lamps. AT: "oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +# by which gods and men are honored + +This can be translated in active form. AT: "by which people honor both gods and other men" + +# gods + +It is possible to translate the same Hebrew word as "god," "God," or "gods," so possible meanings here are 1) "gods" or 2) "God." # sway over -To "sway over" means to move back and forth in the wind. Here the tree uses this phrase to means to "rule over." +To sway is to move back and forth. Trees sway when the wind blows them. Here this is a metaphor for ruling over people. Jotham is also using irony, saying that the work of any ruler will be useless because the "trees," the people, will not obey anyone who rules them. AT: "rule over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) # Should I give up my sweetness ... over the other trees? diff --git a/jdg/09/12.md b/jdg/09/12.md index 8702af1fe..d1b2c7600 100644 --- a/jdg/09/12.md +++ b/jdg/09/12.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups. +Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in [Judges 9:7](./07.md), where the trees represent the Israelites. # The trees said to the vine diff --git a/jdg/11/03.md b/jdg/11/03.md index 0448878ef..c2ab14626 100644 --- a/jdg/11/03.md +++ b/jdg/11/03.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) -# they came and went with him +# they traveled with him "they followed him" or "they went everywhere together" diff --git a/jdg/11/39.md b/jdg/11/39.md index e69de29bb..693fa436f 100644 --- a/jdg/11/39.md +++ b/jdg/11/39.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# had never known a man + +This is a euphemism. AT: "had never had sexual relations with a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/jdg/21/11.md b/jdg/21/11.md index fc7d98fe2..e69de29bb 100644 --- a/jdg/21/11.md +++ b/jdg/21/11.md @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# slept with a man - -This is a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) - diff --git a/jdg/21/12.md b/jdg/21/12.md index ca34bddee..d374d2de6 100644 --- a/jdg/21/12.md +++ b/jdg/21/12.md @@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in [Judges 21:8](./08.md "400 young women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +# who had not known a man by lying with him + +This is a euphemism. AT: "who had not had sexual relations with a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/jdg/21/intro.md b/jdg/21/intro.md index e25abab6d..321708848 100644 --- a/jdg/21/intro.md +++ b/jdg/21/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter concludes the account of the previous chapter. ##### Sin and immorality ##### -At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, "everyone did what was right in his own eyes." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +At the end of Judges, there is much sin and immorality. The people are doing wrong and fixing their wrongs by doing more evil things. This period of Judges is typified by this final account and summarized by the statement, "everyone did what was right in his own eyes." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jdg/front/intro.md b/jdg/front/intro.md index 2cc534774..f223fa2b6 100644 --- a/jdg/front/intro.md +++ b/jdg/front/intro.md @@ -54,4 +54,4 @@ The translation of these phrases should imply to the reader that the book's writ #### What is the meaning of the phrase "to this day"? #### -The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12. \ No newline at end of file +The narrator used this phrase to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that "to this day" refers to a time already passed. The translator must avoid giving the impression that the present day of the translation's readers is meant. The translator might decide to say, "to this day, at the time when this is being written," or, "to this day, at the time of writing." This Hebrew phrase occurs in Judges 1:21, 26; 6:24; 10:4; 15:19; 18:12. diff --git a/jdg/span.md b/jdg/span.md index 37c8da506..2050d0d91 100644 --- a/jdg/span.md +++ b/jdg/span.md @@ -1,46 +1,46 @@ -Old version of [jdg\01\14.md](../../v11/jdg/01/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../jdg/01/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../jdg/01/15.md) +Old version of [zep\01\14.md](../../v11/zep/01/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/01/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/01/15.md) -Old version of [jdg\02\06.md](../../v11/jdg/02/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../jdg/02/06.md) -* [Verse: 8](../jdg/02/08.md) +Old version of [zep\02\06.md](../../v11/zep/02/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/02/06.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) -Old version of [jdg\08\15.md](../../v11/jdg/08/15.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../jdg/08/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../jdg/08/17.md) +Old version of [zep\08\15.md](../../v11/zep/08/15.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/08/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/08/17.md) -Old version of [jdg\09\09.md](../../v11/jdg/09/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../jdg/09/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../jdg/09/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../jdg/09/11.md) +Old version of [zep\09\09.md](../../v11/zep/09/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/09/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/09/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/09/11.md) -Old version of [jdg\09\09.md](../../v11/jdg/09/09.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../jdg/09/09.md) -* [Verse: 11](../jdg/09/11.md) +Old version of [zep\09\09.md](../../v11/zep/09/09.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/09/09.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/09/11.md) -Old version of [jdg\09\22.md](../../v11/jdg/09/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../jdg/09/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../jdg/09/24.md) +Old version of [zep\09\22.md](../../v11/zep/09/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 23](../zep/09/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/09/24.md) -Old version of [jdg\10\10.md](../../v11/jdg/10/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../jdg/10/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../jdg/10/12.md) +Old version of [zep\10\10.md](../../v11/zep/10/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/10/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/10/12.md) -Old version of [jdg\11\19.md](../../v11/jdg/11/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../jdg/11/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../jdg/11/20.md) +Old version of [zep\11\19.md](../../v11/zep/11/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/11/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/11/20.md) -Old version of [jdg\11\32.md](../../v11/jdg/11/32.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../jdg/11/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../jdg/11/33.md) +Old version of [zep\11\32.md](../../v11/zep/11/32.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 32](../zep/11/32.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/11/33.md) -Old version of [jdg\12\13.md](../../v11/jdg/12/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../jdg/12/13.md) -* [Verse: 15](../jdg/12/15.md) +Old version of [zep\12\13.md](../../v11/zep/12/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/12/13.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/12/15.md) -Old version of [jdg\20\27.md](../../v11/jdg/20/27.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../jdg/20/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../jdg/20/28.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\20\27.md](../../v11/zep/20/27.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 27](../zep/20/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/20/28.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jer/01/intro.md b/jer/01/intro.md index bb734a3dc..19a994660 100644 --- a/jer/01/intro.md +++ b/jer/01/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### Jeremiah appointed as prophet ##### -God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +God chose Jeremiah to be his prophet and although many powerful people would be against him, God promised to protect him. This chapter emphasizes that Jeremiah was chosen by God to be his prophet. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ##### Northern kingdom ##### This was not a reference to the northern kingdom of Israel; it had already been conquered. It was a reference to a kingdom located north of Judah, that is, to Babylon. The Babylonian armies would attack Judah and conquer it. diff --git a/jer/05/intro.md b/jer/05/intro.md index 34061d835..026a94675 100644 --- a/jer/05/intro.md +++ b/jer/05/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Hyperbole ##### -It is possible that Yahweh is using the word "a" (meaning "even one") as hyperbole when he states, "If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem." The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +It is possible that Yahweh is using the word "a" (meaning "even one") as hyperbole when he states, "If you can find a man or anyone who is acting justly and trying to act faithfully, then I will forgive Jerusalem." The purpose of this is to show how evil Jerusalem had become. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) ##### Rhetorical questions ##### Yahweh asks several rhetorical questions in this chapter. This is intended to show Jeremiah the justness of his actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/jer/07/intro.md b/jer/07/intro.md index 77ede23a2..73973b07b 100644 --- a/jer/07/intro.md +++ b/jer/07/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULB and many other English #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Justice in society ##### -Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) +Jeremiah commanded the people of Jerusalem to live justly. Without justice, they did not truly have faith in Yahweh. Without this faith in Yahweh, the temple and its rituals were useless. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/jer/09/intro.md b/jer/09/intro.md index 437db9756..724238b33 100644 --- a/jer/09/intro.md +++ b/jer/09/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The prophecy revealed to Jeremiah is recorded in 8:5-9:12. Despite covering more This chapter pictures Jerusalem as having a funeral with its typical songs. This is an image used to describe their destruction. It is a time of great sadness. ##### Circumcision ##### -Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don't. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Circumcision is used here in an unusual way. Since circumcision was intended to be a display of faith, the author uses the term to differentiate between those who have faith in Yahweh and those who don't. This is a type of metaphor. Those who have a circumcised heart have faith in Yahweh while those with an uncircumcised heart do not have faith in Yahweh, regardless of whether they are physically circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/14/intro.md b/jer/14/intro.md index 3ef9dccb9..6a700e303 100644 --- a/jer/14/intro.md +++ b/jer/14/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### False prophets ##### -The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +The false prophets promised there would not be any war or drought. They gave people a false sense of hope, when they needed to repent. Because of this, Yahweh sent a drought and said that the false prophets would die of drought and war. This showed that these were not true prophets of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/18/04.md b/jer/18/04.md index e42cdcacc..82d852c3f 100644 --- a/jer/18/04.md +++ b/jer/18/04.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ -# the object of clay that he was molding was ruined in his hand +# the pot he was making from the clay was spoiled in the potter's hand -The word "ruined" means that the object had some kind of imperfection in it. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the object of clay that he was molding with his hands was not good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The word "spoiled" means that something about the pot made the potter unhappy. This can be stated in active form. AT: "the pot that the potter was making with his hands was not good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# was molding +# was making "was forming" or "was shaping" -# so he changed his mind +# he returned the clay and formed it into another pot -This idiom means to decide to do something else. AT: "so he made a different choice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +He stopped making the pot, crushed the clay back into a lump, and then used that lump of clay to make another pot. -# that seemed good in his eyes to do +# that was pleasing in his eyes -Here the word "eyes" represents sight and sight represents one's opinion. AT: "as he thought best to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here the word "eyes" represents sight and sight represents one's opinion. AT: "that he thought was good" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/jer/22/intro.md b/jer/22/intro.md index c36393774..c0b6c221b 100644 --- a/jer/22/intro.md +++ b/jer/22/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### Luxury and oppression ##### -Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +Because the king lived in luxury and oppressed the poor, God was sending him and his mother into captivity unless he repented. The king lacked justice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/26/intro.md b/jer/26/intro.md index bb4981fdb..6d4a8cd57 100644 --- a/jer/26/intro.md +++ b/jer/26/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### The people want to kill Jeremiah ##### -The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) +The people wanted to kill Jeremiah but other people intervened and said that they should listen to Jeremiah and repent. They represent the remnant of the faithful Jews. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/29/intro.md b/jer/29/intro.md index eb81d01f8..df845add8 100644 --- a/jer/29/intro.md +++ b/jer/29/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Two letters ##### -Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +Jeremiah sent a letter to Babylon telling the exiles to prepare for a long stay. A false prophet in Babylon wrote back to the chief priest telling him to punish Jeremiah. Even though Jeremiah had prophesied the exile, the Jews still did not believe him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/30/intro.md b/jer/30/intro.md index 494590b26..6d64655a1 100644 --- a/jer/30/intro.md +++ b/jer/30/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of ##### God promises restoration ##### -Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +Despite the prophesied punishment in this chapter, Yahweh promises to restore Judah. In addition to this, he also declares that he will ultimately restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### The author uses the term "Israel" in two different ways. He uses it in reference to the nation of Israel. He also uses it in reference to the people who used to inhabit the northern kingdom of Israel, namely the people group of Israel. diff --git a/jer/31/intro.md b/jer/31/intro.md index b89e0f2bb..e0a027234 100644 --- a/jer/31/intro.md +++ b/jer/31/intro.md @@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ The ULB sets 31:29 farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text be This chapter begins with a transition from the previous chapter. "At that time" is a reference to the day of restoration mentioned in [Jeremiah 30:24](../30/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### The New Covenant ##### +##### The new covenant ##### -This chapter is an important teaching regarding the New Covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +This chapter is an important teaching regarding the new covenant. God will make a new covenant that will bring forgiveness of sins and a desire to obey God. Scholars disagree about whether this new covenant has begun. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/jer/32/intro.md b/jer/32/intro.md index 4efb930db..21d3dd36c 100644 --- a/jer/32/intro.md +++ b/jer/32/intro.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ # Jeremiah 32 General Notes # #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +The king should have listened to the prophet Jeremiah and repented of his sin. Instead, he objected to his message. Yahweh punished him because of this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Israel ##### diff --git a/jer/33/intro.md b/jer/33/intro.md index c082ce3b0..a64501779 100644 --- a/jer/33/intro.md +++ b/jer/33/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### ##### Covenant faithfulness ##### -Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) +Despite the great punishment Judah is facing and Israel has undergone, there is hope. This hope is based in the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh. Ultimately, he will restore his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/34/10.md b/jer/34/10.md index 500a345fe..a30366e3b 100644 --- a/jer/34/10.md +++ b/jer/34/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # Connecting Statement: Jeremiah continues giving the background information that began in [Jeremiah 34:8](./08.md). +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/obey]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/send]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/mind]] diff --git a/jer/34/intro.md b/jer/34/intro.md index 52a64ccf7..9466ac3f1 100644 --- a/jer/34/intro.md +++ b/jer/34/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ According to the law of Moses, the people were required to free their indebted s ##### Actions with cultural meaning ##### -When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +When the people of Israel made a sacred promise to God, they cut a calf in two and passed between its parts. It was a very serious sin not to do what one had promised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/37/intro.md b/jer/37/intro.md index 5a0faad0f..dd0955f0e 100644 --- a/jer/37/intro.md +++ b/jer/37/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Ironic situation ##### -Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, "Is there any word from Yahweh?" This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God's original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/wordofgod]]) +Jeremiah was thrown into prison and beaten for prophesying the word of God. Then the king asked him, "Is there any word from Yahweh?" This is a type of irony. The king simply did not agree with God's original word. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/46/intro.md b/jer/46/intro.md index 36e1d6d8b..dcb750d96 100644 --- a/jer/46/intro.md +++ b/jer/46/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This begins a section where Jeremiah prophesies about other nations. (See: [[rc: #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Justice ##### -Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh's punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) +Much of Jeremiah is concerned with Yahweh's punishment of Judah. Yahweh used Egypt to punish Judah. Because Yahweh is just, he is going to punish Egypt for their evil deeds as well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/jer/49/intro.md b/jer/49/intro.md index 99647fee2..131025064 100644 --- a/jer/49/intro.md +++ b/jer/49/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Jeremiah's prophesies about other nations conclude in this chapter. (See: [[rc:/ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Covenant with Abraham ##### -Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) +Ammon is destroyed because it drove the people of the tribe of Gad from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical questions ##### diff --git a/jer/51/intro.md b/jer/51/intro.md index 3e6c33fef..9ba4d4783 100644 --- a/jer/51/intro.md +++ b/jer/51/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The prophesied destruction of Babylon continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en Babylon will be conquered and the Jews will return to their homeland. At this time, Babylon controlled almost the entire Near East. The fulfillment of this prophecy would have been unthinkable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]]) ##### Covenant with Abraham ##### -Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) +Babylon is destroyed because it drove the people of Judah from their homeland. This is in line with the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham to curse those who curse Abraham's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jer/front/intro.md b/jer/front/intro.md index 2e69c8d7c..ee93894b2 100644 --- a/jer/front/intro.md +++ b/jer/front/intro.md @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Jeremiah was a priest and a prophet living in Judah. He spoke the prophesies in ## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts ## -#### What is the New Covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? #### +#### What is the new covenant that is presented in the Book of Jeremiah? #### Jeremiah introduced a "new covenant" between Yahweh and Israel (chapter 31). Yahweh would "write this covenant on the hearts" of the people. This means that the covenant would be a part of the people instead of just written on stone or paper. The people would obey the new covenant with all their heart. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) @@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ Many of the events in the Book of Jeremiah are not told in the order that they a #### Why does the Book of Jeremiah refer to this prophet as "he" or "him"? #### -Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as "Jeremiah" or "he." This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah's secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. Translators should keep the words "Jeremiah" and "he." \ No newline at end of file +Many times in the book, the author refers to Jeremiah as "Jeremiah" or "he." This is unusual if Jeremiah wrote the book. The reason this occurs is perhaps because Baruch, Jeremiah's secretary, wrote down some parts of the book. 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has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/04/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) + +Old version of [zep\06\16.md](../../v11/zep/06/16.md) line number 41 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/06/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/06/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\07\01.md](../../v11/zep/07/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/07/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/07/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\08\04.md](../../v11/zep/08/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/08/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/08/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\11\01.md](../../v11/zep/11/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/11/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/11/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\12\07.md](../../v11/zep/12/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/12/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/12/08.md) + +Old version of [zep\14\07.md](../../v11/zep/14/07.md) 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+* [Verse: 4](../zep/24/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/24/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\24\08.md](../../v11/zep/24/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/24/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/24/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\26\22.md](../../v11/zep/26/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/26/22.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/26/24.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\01.md](../../v11/zep/27/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/27/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/27/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\27\05.md](../../v11/zep/27/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/27/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/27/06.md) + +Old version of [zep\28\12.md](../../v11/zep/28/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/28/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/28/13.md) + +Old version of [zep\28\12.md](../../v11/zep/28/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that 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+Old version of [zep\41\11.md](../../v11/zep/41/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/41/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/41/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\43\08.md](../../v11/zep/43/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/43/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/43/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\43\08.md](../../v11/zep/43/08.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/43/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/43/10.md) + +Old version of [zep\44\24.md](../../v11/zep/44/24.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/44/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/44/25.md) + +Old version of [zep\47\05.md](../../v11/zep/47/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/47/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/47/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\47\05.md](../../v11/zep/47/05.md) line number 45 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/47/05.md) +* [Verse: 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[Verse: 58](../zep/51/58.md) + +Old version of [zep\52\28.md](../../v11/zep/52/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/52/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/52/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/52/30.md) + +Old version of [zep\52\28.md](../../v11/zep/52/28.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/52/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/52/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/52/30.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jhn/01/intro.md b/jhn/01/intro.md index 5735dfbdf..9b3ceb915 100644 --- a/jhn/01/intro.md +++ b/jhn/01/intro.md @@ -2,31 +2,37 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:23, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:23, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "The Word" ##### -This is a unique construction used to reference Jesus. He is the "Word of God" embodied in flesh and the final revelation of God himself on earth. Although this can appear to be a complex teaching, it is rather simple: Jesus is God, the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/wordofgod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) -##### Light and Darkness ##### -These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +John uses the phrase "the Word" to refer to Jesus ([John 1:1, 14](./01.md)). John is saying that God's most important message to all people is actually Jesus, a person with a physical body. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]]) + +##### Light and darkness ##### + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### "Children of God" ##### + When people believes in Jesus, they go from being "children of wrath" to "children of God." They are adopted into the "family of God."They are adopted into the "family of God." This is an important image that will be unfolded in the New Testament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphors ##### -Although the other gospel accounts frequently contain metaphors in the teachings of Jesus and in prophecy, the first chapter of this gospel uses metaphors in interpreting the meaning of the life of Jesus. Because of these metaphors, the reader can see that this gospel is going to be a more in-depth theological understanding of the life of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +John uses the metaphors of light and darkness and of the Word to tell the reader that he will be writing more about good and evil and about what God wants to tell people through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "In the beginning was the word" ##### -The first part of this chapter follows a logical and almost poetic pattern, which will be difficult to duplicate in translation. +##### "In the beginning" ##### + +Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But "very long ago" is different from "in the beginning," and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly. ##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 1:51](./49.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/02/intro.md b/jhn/02/intro.md index ce90010aa..ecd997b20 100644 --- a/jhn/02/intro.md +++ b/jhn/02/intro.md @@ -3,18 +3,22 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Wine ##### -It was customary for wine to be used during times of celebration. It was not considered immoral to drink wine. + +The Jews drank wine at many meals and especially when they were celebrating special events. They did not believe that it was a sin to drink wine. ##### Driving out the money changers ##### -This is the first account of Jesus driving the money changers out of the temple. This event showed the authority Jesus had over the temple and over all of Israel. -##### "He knew what was in them" ##### -John knows that it is possible for Jesus to have this type of knowledge only because Jesus is God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus drove the money changers out of the temple to show that he had authority over the temple and over all of Israel. + +##### "He knew what was in man" ##### + +Jesus knew what other people were thinking only because he was and is the Son of Man and the Son of God. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "His disciples remembered" ##### -This phrase is used as a commentary on the events that occur in this chapter. These comments are not known at the time when the events occur, but are already known when the book was written. Translators may choose to use parentheses to set apart the author's explanation or commentary on past events. + +John used this phrase to stop telling the main history and to tell about something that happened much later. It was right after he scolded the pigeon sellers ([John 2:16](./15.md)) that the Jewish authorities spoke to him. It was after Jesus became alive again that his disciples remembered what the prophet had written long before and that Jesus was talking about the temple of his body ([John 2:17](./17.md) and [John 2:22](./20.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/03/10.md b/jhn/03/10.md index e2108d4b0..0d38200a9 100644 --- a/jhn/03/10.md +++ b/jhn/03/10.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand ... I say to you ... you do not accept our testimony + +In the first three places "you" is singular and refers to Nicodemus. The last "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you) + # Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things? This question adds emphasis to the statement. AT: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/jhn/03/11.md b/jhn/03/11.md index 8a56f90a5..857b2b0ac 100644 --- a/jhn/03/11.md +++ b/jhn/03/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand ... I say to you ... you do not accept our testimony + +In the first three places "you" is singular and refers to Nicodemus. The last "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you) + # Truly, truly See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md). diff --git a/jhn/03/12.md b/jhn/03/12.md index 1c9decdef..626603670 100644 --- a/jhn/03/12.md +++ b/jhn/03/12.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ Jesus continues responding to Nicodemus. +# I told you ... you do not believe ... how will you believe if I tell you + +In all three places "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + # how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things? -This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus. AT: "you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) - -# how will you believe if I tell you - -In both places "you" is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus and the Jews. AT: "you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # heavenly things diff --git a/jhn/03/intro.md b/jhn/03/intro.md index 9d7fac7d4..a2001b65e 100644 --- a/jhn/03/intro.md +++ b/jhn/03/intro.md @@ -3,16 +3,14 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Light and darkness ##### -These are common images in the New Testament. Light is used here to indicate the revelation of God and his righteousness. Darkness describes sin, and sin seeks to remain hidden from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) -##### "We know that you are a teacher come from God" ##### -Although this appears to be a display of faith, it is not. This is because believing Jesus is "only a teacher" shows a lack of awareness of who he truly is. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 3:13](./09.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/04/23.md b/jhn/04/23.md index ba4cf8464..1512b7f0a 100644 --- a/jhn/04/23.md +++ b/jhn/04/23.md @@ -10,3 +10,11 @@ Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) +# in spirit and truth + +Possible meanings are the "spirit" here is 1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or 2) the Holy Spirit. AT: "in the Spirit and in truth" or "with the Spirit's help and in truth" + +# in ... truth + +thinking correctly of what is true about God + diff --git a/jhn/04/24.md b/jhn/04/24.md index ba4807aae..e69de29bb 100644 --- a/jhn/04/24.md +++ b/jhn/04/24.md @@ -1,4 +0,0 @@ -# worship in spirit and truth - -"worship him in the right way" - diff --git a/jhn/04/intro.md b/jhn/04/intro.md index 7075a86b8..f57e1814c 100644 --- a/jhn/04/intro.md +++ b/jhn/04/intro.md @@ -2,26 +2,35 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living water," providing eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living water" who gives eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria" ##### -Normally, the Jews would have avoided traveling through the region of Samaria. The Samaritans were viewed as ungodly people because they were descendants of the northern kingdom of Israel who intermarried with pagan peoples. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +Jews avoided traveling through the region of Samaria because the Samaritans were descendants of ungodly people. So Jesus had to do what most Jews did not want to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]]) + +##### "The hour is coming" ##### + +Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. "The hour" in which true worshipers will worship in spirit and truth is longer than sixty minutes. ##### The proper place of worship ##### -One of the greatest sins committed by the Samaritan people in history was that they set up a false temple in their territory to rival the temple in Jerusalem. This is the mountain the woman refers to in [John 4:20](./19.md). The Jews rightly demanded that all Israelites worship in Jerusalem because that was where Yahweh lived. Jesus explains that the location of the temple does not matter anymore. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +Long before Jesus lived, the Samaritan people had broken the law of Moses by setting up a false temple in their land ([John 4:20](./19.md)). Jesus explained to the woman that it was no longer important where people worshiped ([John 4:21-24](./21.md)). ##### Harvest ##### -The imagery of harvesting is used in this chapter. This is a metaphor that represents bringing people to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### "The Samaritan woman" ##### -The Samaritan woman is probably intended to contrast with the Jewish reaction towards Jesus. "Jesus himself declared that a prophet has no honor in his own country" ([John 4:44](./43.md)). There were many reasons the Jews would have seen this woman as untrustworthy. She was a Samaritan, an adulterer, and a woman. Despite this, she did what God required of her. She believed in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +John probably told this story to show the difference between the Samaritan woman, who believed, and the Jews, who did not believe and later killed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "In spirit and truth" ##### -True worship is no longer directed to a place, but is now directed towards the person of Jesus. In addition to this, worship is no longer done through priests. Everyone can directly worship God. This phrase implies that the proper worship of God can now be done without physically offering sacrifices and can be done more completely because of greater revelation given to man. There are many additional understandings of this passage. It may be best to leave this phrase as generic as possible in translation so as to not exclude other possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) + +The people who truly know who God is and enjoy worshiping him and love him for who he is are the ones who truly please him. Where they worship is not important. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/05/intro.md b/jhn/05/intro.md index d3b4a5ca6..983267fa7 100644 --- a/jhn/05/intro.md +++ b/jhn/05/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,23 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Porticos ##### -Many of the Jews believed these porticos had healing properties. This happened when the waters were "stirred up." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Healing water ##### -##### "The resurrection of judgment" ##### -This is a reference to a time after death when all of mankind will be judged. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) +Many of the Jews believed that God would heal people who got into some of the pools in Jerusalem when the waters were "stirred up." + +##### Testimony ##### + +Testimony is what one person says about another person. What a person says about himself is not as important as what other people say about that person. Jesus told the Jews that God had told them who Jesus was, so he did not need to tell them who he was. This was because God had told the writers of the Old Testament what his Messiah would do, and Jesus had done everything they had written that he would do. + +##### The resurrection of life and the resurrection of judgment ##### + +God will make some people alive again and because he gives them his grace, they will live with him forever. But he will make some people alive again and because he will treat them justly, they will live apart from him forever. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son, Son of God ##### +##### The Son, the Son of God, and the Son of Man ##### -Jesus refers to himself as "the Son," the "Son of Man" and the "Son of God."Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]]) - -##### "He has testified concerning me" ##### -Jesus speaks about the Old Testament testifying concerning himself. The Old Testament gives many prophecies concerning the Messiah which described Jesus before he came to earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +Jesus refers to himself in this chapter as the "Son" ([John 5:19](./19.md)), the "Son of God" ([John 5:25](./25.md)), and the "Son of Man" ([John 5:27](./26.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/06/24.md b/jhn/06/24.md index 5dac5f476..76d5e08c8 100644 --- a/jhn/06/24.md +++ b/jhn/06/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jesus]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/capernaum]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/rabbi]] diff --git a/jhn/06/53.md b/jhn/06/53.md index a80aeb47d..b4ae52124 100644 --- a/jhn/06/53.md +++ b/jhn/06/53.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md). # eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood -Here the phrases "eat the flesh" and "drink his blood" are metaphors that show how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. AT: "receive the Son of Man just like you receive food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here the phrases "eat the flesh" and "drink his blood" are a metaphor that shows how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # you will not have life in yourselves diff --git a/jhn/06/54.md b/jhn/06/54.md index 0c69338b4..e9d5d2f19 100644 --- a/jhn/06/54.md +++ b/jhn/06/54.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him. # Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life -The phrases "eats my flesh" and "drinks my blood" are metaphors. Just as one requires food and drink in order to have physical life, those who trust in Jesus will have spiritual life. AT: "whoever trusts me for their spiritual food and drink will have eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrases "eats my flesh" and "drinks my blood" are a metaphor for trusting Jesus. Just as people need food and drink in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # raise him up @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive ag # my flesh is true food ... my blood is true drink -The words "true food" and "true drink" are metaphors that mean Jesus provides spiritual food and drink to those who trust in him. Receiving Jesus in faith provides everlasting life the same way food and drink nourish the physical body. AT: "I am truly spiritual food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrases "true food" and "true drink" are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jhn/06/55.md b/jhn/06/55.md index 8b955e6f3..7db01ffde 100644 --- a/jhn/06/55.md +++ b/jhn/06/55.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # my flesh is true food ... my blood is true drink -The words "true food" and "true drink" are metaphors that mean Jesus provides spiritual food and drink to those who trust in him. Receiving Jesus in faith provides everlasting life the same way food and drink nourish the physical body. AT: "I am truly spiritual food and drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The phrases "true food" and "true drink" are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/jhn/06/57.md b/jhn/06/57.md index 366525411..7b478dee3 100644 --- a/jhn/06/57.md +++ b/jhn/06/57.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # so he who eats me -"the one who trusts in me" +The phrase "eats me" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor) # living Father diff --git a/jhn/06/58.md b/jhn/06/58.md index 3381cc290..24732e713 100644 --- a/jhn/06/58.md +++ b/jhn/06/58.md @@ -1,10 +1,18 @@ # This is the bread that has come down from heaven -The "bread" is a metaphor for Jesus, who has come from heaven. AT: "I am like bread that has come from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus was speaking about himself. AT: "I am the bread that has come down from heaven" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person) + +# This is the bread that has come down from heaven + +The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # He who eats this bread -This is a metaphor. Those who trust in Jesus for their spiritual life are like those who rely on physical bread or food for their physical lives. AT: "Whoever trusts in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus spoke about himself as "this bread." AT: "He who eats me, the bread" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person) + +# He who eats this bread + +Here "eats this bread" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor) # the fathers diff --git a/jhn/06/intro.md b/jhn/06/intro.md index e3aee8a50..fdd0b3ccf 100644 --- a/jhn/06/intro.md +++ b/jhn/06/intro.md @@ -2,31 +2,28 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "Make him king" ##### -While not all scholars agree on the exact reason Jesus did not want to be made king, it is generally agreed that the people did not have the right motivation for making him king. They wanted him to be king because he gave them food. They failed to recognize the truth that he already is the king of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### King ##### + +The king of any nation was the richest and most powerful person in that nation. The people wanted Jesus to be their king because he gave them food and so they thought he would make the Jews into the richest and most powerful nation in the world. They did not understand that Jesus came to die so God could forgive his people's sins and that the world would persecute his people. + +#### Important metaphors in this chapter #### ##### Bread ##### -Jesus uses the imagery of bread in this chapter. Bread's significance can be traced back to the daily provision God provided to Israel in the desert for 40 years and the events of the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) -##### "I am ... " ##### -John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." +Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus' day, and so the word "bread" was their general word for "food." It is often difficult to translate the word "bread" into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus' culture. Jesus used the word "bread" to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Eating the flesh and drinking the blood ##### -##### "Gives to me ... comes to me" ##### -These phrases are used to mean that many will "come to believe in Jesus." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -##### "Eat my flesh and drink my blood" ##### -This should clearly be seen as a metaphor. It is a reference to the practice instituted during Jesus' last meal when Jesus used bread and wine to represent his flesh and blood. This is a reference to Jesus' death for sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +When Jesus said, "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in yourselves," he knew that before he died he would tell his followers to do this by eating bread and drinking wine. In the event this chapter describes, he expected that his hearers would understand that he was using a metaphor but would not understand what the metaphor referred to. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Parenthetical Ideas ##### Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some context to better understand the story. These explanation are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. The information is placed inside parentheses. -##### "Son of Man, Son" ##### +##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 6;26](./26.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/07/intro.md b/jhn/07/intro.md index 148952b22..1909059b2 100644 --- a/jhn/07/intro.md +++ b/jhn/07/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This whole chapter revolves around the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +This whole chapter concerns the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Translators may wish to include a note at verse 53 to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses 7:53-8:11. diff --git a/jhn/08/24.md b/jhn/08/24.md index fd9425798..c607f1705 100644 --- a/jhn/08/24.md +++ b/jhn/08/24.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # that I AM -Possible meanings are that 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh, which means "I am" or 2) Jesus expected the people to understand that he was referring to what he already said he was: "I am from above." +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: "I am from above." diff --git a/jhn/08/28.md b/jhn/08/28.md index 110599665..ffd72fa0b 100644 --- a/jhn/08/28.md +++ b/jhn/08/28.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Jesus used the title "Son of Man" to refer to himself. # I AM -As God the Son, Jesus knows God the Father unlike anyone else. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh by saying, "I am God" or 2) Jesus was saying, "I am the one I claim to be." +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "I am the one I claim to be." # As the Father taught me, I speak these things diff --git a/jhn/08/58.md b/jhn/08/58.md index a513e57f9..34497b8ba 100644 --- a/jhn/08/58.md +++ b/jhn/08/58.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md). -# before Abraham was, I AM +# I AM -As God the Son, Jesus knows God the Father unlike anyone else. Possible meanings are 1) Jesus was identifying himself as Yahweh by saying, "I am God" or 2) Jesus was saying, "before Abraham existed, I existed." +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "before Abraham existed, I existed." diff --git a/jhn/08/intro.md b/jhn/08/intro.md index 6eebec6ee..d01173879 100644 --- a/jhn/08/intro.md +++ b/jhn/08/intro.md @@ -2,25 +2,27 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why they have chosen to or chosen not to translate verses 8:1-11. Because this is a controversial passage, it is best not to build theological conclusions from this passage. +Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why they have chosen to translate or to not translate verses 8:1-11. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Light ##### -Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +##### A light and darkness ##### -##### "I am ... " ##### +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. Here it is all Gentiles (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) -John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." +##### I AM ##### -##### "A woman caught in the act of adultery" ##### -If the woman was caught in the act of adultery, there was a man who was also caught in the act of adultery. The man is noticeably absent from this account. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, three times in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for "I AM," by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]). + +##### The Scribes and Pharisees' trap ##### + +The Scribes and Pharisees wanted to trick Jesus. They wanted him to say either that they should keep the law of Moses by killing a woman whom they had found committing adultery or that they should disobey the law of Moses and forgive her sin. Jesus knew that they were trying to trick him and that they did not really want to keep the law of Moses. He knew this because the law said that both the woman and the man should die, but they did not bring the man to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 8:28](./28.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/09/35.md b/jhn/09/35.md index 5bde6a5ab..47c01681e 100644 --- a/jhn/09/35.md +++ b/jhn/09/35.md @@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ Jesus finds the man whom he healed ([John 9:1-7](./01.md)) and begins to speak t This means to "believe in Jesus," to believe that he is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and live in a way that honors him. +# the Son of Man + +Here the reader needs to understand that Jesus was speaking as if "the Son of Man" were another person. The man who had been born blind did not realize that Jesus was speaking of himself when he spoke of "the Son of Man." You should translate so that the man does not learn that Jesus is the Son of Man until verse 37. + diff --git a/jhn/09/intro.md b/jhn/09/intro.md index d7005ae14..321533f4d 100644 --- a/jhn/09/intro.md +++ b/jhn/09/intro.md @@ -3,28 +3,28 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Who sinned?" ##### -In ancient Israel, it was commonly believed that a child was born with disabilities because of the sin of one of his parents. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. In this exchange, the Pharisees were sinners because they saw the power of Jesus and did not worship him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -##### "I am ... " ##### - -John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name Yahweh at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." - -##### Light ##### -Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +Many of the Jews of Jesus' time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ##### "He does not keep the Sabbath" ##### -The Pharisees considered Jesus making the mud to be "work" and in violation of the laws regarding the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by making mud. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) -##### Sight ##### -This chapter records the events of a man who was born without sight. Jesus also uses these events as a metaphor. In [John 9:39-40](./39.md), the Pharisees are called blind because they are unable to see the truth in front of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +#### Important metaphors in this chapter #### + +##### Light and darkness ##### + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### Seeing and being blind ##### + +Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they see that Jesus is able to heal blind people but they still do not believe that God sent him ([John 9:39-40](./39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 9:35](./35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/10/intro.md b/jhn/10/intro.md index 608d9f419..624e1487e 100644 --- a/jhn/10/intro.md +++ b/jhn/10/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,23 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Sheep ##### -Sheep is a common image used to refer to people. In this passage, it specifically refers to people who believe in Jesus and follow him. The Pharisees are likewise compared to wolves coming to steal and destroy the sheep. - ##### Blasphemy ##### -If someone falsely claims to be God, then it is considered blasphemy. In the law of Moses, the punishment for blasphemy was stoning to death. They did not believe Jesus, so they took up stones to kill him. Jesus was not guilty of blasphemy because he is God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +When a person claims that he is God or that God has told him to speak when God has not told him to speak, this is called blasphemy. The law of Moses commanded the Israelites to kill blasphemers by stoning them to death. When Jesus said, "I and the Father are one," the Jews thought he was blaspheming, so they took up stones to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) -##### Sheepfold ##### -The illustration used here involves the place where sheep are kept. There would have been a door or gate that the shepherd would have normally entered into the sheepfold. The sheep immediately recognize him. On the other hand, a robber would have entered into the sheepfold through another way where he may not be caught. The sheep would likely run from the thief because they did not recognize him. Jesus uses this as a metaphor for his ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +#### Important metaphors in this chapter #### -##### "I lay down my life that I may take it again" ##### -Although this is not set apart in any way, it is certainly a prophecy concerning Jesus' coming death. It emphasizes that he willingly died for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +##### Sheep ##### + +Jesus spoke of people as sheep because sheep do not see well, they do not think well, they often walk away from those who care for them, and they cannot defend themselves when other animals attack them. God's people also rebel against him and do not know when they are doing wrong. + +##### Sheep pen ##### + +A sheep pen was a space with a stone wall around it in which shepherds would keep their sheep. Once they were inside the sheep pen, the sheep could not run away, and animals and thieves could not easily get inside to kill or steal them. + +##### Laying down and taking up life ##### + +Jesus speaks of his life as if it were a physical object that he could lay down on the ground, a metaphor for dying, or pick up again, a metaphor for becoming alive again. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/11/45.md b/jhn/11/45.md index d2813289e..b64f2fbc2 100644 --- a/jhn/11/45.md +++ b/jhn/11/45.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jew]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/marysisterofmartha]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/pharisee]] diff --git a/jhn/11/intro.md b/jhn/11/intro.md index 61175883d..b68bfe4a5 100644 --- a/jhn/11/intro.md +++ b/jhn/11/intro.md @@ -2,25 +2,23 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Light ##### -Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +##### Light and darkness ##### -##### "I am ... " ##### - -John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### Passover ##### -This chapter records that Jesus no longer walked openly among the Jews. In turn, the Pharisees waited to find him during the Passover. It was the responsibility of the Jews, who were able, to go to Jerusalem during the Passover celebration. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) + +After Jesus made Lazarus become alive again, the Jewish leaders were trying hard to kill him, so he started traveling from place to place in secret. Now the Pharisees knew that he would probably come to Jerusalem for the Passover because God had commanded all Jewish men to celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem, so they planned to catch him and kill him then. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "One man should die for the people" ##### -Caiaphas said, "it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people rather than that the whole nation should perish." It is ironic that Jesus would come to die for the sins of the nation and the whole world. This statement almost functions as a prophecy about Jesus' death for sin. This is something the high priest also gives a prophecy about later in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +##### "One man dies for the people" ##### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The law of Moses commanded the priests to kill animals so that God would forgive the people's sins. The high priest Caiaphas said, "It is better for you that one man dies for the people than that the whole nation perishes" ([John 10:50](./49.md)). He said this because he loved his "place" and "nation" ([John 10:48](./47.md)) more than he loved the God who had made Lazarus become alive again. He wanted Jesus to die so that the Romans would not destroy the temple and Jerusalem, but God wanted Jesus to die so that he could forgive all of his people's sins. -##### "If you had been here" ##### -Mary and Martha had faith in Jesus but they did not understand fully who he was. In this passage, they had not yet come to realize that he had power over death itself and could raise Lazarus from the dead if he desired. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Hypothetical situation ##### + +When Martha said, "If you had been here, my brother would not have died," she was speaking of a situation that could have happened but did not happen. Jesus had not come, and her brother had died. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/12/intro.md b/jhn/12/intro.md index 2ecf03374..f17012fcb 100644 --- a/jhn/12/intro.md +++ b/jhn/12/intro.md @@ -2,34 +2,37 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:38 and 40, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:38 and 40, which are words from the Old Testament. Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Anointing ##### -It was customary to anoint a body in preparation for the body's burial. This would normally not have been done until after a person's death. This was not Mary's intention. Jesus uses Mary's actions to prophesy concerning his approaching death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Mary anointed Jesus' feet ##### + +The Jews would put oil on a person's head to make that person feel welcome and comfortable. They would also put oil on a person's body after the person had died but before they buried the body. But they would never think to put oil on a person's feet, because they thought that feet were dirty. ##### The donkey and the colt ##### Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings. -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew, Mark, and John all wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) -##### Light ##### -Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as images representing sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/light]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/darkness]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +##### Glory ##### + +Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter John says that the glory of Jesus is his resurrection ([John 12:16](./16.md)). #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "To be glorified" ##### -Jesus' prophesy about being glorified is a reference to his death. The disciples would not have understood that his death would have brought him glory, but it did. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +##### The metaphors of light and darkness ##### + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. A paradox occurs in 12:25: "He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life." But in 12:26 Jesus explains what it means to keep one's life for eternal life. ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in 12:25: "He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life." But in 12:26 Jesus explains what it means to keep one's life for eternal life. ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/13/19.md b/jhn/13/19.md index 9f4399d7b..6835a4737 100644 --- a/jhn/13/19.md +++ b/jhn/13/19.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens" -# you may believe that I AM +# I AM -"you may believe that I am who I said I am" or "you may believe that I am the Messiah" +Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "I am the one I claim to be." diff --git a/jhn/13/intro.md b/jhn/13/intro.md index b030bf171..475da92f3 100644 --- a/jhn/13/intro.md +++ b/jhn/13/intro.md @@ -6,21 +6,19 @@ The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lo #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "To wash the disciples' feet" ##### -Feet were considered very dirty in the ancient Near East. It was normally the servant who was responsible for washing the feet of his master. This act would have been considered humiliating for Jesus, which is why the disciples did not want him to do it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### The washing of feet ##### -##### Washing ##### -The image of washing is used here on the eve of Jesus' death. It is Jesus who is able to make people clean. This image represents the ability "to make righteous." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +People in the ancient Near East thought that feet were very dirty. Only servants would wash people's feet. The disciples did not want Jesus to wash their feet because they considered him their master and themselves his servants, but he wanted to show them that they needed to serve each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -##### "I am ... " ##### +##### I AM ##### -John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) +John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, once in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for "I AM," by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]). #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### +##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 13:31](./31.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/14/02.md b/jhn/14/02.md index 07d223408..f91cf02a7 100644 --- a/jhn/14/02.md +++ b/jhn/14/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# In the house of my Father are many rooms +# In my Father's house are many rooms -"there are many places to live in my Father's house" +"There are many places to live in my Father's house" -# In the house of my Father +# In my Father's house This refers to heaven, where God lives. diff --git a/jhn/14/intro.md b/jhn/14/intro.md index 17471a9dc..a868b6d9b 100644 --- a/jhn/14/intro.md +++ b/jhn/14/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "My Father's house" ##### -This is not a reference to the temple. Instead, it is a reference to the dwelling place of God in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) -##### Comforter ##### -This is another name for the Holy Spirit, along with the "Spirit of Truth." He was already present in the world, but would come in a special way, to dwell in Christians, permanently. Jesus and the Holy Spirit are both God; because of this fact, it can be said that Jesus will live in Christians after his death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) +Jesus used these words to speak of heaven, where God lives, not of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) + +##### The Holy Spirit ##### + +Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](./15.md)) who is always with God's people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](./15.md)) who tells God's people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/15/intro.md b/jhn/15/intro.md index ca9691b75..442f8d57c 100644 --- a/jhn/15/intro.md +++ b/jhn/15/intro.md @@ -2,14 +2,11 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -##### Vine ##### -The vine is an important image in scripture. This chapter forms a complex and extended metaphor. The various aspects of this image and how it is used will cause translation issues in any culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "I am ... " ##### +##### Vine ##### -John uses this phrase seven times in his gospel. It is the same words used by God, when he revealed himself and his name at the burning bush. The name "Yahweh" can be translated as "I am." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) +Jesus used the vine as a metaphor for himself. This is because the vine of the grape plant is what takes water and minerals from the ground to the leaves and grapes. Without the vine, the grapes and leaves die. He wanted his followers to know that unless they loved and obeyed him, they would be unable to do anything that pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/16/intro.md b/jhn/16/intro.md index df8c8118a..8d8b97f52 100644 --- a/jhn/16/intro.md +++ b/jhn/16/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,19 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Comforter ##### -This is another name for the Holy Spirit, who is also called the "Spirit of truth." He was already present in the world, but would come in a special way, to dwell in Christians, permanently. Jesus and the Holy Spirit are both God; because of this fact, it can be said that Jesus will live in Christians after his death. This is one of the reasons why it is "better for you that I go away." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) +##### The Holy Spirit ##### + +Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](./15.md)) who is always with God's people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](./15.md)) who tells God's people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) ##### "The hour is coming" ##### -This is a phrase that can also be translated as "the time is coming." Jesus refers to the time after his death as this coming hour. When used, it can be seen as a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) + +Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. "The hour" in which people would persecute his followers ([John 16:2](./01.md)) was days, weeks, and years long, but "the hour" in which his disciples would scatter and leave him alone ([John 16:32](./32.md)) was less than sixty minutes long. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Metaphor ##### -Jesus compares his death to the pains of a woman giving birth. It is through pain that new life comes. It is doubtful that the audience would have understood the metaphor when it was spoken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### Simile ##### + +Jesus said that just as a woman is in pain as she gives birth to a baby and his followers would be sad when he died. But the woman is glad after the baby is born, and his followers would be happy when he became alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/17/intro.md b/jhn/17/intro.md index 6ca877757..47475b623 100644 --- a/jhn/17/intro.md +++ b/jhn/17/intro.md @@ -6,13 +6,19 @@ This chapter forms one long prayer. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### The eternality of Jesus ##### -This chapter makes it clear that Jesus existed before the world was created. +##### Glory ##### + +Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter Jesus asks God to show his followers his true glory ([John 17:1](./01.md)). + +##### Jesus is eternal ##### + +Jesus existed before God created the world ([John 17:5(](./03.md)). John wrote about this in [John 1:1](../01/01.md). #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Prayer ##### -Prayer can be a difficult concept to translate in cultures not familiar with this practice. Since Jesus is God, his prayers are not like the prayers of other men. This chapter can be especially difficult to understand because Jesus does not have a real "need" to pray in order to ask for help, and his prayers can also sound like a command. It would be unacceptable for someone else to pray in this manner. + +Jesus is God's one and only Son ([John 3:16](../03/16.md)), so he could pray differently from the way other people pray. He used many words that sounded like commands. Your translation should make Jesus sound like a son speaking with love and respect to his father and telling him what the father needs to do so that the father will be happy. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/18/intro.md b/jhn/18/intro.md index 2160ab4fa..52714177a 100644 --- a/jhn/18/intro.md +++ b/jhn/18/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,21 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Verses 13 and 14 state, "for he was father-in-law to Caiaphas, who was high priest that year. Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people." This is a parenthetical statement being made by the author. It is intended to explain important background information. It is possible to put this information in parentheses. +Verse 14 says, "Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people." The author says this to help the reader understand why it was to Caiaphas that they took Jesus. You might want to put these words in parentheses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "It is not lawful for us to put any man to death" ##### -The Roman Empire did not allow the Jews to enforce a penalty of death upon anyone. Therefore, the Jews had to present their case to the pagan ruler, Pilate. -==Jesus' kingdom == -Jesus explains to Pilate that his kingdom is not "of this world." Some scholars take this to mean that Jesus rules a spiritual kingdom, while others claim Jesus meant his kingdom was not in competition with the Roman Empire. It is possible to translate the phrase as Jesus' kingdom "is not from this place" or "comes from another place." +The Roman government did not allow the Jews to kill criminals, so the Jews needed to ask Pilate, the governor, to kill him ([John 18:31](./31.md)). -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +##### Jesus' kingdom ##### -##### "King of the Jews" ##### -This phrase is used in two different ways in this passage. First, Jesus is said to be the king of the Jews. He is the king of the Jews and the whole world. Second, it is used ironically or sarcastically by Pilate. Pilate does not believe Jesus to be the king of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +No one knows for sure what Jesus meant when he told Pilate that his kingdom was not "of this world" ([John 18:36](./36.md)). Some people think that Jesus means that his kingdom is only spiritual and that he has no visible kingdom on this earth, Other people think that Jesus meant that he would not build and rule his kingdom by force, the way other kings build theirs. It is possible to translate the words "is not of this world" as "is not from this place" or "comes from another place." + +##### King of the Jews ##### + +When Pilate asked if Jesus were the King of the Jews ([John 18:33](./33.md)), he was asking if Jesus were claiming to be like King Herod, whom the Romans were permitting to rule Judea. When he asked the crowd if he should release the King of the Jews ([John 18:39](./38.md)), he is mocking the Jews, because the Romans and Jews hated each other. He was also mocking Jesus, because he did not think that Jesus was a king at all, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/19/intro.md b/jhn/19/intro.md index a5c863ab0..ba0c9839f 100644 --- a/jhn/19/intro.md +++ b/jhn/19/intro.md @@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 19:24, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 19:24, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Purple garment" ##### -The color purple was a sign of royalty in the ancient Near East. Jesus was mockingly dressed to look like a king. + +Purple is a color like red or blue. The people were mocking Jesus, so they put him in a purple garment. This was because kings wore purple garments. They spoke and acted like they were giving honor to a king, but everyone knew that they were doing it because they hated Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ##### "You are not Caesar's friend" ##### -Pilate did not want to sentence Jesus to death, but the Jews forced him. They did this to make it seem as if allowing Jesus to live would betray the Roman government. + +Pilate knew that Jesus was not a criminal, so he did not want to have his soldiers kill him. But the Jews told him that Jesus was claiming to be a king, and anyone who did that was breaking Caesar's laws ([John 19:12](./12.md)). ##### The tomb ##### @@ -19,11 +21,13 @@ The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 19:41](./40.md)) was the kind of tomb #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Sarcasm ##### -The following phrases are intended to be taken sarcastically: "Hail, King of the Jews," "Should I crucify your king?" and "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." Sarcasm is the use of irony to insult someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +The soldiers were insulting Jesus when they said, "Hail, King of the Jews." Pilate was insulting the Jews when he asked, "Should I crucify your king?" He was probably also insulting both Jesus and the Jews when he wrote, "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Gabbatha, Golgotha ##### + These are two Hebrew words. After translating the meanings of these words ("The Pavement" and "The Place of a Skull"), the author transliterates their sounds by writing them with Greek letters. ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/20/intro.md b/jhn/20/intro.md index f637a2dee..ca7bb0722 100644 --- a/jhn/20/intro.md +++ b/jhn/20/intro.md @@ -7,17 +7,21 @@ The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 20:1](./01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. ##### "Receive the Holy Spirit" ##### -The disciples had special power from the Holy Spirit given to them. He empowered their ministry. + +If your language uses the same word for "breath" and "spirit," be sure that the reader understands that Jesus was performing a symbolic action by breathing, and that what the disciples received was the Holy Spirit, not Jesus' breath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Rabboni ##### -This is a Hebrew word. Mark "transliterate" its sounds by substituting the Hebrew letters with Greek letters. Then he explains that it means "Teacher." The translator should do the same, but transliterate it using letters of the target language. + +John used Greek letters to describe the sound of the word, and then he explained that it means "Teacher." You should do the same, using the letters of your language. ##### Jesus' resurrection body ##### -There is some mystery about Jesus' body at this point. He was physically present with the scars from the crucifixion but he could also enter into rooms without having to use a door. It is best to leave the mystery in place but explanation may be necessary if the translation does not make sense to the reader. + +No one is sure what Jesus' body looked like after he became alive again. His disciples knew it was Jesus because they could see his face and touch the places where the soldiers had put the nails through his hands and feet, But he could also walk through solid walls and doors. It is best not to try to say more than what the ULB says. ##### Two angels in white ##### + Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/11.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/21/intro.md b/jhn/21/intro.md index ef6a2ee79..c9374a98c 100644 --- a/jhn/21/intro.md +++ b/jhn/21/intro.md @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Metaphors ##### -Jesus uses many shepherding metaphors. For example, "feed my lambs," "tend my sheep" and "feed my sheep." Peter would now be a shepherd of the people of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### The metaphor of sheep ##### + +Before Jesus died, he spoke of himself taking care of his people as if he were a good shepherd taking care of sheep ([John 10:11](../10/11.md)). After he became alive again, he told Peter that Peter would be the one who took care of Jesus' sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jhn/front/intro.md b/jhn/front/intro.md index 1259a5b6b..b5d2d7f6c 100644 --- a/jhn/front/intro.md +++ b/jhn/front/intro.md @@ -52,18 +52,13 @@ In the passage, "If my words remain in you" (John 15:7), the UDB expresses this #### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John? #### -These are the most significant textual issues in the Gospel of John: +The following verses found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions. Translators are advised not to translate these verses. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include these verses, the translators can include them. If they are translated, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to John's Gospel. * "waiting for the moving of the water. For an angel of the Lord occasionally went down into the pool and stirred the water and whoever went first after the stirring of the water, was made well from the disease they had." (5:3-4) +* "going through the midst of them, and so passed by" (8:59) -Translators are advised not to translate this passage. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this passage, the translators can include it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not original to John's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +The following passage is included in most older and modern versions of the Bible. But it is not in the earliest copies of the Bible. Translators are advised to translate this passage. It should be put inside of square brackets ([]) to indicate that it may not have been original to John's Gospel. * The story of the adulterous woman (7:53–8:11) -This passage is included in most older and modern versions of the Bible. But it is not in the earliest copies of the Bible. Translators are advised to translate this passage. It should be put inside of square brackets ([]) to indicate that it may not have been original to John's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) - -Some old versions also have this passage: - -* "going through the midst of them, and so passed by" (8:59) - -But it is very certain that this passage was not original to the Gospel of John. It should not be included. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/jhn/span.md b/jhn/span.md index dc408023f..ca95f4b1f 100644 --- a/jhn/span.md +++ b/jhn/span.md @@ -1,70 +1,74 @@ -Old version of [jhn\04\01.md](../../v11/jhn/04/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../jhn/04/01.md) -* [Verse: 3](../jhn/04/03.md) +Old version of [zep\03\09.md](../../v11/zep/03/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/03/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/03/11.md) -Old version of [jhn\04\17.md](../../v11/jhn/04/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../jhn/04/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../jhn/04/18.md) +Old version of [zep\04\01.md](../../v11/zep/04/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/04/01.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/04/03.md) -Old version of [jhn\04\21.md](../../v11/jhn/04/21.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../jhn/04/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../jhn/04/22.md) +Old version of [zep\04\17.md](../../v11/zep/04/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/04/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/04/18.md) -Old version of [jhn\05\19.md](../../v11/jhn/05/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../jhn/05/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../jhn/05/20.md) +Old version of [zep\04\21.md](../../v11/zep/04/21.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/04/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/04/22.md) -Old version of [jhn\05\26.md](../../v11/jhn/05/26.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../jhn/05/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../jhn/05/27.md) +Old version of [zep\05\19.md](../../v11/zep/05/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/05/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/05/20.md) -Old version of [jhn\06\54.md](../../v11/jhn/06/54.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 54](../jhn/06/54.md) -* [Verse: 55](../jhn/06/55.md) +Old version of [zep\05\26.md](../../v11/zep/05/26.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/05/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/05/27.md) -Old version of [jhn\10\11.md](../../v11/jhn/10/11.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../jhn/10/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../jhn/10/13.md) +Old version of [zep\06\54.md](../../v11/zep/06/54.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 54](../zep/06/54.md) +* [Verse: 55](../zep/06/55.md) -Old version of [jhn\13\03.md](../../v11/jhn/13/03.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../jhn/13/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../jhn/13/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../jhn/13/05.md) +Old version of [zep\10\11.md](../../v11/zep/10/11.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/10/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/10/13.md) -Old version of [jhn\14\12.md](../../v11/jhn/14/12.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../jhn/14/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../jhn/14/13.md) +Old version of [zep\13\03.md](../../v11/zep/13/03.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/13/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/13/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/13/05.md) -Old version of [jhn\15\18.md](../../v11/jhn/15/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../jhn/15/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../jhn/15/19.md) +Old version of [zep\14\12.md](../../v11/zep/14/12.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/14/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/14/13.md) -Old version of [jhn\15\23.md](../../v11/jhn/15/23.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../jhn/15/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../jhn/15/24.md) +Old version of [zep\15\18.md](../../v11/zep/15/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/15/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/15/19.md) -Old version of [jhn\16\08.md](../../v11/jhn/16/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../jhn/16/08.md) -* [Verse: 10](../jhn/16/10.md) +Old version of [zep\15\23.md](../../v11/zep/15/23.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 23](../zep/15/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/15/24.md) -Old version of [jhn\16\26.md](../../v11/jhn/16/26.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../jhn/16/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../jhn/16/28.md) +Old version of [zep\16\08.md](../../v11/zep/16/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/16/08.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/16/10.md) -Old version of [jhn\16\26.md](../../v11/jhn/16/26.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../jhn/16/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../jhn/16/28.md) +Old version of [zep\16\26.md](../../v11/zep/16/26.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 27](../zep/16/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/16/28.md) -Old version of [jhn\17\12.md](../../v11/jhn/17/12.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../jhn/17/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../jhn/17/14.md) +Old version of [zep\16\26.md](../../v11/zep/16/26.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 27](../zep/16/27.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/16/28.md) -Old version of [jhn\20\21.md](../../v11/jhn/20/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../jhn/20/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../jhn/20/22.md) +Old version of [zep\17\12.md](../../v11/zep/17/12.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/17/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/17/14.md) -Old version of [jhn\21\15.md](../../v11/jhn/21/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../jhn/21/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../jhn/21/16.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\20\21.md](../../v11/zep/20/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/20/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/20/22.md) + +Old version of [zep\21\15.md](../../v11/zep/21/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/21/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/21/16.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/job/01/intro.md b/job/01/intro.md index 917b075cb..bc0e8dcd6 100644 --- a/job/01/intro.md +++ b/job/01/intro.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of a Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ##### Job's faith ##### -Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) +Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/05/intro.md b/job/05/intro.md index d6fcb2700..9d0a795a7 100644 --- a/job/05/intro.md +++ b/job/05/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) ##### Sickness and sin ##### -In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/job/09/intro.md b/job/09/intro.md index 00d5973f6..a347c0237 100644 --- a/job/09/intro.md +++ b/job/09/intro.md @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -== Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power== -Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +##### Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power ##### +Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/job/16/intro.md b/job/16/intro.md index b14d3a4cf..44527e93a 100644 --- a/job/16/intro.md +++ b/job/16/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) ##### Advocate ##### -Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/17/intro.md b/job/17/intro.md index 53f18e251..4d9c88121 100644 --- a/job/17/intro.md +++ b/job/17/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]]) ##### Advocate ##### -Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/21/intro.md b/job/21/intro.md index 94a1d1c50..176431f1c 100644 --- a/job/21/intro.md +++ b/job/21/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Ancestor's sin ##### -In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/job/25/intro.md b/job/25/intro.md index 598f1216c..c82f65571 100644 --- a/job/25/intro.md +++ b/job/25/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's holiness and man's sin ##### -Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/job/27/23.md b/job/27/23.md index 8c58d84d2..f33a03638 100644 --- a/job/27/23.md +++ b/job/27/23.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# It claps its hands at him in mockery +# It claps its hands at him Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. AT: "It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -# it hisses him out of his place +# hisses him from his place -The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place. It sounds like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. AT: "it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home" or "it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place, and the noise is like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. AT: "it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home" or "it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) diff --git a/job/31/intro.md b/job/31/intro.md index 22604fb87..9085eca33 100644 --- a/job/31/intro.md +++ b/job/31/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh. -In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/33/23.md b/job/33/23.md index 3489887d9..b99adcaa0 100644 --- a/job/33/23.md +++ b/job/33/23.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Elihu continues speaking to Job. This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general. -# from among the thousands of angels +# one out of a thousand -In some languages it may be more natural to refer to a "great number" instead of "thousands." AT: "from the great number of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) +In some languages it may be more natural to refer to "a great number" instead of "a thousand." AT: "one from the great number of angels" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) diff --git a/job/33/25.md b/job/33/25.md index 7abc98997..5800e5b6b 100644 --- a/job/33/25.md +++ b/job/33/25.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Elihu continues speaking to Job. -# then +# Then -The word "then" is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel's request. AT: "then as a result" or "as a result of the angel's request to God" +This word is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel's request. AT: "Then as a result" or "As a result of the angel's request to God" # his flesh will become fresher than a child's @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ In this comparison, the word "fresher" is an exaggeration. AT: "fresh like a chi This refers to a child's flesh. AT: "a child's flesh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -# he will return to the days of his youthful strength +# it is restored to the days of his youth -This speaks of the man being strong again like when he was young as if he was in fact actually young again. AT: "he will become strong again, like when he was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This speaks of the man's flesh again being as strong as it was when he was young. AT: "it will become strong again, as it was when he was young" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/job/34/intro.md b/job/34/intro.md index 27cdd0102..6b869bea0 100644 --- a/job/34/intro.md +++ b/job/34/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ The ULB sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's justice ##### -Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/35/04.md b/job/35/04.md index 712db41aa..aa01dee73 100644 --- a/job/35/04.md +++ b/job/35/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: Elihu continues speaking. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] diff --git a/job/35/intro.md b/job/35/intro.md index 39b5cca33..67dd95f73 100644 --- a/job/35/intro.md +++ b/job/35/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try t #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Ironic situation ##### -Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/42/intro.md b/job/42/intro.md index 0ff792bb2..ccb191239 100644 --- a/job/42/intro.md +++ b/job/42/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULB and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. -Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) +Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Justice ##### -Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) +Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/job/front/intro.md b/job/front/intro.md index 6af743269..6c773d37b 100644 --- a/job/front/intro.md +++ b/job/front/intro.md @@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ The writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in na #### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate? #### -Because the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books. However, the Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand and translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. \ No newline at end of file +The Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books. diff --git a/job/span.md b/job/span.md index 258dd0c68..40f51c062 100644 --- a/job/span.md +++ b/job/span.md @@ -1,220 +1,220 @@ -Old version of [job\01\04.md](../../v11/job/01/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../job/01/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../job/01/05.md) +Old version of [zep\01\04.md](../../v11/zep/01/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/01/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/01/05.md) -Old version of [job\03\15.md](../../v11/job/03/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../job/03/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../job/03/16.md) +Old version of [zep\03\15.md](../../v11/zep/03/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/03/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/03/16.md) -Old version of [job\03\20.md](../../v11/job/03/20.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../job/03/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../job/03/21.md) +Old version of [zep\03\20.md](../../v11/zep/03/20.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/03/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/03/21.md) -Old version of [job\05\01.md](../../v11/job/05/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../job/05/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../job/05/03.md) +Old version of [zep\05\01.md](../../v11/zep/05/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/05/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) -Old version of [job\06\21.md](../../v11/job/06/21.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../job/06/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../job/06/23.md) +Old version of [zep\06\21.md](../../v11/zep/06/21.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/06/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/06/23.md) -Old version of [job\07\01.md](../../v11/job/07/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../job/07/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../job/07/03.md) +Old version of [zep\07\01.md](../../v11/zep/07/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/07/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/07/03.md) -Old version of [job\07\16.md](../../v11/job/07/16.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../job/07/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../job/07/18.md) +Old version of [zep\07\16.md](../../v11/zep/07/16.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/07/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/07/18.md) -Old version of [job\10\04.md](../../v11/job/10/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../job/10/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../job/10/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../job/10/07.md) +Old version of [zep\10\04.md](../../v11/zep/10/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/10/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/10/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/10/07.md) -Old version of [job\12\07.md](../../v11/job/12/07.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../job/12/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../job/12/08.md) +Old version of [zep\12\07.md](../../v11/zep/12/07.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/12/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/12/08.md) -Old version of [job\14\10.md](../../v11/job/14/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../job/14/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../job/14/12.md) +Old version of [zep\14\10.md](../../v11/zep/14/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/14/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/14/12.md) -Old version of [job\14\15.md](../../v11/job/14/15.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../job/14/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../job/14/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../job/14/17.md) +Old version of [zep\14\15.md](../../v11/zep/14/15.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/14/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/14/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/14/17.md) -Old version of [job\17\13.md](../../v11/job/17/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../job/17/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../job/17/14.md) +Old version of [zep\17\13.md](../../v11/zep/17/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/17/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/17/14.md) -Old version of [job\17\13.md](../../v11/job/17/13.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../job/17/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../job/17/14.md) +Old version of [zep\17\13.md](../../v11/zep/17/13.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/17/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/17/14.md) -Old version of [job\18\09.md](../../v11/job/18/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../job/18/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../job/18/10.md) +Old version of [zep\18\09.md](../../v11/zep/18/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/18/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/18/10.md) -Old version of [job\18\18.md](../../v11/job/18/18.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../job/18/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../job/18/19.md) +Old version of [zep\18\18.md](../../v11/zep/18/18.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/18/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/18/19.md) -Old version of [job\19\07.md](../../v11/job/19/07.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../job/19/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../job/19/09.md) +Old version of [zep\19\07.md](../../v11/zep/19/07.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/19/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/19/09.md) -Old version of [job\20\04.md](../../v11/job/20/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../job/20/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../job/20/05.md) +Old version of [zep\20\04.md](../../v11/zep/20/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/20/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/20/05.md) -Old version of [job\20\12.md](../../v11/job/20/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../job/20/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../job/20/13.md) +Old version of [zep\20\12.md](../../v11/zep/20/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/20/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/20/13.md) -Old version of [job\21\16.md](../../v11/job/21/16.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../job/21/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../job/21/18.md) +Old version of [zep\21\16.md](../../v11/zep/21/16.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/21/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/21/18.md) -Old version of [job\21\19.md](../../v11/job/21/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../job/21/19.md) -* [Verse: 21](../job/21/21.md) +Old version of [zep\21\19.md](../../v11/zep/21/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/21/19.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/21/21.md) -Old version of [job\21\29.md](../../v11/job/21/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../job/21/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../job/21/30.md) +Old version of [zep\21\29.md](../../v11/zep/21/29.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/21/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/21/30.md) -Old version of [job\22\04.md](../../v11/job/22/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../job/22/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../job/22/05.md) +Old version of [zep\22\04.md](../../v11/zep/22/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/22/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/22/05.md) -Old version of [job\22\09.md](../../v11/job/22/09.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../job/22/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../job/22/11.md) +Old version of [zep\22\09.md](../../v11/zep/22/09.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/22/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/22/11.md) -Old version of [job\23\03.md](../../v11/job/23/03.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../job/23/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../job/23/05.md) +Old version of [zep\23\03.md](../../v11/zep/23/03.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/23/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/23/05.md) -Old version of [job\23\08.md](../../v11/job/23/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../job/23/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../job/23/09.md) +Old version of [zep\23\08.md](../../v11/zep/23/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/23/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/23/09.md) -Old version of [job\28\05.md](../../v11/job/28/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../job/28/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../job/28/06.md) +Old version of [zep\28\05.md](../../v11/zep/28/05.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/28/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/28/06.md) -Old version of [job\28\15.md](../../v11/job/28/15.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../job/28/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../job/28/16.md) +Old version of [zep\28\15.md](../../v11/zep/28/15.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/28/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/28/16.md) -Old version of [job\28\18.md](../../v11/job/28/18.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../job/28/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../job/28/19.md) +Old version of [zep\28\18.md](../../v11/zep/28/18.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/28/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/28/19.md) -Old version of [job\30\04.md](../../v11/job/30/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 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[Verse: 8](../job/38/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../job/38/09.md) +Old version of [zep\38\08.md](../../v11/zep/38/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/38/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/38/09.md) -Old version of [job\38\12.md](../../v11/job/38/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../job/38/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../job/38/13.md) +Old version of [zep\38\12.md](../../v11/zep/38/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/38/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/38/13.md) -Old version of [job\38\16.md](../../v11/job/38/16.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../job/38/16.md) -* [Verse: 18](../job/38/18.md) +Old version of [zep\38\16.md](../../v11/zep/38/16.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/38/16.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/38/18.md) -Old version of [job\38\22.md](../../v11/job/38/22.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 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that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../job/38/31.md) -* [Verse: 33](../job/38/33.md) +Old version of [zep\38\31.md](../../v11/zep/38/31.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/38/31.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/38/33.md) -Old version of [job\38\31.md](../../v11/job/38/31.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../job/38/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../job/38/32.md) +Old version of [zep\38\31.md](../../v11/zep/38/31.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/38/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/38/32.md) -Old version of [job\38\34.md](../../v11/job/38/34.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../job/38/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../job/38/35.md) +Old version of [zep\38\34.md](../../v11/zep/38/34.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/38/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/38/35.md) -Old version of [job\38\36.md](../../v11/job/38/36.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 36](../job/38/36.md) -* [Verse: 38](../job/38/38.md) +Old version of [zep\38\36.md](../../v11/zep/38/36.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 36](../zep/38/36.md) +* [Verse: 38](../zep/38/38.md) -Old version of [job\38\39.md](../../v11/job/38/39.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 39](../job/38/39.md) -* [Verse: 40](../job/38/40.md) +Old version of [zep\38\39.md](../../v11/zep/38/39.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 39](../zep/38/39.md) +* [Verse: 40](../zep/38/40.md) -Old version of [job\39\05.md](../../v11/job/39/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../job/39/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../job/39/06.md) +Old version of [zep\39\05.md](../../v11/zep/39/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/39/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/39/06.md) -Old version of [job\39\05.md](../../v11/job/39/05.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../job/39/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../job/39/06.md) +Old version of [zep\39\05.md](../../v11/zep/39/05.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/39/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/39/06.md) -Old version of [job\39\11.md](../../v11/job/39/11.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../job/39/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../job/39/12.md) +Old version of [zep\39\11.md](../../v11/zep/39/11.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/39/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/39/12.md) -Old version of [job\41\01.md](../../v11/job/41/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../job/41/01.md) -* [Verse: 3](../job/41/03.md) +Old version of [zep\41\01.md](../../v11/zep/41/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/41/01.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/41/03.md) -Old version of [job\41\01.md](../../v11/job/41/01.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../job/41/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../job/41/02.md) +Old version of [zep\41\01.md](../../v11/zep/41/01.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/41/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/41/02.md) -Old version of [job\41\07.md](../../v11/job/41/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../job/41/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../job/41/08.md) +Old version of [zep\41\07.md](../../v11/zep/41/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/41/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/41/08.md) -Old version of [job\41\10.md](../../v11/job/41/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../job/41/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../job/41/11.md) +Old version of [zep\41\10.md](../../v11/zep/41/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/41/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/41/11.md) -Old version of [job\41\13.md](../../v11/job/41/13.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../job/41/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../job/41/14.md) +Old version of [zep\41\13.md](../../v11/zep/41/13.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/41/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/41/14.md) -Old version of [job\41\16.md](../../v11/job/41/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../job/41/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../job/41/17.md) +Old version of [zep\41\16.md](../../v11/zep/41/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/41/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/41/17.md) -Old version of [job\41\25.md](../../v11/job/41/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../job/41/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../job/41/26.md) +Old version of [zep\41\25.md](../../v11/zep/41/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/41/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/41/26.md) -Old version of [job\41\28.md](../../v11/job/41/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../job/41/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../job/41/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../job/41/30.md) +Old version of [zep\41\28.md](../../v11/zep/41/28.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/41/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/41/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/41/30.md) -Old version of [job\41\33.md](../../v11/job/41/33.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../job/41/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../job/41/34.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\41\33.md](../../v11/zep/41/33.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/41/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/41/34.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jol/01/intro.md b/jol/01/intro.md index 924bf42cf..95fe6f041 100644 --- a/jol/01/intro.md +++ b/jol/01/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULB is written in ##### Locusts ##### This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel. -It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. diff --git a/jol/front/intro.md b/jol/front/intro.md index 99d6c6ffe..04b8dcbe6 100644 --- a/jol/front/intro.md +++ b/jol/front/intro.md @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ This book contains the prophecies of an Israelite named Joel, son of Pethuel. Th #### What is the meaning of the locust attacks in Joel 1 and 2, and of the drought in Joel 2? #### -Locust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. For this reason, locust attacks served as a powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. In Chapters 1 and 2, Joel described locust attacks using military terms. He may have been speaking of enemy invaders coming and destroying the land and its people. +Locust attacks occurred often in the ancient Near East. Certain kinds of grasshoppers would come in countless numbers. There would be so many that they would darken the sky like a black cloud that blocked the sunlight. They often came after a long period of no rain. They came down on whatever crops were surviving in the fields and stripped them bare of their leaves. The locusts could not be stopped and caused terrible damage. For this reason, locust attacks served as a powerful image of military attacks in the Old Testament. In Chapters 1 and 2, Joel described locust attacks using military terms. He may have been speaking of enemy invaders coming and destroying the land its people. There are various names for locusts in the original language of the Old Testament. It is uncertain whether these refer to different kinds of locusts or to the same kind of locust in different stages of growth. For this reason, versions of the Bible differ in how they translate these terms. @@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ Joel prophesied that God will defeat Israel's enemies, rebuild the city of Jerus #### How should one translate the poetry of the Book of Joel? #### -All of the text in the Book of Joel is poetry. The ULB presents it in this way. The UDB, however, presents the text as prose. Translators may choose to use prose in their versions. Translators who want to translate the book as poetry should read about poetry and parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) \ No newline at end of file +All of the text in the Book of Joel is poetry. The ULB presents it in this way. The UDB, however, presents the text as prose. Translators may choose to use prose in their versions. Translators who want to translate the book as poetry should read about poetry and parallelism. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/jol/span.md b/jol/span.md index 01f94d76c..e38d03e08 100644 --- a/jol/span.md +++ b/jol/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [jol\01\05.md](../../v11/jol/01/05.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../jol/01/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../jol/01/07.md) +Old version of [zep\01\05.md](../../v11/zep/01/05.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) -Old version of [jol\01\05.md](../../v11/jol/01/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../jol/01/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../jol/01/07.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\05.md](../../v11/zep/01/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jon/01/intro.md b/jon/01/intro.md index 1b0323aa8..ea022ad9b 100644 --- a/jon/01/intro.md +++ b/jon/01/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ In verse [Jonah 17](./17.md), there is the mention of "a great fish." It may be ##### Situational irony ##### -There is an ironic situation in this chapter. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God's will. Instead, he is running away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to a "certain death" by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +There is an ironic situation in this chapter. Jonah is a prophet of God and should endeavor to do God's will. Instead, he is running away from God. Although the Gentile sailors are not Israelites, they act out of faith and fear of Yahweh when sending Jonah to a "certain death" by throwing him overboard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/willofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### Sea ##### diff --git a/jon/03/03.md b/jon/03/03.md index 703292e36..375bf72f2 100644 --- a/jon/03/03.md +++ b/jon/03/03.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ Here "word" represents Yahweh's message. AT: "the message of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh in obedience to the word of Yahweh +# So Jonah got up and went to Nineveh, according to the word of Yahweh "This time Jonah obeyed Yahweh and went to Nineveh" -# So Jonah got up +# Jonah got up -"So Jonah left the beach." "got up" refers to leaving the place Jonah was at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"Jonah left the beach." The words "got up" refer to preparing to go somewhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) # Now diff --git a/jon/03/intro.md b/jon/03/intro.md index c1d69f9f0..b8220ad85 100644 --- a/jon/03/intro.md +++ b/jon/03/intro.md @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ When the author talks about the size of Nineveh, the measurements he gives are c ##### God repenting or relenting ##### The last verse of this chapter says, "So then God changed his mind about the punishment that he had said he would do to them, and he did not do it." This concept of God changing His mind may be troubling for some translators and people may struggle to understand it. God's character is consistent. This whole book is written from a human viewpoint and so it is hard to understand the mind of God. -Yahweh is just and merciful so even though God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, God's plan is always to punish evil. Later in history this nation did fall and was destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +Yahweh is just and merciful so even though God did not follow through with a judgment in this instance, God's plan is always to punish evil. Later in history this nation did fall and was destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jon/front/intro.md b/jon/front/intro.md index 9baaae396..0cf8b5412 100644 --- a/jon/front/intro.md +++ b/jon/front/intro.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ #### What is the Book of Jonah about? #### -Jonah, son of Amittai, was a prophet from Gath Hepher (2 Kings 14:25). This book tells about what happened to Jonah. It tells how Yahweh shows mercy and grace to Gentiles. It also tells how the Ninevites repented and called out to Yahweh for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +Jonah, son of Amittai, was a prophet from Gath Hepher (2 Kings 14:25). This book tells about what happened to Jonah. It tells how Yahweh shows mercy and grace to Gentiles. It also tells how the Ninevites repented and called out to Yahweh for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) Yahweh sent Jonah to warn the people of Nineveh that he was ready to punish them. Yahweh said that if they would repent he would not harm them. However, Jonah was an Israelite and he did not want the Ninevites to repent. So Jonah tried to sail away in the opposite direction instead of doing what Yahweh told him to do. But Yahweh stopped him by sending a storm and a large fish to swallow him. @@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ Assyria was cruel to its enemies. Eventually, Yahweh punished the Assyrians for #### Did Assyria convert to Judaism? #### -Some scholars think that the Assyrians started worshiping Yahweh alone. However, most scholars think they continued to worship other false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) \ No newline at end of file +Some scholars think that the Assyrians started worshiping Yahweh alone. However, most scholars think they continued to worship other false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) diff --git a/jos/04/15.md b/jos/04/15.md index abfdc90b8..76d242fc5 100644 --- a/jos/04/15.md +++ b/jos/04/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # General Information: Yahweh tells Joshua to have the priests exit the Jordan River. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/joshua]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/command]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/arkofthecovenant]] diff --git a/jos/15/21.md b/jos/15/21.md index b43380a83..35a6cd9e9 100644 --- a/jos/15/21.md +++ b/jos/15/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: The writer lists the southern cities of which Judah took possession. The list continues through [Joshua 15:32](./29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/edom]] diff --git a/jos/15/25.md b/jos/15/25.md index f86b25ccf..65dc070cd 100644 --- a/jos/15/25.md +++ b/jos/15/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: The list of cities continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/beersheba]] diff --git a/jos/15/48.md b/jos/15/48.md index 9130d5245..12a9e69f2 100644 --- a/jos/15/48.md +++ b/jos/15/48.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/goshen]] diff --git a/jos/15/52.md b/jos/15/52.md index 9130d5245..c27bb3923 100644 --- a/jos/15/52.md +++ b/jos/15/52.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/hebron]] diff --git a/jos/15/55.md b/jos/15/55.md index 9130d5245..ac3ca846e 100644 --- a/jos/15/55.md +++ b/jos/15/55.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # Connecting Statement: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/carmel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jezreel]] diff --git a/jos/15/60.md b/jos/15/60.md index 9130d5245..2c2cccbb9 100644 --- a/jos/15/60.md +++ b/jos/15/60.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # Connecting Statement: The writer lists cities of which Judah took possession. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/desert]] diff --git a/jos/20/intro.md b/jos/20/intro.md index a49c3a2d3..39b5cbdae 100644 --- a/jos/20/intro.md +++ b/jos/20/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Cities of Refuge ##### -If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) +If a person was killed, it was the duty of his relatives to kill the killer. If the death was an accident, this would be unfair. Therefore, God told the Israelites to make cities of refuge for a person who killed someone accidentally. In the city where he sought refuge, his case would be solved legally: "Do this so that one who unintentionally kills a person can go there. These cities will be a place of refuge from anyone who seeks to avenge the blood of a person who was killed." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/refuge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/jos/24/13.md b/jos/24/13.md index fc7cb18b6..f22b17267 100644 --- a/jos/24/13.md +++ b/jos/24/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Joshua finishes quoting what Yahweh said about his dealings with his people. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/vineyard]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/olive]] diff --git a/jos/24/26.md b/jos/24/26.md index bcf0acf15..3ad704523 100644 --- a/jos/24/26.md +++ b/jos/24/26.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the book of the law of God +# the Book of the law of God This appears to be a continuation of the writings of Moses. diff --git a/jos/front/intro.md b/jos/front/intro.md index 1c500655f..9743923f6 100644 --- a/jos/front/intro.md +++ b/jos/front/intro.md @@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ This phrase appears many times in the Book of Joshua, but it does not always mea #### When should Joshua be translated? #### -The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books. \ No newline at end of file +The Book of Joshua should probably not be translated before Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This is because the historical events of Joshua will not be understood without the information in these previous books. diff --git a/jos/span.md b/jos/span.md index 42fcae646..b87e1fe16 100644 --- a/jos/span.md +++ b/jos/span.md @@ -1,258 +1,258 @@ -Old version of [jos\01\14.md](../../v11/jos/01/14.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../jos/01/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../jos/01/15.md) +Old version of [zep\01\14.md](../../v11/zep/01/14.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/01/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/01/15.md) -Old version of [jos\07\04.md](../../v11/jos/07/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../jos/07/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../jos/07/05.md) +Old version of [zep\07\04.md](../../v11/zep/07/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/07/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/07/05.md) -Old version of [jos\07\16.md](../../v11/jos/07/16.md) line number 21 has a 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37](../zep/19/37.md) -Old version of [jos\19\40.md](../../v11/jos/19/40.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 41](../jos/19/41.md) -* [Verse: 42](../jos/19/42.md) +Old version of [zep\19\40.md](../../v11/zep/19/40.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 41](../zep/19/41.md) +* [Verse: 42](../zep/19/42.md) -Old version of [jos\19\43.md](../../v11/jos/19/43.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../jos/19/43.md) -* [Verse: 44](../jos/19/44.md) -* [Verse: 45](../jos/19/45.md) -* [Verse: 46](../jos/19/46.md) +Old version of [zep\19\43.md](../../v11/zep/19/43.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/19/43.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/19/44.md) +* [Verse: 45](../zep/19/45.md) +* [Verse: 46](../zep/19/46.md) -Old version of [jos\20\05.md](../../v11/jos/20/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../jos/20/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../jos/20/06.md) +Old 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22](../jos/22/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../jos/22/23.md) +Old version of [zep\22\21.md](../../v11/zep/22/21.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/22/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/22/23.md) -Old version of [jos\24\05.md](../../v11/jos/24/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../jos/24/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../jos/24/06.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\24\05.md](../../v11/zep/24/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/24/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/24/06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/jud/front/intro.md b/jud/front/intro.md index 2bed08d85..e5334473b 100644 --- a/jud/front/intro.md +++ b/jud/front/intro.md @@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Jude." Or th #### Who were the people Jude spoke against? #### -It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same. \ No newline at end of file +It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same. diff --git a/lam/01/08.md b/lam/01/08.md index 5167417c6..27c9b1832 100644 --- a/lam/01/08.md +++ b/lam/01/08.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The city of Jerusalem is spoken of as if it were a woman. In Lamentations, Zion # Jerusalem sinned greatly, therefore, she has become scorned as something that is filthy -This speaks of Jerusalem being scorned in the same way that a woman is scorned when she is unclean. According to the Law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. AT: "Jerusalem's sins have made her filthy and unclean, and therefore she was unacceptable before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +This speaks of Jerusalem being scorned in the same way that a woman is scorned when she is unclean. According to the law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. AT: "Jerusalem's sins have made her filthy and unclean, and therefore she was unacceptable before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # Jerusalem sinned greatly diff --git a/lam/01/09.md b/lam/01/09.md index 43d3de4aa..58e38c2ff 100644 --- a/lam/01/09.md +++ b/lam/01/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # She has become unclean beneath her skirts -According to the Law of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. AT: "Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +According to the l of Moses, a woman was considered unclean during her monthly bleeding. This speaks of Jerusalem being unclean, as if it were a menstruating woman. AT: "Jerusalem has become unclean, as when a woman is unclean beneath her skirts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # unclean diff --git a/lam/03/20.md b/lam/03/20.md index 607499caf..55397d981 100644 --- a/lam/03/20.md +++ b/lam/03/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# I am bowed down within me +# my soul is bowed down within me -The author speaks of his deep sadness and despair as if he were bowed down. AT: "I am depressed" or "I am discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +"I am depressed" or "I am discouraged" diff --git a/lam/front/intro.md b/lam/front/intro.md index 12d2f1853..73caa2094 100644 --- a/lam/front/intro.md +++ b/lam/front/intro.md @@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ Lamentations is a collection of five poems. The Jewish exiles living in captivit #### Who are the woman and the man in Lamentations? #### -The author uses the image of an abandoned woman and a persecuted man to represent Judah and Jerusalem. He uses this type of personification to help readers understand the pain and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +The author uses the image of an abandoned woman and a persecuted man to represent Judah and Jerusalem. He uses this type of personification to help readers understand the pain and sorrow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) diff --git a/lam/span.md b/lam/span.md index cff6bf8f1..a376c917b 100644 --- a/lam/span.md +++ b/lam/span.md @@ -1,22 +1,22 @@ -Old version of [lam\02\01.md](../../v11/lam/02/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../lam/02/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../lam/02/02.md) +Old version of [zep\02\01.md](../../v11/zep/02/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/02/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/02/02.md) -Old version of [lam\02\01.md](../../v11/lam/02/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../lam/02/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../lam/02/02.md) +Old version of [zep\02\01.md](../../v11/zep/02/01.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/02/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/02/02.md) -Old version of [lam\02\18.md](../../v11/lam/02/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../lam/02/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../lam/02/19.md) +Old version of [zep\02\18.md](../../v11/zep/02/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/02/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/02/19.md) -Old version of [lam\03\34.md](../../v11/lam/03/34.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../lam/03/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../lam/03/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../lam/03/36.md) +Old version of [zep\03\34.md](../../v11/zep/03/34.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/03/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/03/35.md) +* [Verse: 36](../zep/03/36.md) -Old version of [lam\03\58.md](../../v11/lam/03/58.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 60](../lam/03/60.md) -* [Verse: 61](../lam/03/61.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\03\58.md](../../v11/zep/03/58.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 60](../zep/03/60.md) +* [Verse: 61](../zep/03/61.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/lev/01/intro.md b/lev/01/intro.md index 67ff3b310..f3aa1f61f 100644 --- a/lev/01/intro.md +++ b/lev/01/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ In Hebrew, this chapter begins with the word "and" indicating a connection with #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Atonement ##### -In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +In order to offer a sacrifice for the people, the priest first had to make an atonement for himself, in order to make himself clean. Only then would he be clean and be allowed to perform a sacrifice. These sacrificed animals had to be perfect, the best of all of the animals. A person was not allowed to bring an inferior animal to be sacrificed to Yahweh. These sacrifices also had to be offered in a very specific way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/07/37.md b/lev/07/37.md index ac08c2c11..e59870823 100644 --- a/lev/07/37.md +++ b/lev/07/37.md @@ -1,4 +1,17 @@ # Connecting Statement: This is the end of a speech started in verse [Leviticus 7:29](./28.md). +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/law]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/burntoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/grainoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sinoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/guiltoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peaceoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/command]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/moses]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/sinai]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/desert]] diff --git a/lev/12/intro.md b/lev/12/intro.md index 806a967a9..857db1879 100644 --- a/lev/12/intro.md +++ b/lev/12/intro.md @@ -1,8 +1,10 @@ # Leviticus 12 General Notes # #### Special concepts in this chapter #### + ##### Menstruation ##### -A woman was considered to be unclean after she began her monthly period and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) + +A woman was considered to be unclean after she began to bleed from her womb every month and after having a baby. This was because all blood was considered to be unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/13/31.md b/lev/13/31.md index 58f819473..78c3a3b24 100644 --- a/lev/13/31.md +++ b/lev/13/31.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses and Aaron what the people must do when someone has a skin disease. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] diff --git a/lev/15/18.md b/lev/15/18.md index e69de29bb..be902c892 100644 --- a/lev/15/18.md +++ b/lev/15/18.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# man lies with a woman + +This is a euphemism. AT: "man has sexual relations with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/lev/15/24.md b/lev/15/24.md index 05b271d91..6770f7ce0 100644 --- a/lev/15/24.md +++ b/lev/15/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# If any man lies with her + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "If any man has sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # her impure flow "her unclean flow" or "the blood from her womb" diff --git a/lev/15/33.md b/lev/15/33.md index 37d7748f7..ab53cac86 100644 --- a/lev/15/33.md +++ b/lev/15/33.md @@ -6,3 +6,7 @@ People whom other people may not touch are spoken of as if they were physically "who is menstruating" or "who is bleeding from her womb" +# who lies with + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "who has sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/lev/16/intro.md b/lev/16/intro.md index 10f35d721..6bc38c465 100644 --- a/lev/16/intro.md +++ b/lev/16/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Because Yahweh is holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. This could only happen on a specific day, by a specific person, and only after they offered the proper sacrifice to make themselves clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ##### Day of Atonement ##### -This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +This chapter gives rules for what the high priest had to do on the Day of Atonement. This was the most important day in Judaism. This is when he interceded for the sins of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/18/06.md b/lev/18/06.md index e69de29bb..f112df01c 100644 --- a/lev/18/06.md +++ b/lev/18/06.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# to uncover nakedness + +This is a euphemism. AT: "to have sexual relations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/lev/18/07.md b/lev/18/07.md index e69de29bb..5c6709e1e 100644 --- a/lev/18/07.md +++ b/lev/18/07.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Do not uncover the nakedness of + +This is a euphemism. AT: "Do not have sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you must not uncover her nakedness + +This is a euphemism. AT: "you must not have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/lev/18/08.md b/lev/18/08.md index c50608c63..e0fc0f4f0 100644 --- a/lev/18/08.md +++ b/lev/18/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # your father's wives -Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to sleep with any woman married to his father. +Sometimes men had more than one wife. God did not allow a son to have sexual intercourse with any woman married to his father. + +# it is your father's nakedness + +"you are dishonoring your father" diff --git a/lev/18/09.md b/lev/18/09.md index df9e9d3c8..6f7a879b8 100644 --- a/lev/18/09.md +++ b/lev/18/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ +# Do not uncover the nakedness of + +This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in ([Leviticus 18:7](./07.md). AT: "Do not have sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # whether she is the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother -This means a man cannot sleep with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. +This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister if they have the same parents or even if she has a different mother or father. # whether she was raised at your home or distant from you diff --git a/lev/18/10.md b/lev/18/10.md index e69de29bb..aeb603694 100644 --- a/lev/18/10.md +++ b/lev/18/10.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# their nakedness is your own nakedness + +"you will dishonor both them and yourself" + diff --git a/lev/18/11.md b/lev/18/11.md index 12acb49d6..aa67aa0f8 100644 --- a/lev/18/11.md +++ b/lev/18/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Do not sleep with your father's wife's daughter +# your father's wife's daughter -Possible meanings are 1) "Do not sleep with your half-sister" or 2) "Do not sleep with your stepsister." Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. +Possible meanings are 1) "your half-sister" or 2) "your stepsister." Here the man does not have the same father or mother as the woman. They became brother and sister when their parents married. diff --git a/lev/18/12.md b/lev/18/12.md index e69de29bb..b46bb3495 100644 --- a/lev/18/12.md +++ b/lev/18/12.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Do not uncover the nakedness of + +This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in ([Leviticus 18:7](./07.md). AT: "Do not have sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/lev/18/14.md b/lev/18/14.md index 6444519bf..fe238ab79 100644 --- a/lev/18/14.md +++ b/lev/18/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Do not go near her for that purpose +# you must not approach his wife -"Do not go to her in order to sleep with her" +You may have to make explicit the purpose of the approach. AT: "do not go to his wife in order to have sexual intercourse with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/lev/18/15.md b/lev/18/15.md index 94b9a96af..84aa29ac3 100644 --- a/lev/18/15.md +++ b/lev/18/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ -# do not sleep with her +# Do not uncover the nakedness of -Yahweh repeats this in order to emphasize the command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in ([Leviticus 18:7](./07.md). AT: "Do not have sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# you must not uncover her nakedness + +This is a euphemism. AT: "you must not have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/lev/18/16.md b/lev/18/16.md index e69de29bb..3b5ede71b 100644 --- a/lev/18/16.md +++ b/lev/18/16.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# that is your brother's nakedness + +"if you do that, you will also dishonor your brother" + diff --git a/lev/18/17.md b/lev/18/17.md index e69de29bb..8dafbdff5 100644 --- a/lev/18/17.md +++ b/lev/18/17.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Do not uncover the nakedness of + +This is a euphemism. See how this is translated in ([Leviticus 18:7](./07.md). AT: "Do not have sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# to uncover her nakedness + +"to have sexual relations with her" + diff --git a/lev/18/19.md b/lev/18/19.md index 52185114a..316a8bb91 100644 --- a/lev/18/19.md +++ b/lev/18/19.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# menstruation +# to uncover her nakedness -This is the period of time when a woman bleeds from her womb. +"to have sexual relations with her" -# She is unclean +# the time of her uncleanness -The woman whom other people may not touch is spoken of as if he were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +This is the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb. diff --git a/lev/18/22.md b/lev/18/22.md index e69de29bb..10a22d943 100644 --- a/lev/18/22.md +++ b/lev/18/22.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Do not lie with + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "Do not have sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# This would be wicked + +Here "wicked" refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be. + diff --git a/lev/18/23.md b/lev/18/23.md index ed96239e9..b859c07d1 100644 --- a/lev/18/23.md +++ b/lev/18/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# This would be perversion +# to lie with it -Here "perversion" refers to a violation of the natural order of things as Yahweh intended them to be. +This is a euphemism. AT: "to have sexual relations with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/lev/18/intro.md b/lev/18/intro.md index e742823fe..711389b82 100644 --- a/lev/18/intro.md +++ b/lev/18/intro.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Sexual morality ##### +##### Uncovering nakedness ##### -This chapter gives certain standards for sexual morality. +To "uncover nakedness" is a euphemism for having sexual relations with someone. This chapter gives many examples of people with whom Israelites were not to have sexual relations. ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/19/20.md b/lev/19/20.md index 57ef9f2e7..41c84738b 100644 --- a/lev/19/20.md +++ b/lev/19/20.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# lies with + +This is a euphemism. AT: "has sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # who is promised to a husband This can be translated in active form. AT: "who is engaged to marry another man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) @@ -6,9 +10,9 @@ This can be translated in active form. AT: "who is engaged to marry another man" This can be translated in active form. AT: "but whom her future husband has not ransomed or given her freedom" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# they must be punished +# must be punished -This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must punish the slave girl and the man who slept with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. AT: "you must punish them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # They must not be put to death diff --git a/lev/19/intro.md b/lev/19/intro.md index 65fbcea37..7933470dc 100644 --- a/lev/19/intro.md +++ b/lev/19/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Obeying Yahweh ##### -Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person's life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person's life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +Being holy meant obeying Yahweh in all matters of a person's life. It is not limited to offering correct sacrifices. The law helped to establish righteousness in a person's life, as well as justice in Israel. In Israel, these concepts are closely related. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/20/13.md b/lev/20/13.md index a8f42177d..a65e71bb3 100644 --- a/lev/20/13.md +++ b/lev/20/13.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# a man sleeps with +# lies with -This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with another man. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "a man had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a euphemism. AT: "had sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # as with a woman diff --git a/lev/20/15.md b/lev/20/15.md index 57b533e97..df187a9d0 100644 --- a/lev/20/15.md +++ b/lev/20/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# has sexual relations with + +This is a euphemism. AT: "has sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # he must surely be put to death This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must surely put him to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/lev/20/16.md b/lev/20/16.md index 21bef565e..5d7e8cef1 100644 --- a/lev/20/16.md +++ b/lev/20/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# lies with it + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "has sexual relations with it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # you must kill the woman and the animal. They must certainly be put to death Both clauses mean the same thing. They emphasize that the woman and animal must die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) diff --git a/lev/20/17.md b/lev/20/17.md index 0fc40306f..5d1e96458 100644 --- a/lev/20/17.md +++ b/lev/20/17.md @@ -1,16 +1,20 @@ -# a man sleeps with +# takes -This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his sister. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "a man had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a euphemism. AT: "has sexual relations with" or 2) it simply means "to marry." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother -This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "whether it is his full sister or half-sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This means a man cannot have sexual intercourse with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: "whether it is his full sister or half-sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# must be cut off from +# he uncovers her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness -A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +"they have sexual relations" -# He must carry his guilt +# has uncovered the nakedness of + +This is a euphemism. AT: "has had sexual relations with" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# he must carry his guilt This phrase means the man is responsibile for his sin. AT: "He is responsible for his sin" or "You must punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/lev/20/18.md b/lev/20/18.md index 06453345e..afec27ac8 100644 --- a/lev/20/18.md +++ b/lev/20/18.md @@ -1,10 +1,18 @@ +# must be cut off from + +A person being excluded from his community is spoken of as if he had been cut off from his people, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. This can be translated in active form. See how you translated this idea in [Leviticus 7:20](../07/20.md). AT: "that person may no longer live among his people" or "you must separate that person from his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + # menstrual period -the time when a woman bleeds from her womb +the time every month when a woman bleeds from her womb -# he has uncovered the flow of her blood, the source of her blood +# he has uncovered her flow, the fountain of her blood -This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated clearly. AT: "he has done a shameful thing by by uncovering the flow of her blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This phrase compares having sex with a woman during her menstrual period to removing the cover off of something that should remain hidden. The fact that this was a shameful thing to do can be stated clearly. AT: "he has done a shameful thing by uncovering the flow of her blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +# a man lies with a woman + +This is a euphemism. AT: "a man has sexual relations with a woman" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) # Both the man and woman must be cut off diff --git a/lev/20/19.md b/lev/20/19.md index 78a367f58..d89695051 100644 --- a/lev/20/19.md +++ b/lev/20/19.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# You must not uncover the nakedness of your mother's sister + +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "You must not have sexual relations with your mother's sister" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # You must carry your own guilt The idiom "carry your own guilt" means "you are responsible for your own sin." AT: "You are responsible for your sin" or "I will punish you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/lev/20/20.md b/lev/20/20.md index 7252ae5f8..57b66dd96 100644 --- a/lev/20/20.md +++ b/lev/20/20.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# sleeps with +# man lies with his aunt -This is a polite way of saying that he had sex with his aunt. Some languages use more direct phrases such as "had sex with." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. AT: "man has sexual relations with his aunt" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/lev/20/21.md b/lev/20/21.md index 42a8a603d..76a6397b5 100644 --- a/lev/20/21.md +++ b/lev/20/21.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# If a man marries his brother's wife + +This is a euphemism. AT: "If a man marries his brother's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # I will take away from their children any property they may have inherited from their parents Many versions of the Bible translate this as "they will die childless." diff --git a/lev/20/intro.md b/lev/20/intro.md index f9c3fc4e9..6d43a0238 100644 --- a/lev/20/intro.md +++ b/lev/20/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This chapter compiles a list of serious sins. The most serious sins are punished ##### Euphemism ##### -"To see someone's nakedness" means to live as husband and wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"To see someone's nakedness" means to live as husband wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ##### Metaphor ##### The phrase "you must carry your own guilt" is a metaphor. It is unknown what this means, but it is possible it indicates a penalty of death. diff --git a/lev/21/intro.md b/lev/21/intro.md index 04f5fe67e..46016153b 100644 --- a/lev/21/intro.md +++ b/lev/21/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Priests must be holy ##### -Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +Priests must be separate from the rest of the world. Priests should not do anything that would be unclean. They also cannot be unclean because of a birth defect, and they must not marry an unclean woman. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/22/10.md b/lev/22/10.md index c828c7663..8a5dfdd1f 100644 --- a/lev/22/10.md +++ b/lev/22/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,10 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what Aaron and his sons must do. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/family]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/servant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/house]] diff --git a/lev/22/intro.md b/lev/22/intro.md index eec6e777a..065f74745 100644 --- a/lev/22/intro.md +++ b/lev/22/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Holy things ##### -Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +Priests who are unclean must not touch any holy thing. The things in the temple and involved in sacrifices must remain clean. An unclean priest would cause anything he touched to become unclean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/23/19.md b/lev/23/19.md index 8870792c9..fd20e7614 100644 --- a/lev/23/19.md +++ b/lev/23/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,19 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/goat]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sinoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fellowshipoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/bread]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/preach]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/assembly]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/statute]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/generation]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] diff --git a/lev/23/35.md b/lev/23/35.md index 7c99b60e1..6263023a5 100644 --- a/lev/23/35.md +++ b/lev/23/35.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh is giving instructions for the Festival of Shelters. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/assembly]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/burntoffering]] diff --git a/lev/23/intro.md b/lev/23/intro.md index 4c10ca8f2..7b136e2ca 100644 --- a/lev/23/intro.md +++ b/lev/23/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### ##### The feasts ##### -The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) +The people should celebrate the Sabbath, the Passover, the Feast of First Fruits, the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement and the Feast of Booths. These feasts were important for the religious life of Israel. They were a part of proper worship of Yahweh and the identity of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/26/14.md b/lev/26/14.md index 101d0798b..b61fa86fe 100644 --- a/lev/26/14.md +++ b/lev/26/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,11 @@ # General Information: Yahweh is telling Moses what will happen if the people do not obey his commands. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/obey]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/command]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reject]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/decree]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/obey]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] diff --git a/lev/26/intro.md b/lev/26/intro.md index e1a63fb6e..bf059665d 100644 --- a/lev/26/intro.md +++ b/lev/26/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Worship only Yahweh ##### -If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +If people obey God and worship only him, he will bless and protect them. If people disobey his law and if they worship other gods, then he will severely punish them to help them to repent and begin obeying him. This takes the form of a promise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/lev/front/intro.md b/lev/front/intro.md index 312080e0d..c3f883943 100644 --- a/lev/front/intro.md +++ b/lev/front/intro.md @@ -86,4 +86,4 @@ Oil was poured on someone or something meant to be set apart for Yahweh. Water w #### Why do many sections begin with the phrase "Yahweh said to Moses?" #### -This phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as "God told Moses." \ No newline at end of file +This phrase shows the reader that these rules come from God and must be obeyed. You could also translate this as "God told Moses." diff --git a/lev/span.md b/lev/span.md index 468a4241c..9e11db67d 100644 --- a/lev/span.md +++ b/lev/span.md @@ -1,129 +1,129 @@ -Old version of [lev\01\01.md](../../v11/lev/01/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../lev/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../lev/01/02.md) +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) -Old version of [lev\01\12.md](../../v11/lev/01/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../lev/01/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../lev/01/13.md) +Old version of [zep\01\12.md](../../v11/zep/01/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/01/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/01/13.md) -Old version of [lev\03\09.md](../../v11/lev/03/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../lev/03/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../lev/03/10.md) +Old version of [zep\03\09.md](../../v11/zep/03/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/03/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/03/10.md) -Old version of [lev\03\09.md](../../v11/lev/03/09.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../lev/03/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../lev/03/10.md) +Old version of [zep\03\09.md](../../v11/zep/03/09.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/03/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/03/10.md) -Old version of [lev\04\01.md](../../v11/lev/04/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../lev/04/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../lev/04/02.md) +Old version of [zep\04\01.md](../../v11/zep/04/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/04/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/04/02.md) -Old version of [lev\04\08.md](../../v11/lev/04/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../lev/04/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../lev/04/09.md) +Old version of [zep\04\08.md](../../v11/zep/04/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/04/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/04/09.md) -Old version of [lev\04\11.md](../../v11/lev/04/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../lev/04/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../lev/04/12.md) +Old version of [zep\04\11.md](../../v11/zep/04/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/04/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/04/12.md) -Old version of [lev\06\08.md](../../v11/lev/06/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../lev/06/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../lev/06/09.md) +Old version of [zep\06\08.md](../../v11/zep/06/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/06/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/06/09.md) -Old version of [lev\06\24.md](../../v11/lev/06/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../lev/06/24.md) -* 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a/luk/01/06.md +++ b/luk/01/06.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "in God's sight" or "in God's opinion" -# all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord +# all the commandments and statutes of the Lord "all that the Lord had commanded and required" diff --git a/luk/01/34.md b/luk/01/34.md index 4446ee2cf..a9d785364 100644 --- a/luk/01/34.md +++ b/luk/01/34.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Though Mary did not understand how it could happen, she did not doubt that it would happen. -# I have not slept with any man +# I have not known any man Mary used this polite expression to say that she had not engaged in sexual activity. AT: "I am a virgin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/luk/01/intro.md b/luk/01/intro.md index e7003580d..b8681ad29 100644 --- a/luk/01/intro.md +++ b/luk/01/intro.md @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "He will be called John" ##### + Most people in the ancient Near East would give a child the same name as someone in their families. People were surprised that Elizabeth and Zechariah named their son John because there was no one else in their family with that name. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/luk/03/intro.md b/luk/03/intro.md index 8c29c6e6b..983f70a79 100644 --- a/luk/03/intro.md +++ b/luk/03/intro.md @@ -2,30 +2,26 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:4-6, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:4-6, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### How people who want to please God should live ##### - -John told all the people that they were to share what they had with poor people, and he told those who had the power to take money by force not to do it, +##### Justice ##### +John's instructions to the soldiers and tax collectors in this chapter are not complicated. They are things that should have been obvious to them. He instructed them to live justly. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [Luke 3:12-15](./12.md)) ##### Genealogy ##### - -A genealogy is a list that records a person's ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could become king. Most important people had records of their genealogies. - +A genealogy is a list which records a person's ancestors or descendants. Such lists were very important in determining who had the right be king, because the king's authority was usually passed down or inherited from his father. It was also common for other important people to have a recorded genealogy. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Metaphors ##### +##### Metaphor ##### -Luke took words that Isaiah the prophet had written long ago and applied them to John. Isaiah had told the people of Israel to prepare for God to save them. He did this by speaking to them as if they were people making a good, straight road for a king to travel by cutting down the high places and filling in the low places. Luke used Isaiah's words so the reader would understand that John was telling the Jews to repent so God could save them. +Prophecy often involves the use of metaphors to express its meaning. Spiritual discernment is needed for proper interpretation of the prophecy. The prophecy of Isaiah is an extended metaphor describing the ministry of John the Baptist ([Luke 3:4-6](./04.md)). Translation is difficult. It is suggested that the translator treat each line of the ULB as a separate metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Telling events out of order ##### - -While John was exhorting and preaching to the people ([Luke 3:1-18](./01.md)), he also baptized Jesus ([Luke 3:21-22](./21.md)), and he also reproved Herod for marrying his brother's wife ([Luke 3:19](./18.md)), After John had baptized Jesus, Herod locked John in prison ([Luke 3:20](./18.md)). Luke did not say whether Jesus began his ministry ([Luke 3:23](./23.md)) before or after Herod had put John in prison. +##### "(Herod) had John locked up in prison" ##### +This event can cause confusion because the author says John was imprisoned and then says he was baptizing Jesus. The author probably uses this phrase in anticipation of Herod's imprisonment of John. This would mean that this statement is still in the future at the time of the narrative. ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/04/intro.md b/luk/04/intro.md index bd04fc747..bb45b5350 100644 --- a/luk/04/intro.md +++ b/luk/04/intro.md @@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:10-11, 18-19, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:10-11, 18-19, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Jesus was tempted by the devil ##### - While it is true that the devil sincerely believed that he could persuade Jesus to obey him, it is important not to imply that Jesus actually ever really wanted to obey him. ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/05/30.md b/luk/05/30.md index 02cd4c6ee..42c364ae9 100644 --- a/luk/05/30.md +++ b/luk/05/30.md @@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ "to Jesus' disciples" -# Why do you eat ... sinful people? +# Why do you eat ... sinners? The Pharisees and scribes ask this question to express their disapproval that Jesus' disciples are eating with sinners. AT: "You should not eat with sinners!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -# you eat and drink with ... sinful people +# sinners + +people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins + +# you eat and drink with ... sinners The Pharisees and scribes believed that religious people should separate themselves from people they consider to be sinners. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/luk/05/32.md b/luk/05/32.md index 78fbc2e1c..3dfdee77f 100644 --- a/luk/05/32.md +++ b/luk/05/32.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ -# righteous people +# I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance -Some people think they are righteous. Jesus refers to them by the way they think about themselves even though he knows that they are not righteous. AT: "people who think they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +Anyone who wants to follow Jesus has to think of himself as a sinner, not as righteous. + +# the righteous + +This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "righteous people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) diff --git a/luk/05/intro.md b/luk/05/intro.md index 8b1823d05..b20937347 100644 --- a/luk/05/intro.md +++ b/luk/05/intro.md @@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ ##### "You will catch men" ##### -Peter, James, and John were fishermen. When Jesus told them that they would catch men, they knew that that was a metaphor for helping people believe the good news about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Peter, James, and John were fishermen. When Jesus told them that they would catch men, he was using a metaphor to tell them he wanted them to help people believe the good news about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -##### "Sinful people" ##### +##### Sinners ##### -The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." What they meant was people who seemed to have no concern for keeping the Law of Moses. However, Luke treats the term "sinners" in an ironic way, because Jesus says that he came to call sinners to repent. By "sinners," Jesus was referring to anyone guilty of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Fasting and Feasting ##### - was often done during times of repentance. It was not done during joyous times. Because the time in which Jesus was with his disciples was a joyous time, he did not tell them to fast until after he was no longer with them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +People would fast, or not eat food for a long time, when they were sad or were showing God that they were sorry for their sins. When they were happy, like during weddings, they would have feasts, or meals where they would eat much food. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fast]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### @@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ Jesus uses a hypothetical situation to condemn the Pharisees. This passage inclu In several parts of this chapter the author left some information implicit that his original readers would have understood and thought about. Modern readers might not know some of those things, so they might have trouble understanding all that the author was communicating. The UDB often shows how that information can be presented so that modern readers will be able to understand those passages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Past Events ##### + Parts of this chapter are sequences of events that have already happened. In a given passage, Luke sometimes writes as if the events have already happened while other events are still in progress (even though they are complete at the time he writes). This can cause difficulty in translation by creating an illogical order of events. It may be necessary to make these consistent by writing as if all the events have already happened. ##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 5:24](./22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/06/intro.md b/luk/06/intro.md index bd259d2f2..d5044b667 100644 --- a/luk/06/intro.md +++ b/luk/06/intro.md @@ -2,34 +2,49 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Luke 6:20-49 contains many blessings and woes which appear to correspond to Matthew 5-7. This part of Matthew has traditionally been called the "Sermon on the Mount." In Luke, they are not as connected to a teaching on the kingdom of God as they are in Matthew's gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) +Luke 6:20-49 contains many blessings and woes that appear to correspond to Matthew 5-7. This part of Matthew has traditionally been called the "Sermon on the Mount." In Luke, they are not as connected to a teaching on the kingdom of God as they are in Matthew's gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Eating the grain" ##### -It was a culturally acceptable practice for travelers to pluck and eat small amounts of grain from plants in fields they traveled through or near. The law of Moses required farmers to allow this. The Pharisees considered it to be "gleaning," and thus working, and because the law of Moses forbade working on the Sabbath, the Pharisees forbade plucking and eating grain on the Sabbath. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) + +When the disciples plucked and ate the grain in a field they were walking through on the Sabbath ([Luke 6:1](./01.md)), the Pharisees said that they were breaking the law of Moses. The Pharisees said that the disciples were doing work by picking the grain and so disobeying God's command to rest and not work on the Sabbath. + +The Pharisees did not think the disciples were stealing. That is because the law of Moses required farmers to allow travelers to pluck and eat small amounts of grain from plants in fields they traveled through or near. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Metaphor ##### -It was common for Jesus to use metaphors as a way to teach people about complex spiritual truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +Metaphors are pictures of visible objects that speakers use to explain invisible truths. Jesus used a metaphor of a generous grain merchant to teach his people to be generous ([Luke 6:38](./38.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -Jesus used rhetorical questions to teach people and to condemn them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +Rhetorical questions are questions to which the speaker already knows the answer. The Pharisees scolded Jesus by asking him a rhetorical question when they thought he was breaking the Sabbath ([Luke 6:2](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Implicit information ##### -Luke often includes information that would have been implicitly understood by people in the ancient Near East that may not be understood by people in a different culture today. An example is the expectation of a time of judgment in the future or possibly that people will be judged at the end of their life ([Luke 6:37](./37.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + +Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When Luke wrote that the disciples were rubbing the heads of grain between their hands, he expected his reader to know that they were separating the part they would eat from what they would throw away ([Luke 6:1](./01.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### The twelve disciples ##### -The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. -In Mark: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. +The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: -In Luke: Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James, the son of Alphaeus, Simon, who was called the Zealot, Judas, the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. +In Matthew: -It is probable that Thaddaeus and Judas, the son of James, are two names of the same person. +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. + +In Mark: + +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. + +In Luke: + +Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. + +Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James. ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/07/intro.md b/luk/07/intro.md index 0d9c87f19..5dac1480c 100644 --- a/luk/07/intro.md +++ b/luk/07/intro.md @@ -4,26 +4,31 @@ Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 7:27. -There are times in the narrative of this chapter where there is an abrupt change in topic. The translator should not feel the need to smooth these rough transitions. +Several times in this chapter Luke changes his topic without marking the change. You should not try to make these rough changes smooth. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Centurion ##### -This situation would have been very unusual in ancient Israel. It would not have been common for a Roman soldier to go to an Israelite for anything. They would have been insignificant to the Romans and they would not have sought healing from a Jew. It would also have been unusual for a wealthy man to be so concerned for his slave. It is a great display of faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +The centurion who asked Jesus to heal his slave ([Luke 7:2](./02.md) was doing many unusual things. A Roman soldier would almost never go to a Jew for anything, and most wealthy people did not love or care for their slaves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/centurion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### John's Baptism ##### -The baptism John performed was different than the baptism that the church practices. John's baptism was meant to signal that those receiving had repented of their sin. This is why the Pharisees did not participate in John's baptism. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +John baptized people to show that those he was baptizing knew they were sinners and were sorry for their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### "Sinners" ##### -Luke refers to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders considered these people to be hopelessly ignorant of the Law of Moses, and so called them "sinners." In reality, the leaders were sinful. This situation can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +Luke refers to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders considered these people to be hopelessly ignorant of the law of Moses, and so called them "sinners." In reality, the leaders were sinful. This situation can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) ##### "Feet" ##### -Feet were considered to be very dirty in the Ancient Near East. It would have been a very humble act for this woman to wash Jesus' feet and was a way to show honor to Jesus. + +The feet of the people in the ancient Near East were very dirty because they wore sandals and the roads and trails were dusty and muddy. Only slaves washed other people's feet. The woman who washed Jesus' feet was showing him great honor. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 7:34](./33.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/08/08.md b/luk/08/08.md index cdbce7f30..270dde3f0 100644 --- a/luk/08/08.md +++ b/luk/08/08.md @@ -6,15 +6,7 @@ This means a hundred times more than the seeds that were sown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) -# Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear +# He who has ears to hear, let him hear -It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) - -# Whoever has ears to hear - -Possible meanings are 1) "Everyone" since everyone has ears or 2) "Whoever has the ability to understand" which refers to those who are willing to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# let him hear - -"he should listen well" or "he should pay attention to what I say" +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/luk/08/intro.md b/luk/08/intro.md index 708a3f728..56a3f8d68 100644 --- a/luk/08/intro.md +++ b/luk/08/intro.md @@ -2,24 +2,25 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -There are times in the narrative of this chapter where there is an abrupt change in topic. The translator should not feel the need to smooth these rough transitions. +Several times in this chapter Luke changes his topic without marking the change. You should not try to make these rough changes smooth. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Miracles ##### -Jesus performed miracles to show that he could control things that no other people could control. He also showed that it is proper to worship him because he performed miracles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) +Jesus made a storm stop by speaking to it, he made a dead girl alive by speaking to her, and he made evil spirits leave a man by speaking to them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Parables ##### -A parable is a short story used to illustrate a moral or religious lesson. This chapter has an extended parable, revealing truth to those who have faith in Jesus. Parables also conceal these same truths from those who reject Jesus. They usually take the form of stories. +The parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people would easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. He also told the stories so that those who did not want to believe in him would not understand the truth ([Luke 8:4-15](./04.md)). #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Brother and Sisters ##### -This chapter introduces the concept of "spiritual" brothers and sisters. Scripture often uses these terms to refer to the relationship between fellow Israelites. Here, those who follow Jesus are now referred to as brothers and sisters. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) +##### Brothers and sisters ##### + +Most people call those who have the same parents "brother" and "sister" and think of them as the most important people in their lives. Many people also call those with the same grandparents "brother" and "sister." In this chapter Jesus says that the most important people to him are those who obey his Father in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/09/31.md b/luk/09/31.md index ad052bc99..7de13e9d4 100644 --- a/luk/09/31.md +++ b/luk/09/31.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# who appeared in glorious splendor +# who appeared in glory This phrase gives information about how Moses and Elijah looked. Some languages would translate it as a separate clause. AT: "and they appeared in glorious splendor" or "and they were shining brightly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]]) diff --git a/luk/09/intro.md b/luk/09/intro.md index 9ecb355a8..a13e9c8e4 100644 --- a/luk/09/intro.md +++ b/luk/09/intro.md @@ -3,30 +3,34 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "To preach the kingdom of God" ##### -There is some controversy among scholars about whether the kingdom of God here refers to the reign of God on earth or the gospel message (Jesus died for the sins of man). It is best to translate this as "to preach about the kingdom of God" or "to teach them about how God was going to show himself as king." It is best not to treat it as a metaphor for the gospel because it is unnecessary here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +No one knows for sure what the words "kingdom of God" here refer to. Some say it refers to the reign of God on earth, and others say it refers to the gospel message that Jesus died to pay for the his people's sins. It is best to translate this as "to preach about the kingdom of God" or "to teach them about how God was going to show himself as king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ##### Elijah ##### -The prophet Malachi prophesied that one day Elijah would return before the Messiah came. Jesus explains that John the Baptist fulfilled this prophecy by serving God in the same manner as Elijah. Elijah is mentioned in two different ways in this chapter, the actual person of Elijah and the metaphorical return of Elijah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +God had promised the Jews that the prophet Elijah would return before the Messiah came, so some people who saw Jesus do miracles thought Jesus was Elijah ([Luke 9:9](./07.md), [Luke 9:19](./18.md)). However, Elijah did come to earth to speak with Jesus ([Luke 9:30](./30.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/elijah]]) ##### "Kingdom of God" ##### + The term "kingdom of God" is used in this chapter to refer to a kingdom that was still in the future when the words were spoken. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) -##### "They saw his [Jesus'] glory" ##### +##### Glory ##### -The glory of God is seen as a great, brilliant light in Scripture. God's grandeur always produces fear in the person who sees it. Such an event, presented in this chapter, is called the "transfiguration," in which Jesus is changed or transfigured so that he shows some of his divine glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) +Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. Luke says in this chapter that Jesus' clothing shone with this glorious light so that his followers could see that Jesus truly was God's Son. At the same time, God told them that Jesus was his Son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. An example in this chapter is: "Whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it." ([Luke 9:24](./23.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. An example in this chapter is: "Whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it." ([Luke 9:24](./23.md)). -##### Son of Man ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this passage. Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 9:22](./20.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ##### "Receiving" ##### -The ULB uses this word several times in this chapter with a variety of meanings. Jesus says, "If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me" ([Luke 9:48](./46.md)). In this verse, "receiving" could be translated as "serving." In another verse it is said, "the people there did not receive him" ([Luke 9:53](./51.md)). In this verse, "receive" can be translated as "believe" or "accept." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) + +This word appears several times in this chapter and means different things. When Jesus says, "If someone receives a little child like this in my name, he also is receiving me, and if someone receives me, he is also receiving the one who sent me" ([Luke 9:48](./46.md)), he is speaking of people serving the child. When Luke says, "the people there did not receive him" ([Luke 9:53](./51.md)), he means that the people did not believe in or accept Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/10/intro.md b/luk/10/intro.md index 748c110dd..95ca150c3 100644 --- a/luk/10/intro.md +++ b/luk/10/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Harvest ##### -Harvest is a common image used in the New Testament. Having people come to faith in Jesus is referred to as a harvest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) -##### "Was a neighbor" ##### -The concept of "being a neighbor" was important in the culture of the ancient Near East, which greatly valued hospitality. In this chapter, "neighbor" is used in reference to someone who lives nearby or possibly another person in general. "Was a neighbor" is also used to mean "was being a good neighbor." +Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +##### Neighbor ##### + +A neighbor is anyone who lives nearby. The Jews helped their Jewish neighbors who needed help, and they expected their Jewish neighbors to help them. Jesus wanted them to understand that people who were not Jews were also their neighbors, so he told them a parable ([Luke 10:29-36](./29.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/11/intro.md b/luk/11/intro.md index 48cf80608..090656790 100644 --- a/luk/11/intro.md +++ b/luk/11/intro.md @@ -8,16 +8,19 @@ The ULB sets the lines in 11:2-4 farther to the right on the page than the rest ##### The Lord's Prayer ##### -This is not a prayer to be recited repeatedly, although this prayer can be used in that way. Instead, it provides a model for how Christians are to pray. +When Jesus' followers asked him to teach them how to pray, he taught them this prayer. He did not expect them to use the same words every time they prayed, but he did want them to know what God wanted them to pray about. ##### Jonah ##### -Jonah was an Old Testament prophet of some significance but not a great deal of significance. He called a Gentile nation to repent of their sins and they obeyed. These events cause the Jewish prophet to be upset with God's grace being shown to Gentiles. This chapter finds a parallel with the future attitude of the Jews, their lack of repentance and eventually becoming upset with God for the grace he shows to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) -##### Light ##### -Light is a common image in Scripture used to represent righteousness. Light is also used to show the path of righteousness and to show righteous living. Darkness is often used as an image to represent sin or unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +Jonah was an Old Testament prophet who was sent to the Gentile city of Nineveh to tell them to repent. When he told them to repent, they repented. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) + +##### Light and darkness ##### + +The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### Washing ##### -This was a practice done by the Pharisees, but it was not an obligation according to the law of Moses. The Pharisees had many rituals involving washing in an attempt to make themselves clean. This is ironic because no amount of water could make them spiritually clean. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) + +The Pharisees would wash themselves and the things they ate with. They would even wash things that were not dirty. The law of Moses did not tell them to wash these things, but they would wash them anyway. This was because they thought that if they obeyed both the rules that God had made and some rules that God had not made, God would think that they were better people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/12/intro.md b/luk/12/intro.md index a142ab6d8..115dde54c 100644 --- a/luk/12/intro.md +++ b/luk/12/intro.md @@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ ##### "Blasphemy against the Spirit" ##### -There is a great deal of controversy regarding properly identifying this specific sin. However, it seems to involve insulting the Holy Spirit and his work. Since part of his work is to convince people that they are sinners and that they need God's forgiveness, anyone who mocked this truth would be unwilling to come in repentance to God. For this reason, he would not be forgiven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +No one knows for sure what actions people perform or what words they say when they commit this sin. However, they probably insult the Holy Spirit and his work. Part of the Holy Spirit's work is to make people understand that they are sinners and that they need to have God forgive them. Therefore, anyone who does not try to stop sinning is probably committing blasphemy against the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]]) -##### Stewardship ##### -Although the word "steward" is not used in this chapter, stewardship, which is the work of a steward, is a concept that plays a significant part of the teaching in it. A good steward is a person whom others can trust to handle what belongs to them. Because everything always belongs to God, everything he gives each person still belongs to God, and the person who receives gifts from God is really a steward of what belongs to God. This includes not only the physical objects that God allows a person to control, but also such things as that person's natural abilities. God expects his stewards to remember that at any time he might command them to report how they have been handling what he has given them to be stewards over. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) +##### Servants ##### + +God expects his people to remember that everything in the world belongs to God. God gives his people things so they can serve him. He wants them to please him by doing what he wants them to do with everything he has given them. One day Jesus will ask his servants what they have done with everything he gave them to use. He will give a reward to those who have done what he wanted them to do, and he will punish those who have not. ##### Division ##### -There is an important teaching about division in this chapter ([Luke 12:51-56](./51.md)). This division is not intended to imply that people will become enemies. Instead, it references that there is now a clear division in the world between those who are Christians and those who are not. One's identity as a follower of Jesus is more significant than any family relation. + +Jesus knew that those who did not choose to follow him would hate those who did choose to follow him. He also knew that most people love their families more than they love anyone else. So he wanted his followers to understand that following and pleasing him had to be more important to them than having their family love them ([Luke 12:51-56](./51.md)). #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Some languages may not allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]]) -##### General and Specific Instructions ##### -There are times that the New Testament gives specific instructions or commands that always apply to all Christians. At other times, its instructions are considered to be more general instructions and should only be taken as "good ideas." For example, "do not be anxious" or "sell your possessions" are not meant to be instructions to all Christians. +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 12;8](./08.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/13/intro.md b/luk/13/intro.md index 5731bdffe..46c90bd3b 100644 --- a/luk/13/intro.md +++ b/luk/13/intro.md @@ -1,15 +1,14 @@ # Luke 13 General Notes # -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Assumed Knowledge ##### -This chapter begins with references to two events, the details of which have not been preserved ([Luke 13:1-5](./01.md)). Despite this lack of knowledge, the teaching still makes sense to the modern reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Unknown events ##### -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +The people and Jesus speak about two events that they knew about but about which no one today knows anything except what Luke has written ([Luke 13:1-5](./01.md)). Your translation should tell only what Luke tells. -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "those who are least important will be first, and those who are most important will be last" ([Luke 13:30](./28.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "those who are least important will be first, and those who are most important will be last" ([Luke 13:30](./28.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/14/35.md b/luk/14/35.md index d70f53551..841dc9ce7 100644 --- a/luk/14/35.md +++ b/luk/14/35.md @@ -8,11 +8,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "Someone just throws it away" (See: [[rc: # He who has ears to hear, let him hear -It may be more natural in some languages to use the second person: "You who have ears to hear, hear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) - -# He who has ears to hear - -Possible meanings are 1) "Everyone," since normal people have ears, or 2) "Whoever has the ability to understand," which refers to those who are willing to listen to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how these words are translated in [Luke 8:8](../08/08.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # let him hear diff --git a/luk/14/intro.md b/luk/14/intro.md index 73be01be7..dc183eb45 100644 --- a/luk/14/intro.md +++ b/luk/14/intro.md @@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ Verse 3 says, "Jesus asked the experts in the Jewish law and the Pharisees, 'Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not?'" Many times, the Pharisees got angry with Jesus for healing on the Sabbath. In this passage, Jesus dumbfounds the Pharisees. It was normally the Pharisees who tried to trap Jesus. -##### Abrupt transitions ##### +##### Changes of subject ##### -This chapter abruptly shifts from one topic to another. There are several large sections comprised of multiple verses and other short teachings contained in a single verse. +Many times in this chapter Luke changes from one subject to another without marking the changes. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Allegory ##### +##### Parable ##### -Luke [Luke 14:15-24](./15.md) probably functions as an extended metaphor. The kingdom of God can be represented as a wedding feast or dinner. This metaphor would then signify that people reject Jesus for a variety of unimportant reasons and because of this miss out on the great blessing of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) +Jesus told the parable in [Luke 14:15-24](./15.md) to teach that the kingdom of God will be something that everyone can enjoy. But people will refuse to be part of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted" ([Luke 14:11](./10.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted" ([Luke 14:11](./10.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/15/intro.md b/luk/15/intro.md index 8b9e5e9c5..5240cdee4 100644 --- a/luk/15/intro.md +++ b/luk/15/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ ##### The parable of the prodigal son ##### -[Luke 15:13-32](./13.md) forms a single parable, known as the parable of the prodigal son. There are three figures in the story. It is generally agreed that the father represents God (the Father), the sinful younger son represents those who repent and come to faith in Jesus, and the self-righteous older son represents the Pharisees. The forgiveness shown to the lost and sinful son becomes a stumbling block for the older son, causing him to reject the father. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]]) +[Luke 15:11-32](./11.md) is the parable of the prodigal son. Most people think that the father in the story represented God (the Father), the sinful younger son represented those who repent and come to faith in Jesus, and the self-righteous older son represented the Pharisees. In the story the older son became angry at the father because the father forgave the younger son's sins, and he would not go into the party the father had because the younger son repented. This was because Jesus knew that the Pharisees wanted God to think only they were good and to not forgive other people's sins. He was teaching them that that they would never be part of God's kingdom because they thought that way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "Sinners" ##### -The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) +##### Sinners ##### + +When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. But Jesus told three parables ([Luke 15:4-7](./03.md), [Luke 15:8-10](/.08.md), and [Luke 15:11-32](<##>)) to teach that the people who believe they are sinners and who repent are the people who truly please God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/16/16.md b/luk/16/16.md index eaa650d99..ea8e83c84 100644 --- a/luk/16/16.md +++ b/luk/16/16.md @@ -2,13 +2,17 @@ This refers to all of God's word that had been written up to that time. +# were in effect + +"had authority" or "were what people needed to obey" + # John came This refers to John the Baptist. AT: "John the Baptist came" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached +# the good news of the kingdom of God is preached -This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am teaching people about the gospel of the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am teaching people about the good news of the kingdom of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # everyone tries to force their way into it diff --git a/luk/16/intro.md b/luk/16/intro.md index 6ae394215..a3eb27c30 100644 --- a/luk/16/intro.md +++ b/luk/16/intro.md @@ -1,17 +1,5 @@ # Luke 16 General Notes # -#### Special concepts in this chapter #### - -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### - -##### Allusion ##### -Abraham is recorded as saying "neither will they be persuaded if someone rises from the dead." This is an allusion to the fact that Jesus will soon rise from the dead and they will not be persuaded by this fact. - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### "The law and the prophets were in effect until John came" ##### -The phrase does not mean the regulations of the law of Moses ended during the time of John the Baptist. It is clear from the gospels that Jesus lived and ministered under the law. What has changed was the message being proclaimed. This is why the UDB states, "The laws that God gave Moses and what the prophets wrote were proclaimed until John the Baptizer came." (See: [Luke 16:16](./16.md) and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) - ## Links: ## * __[Luke 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/luk/17/02.md b/luk/17/02.md index 836bf0088..c4ec6412d 100644 --- a/luk/17/02.md +++ b/luk/17/02.md @@ -1,14 +1,18 @@ +# It would be better for him if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown into the sea than that he should cause one of these little ones to stumble. + +You may need to make explicit that it is the punishment for causing people to sin that Jesus is comparing to being thrown into the sea. AT: "I will not punish him a little by putting a millstone around his neck and throwing him into the sea. Instead, I will punish him much. This is because he has caused one of these little ones to stumble." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) + # It would be better for him if -This introduces a hypothetical situation. It means that this person's punishment for causing people to sin will be worse than if they had drowned in the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +This introduces a hypothetical situation. It means that this person's punishment for causing people to sin will be worse than if they had drowned in the sea. No one has put a stone around his neck, and Jesus is not saying that anyone will do so. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) -# if a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown +# a millstone were put around his neck and he were thrown This can be stated in active form. AT: "if they were to put a millstone around his neck and throw him" or "if someone were to put a heavy stone around his neck and push him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # for him ... his neck ... he were ... he should -These terms refer to women as well as to men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) +These words can refer to anyone, to women as well as to men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) # a millstone diff --git a/luk/17/intro.md b/luk/17/intro.md index 46cec3dd9..72089c021 100644 --- a/luk/17/intro.md +++ b/luk/17/intro.md @@ -1,30 +1,32 @@ # Luke 17 General Notes # -#### Structure and formatting #### - -In the cleansing of the 10 men ([Luke 17:11-17](./11.md)), there should be an implicit understanding of the structure of this story. It is one unified story. The reaction of the supposedly ungodly Samaritan is correct, while the reaction of the other men was incorrect and it is assumed that they were Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) - #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Old Testament Examples ##### -This chapter uses a series of examples from the Old Testament. All of these examples are of times when the people did not concern themselves with God. Properly understanding the meaning of each individual example will be difficult without the necessary background understanding from the book of Genesis. + +Jesus used the lives of Noah and of Lot to teach his followers. Noah was ready for the flood when it came, and they needed to be ready for him to return, because he would not warn them when he came. Lot's wife loved the evil city she had been living in so much that God also punished her when he destroyed it, and they needed to love Jesus more than anything else, + +Those who read your translation may need help so they can understand what Jesus was teaching here. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "It would be better" ##### -This is a special type of hypothetical situation. In this situation, rather than speaking about a condition or what would happen, it gives an explanation about a hypothetical future situation if the current situation remains unchanged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +##### Hypothetical situations ##### -##### Hypothetical Situations and Rhetorical Situations ##### -Jesus uses two figures of speech at the same time in this chapter. He combines a hypothetical situation and rhetorical questions because the proper answer to the hypothetical situation should be obvious. (See: [Luke 17:5-9](./05.md) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Hypothetical situations are situations that have not actually happened. Jesus used a special type of hypothetical situation to teach that what will happen to those who cause others to sin will be worse than being drowned ([Luke 19:1-2](./01.md)) and another to scold the disciples because they had little faith ([Luke 19:6](./05.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + +##### Rhetorical Questions ##### + +Jesus asked his disciples three questions ([Luke 17:7-9](./07.md)) to teach them that even those who serve him well are righteous only because of his grace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Not every language may allow a person to refer to himself in the third person. +##### "Son of Man" ##### -##### The use of paradox ##### +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 17:22](./22.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will save it" ([Luke 17:33](./32.md)). +##### Paradox ##### + +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in this chapter: "Whoever seeks to gain his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life will save it" ([Luke 17:33](./32.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/18/intro.md b/luk/18/intro.md index 48e8adfb3..c08ffcf4e 100644 --- a/luk/18/intro.md +++ b/luk/18/intro.md @@ -2,27 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Luke 18:6-8 should be seen as an explanation of the parable in 18:1-5. +Jesus told two parables ([Luke 18:1-8](./01.md) and [Luke 18:9-14](./09.md)) and then taught that his followers were to be humble ([Luke 18:15-17](./15.md)), to use everything they owned to help the poor ([Luke 18:18-30](./18.md)), and to expect him to die soon ([Luke 18:31-34](./31.md)), Then they all began to walk to Jerusalem, and Jesus healed a blind man ([Luke 18:35-43](./35.md)). #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Unjust judge ##### -Judges were supposed to administer justice without conditions, but this judge does not treat the woman justly. Instead, she has to beg many times for the judge to do the right thing. Therefore, the judge is referred to as "unjust." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +##### Judges ##### + +People expected judges always to do what God said was right and to make sure that other people did what was right. But some judges did not care about doing right or making sure others did right. Jesus called this kind of judge unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ##### Pharisees and tax collectors ##### -Luke occasionally contrasts these two groups of people in his gospel. The Pharisees considered themselves to be the clearest examples of righteousness and tax collectors to be very sinful, the clearest examples of unrighteousness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) + +The Pharisees thought that they themselves were the best examples of righteous good people, and they thought that tax collectors were the most unrighteous sinners. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Not every language may have the ability to have a person refer to himself in the third person. +##### "Son of Man" ##### -##### "Prayed these things about himself" ##### -The Pharisee's prayer is not truly directed at God, so what he does is not really prayer. He wrongly thinks he is praying, but he is really only speaking so that other people will hear him and think he is holy. - -##### General and Specific Instructions ##### - -There are times when the New Testament gives specific instructions or commands that always apply to all Christians. At other times, its instructions are more general or even as hyperbole. For example, when Jesus says, "Sell your possessions," he is not speaking to all Christians in all places at all times, but all Christians should remember that they are only stewards of everything they receive from God, and he may ask them to give them up at any time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 18:8](./06.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/19/intro.md b/luk/19/intro.md index 9794644cd..31cfc0219 100644 --- a/luk/19/intro.md +++ b/luk/19/intro.md @@ -2,29 +2,30 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Luke 19:11-27 forms a single parable. This parable instructs believers how to live in light of the coming kingdom of God. Jesus' hearers wrongly believed that the kingdom was going to appear very quickly. Although the kingdom could appear at any time, this does not mean it is going to happen today or tomorrow, just that it could. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]]) +After Jesus helped a man named Zacchaeus repent of his sins ([Luke 19:1-10](./01.md)), he taught his followers that when he began to rule as king they would need to tell them what they had done with the things he had given them to take care of ([Luke 19:11-27](./11.md)). He did this by telling them a parable. After that, he rode into Jerusalem on a colt ([Luke 19:28-48](./28.md)). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/kingdomofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Sinner" ##### The Pharisees refer to a group of people as "sinners." The Jewish leaders thought these people were sinful, but in reality the leaders were also sinful. This can be taken as irony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -##### Stewardship ##### +##### Servants ##### -Although this word is not used in this chapter, it is a concept which plays a significant part of the teaching of this chapter. Stewardship is being trustworthy in the handling of the things which have been entrusted to you. God expects each person to use the gifts that he has given to them. This includes not only the natural gifts or abilities that God has given to man, but a person's life lived in expectation of eternal life. God also expects people to live in the expectation of the imminent return of Jesus. +God expects his people to remember that everything in the world belongs to God. God gives his people things so they can serve him. He wants them to please him by doing what he wants them to do with everything he has given them. One day Jesus will ask his servants what they have done with everything he gave them to use. He will give a reward to those who have done what he wanted them to do, and he will punish those who have not. ##### The donkey and the colt ##### Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings. -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew, Mark, and John all wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See:[Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) -##### Spreading the garments and branches ##### +##### Spreading garments and branches ##### -This was a way to honor a king. +When king would enter the cities they ruled, people would cut branches from trees and take off the clothes that they wore to stay warm in cold weather and spread them all on the road so the king would ride over them. They did this to honor the king and show that they loved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/honor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) -##### "[Jesus] began to cast out those who were selling" ##### -Jesus is recorded as cleaning the ungodly merchants from the temple. This event shows the authority Jesus had over the temple and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) +##### The merchants in the temple ##### + +Jesus forced the people who were selling animals in the temple to leave. He did this to show everyone that he had authority over the temple and that only those who were righteous, who did what God said was good, could be in it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/20/intro.md b/luk/20/intro.md index 6e7c4908f..09ccda5c4 100644 --- a/luk/20/intro.md +++ b/luk/20/intro.md @@ -2,18 +2,19 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 20:17, 42-43, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 20:17, 42-43, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Trap ##### -This chapter contains two questions designed to catch someone admitting something they do not wish to say. Jesus asks a question of the Pharisees that traps them by forcing them to either admit they believe John the Baptist was a prophet or anger the Jews by denying this. The leaders tried to trap Jesus by asking him about paying taxes to the Roman government. Answering yes would anger the Jews and answering no would anger the Romans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) +##### Using questions to trap people ##### + +When Jesus asked the Pharisees who gave John the authority to baptize ([Luke 20:4](./03.md)), they could not answer because any answer they gave would give someone a reason to say that they were wrong ([Luke 20:5-6](./05.md)). They thought that they would be able to say that Jesus was wrong when they asked him if people should pay taxes to Caesar ([Luke 20:22](./21.md)), but Jesus gave them an answer that they had not thought of. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that seems to be absurd and to contradict itself, but really does not. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm that records David calling his son "lord," that is, "master." However, to the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he himself is the Messiah. ([Luke 20:41-44](./41.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. In this chapter, Jesus quotes a psalm that records David calling his son "lord," that is, "master." However, to the Jews, ancestors were greater than their descendants. In this passage, Jesus is trying to lead his hearers to the true understanding that the Messiah will himself be divine, and that he himself is the Messiah. ([Luke 20:41-44](./41.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/21/35.md b/luk/21/35.md index acc8bc834..9556c1f92 100644 --- a/luk/21/35.md +++ b/luk/21/35.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # on the face of the whole earth -The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it was the face of a person. That is, the outward part. AT: "on the surface of the whole earth" or "on the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The surface of the earth is spoken of as if it were the outward part of the face of a person. AT: "on the surface of the whole earth" or "on the entire earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/luk/21/intro.md b/luk/21/intro.md index 6a27c5892..a5a061c41 100644 --- a/luk/21/intro.md +++ b/luk/21/intro.md @@ -2,26 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Luke 21:5-36 is an extended teaching about the return of Christ. +Jesus told his disciples much about what would happen before he returned. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "For many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,'" ##### -Jesus teaches that before he returns many people will falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time of great persecution. + +Jesus taught that before he returned many people would falsely claim to be him returning. It will also be a time when many people will hate Jesus' followers and even want to kill them. ##### "Until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled" ##### -The Jews referred to the time between the Babylonian exile and the coming of the Messiah as a period of Gentile domination. This is because the Jews were not sovereign over their own affairs. -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### - -##### Metaphors ##### -The prophecy in this chapter contains metaphorical language. It is best to translate the events it speaks of as literal unless doing so either is impossible or would communicate wrong meaning. For example, the phrases "torn down," "will rise against," and "not a hair on your head will perish" are metaphors. "Signs in the sky," "earthquakes," and "wars" should also be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The Jews spoke of the time between when the Babylonians forced their ancestors to go to Babylon and the time when the Messiah would come as "the times of the Gentiles," the time when the Gentiles would rule over the Jews. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### +##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Not every language allows a person to refer to himself in the third person. +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 21:27](./27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/22/53.md b/luk/22/53.md index cbe7b64f1..d8c66e4c2 100644 --- a/luk/22/53.md +++ b/luk/22/53.md @@ -10,15 +10,11 @@ Only priests entered the temple. AT: "in the temple courts" or "at the temple" In this verse, to lay hands on someone is to arrest that person. AT: "arrest me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# your hour +# this is your hour -"your time" or "your time to act" +"this is the time for you to do whatever you want" # the authority of darkness -It may be helpful to repeat the reference to time. AT: "the time of the authority of darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) - -# the authority of darkness - -This refers to the evil ruler, Satan. AT: "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time for Satan to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +It may be helpful to repeat the reference to time. "Darkness" is a metonym for Satan. AT: "the time of the authority of darkness" or "the time when God is allowing Satan to do whatever he wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/luk/22/intro.md b/luk/22/intro.md index 460a6c505..77c5a861d 100644 --- a/luk/22/intro.md +++ b/luk/22/intro.md @@ -1,26 +1,20 @@ # Luke 22 General Notes # -#### Structure and formatting #### - -The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the "last supper." This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. - #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### The eating of the body and blood ##### -To this day, this symbolic action is practiced in nearly all churches in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +[Luke 22:19-20](./19.md) describes Jesus' last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist", or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. -##### The New Covenant ##### -Jesus mentions the New Covenant during the last supper. The New Covenant is a source of controversy among scholars. There are many different opinions about when this covenant begins and the church's relationship to the new covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) +##### The new covenant ##### + +Some people think that Jesus established the new covenant during the supper. Others think he established it after he went up to heaven. Others think it will not be established until Jesus comes again. Your translation should say no more about this than the ULB does. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### +##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Not every language allows a person refer to himself in the third person. - -##### "this is your hour" ##### -In many cultures, there is a belief that only bad things happen in the middle of the night, when the good people are asleep. This phrase is an insult suggesting that the people arresting Jesus are doing evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 22:22](./21.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/23/intro.md b/luk/23/intro.md index 564505092..5b9579949 100644 --- a/luk/23/intro.md +++ b/luk/23/intro.md @@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ The ULB sets the last line of this chapter apart because it is more connected wi #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "They began to accuse him" ##### -These men did not just accuse Jesus of doing evil, their accusations were false. They perverted the facts to try to get Pilate to sentence Jesus to death. +##### Accuse ##### + +The chief priests and scribes accused Jesus of doing evil because they wanted Pilate to kill Jesus. But they were accusing him falsely, because Jesus had never done what they accused him of doing. ##### "The curtain of the temple was split in two" ##### -This is an important symbol. The curtain symbolically separated God and man. God could not be directly accessed because of his holiness. The death of Christ changed this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]]) +The curtain in the temple was an important symbol that showed that people needed to have someone speak to God for them. They could not speak to God directly because all people are sinful and God hates sin. God split the curtain to show that Jesus' people can now speak to God directly because Jesus has paid for their sins. ##### The tomb ##### @@ -19,8 +20,9 @@ The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 23:53](./52.md)) was the kind of tomb #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "I find no fault in this man." ##### -After one simple question, it appears that Pilate declares Jesus innocent too quickly. This is because Luke omits many of the details of Jesus' interaction with Pilate. This information is contained in the other gospels. +##### "I find no fault in this man" ##### + +Pilate was saying that he did not know of any reason why he should punish Jesus because Jesus had not broken any laws. Pilate was not saying that Jesus was perfect. ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/24/01.md b/luk/24/01.md index 159f7f734..5ccac3be5 100644 --- a/luk/24/01.md +++ b/luk/24/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The women return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus' body. +The women ([Luke 23:55](../23/54.md)) return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus' body. # Very early on the first day of the week @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The women return to the tomb with spices to put on Jesus' body. # they came to the tomb -"the women arrived at the tomb" +"the women arrived at the tomb." These were the women spoken of in [Luke 23:55](../23/55.md). # the tomb diff --git a/luk/24/44.md b/luk/24/44.md index 828ff4ea5..e9840ce44 100644 --- a/luk/24/44.md +++ b/luk/24/44.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would fulfill all that was written ... Psalms" or "God would cause all that was written ... Psalms to happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# all that was written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms +# all that was written in the law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms -The words "Law of Moses," "the Prophets," and "the Psalms" are proper names for parts of the Hebrew Bible. This can be stated in active form and using common nouns. AT: "all that Moses wrote in the Law, all that the prophets wrote, and all that the writers of the Psalms wrote about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The words "law of Moses," "the Prophets," and "the Psalms" are proper names for parts of the Hebrew Bible. This can be stated in active form and using common nouns. AT: "all that Moses wrote in the law, all that the prophets wrote, and all that the writers of the Psalms wrote about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/luk/24/intro.md b/luk/24/intro.md index df12639ad..a6fb2ba30 100644 --- a/luk/24/intro.md +++ b/luk/24/intro.md @@ -6,22 +6,26 @@ The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 24:1](./01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. -##### Faith of the women ##### -It appears Luke purposefully contrasts the faith of the women in this chapter with the faith of the twelve disciples. +##### The faith of the women ##### + +Most of Luke's original readers would have thought of women as less important than men, but Luke carefully shows that some women loved Jesus very much and had more faith than the twelve disciples had. ##### Resurrection ##### -Luke goes to great lengths in this chapter to defend Jesus's physical resurrection from the dead. Luke shows that it was not possible for another person to have died in Jesus' place. He also shows that the resurrection was not a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +Luke wants his readers to understand that Jesus came alive again in a physical body ([Luke 24:38-43](./38.md)). #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### Son of Man ##### +##### "Son of Man" ##### -Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man." Not every language allows a person to refer to himself in the third person. +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Luke 24:7](./06.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ##### "On the third day" ##### -Jesus is said to have risen from the dead on the third day. He died on a Friday afternoon (before sunset) and was raised on a Sunday. In ancient Israel, a day began and ended at sunset. They also counted any part of the day as a "day." + +Jesus told his followers that he would become alive again "on the third day" ([Luke 18:33](../18/31.md)). He died on a Friday afternoon (before sunset) and became alive again on a Sunday, so he became alive again "on the third day" because the Jews said that the day began and ended at sunset, and they counted any part of the day as a day. Friday was the first day, Saturday was the second day, and Sunday was the third day. ##### Two men in bright shining robes ##### + Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULB without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/11.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/luk/front/intro.md b/luk/front/intro.md index 9fe12f3a7..dee6b03ea 100644 --- a/luk/front/intro.md +++ b/luk/front/intro.md @@ -59,13 +59,13 @@ Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. Readers m #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Luke? #### -These are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Luke: +The following verses are not in the earliest manuscripts. The ULB and UDB include these verses, but some other versions do not. -* "Then an angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground." (22:43–44) The ULB and UDB include this passage, but some other versions do not. -* "Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." (23:34) The ULB and UDB include this passage, but some other versions do not. +* "Then an angel from heaven appeared to him, strengthening him. Being in agony, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like great drops of blood falling down upon the ground." (22:43–44) +* "Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." (23:34) -The following passage is not included in many modern versions. Some versions put it into square brackets: +The following verse is not included in many modern versions. Some versions put it into square brackets. Translators are advised not to translate this verse. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this verse, the translators can include it. If they are translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not original to Luke's Gospel. * "For he was required to release one prisoner during the feast" (23:17) -Translators are advised not to translate this passage. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include this passage, the translators can include it. If they are translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it was probably not original to Luke's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file + (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/luk/span.md b/luk/span.md index 9c6ed95b1..316a07049 100644 --- a/luk/span.md +++ b/luk/span.md @@ -1,210 +1,210 @@ -Old version of [luk\01\30.md](../../v11/luk/01/30.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../luk/01/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../luk/01/32.md) +Old version of [zep\01\30.md](../../v11/zep/01/30.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/01/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/01/32.md) -Old version of [luk\01\42.md](../../v11/luk/01/42.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 42](../luk/01/42.md) -* [Verse: 45](../luk/01/45.md) +Old version of [zep\01\42.md](../../v11/zep/01/42.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 42](../zep/01/42.md) +* [Verse: 45](../zep/01/45.md) -Old version of 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+Old version of [zep\12\57.md](../../v11/zep/12/57.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 58](../zep/12/58.md) +* [Verse: 59](../zep/12/59.md) -Old version of [luk\13\01.md](../../v11/luk/13/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../luk/13/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../luk/13/03.md) +Old version of [zep\13\01.md](../../v11/zep/13/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/13/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/13/03.md) -Old version of [luk\13\04.md](../../v11/luk/13/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../luk/13/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../luk/13/05.md) +Old version of [zep\13\04.md](../../v11/zep/13/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/13/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/13/05.md) -Old version of [luk\13\28.md](../../v11/luk/13/28.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../luk/13/28.md) -* [Verse: 30](../luk/13/30.md) +Old version of [zep\13\28.md](../../v11/zep/13/28.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/13/28.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/13/30.md) -Old version of [luk\14\07.md](../../v11/luk/14/07.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../luk/14/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../luk/14/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../luk/14/09.md) +Old version of [zep\14\07.md](../../v11/zep/14/07.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/14/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/14/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/14/09.md) -Old version of [luk\14\18.md](../../v11/luk/14/18.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../luk/14/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../luk/14/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../luk/14/20.md) +Old version of [zep\14\18.md](../../v11/zep/14/18.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/14/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/14/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/14/20.md) -Old version 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22](../zep/16/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/16/23.md) -Old version of [luk\18\28.md](../../v11/luk/18/28.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../luk/18/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../luk/18/30.md) +Old version of [zep\18\28.md](../../v11/zep/18/28.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/18/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/18/30.md) -Old version of [luk\18\31.md](../../v11/luk/18/31.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../luk/18/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../luk/18/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../luk/18/33.md) +Old version of [zep\18\31.md](../../v11/zep/18/31.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/18/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/18/32.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/18/33.md) -Old version of [luk\18\35.md](../../v11/luk/18/35.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 35](../luk/18/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../luk/18/36.md) +Old version of [zep\18\35.md](../../v11/zep/18/35.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 35](../zep/18/35.md) +* [Verse: 36](../zep/18/36.md) -Old version of [luk\20\29.md](../../v11/luk/20/29.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../luk/20/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../luk/20/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../luk/20/31.md) +Old version of [zep\20\29.md](../../v11/zep/20/29.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/20/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/20/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/20/31.md) -Old version of [luk\22\66.md](../../v11/luk/22/66.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 66](../luk/22/66.md) -* [Verse: 67](../luk/22/67.md) +Old version of [zep\22\66.md](../../v11/zep/22/66.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 66](../zep/22/66.md) +* [Verse: 67](../zep/22/67.md) -Old version of [luk\22\66.md](../../v11/luk/22/66.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 67](../luk/22/67.md) -* [Verse: 68](../luk/22/68.md) +Old version of [zep\22\66.md](../../v11/zep/22/66.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 67](../zep/22/67.md) +* [Verse: 68](../zep/22/68.md) -Old version of [luk\23\18.md](../../v11/luk/23/18.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../luk/23/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../luk/23/19.md) +Old version of [zep\23\18.md](../../v11/zep/23/18.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/23/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/23/19.md) -Old version of [luk\24\33.md](../../v11/luk/24/33.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../luk/24/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../luk/24/34.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\24\33.md](../../v11/zep/24/33.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/24/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/24/34.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mal/02/intro.md b/mal/02/intro.md index 90010bbb5..55c888d9e 100644 --- a/mal/02/intro.md +++ b/mal/02/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ##### Marital unfaithfulness ##### -Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mal/03/07.md b/mal/03/07.md index d9c21332e..b7cc67b89 100644 --- a/mal/03/07.md +++ b/mal/03/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my ordinances and have not kept them +# From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them -Disobeying God's ordinances is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. AT: "You have disobeyed my ordinances ever since the days of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Disobeying God's statutes is spoken of as if it were turning away from them. AT: "You have disobeyed my statutes ever since the days of your ancestors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # Return to me, and I will return to you diff --git a/mal/03/intro.md b/mal/03/intro.md index 0bdbce8df..d2c4e19b4 100644 --- a/mal/03/intro.md +++ b/mal/03/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Messiah ##### -There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the messiah and the one who comes before the messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the messiah and the second coming of the messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/mal/front/intro.md b/mal/front/intro.md index ecdfb8096..51c72806f 100644 --- a/mal/front/intro.md +++ b/mal/front/intro.md @@ -29,4 +29,4 @@ The prophet Malachi wrote these messages from Yahweh to the Jews. However, since #### What was meant by the day of Yahweh? #### -Malachi spoke about "the day" several times. This is the same as "the day of Yahweh." In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) \ No newline at end of file +Malachi spoke about "the day" several times. This is the same as "the day of Yahweh." In the Book of Malachi, this is the time when Yahweh would judge his people. He would remove those who wickedly sin and bless those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) diff --git a/mat/01/25.md b/mat/01/25.md index dca560eb5..ead281427 100644 --- a/mat/01/25.md +++ b/mat/01/25.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# he did not know her + +This is a euphemism. AT: "he did not have sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # to a son "to a male baby" or "to her son." Make sure it is clear that Joseph is not portrayed as the actual father. diff --git a/mat/02/intro.md b/mat/02/intro.md index b611e002d..0aac29c53 100644 --- a/mat/02/intro.md +++ b/mat/02/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in verses 6 and 18, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in verses 6 and 18, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/mat/04/23.md b/mat/04/23.md index e9c645dd8..d3f295be5 100644 --- a/mat/04/23.md +++ b/mat/04/23.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ This is the end of the part of the story about the beginning of Jesus' ministry "teaching in the synagogues of the Galileans" or "teaching in the synagogues of those people" -# preaching the gospel of the kingdom +# preaching the good news of the kingdom -Here "kingdom" refers to God's reign as king. AT: "preaching the good news about how God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "kingdom" refers to God's reign as king. AT: "preaching the good news that God will show himself as king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # every kind of disease and sickness diff --git a/mat/04/intro.md b/mat/04/intro.md index 2500f0ed0..0b0705a76 100644 --- a/mat/04/intro.md +++ b/mat/04/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in verses 6, 15 and 16, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in verses 6, 15 and 16, which are words from the Old Testament. Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quotation in verse 10. diff --git a/mat/09/10.md b/mat/09/10.md index fbd46d681..d6331b3e9 100644 --- a/mat/09/10.md +++ b/mat/09/10.md @@ -10,3 +10,7 @@ This is probably Matthew's house, but it could also be Jesus' house. Specify onl This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this. +# sinners + +people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins + diff --git a/mat/09/11.md b/mat/09/11.md index 1e8d92e84..e4d87f798 100644 --- a/mat/09/11.md +++ b/mat/09/11.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "When the Pharisees saw that Jesus was eating with the tax collectors and sinful people" -# Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinful people? +# Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners? The Pharisees use this question to criticize what Jesus is doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mat/09/35.md b/mat/09/35.md index 9e695ecac..78d05f555 100644 --- a/mat/09/35.md +++ b/mat/09/35.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize how very many cities Jesus went t "large villages ... small villages" or "large towns ... small towns" -# the gospel of the kingdom +# the good news of the kingdom Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. See how you translated this in [Matthew 4:23](../04/23.md). diff --git a/mat/09/intro.md b/mat/09/intro.md index b22cd8b65..411dbfbfd 100644 --- a/mat/09/intro.md +++ b/mat/09/intro.md @@ -1,11 +1,17 @@ # Matthew 09 General Notes # -#### Passive voice #### +#### Special concepts in this chapter #### -Many sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that something to happen. You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +##### "Sinners" ##### + +When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### +##### Passive voice ##### + +Many sentences in this chapter tell that a person had something happen to him without saying who caused that something to happen. You may have to translate the sentence so that it tells the reader who performed the action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + ##### Rhetorical questions ##### Speakers in this chapter asked questions to which they already knew the answer. They asked the questions to show that they were not happy with the hearers or to teach them or to get them to think. Your language may have another way of doing this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mat/10/intro.md b/mat/10/intro.md index 2496a600f..6a79d8b49 100644 --- a/mat/10/intro.md +++ b/mat/10/intro.md @@ -11,13 +11,17 @@ Many verses in this chapter describe how Jesus sent the twelve disciples out. He ##### The twelve disciples ##### The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: + In Matthew: + Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. In Mark: + Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. In Luke: + Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James. diff --git a/mat/11/05.md b/mat/11/05.md index bf625e3dc..63c4baf7a 100644 --- a/mat/11/05.md +++ b/mat/11/05.md @@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am healing lepers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# people who have died are being raised back to life +# the dead are being raised back to life Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be stated in active form. AT: "people who have died are being caused to live again" or "I am causing those who have died to become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# needy people are being told +# good news is preached to the poor -This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am telling needy people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "I am preaching good news to the poor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# the poor + +This nominalized adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. AT: "poor people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) diff --git a/mat/11/15.md b/mat/11/15.md index c6f654062..0477268ca 100644 --- a/mat/11/15.md +++ b/mat/11/15.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# He who has ears to hear +# He who has ears to hear, let him hear -This is a way of referring to everyone there who was hearing what Jesus was saying. AT: "Whoever can hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# listen - -Here "listen" represents paying attention. AT: "pay attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mat/12/intro.md b/mat/12/intro.md index d3baeef19..4d25db46b 100644 --- a/mat/12/intro.md +++ b/mat/12/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:18-21, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:18-21, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ No one knows for sure what actions people perform or what words they say when th #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Brothers and sisters ##### + Most people call those who have the same parents "brother" and "sister" and think of them as the most important people in their lives. Many people also call those with the same grandparents "brother" and "sister." In this chapter Jesus says that the most important people to him are those who obey his Father in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mat/13/09.md b/mat/13/09.md index 7cd93cff0..f1ae047e7 100644 --- a/mat/13/09.md +++ b/mat/13/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# He who has ears +# He who has ears, let him hear -This is a way of referring to everyone there who was hearing what Jesus was saying. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). AT: "Whoever can hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# listen - -Here "listen" represents paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). AT: "pay attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mat/13/43.md b/mat/13/43.md index 6aaa1a9f8..8ec9975c3 100644 --- a/mat/13/43.md +++ b/mat/13/43.md @@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ If this simile is not understandable in your language, you can use: "be as easy This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) -# He who has ears +# He who has ears, let him hear -This is a way of referring to everyone there who was hearing what Jesus was saying. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). AT: "Whoever can hear me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# listen - -Here "listen" represents paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). AT: "pay attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how you translated similar words in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md) (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mat/13/intro.md b/mat/13/intro.md index 2bd27b147..999eb55d6 100644 --- a/mat/13/intro.md +++ b/mat/13/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:14-15, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:14-15, which are words from the Old Testament. This chapter begins a new section. It contains some of Jesus' parables about the kingdom of heaven. @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Jesus often says the word "heaven" when he wants his hearers to think of God, wh ##### Implicit information ##### -Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When Matthew said that Jesus "sat beside the sea" ([Matthew 13:1](./01.md)), he probably expected his hearers to know that Jesus was about to teach the people. +Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When Matthew wrote that Jesus "sat beside the sea" ([Matthew 13:1](./01.md)), he probably expected his hearers to know that Jesus was about to teach the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Metaphor ##### diff --git a/mat/15/28.md b/mat/15/28.md index e36ce7b67..b3b29d9b4 100644 --- a/mat/15/28.md +++ b/mat/15/28.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "I will do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# At that hour +# Her daughter was healed -This is an idiom. AT: "At exactly the same time" or "Immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed her daughter" or "Her daughter became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# her daughter was healed +# from that hour -This can be stated in active form. AT: "Jesus healed her daughter" or "her daughter became well" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is an idiom. AT: "at exactly the same time" or "immediately" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/mat/15/intro.md b/mat/15/intro.md index b07aa93a5..676107e3d 100644 --- a/mat/15/intro.md +++ b/mat/15/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 15:8-9, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 15:8-9, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/mat/16/intro.md b/mat/16/intro.md index 7832ea982..9e230a6d6 100644 --- a/mat/16/intro.md +++ b/mat/16/intro.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Matthew continues his account from chapter 15 in verses 1-20. The account stops ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" ([Matthew 16:25](./24.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" ([Matthew 16:25](./24.md)). ## Links: ## * __[Matthew 16:01 Notes](./01.md)__ diff --git a/mat/20/15.md b/mat/20/15.md index ba28bdea7..45766527e 100644 --- a/mat/20/15.md +++ b/mat/20/15.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ The landowner uses a question to correct the workers who were complaining. AT: " # Or are you envious because I am generous? -The landowner uses a question to rebuke the workers who were complaining. AT: "Do not be jealous when I am generous to other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The landowner uses a question to rebuke the workers who were complaining. AT: "Do not be jealous when I am generous to other people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mat/21/38.md b/mat/21/38.md index d8914981c..a73bbbed1 100644 --- a/mat/21/38.md +++ b/mat/21/38.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # Connecting Statement: Jesus continues telling a parable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/heir]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/possess]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/vineyard]] diff --git a/mat/21/intro.md b/mat/21/intro.md index 5d413d728..b0e0acb64 100644 --- a/mat/21/intro.md +++ b/mat/21/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 21:5,16 and 42, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 21:5,16 and 42, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings. -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew, Mark, and John all wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) ##### Hosanna ##### diff --git a/mat/22/intro.md b/mat/22/intro.md index a37036c36..f539ea7b1 100644 --- a/mat/22/intro.md +++ b/mat/22/intro.md @@ -2,23 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in verse 44, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in verse 44, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Wedding Feast ##### -In the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](./01.md)), Jesus taught that when God offers to save a person, that person needs to to accept the offer. Jesus spoke of life with God as a feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasized that not everyone whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to come to the feast. God will throw these people out from the feast. +In the parable of the wedding feast ([Matthew 22:1-14](./01.md)), Jesus taught that when God offers to save a person, that person needs to accept the offer. Jesus spoke of life with God as a feast that a king prepares for his son, who has just gotten married. In addition, Jesus emphasized that not everyone whom God invites will properly prepare themselves to come to the feast. God will throw these people out from the feast. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Implicit information ##### -Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When the king in the parable said, "My oxen and fattened calves have been killed" ([Matthew 22:4](./04.md)), he assumed that the hearers would understand that those who had killed the animals had also cooked them. +Speakers usually do not say things that they think their hearers already understand. When the king in the parable said, "My oxen and fattened calves have been killed" ([Matthew 22:4](./04.md)), he assumed that the hearers would understand that those who had killed the animals had also cooked them. ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that appears to describe something impossible. To the Jews, the ancestors were the masters of the descendants, but in one psalm David calls one of his descendants "Lord." Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that this is a paradox, saying, "If David then calls the Christ 'Lord,' how is he David's son?" ([Matthew 22:45](./45)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. To the Jews, the ancestors were the masters of the descendants, but in one psalm David calls one of his descendants "Lord." Jesus tells the Jewish leaders that this is a paradox, saying, "If David then calls the Christ 'Lord,' how is he David's son?" ([Matthew 22:45](./45.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/mat/23/intro.md b/mat/23/intro.md index c23d11e4f..f5236505d 100644 --- a/mat/23/intro.md +++ b/mat/23/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Hypocrites ##### -Jesus calls the Pharisees hypocrites many times ([Matthew 23:13](./13.md)) and carefully tells what he means by doing that. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuaded the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey the rules. Also, the Pharisees obeyed their own rules instead of obeying God's original commands in the Law of Moses. +Jesus calls the Pharisees hypocrites many times ([Matthew 23:13](./13.md)) and carefully tells what he means by doing that. The Pharisees made rules that no one could actually obey, and then they persuaded the ordinary people that they were guilty because they could not obey the rules. Also, the Pharisees obeyed their own rules instead of obeying God's original commands in the law of Moses. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ In most cultures, it is wrong to insult people. The Pharisees took many of the w ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "He who is greatest among you will be your servant" ([Matthew 23:11-12](./11.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "He who is greatest among you will be your servant" ([Matthew 23:11-12](./11.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/mat/24/14.md b/mat/24/14.md index 0d39b1a2f..b6b446d16 100644 --- a/mat/24/14.md +++ b/mat/24/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# This gospel of the kingdom will be preached +# This good news of the kingdom will be preached -Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will speak this message about God's rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. AT: "People will tell the good news that God will rule" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # all the nations diff --git a/mat/25/intro.md b/mat/25/intro.md index 835e047f3..e76ec6ec4 100644 --- a/mat/25/intro.md +++ b/mat/25/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This chapter continues the teaching of the previous chapter. Jesus told the parable of the ten virgins ([Matthew 25:1-13](./01.md)) to tell his followers to be ready for him to return. His hearers could understand the parable because they knew Jewish wedding customs. -When the Jews arranged marriages, they would plan for the wedding to take place weeks or months later, At the proper time, the young man would go to his bride's house, where she would be waiting for him. The wedding ceremony would take place, and then the man and his bride would travel to his home, where there would be a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +When the Jews arranged marriages, they would plan for the wedding to take place weeks or months later. At the proper time, the young man would go to his bride's house, where she would be waiting for him. The wedding ceremony would take place, and then the man and his bride would travel to his home, where there would be a feast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mat/26/13.md b/mat/26/13.md index 36e2a7495..0c25ce57e 100644 --- a/mat/26/13.md +++ b/mat/26/13.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ "I tell you the truth." This adds emphasis to what Jesus says next. -# wherever this gospel is preached +# wherever this good news is preached -This can be stated in active form. AT: "wherever people preach this gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be stated in active form. AT: "wherever people preach this good news" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # what this woman has done will also be spoken of in memory of her diff --git a/mat/26/intro.md b/mat/26/intro.md index f3563633e..4c9d7af8d 100644 --- a/mat/26/intro.md +++ b/mat/26/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 26:31, which is words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 26:31, which is words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### @@ -15,17 +15,13 @@ The Passover festival was when the Jews would celebrate the day God killed the f ##### The eating of the body and blood ##### [Matthew 26:26-28](./26.md) describes Jesus' last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist", or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. -##### The tomb ##### - -The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 15:46](./45.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. - #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### When Judas kissed Jesus ##### +##### Judas' kiss for Jesus ##### [Matthew 26:49](./49.md) describes how Judas kissed Jesus so the soldiers would know whom to arrest. The Jews would kiss each other when they greeted each other. ##### "I am able to destroy the temple of God" ##### -Two men accused Jesus of saying that he could destroy the temple in Jerusalem and then rebuild it "in three days" ([Matthew 26:61](./59.md)). They were accusing him of insulting God by claiming that God had given him the authority to destroy the temple and the power to rebuild it. What Jesus actually said was that if the Jewish authorities were to destroy "this temple," meaning his body, he would certainly raise it up in three days ([John 2:19](../../jhn/02/17.md)). +Two men accused Jesus of saying that he could destroy the temple in Jerusalem and then rebuild it "in three days" ([Matthew 26:61](./59.md)). They were accusing him of insulting God by claiming that God had given him the authority to destroy the temple and the power to rebuild it. What Jesus actually said was that if the Jewish authorities were to destroy this temple, he would certainly raise it up in three days ([John 2:19](../../jhn/02/17.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/mat/27/intro.md b/mat/27/intro.md index a3885285a..797a48d4d 100644 --- a/mat/27/intro.md +++ b/mat/27/intro.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ The Jewish leaders needed to get permission from Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor, before they could kill Jesus. This was because Roman law did not allow them to kill Jesus themselves. Pilate wanted to set Jesus free, but they wanted him to free a very bad prisoner named Barabbas. -##### Tomb ##### +##### The tomb ##### -The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Matthew 27:59-60](./59.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. +The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Matthew 27:60](./59.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/mat/28/intro.md b/mat/28/intro.md index 5bfc99eb6..bb63b5b3c 100644 --- a/mat/28/intro.md +++ b/mat/28/intro.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ ##### The tomb ##### -The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Luke 24:1](./01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. +The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Matthew 28:1](./01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. ##### "Make disciples" ##### -The last two verses ([Matthew 28:19-20](./18.md)) are commonly known as the Great Commission because they contain a very important command that all Christians must obey. To "make disciples" is to go to people, to share the good news of Jesus with them, and to tell and show them how to live as Christians. +The last two verses ([Matthew 28:19-20](./18.md)) are commonly known as "The Great Commission" because they contain a very important command given to all Christians. Christians are to "make disciples" by going to people, sharing the gospel with them and training them to live as Christians. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/mat/front/intro.md b/mat/front/intro.md index 420ee267d..c5e6baac6 100644 --- a/mat/front/intro.md +++ b/mat/front/intro.md @@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ Translating the title "Son of Man" can be difficult in many languages. Readers m #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Matthew? #### -These are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Matthew: +The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions: * "Bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you" (5:44) -* "For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen" (6:13) -* "Many are called, but few are chosen" (20:16) +* "For yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen" (6:13) * "But this kind of demon does not go out except with prayer and fasting" (17:21) * "For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost" (18:11) +* "Many are called, but few are chosen" (20:16) * "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you devour widows' houses, while you make a show of long prayers. You will therefore receive greater condemnation." (23:14) Translators are advised not to include these passages. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these passages, the translators can include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Matthew's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/mat/span.md b/mat/span.md index bbcaae9c7..408c3bd80 100644 --- a/mat/span.md +++ b/mat/span.md @@ -1,232 +1,232 @@ -Old version of [mat\02\07.md](../../v11/mat/02/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../mat/02/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../mat/02/08.md) +Old version of [zep\02\07.md](../../v11/zep/02/07.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/02/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) -Old version of [mat\04\01.md](../../v11/mat/04/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../mat/04/01.md) -* [Verse: 3](../mat/04/03.md) +Old version of [zep\04\01.md](../../v11/zep/04/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/04/01.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/04/03.md) -Old version of [mat\04\14.md](../../v11/mat/04/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../mat/04/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../mat/04/16.md) +Old version of [zep\04\14.md](../../v11/zep/04/14.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/04/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/04/16.md) -Old version of [mat\05\29.md](../../v11/mat/05/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../mat/05/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../mat/05/30.md) +Old version of [zep\05\29.md](../../v11/zep/05/29.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/05/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/05/30.md) -Old version of [mat\05\29.md](../../v11/mat/05/29.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 29](../mat/05/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../mat/05/30.md) +Old version of [zep\05\29.md](../../v11/zep/05/29.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 29](../zep/05/29.md) +* [Verse: 30](../zep/05/30.md) -Old version of [mat\05\33.md](../../v11/mat/05/33.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../mat/05/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../mat/05/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../mat/05/35.md) +Old version of [zep\05\33.md](../../v11/zep/05/33.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/05/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/05/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/05/35.md) -Old version of [mat\06\14.md](../../v11/mat/06/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../mat/06/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../mat/06/15.md) +Old version of [zep\06\14.md](../../v11/zep/06/14.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/06/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/06/15.md) -Old version of [mat\06\22.md](../../v11/mat/06/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../mat/06/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../mat/06/23.md) +Old version of [zep\06\22.md](../../v11/zep/06/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/06/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/06/23.md) -Old version of [mat\06\27.md](../../v11/mat/06/27.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../mat/06/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../mat/06/29.md) +Old version of [zep\06\27.md](../../v11/zep/06/27.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 28](../zep/06/28.md) +* [Verse: 29](../zep/06/29.md) -Old version of [mat\07\07.md](../../v11/mat/07/07.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../mat/07/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../mat/07/10.md) +Old version of [zep\07\07.md](../../v11/zep/07/07.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/07/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/07/10.md) -Old version of [mat\07\13.md](../../v11/mat/07/13.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../mat/07/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../mat/07/14.md) +Old version of [zep\07\13.md](../../v11/zep/07/13.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/07/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/07/14.md) -Old version of [mat\07\13.md](../../v11/mat/07/13.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../mat/07/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../mat/07/14.md) +Old version of [zep\07\13.md](../../v11/zep/07/13.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/07/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/07/14.md) -Old version of [mat\09\03.md](../../v11/mat/09/03.md) line number 45 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../mat/09/04.md) -* [Verse: 6](../mat/09/06.md) +Old version of [zep\09\03.md](../../v11/zep/09/03.md) line number 45 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/09/04.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/09/06.md) -Old version of [mat\10\08.md](../../v11/mat/10/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../mat/10/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../mat/10/09.md) +Old version of [zep\10\08.md](../../v11/zep/10/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/10/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/10/09.md) -Old version of [mat\10\11.md](../../v11/mat/10/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../mat/10/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../mat/10/13.md) +Old version of [zep\10\11.md](../../v11/zep/10/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/10/11.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/10/13.md) -Old version of [mat\10\11.md](../../v11/mat/10/11.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../mat/10/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../mat/10/13.md) +Old version of [zep\10\11.md](../../v11/zep/10/11.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/10/11.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/10/13.md) -Old version of [mat\10\19.md](../../v11/mat/10/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../mat/10/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../mat/10/20.md) +Old version of [zep\10\19.md](../../v11/zep/10/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/10/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/10/20.md) -Old version of [mat\10\34.md](../../v11/mat/10/34.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../mat/10/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../mat/10/35.md) +Old version of [zep\10\34.md](../../v11/zep/10/34.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/10/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/10/35.md) -Old version of [mat\10\37.md](../../v11/mat/10/37.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../mat/10/37.md) -* [Verse: 39](../mat/10/39.md) +Old version of [zep\10\37.md](../../v11/zep/10/37.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 37](../zep/10/37.md) +* [Verse: 39](../zep/10/39.md) -Old version of [mat\11\16.md](../../v11/mat/11/16.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../mat/11/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../mat/11/17.md) +Old version of [zep\11\16.md](../../v11/zep/11/16.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/11/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/11/17.md) -Old version of [mat\11\18.md](../../v11/mat/11/18.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../mat/11/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../mat/11/19.md) +Old version of [zep\11\18.md](../../v11/zep/11/18.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/11/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/11/19.md) -Old version of [mat\11\18.md](../../v11/mat/11/18.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../mat/11/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../mat/11/19.md) +Old version of [zep\11\18.md](../../v11/zep/11/18.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/11/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/11/19.md) -Old version of [mat\11\20.md](../../v11/mat/11/20.md) line number 41 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../mat/11/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../mat/11/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../mat/11/22.md) +Old version of [zep\11\20.md](../../v11/zep/11/20.md) line number 41 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/11/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/11/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/11/22.md) -Old version of [mat\12\01.md](../../v11/mat/12/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../mat/12/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../mat/12/02.md) +Old version of [zep\12\01.md](../../v11/zep/12/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/12/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/12/02.md) -Old version of [mat\12\15.md](../../v11/mat/12/15.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../mat/12/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../mat/12/17.md) +Old version of [zep\12\15.md](../../v11/zep/12/15.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/12/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/12/17.md) -Old version of [mat\12\19.md](../../v11/mat/12/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../mat/12/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../mat/12/20.md) +Old version of [zep\12\19.md](../../v11/zep/12/19.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/12/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/12/20.md) -Old version of [mat\12\26.md](../../v11/mat/12/26.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../mat/12/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../mat/12/27.md) +Old version of [zep\12\26.md](../../v11/zep/12/26.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/12/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/12/27.md) -Old version of [mat\12\36.md](../../v11/mat/12/36.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 36](../mat/12/36.md) -* [Verse: 37](../mat/12/37.md) +Old version of [zep\12\36.md](../../v11/zep/12/36.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 36](../zep/12/36.md) +* [Verse: 37](../zep/12/37.md) -Old version of [mat\12\43.md](../../v11/mat/12/43.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 43](../mat/12/43.md) -* [Verse: 45](../mat/12/45.md) +Old version of [zep\12\43.md](../../v11/zep/12/43.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 43](../zep/12/43.md) +* [Verse: 45](../zep/12/45.md) -Old version of [mat\13\16.md](../../v11/mat/13/16.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../mat/13/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../mat/13/17.md) +Old version of [zep\13\16.md](../../v11/zep/13/16.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/13/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/13/17.md) -Old version of [mat\13\54.md](../../v11/mat/13/54.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 55](../mat/13/55.md) -* [Verse: 56](../mat/13/56.md) +Old version of [zep\13\54.md](../../v11/zep/13/54.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 55](../zep/13/55.md) +* [Verse: 56](../zep/13/56.md) -Old version of [mat\14\03.md](../../v11/mat/14/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../mat/14/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../mat/14/04.md) +Old version of [zep\14\03.md](../../v11/zep/14/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/14/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/14/04.md) -Old version of [mat\15\04.md](../../v11/mat/15/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../mat/15/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../mat/15/06.md) +Old version of [zep\15\04.md](../../v11/zep/15/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/15/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/15/06.md) -Old version of [mat\15\29.md](../../v11/mat/15/29.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../mat/15/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../mat/15/31.md) +Old version of [zep\15\29.md](../../v11/zep/15/29.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 30](../zep/15/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/15/31.md) -Old version of [mat\16\09.md](../../v11/mat/16/09.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../mat/16/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../mat/16/10.md) +Old version of [zep\16\09.md](../../v11/zep/16/09.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/16/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/16/10.md) -Old version of [mat\16\21.md](../../v11/mat/16/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../mat/16/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../mat/16/22.md) +Old version of [zep\16\21.md](../../v11/zep/16/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/16/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/16/22.md) -Old version of [mat\17\22.md](../../v11/mat/17/22.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../mat/17/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../mat/17/23.md) +Old version of [zep\17\22.md](../../v11/zep/17/22.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/17/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/17/23.md) -Old version of [mat\18\12.md](../../v11/mat/18/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../mat/18/12.md) -* [Verse: 14](../mat/18/14.md) +Old version of [zep\18\12.md](../../v11/zep/18/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/18/12.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/18/14.md) -Old version of [mat\18\12.md](../../v11/mat/18/12.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../mat/18/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../mat/18/13.md) +Old version of [zep\18\12.md](../../v11/zep/18/12.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/18/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/18/13.md) -Old version of [mat\18\34.md](../../v11/mat/18/34.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../mat/18/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../mat/18/35.md) +Old version of [zep\18\34.md](../../v11/zep/18/34.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/18/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/18/35.md) -Old version of [mat\19\23.md](../../v11/mat/19/23.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../mat/19/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../mat/19/24.md) +Old version of [zep\19\23.md](../../v11/zep/19/23.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 23](../zep/19/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/19/24.md) -Old version of [mat\20\17.md](../../v11/mat/20/17.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../mat/20/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../mat/20/18.md) +Old version of [zep\20\17.md](../../v11/zep/20/17.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/20/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/20/18.md) -Old version of [mat\20\17.md](../../v11/mat/20/17.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../mat/20/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../mat/20/19.md) +Old version of [zep\20\17.md](../../v11/zep/20/17.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/20/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/20/19.md) -Old version of [mat\20\25.md](../../v11/mat/20/25.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../mat/20/25.md) -* [Verse: 28](../mat/20/28.md) +Old version of [zep\20\25.md](../../v11/zep/20/25.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/20/25.md) +* [Verse: 28](../zep/20/28.md) -Old version of [mat\22\25.md](../../v11/mat/22/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../mat/22/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../mat/22/26.md) +Old version of [zep\22\25.md](../../v11/zep/22/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/22/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/22/26.md) -Old version of [mat\22\31.md](../../v11/mat/22/31.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../mat/22/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../mat/22/32.md) +Old version of [zep\22\31.md](../../v11/zep/22/31.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/22/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/22/32.md) -Old version of [mat\22\31.md](../../v11/mat/22/31.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../mat/22/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../mat/22/32.md) +Old version of [zep\22\31.md](../../v11/zep/22/31.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/22/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/22/32.md) -Old version of [mat\23\16.md](../../v11/mat/23/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../mat/23/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../mat/23/17.md) +Old version of [zep\23\16.md](../../v11/zep/23/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/23/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/23/17.md) -Old version of [mat\23\20.md](../../v11/mat/23/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../mat/23/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../mat/23/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../mat/23/22.md) +Old version of [zep\23\20.md](../../v11/zep/23/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/23/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/23/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/23/22.md) -Old version of [mat\23\34.md](../../v11/mat/23/34.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../mat/23/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../mat/23/35.md) +Old version of [zep\23\34.md](../../v11/zep/23/34.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/23/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/23/35.md) -Old version of [mat\24\03.md](../../v11/mat/24/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../mat/24/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../mat/24/05.md) +Old version of [zep\24\03.md](../../v11/zep/24/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/24/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/24/05.md) -Old version of [mat\24\30.md](../../v11/mat/24/30.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../mat/24/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../mat/24/31.md) +Old version of [zep\24\30.md](../../v11/zep/24/30.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 30](../zep/24/30.md) +* [Verse: 31](../zep/24/31.md) -Old version of [mat\24\37.md](../../v11/mat/24/37.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 38](../mat/24/38.md) -* [Verse: 39](../mat/24/39.md) +Old version of [zep\24\37.md](../../v11/zep/24/37.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 38](../zep/24/38.md) +* [Verse: 39](../zep/24/39.md) -Old version of [mat\25\14.md](../../v11/mat/25/14.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../mat/25/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../mat/25/15.md) +Old version of [zep\25\14.md](../../v11/zep/25/14.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/25/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/25/15.md) -Old version of [mat\25\37.md](../../v11/mat/25/37.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../mat/25/37.md) -* [Verse: 38](../mat/25/38.md) +Old version of [zep\25\37.md](../../v11/zep/25/37.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 37](../zep/25/37.md) +* [Verse: 38](../zep/25/38.md) -Old version of [mat\26\42.md](../../v11/mat/26/42.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 42](../mat/26/42.md) -* [Verse: 44](../mat/26/44.md) +Old version of [zep\26\42.md](../../v11/zep/26/42.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 42](../zep/26/42.md) +* [Verse: 44](../zep/26/44.md) -Old version of [mat\27\51.md](../../v11/mat/27/51.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 52](../mat/27/52.md) -* [Verse: 53](../mat/27/53.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\27\51.md](../../v11/zep/27/51.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 52](../zep/27/52.md) +* [Verse: 53](../zep/27/53.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mic/02/intro.md b/mic/02/intro.md index 20cb4fa7a..915d3d463 100644 --- a/mic/02/intro.md +++ b/mic/02/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) +This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/mic/03/intro.md b/mic/03/intro.md index 48e4345ba..448a304df 100644 --- a/mic/03/intro.md +++ b/mic/03/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Justice ##### -An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/mic/05/intro.md b/mic/05/intro.md index 279cfc476..4dd41123e 100644 --- a/mic/05/intro.md +++ b/mic/05/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Messiah ##### -This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](./02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +This chapter contains a prophecy explaining that the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem. This meaning is made clear in the New Testament. (See: [Micah 5:2](./02.md), [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/mic/06/intro.md b/mic/06/intro.md index 99f60ed82..11024fec6 100644 --- a/mic/06/intro.md +++ b/mic/06/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. ##### Names in Lawsuit ##### Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel. -Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) +Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mic/07/intro.md b/mic/07/intro.md index 15ed03895..721cf52d1 100644 --- a/mic/07/intro.md +++ b/mic/07/intro.md @@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Last days ##### -This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) +This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]]) -== Prophet== +##### Prophet ##### The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mic/front/intro.md b/mic/front/intro.md index e5ca7c6fd..ece1cd452 100644 --- a/mic/front/intro.md +++ b/mic/front/intro.md @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ This book contains many of Micah's prophecies. Micah repeated many similar prophecies as found in Isaiah. Micah warned the kingdoms of Israel and Judah that the Assyrians would soon attack them. Micah condemned those who acted unjustly and immorally. He spoke against those who did not work for a living. He also spoke against the false prophets in Israel and Judah. These false prophets were telling the people that Yahweh would never let a foreign kingdom harm or conquer them. -Micah called the people to please Yahweh by living righteous and holy lives. However, the sinful way they lived and the unjust way they treated their fellow countrymen proved that they no longer wanted to obey and honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Micah called the people to please Yahweh by living righteous and holy lives. However, the sinful way they lived and the unjust way they treated their fellow countrymen proved that they no longer wanted to obey and honor Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### How should the title of this book be translated? #### @@ -62,4 +62,4 @@ Micah did not usually say who was speaking or who was being addressed. Reading t #### How should the text of Micah be formatted? #### -The ULB uses a poetic language style like the Hebrew text. Many languages can do this but some languages will not be able to do this. The ULB also sets apart the poetic portions of the text by setting the poetic lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the prophecies were written as a series of poems. \ No newline at end of file +The ULB uses a poetic language style like the Hebrew text. Many languages can do this but some languages will not be able to do this. The ULB also sets apart the poetic portions of the text by setting the poetic lines farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. With the exception of the first verse, the entire book is indented because the prophecies were written as a series of poems. diff --git a/mic/span.md b/mic/span.md index ca4a02376..ceced3239 100644 --- a/mic/span.md +++ b/mic/span.md @@ -1,40 +1,40 @@ -Old version of [mic\01\06.md](../../v11/mic/01/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../mic/01/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../mic/01/07.md) +Old version of [zep\01\06.md](../../v11/zep/01/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/01/07.md) -Old version of [mic\03\01.md](../../v11/mic/03/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../mic/03/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../mic/03/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../mic/03/03.md) +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/03/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) -Old version of [mic\05\10.md](../../v11/mic/05/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../mic/05/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../mic/05/11.md) +Old version of [zep\05\10.md](../../v11/zep/05/10.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/05/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/05/11.md) -Old version of [mic\05\12.md](../../v11/mic/05/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../mic/05/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../mic/05/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../mic/05/14.md) +Old version of [zep\05\12.md](../../v11/zep/05/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/05/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/05/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/05/14.md) -Old version of [mic\06\01.md](../../v11/mic/06/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../mic/06/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../mic/06/02.md) +Old version of [zep\06\01.md](../../v11/zep/06/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/06/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/06/02.md) -Old version of [mic\06\01.md](../../v11/mic/06/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../mic/06/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../mic/06/02.md) +Old version of [zep\06\01.md](../../v11/zep/06/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/06/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/06/02.md) -Old version of [mic\06\03.md](../../v11/mic/06/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../mic/06/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../mic/06/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../mic/06/05.md) +Old version of [zep\06\03.md](../../v11/zep/06/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/06/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/06/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/06/05.md) -Old version of [mic\06\06.md](../../v11/mic/06/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../mic/06/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../mic/06/07.md) +Old version of [zep\06\06.md](../../v11/zep/06/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/06/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/06/07.md) -Old version of [mic\07\05.md](../../v11/mic/07/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../mic/07/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../mic/07/06.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\07\05.md](../../v11/zep/07/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/07/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/07/06.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/mrk/01/05.md b/mrk/01/05.md index 514d6650f..b598b7154 100644 --- a/mrk/01/05.md +++ b/mrk/01/05.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ The words "whole country" are a metaphor for the people who live in the country # They were baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins -They did these things at the same time. The people were baptized because they repented of their sins. AT: "When they repented of their sins, John baptized them in the Jordan River" +They did these things at the same time. The people were baptized because they repented of their sins. AT: "When they repented of their sins, John baptized them in the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/mrk/01/10.md b/mrk/01/10.md index 2333116ed..1262a85de 100644 --- a/mrk/01/10.md +++ b/mrk/01/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the Spirit coming down on him like a dove -Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus like a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Possible meanings are 1) this is a simile, and the Spirit descended upon Jesus as a bird descends from the sky toward the ground or 2) the Spirit literally looked like a dove as he descended upon Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/mrk/01/14.md b/mrk/01/14.md index eed2abd65..2fc026614 100644 --- a/mrk/01/14.md +++ b/mrk/01/14.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "after John was placed in prison." This can be stated in active form. AT: "after they arrested John" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# proclaiming the gospel +# proclaiming the good news -"telling many people about the gospel" +"telling many people about the good news" diff --git a/mrk/01/27.md b/mrk/01/27.md index 466d95c9a..b06fe0099 100644 --- a/mrk/01/27.md +++ b/mrk/01/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching with authority? ... and they obey him!" +# they asked each other, "What is this? A new teaching with authority! ... and they obey him!" The people used the two questions to show how amazed they were. The questions can be expressed as exclamations. AT: "they said to each other, 'This is amazing! He gives a new teaching, and he speaks with authority! ... and they obey him!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mrk/01/31.md b/mrk/01/31.md index dae5abefa..aee181165 100644 --- a/mrk/01/31.md +++ b/mrk/01/31.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ # the fever left her -It can be shown clearly who healed her. AT: "Jesus healed her of the fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may want to make explicit who healed her. AT: "Jesus healed her of the fever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # she started serving them -It is implied that food was served. AT: "she provided them with food and drinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +You may want to make explicit that she served food. AT: "she provided them with food and drinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/mrk/01/44.md b/mrk/01/44.md index e8382efc0..599276912 100644 --- a/mrk/01/44.md +++ b/mrk/01/44.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # show yourself to the priest -Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. It was required in the law of Moses for a man to present himself to the priest if he had been cleansed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus told the man to show himself to the priest so that the priest could look at his skin to see if his leprosy was really gone. The law of Moses required people to present themselves to the priest if they had been unclean but were no longer unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # show yourself diff --git a/mrk/01/intro.md b/mrk/01/intro.md index 397cd94ff..e1339ae47 100644 --- a/mrk/01/intro.md +++ b/mrk/01/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-3, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 1:2-3, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "You can make me clean" ##### -The Jews thought that people who had the skin disease called leprosy were unclean and so unable to properly worship God. When Jesus made people "clean," he healed their diseases and forgave their sins so they could worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +Leprosy was a disease of the skin that made a person unclean and unable to properly worship God. Jesus is capable of making people physically "clean" or healthy as well as spiritually "clean" or right with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ##### "The kingdom of God is near" ##### -No one knows for sure what Jesus meant when he said, "The kingdom of God is near." Some think he meant that the kingdom was present as he was speaking, and others think that the kingdom has still not come yet. +Scholars debate whether the "kingdom of God" was present at this time or is something that is still coming. English translations frequently use the phrase "at hand," but this can create difficulty for translators. Other versions use the phase "is coming" and "has come near." ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/02/08.md b/mrk/02/08.md index 9261d56e9..e6e6a5a7a 100644 --- a/mrk/02/08.md +++ b/mrk/02/08.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "in his inner being" or "in himself" -# they were thinking among themselves +# they were thinking within themselves Each of the scribes was thinking to himself; they were not talking to each other. diff --git a/mrk/02/15.md b/mrk/02/15.md index 860b85930..cd5a9a956 100644 --- a/mrk/02/15.md +++ b/mrk/02/15.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ It is now later in the day, and Jesus is at Levi's house for a meal. "the home of Levi" -# sinful people +# sinners -The Pharisees used the phrase "sinful people" to refer to people who did not keep the law as well as the Pharisees thought they should. +people who did not obey the law of Moses but committed what others thought were very bad sins # for there were many and they followed him diff --git a/mrk/02/16.md b/mrk/02/16.md index 84a3a00e6..8ed975970 100644 --- a/mrk/02/16.md +++ b/mrk/02/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinful people? +# Why does he eat with tax collectors and sinners? The scribes and Pharisees asked this question to show they disapproved of Jesus' hospitality. This can be worded as a statement. AT: "He should not eat with sinners and tax collectors!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/mrk/02/17.md b/mrk/02/17.md index c002a1261..4b65c14c2 100644 --- a/mrk/02/17.md +++ b/mrk/02/17.md @@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ Jesus used this proverb about sick people and doctors to teach them that only pe "healthy" -# I did not come to call righteous people, but sinful people +# I did not come to call righteous people, but sinners Jesus expects his hearers to understand he came for those who want help. AT: "I came for people who understand they are sinful, not for people who believe they are righteous" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) -# but sinful people +# but sinners -The words "I came to call" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "but I came to call sinful people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +The words "I came to call" are understood from the phrase before this. AT: "but I came to call sinners" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) diff --git a/mrk/02/21.md b/mrk/02/21.md index 163c351de..25303e81d 100644 --- a/mrk/02/21.md +++ b/mrk/02/21.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# No man sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment +# No one sews a piece of new cloth on an old garment Sewing a piece of new cloth on an old garment will make the hole on an old garment worse if the piece of new cloth has not yet shrunk. Both the new cloth and old garment will be ruined. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# No man - -"No one." This phrase refers to all people, not just men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) - diff --git a/mrk/02/intro.md b/mrk/02/intro.md index 1605003b1..409c8cc34 100644 --- a/mrk/02/intro.md +++ b/mrk/02/intro.md @@ -2,15 +2,18 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### "Sinful people" ##### -When Mark speaks of "sinful people," he is talking about people who commit sins that everyone thinks are especially bad, like stealing or sexual sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +##### "Sinners" ##### + +When the people of Jesus' time spoke of "sinners," they were talking about people who did not obey the law of Moses and instead committed sins like stealing or sexual sins. When Jesus said that he came to call "sinners," he meant that only people who believe that they are sinners can be his followers. This is true even if they are not what most people think of as "sinners." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Fasting and Feasting ##### + People would fast, or not eat food for a long time, when they were sad or were showing God that they were sorry for their sins. When they were happy, like during weddings, they would have feasts, or meals where they would eat much food. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fast]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### + The Jewish leaders used rhetorical questions to show that they were angry because of what Jesus said and did and that they did not believe that he was God's Son ([Mark 2:7](./05.md)). Jesus used them to show the Jewish leaders that they were arrogant ([Mark 2:25-26](./25.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/03/intro.md b/mrk/03/intro.md index d130b89e4..e9c8e0d5b 100644 --- a/mrk/03/intro.md +++ b/mrk/03/intro.md @@ -11,22 +11,26 @@ No one knows for sure what actions people perform or what words they say when th #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The twelve apostles ##### +##### The twelve disciples ##### -The following are the lists of the twelve apostles found in the Bible: +The following are the lists of the twelve disciples: In Matthew: + Simon (Peter), Andrew, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot. In Mark: + Simon (Peter), Andrew, James the son of Zebedee and John the son of Zebedee (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder), Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot. In Luke: + Simon (Peter), Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon (who was called the Zealot), Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot. Thaddaeus is probably the same person as Jude, the son of James. ##### Brothers and Sisters ##### + Most people call those who have the same parents "brother" and "sister" and think of them as the most important people in their lives. Many people also call those with the same grandparents "brother" and "sister." In this chapter Jesus says that the most important people to him are those who obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/brother]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/04/09.md b/mrk/04/09.md index 8799c70af..27e9d5392 100644 --- a/mrk/04/09.md +++ b/mrk/04/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,4 @@ -# Whoever has ears to hear +# Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear -This is a way of referring to everyone there who was hearing what Jesus was saying. AT: "Whoever can hear me" or "Everyone who can hear me (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - -# let him hear - -Here the word "hear" means to pay attention. AT: "let him listen carefully" or "must pay careful attention to what I am saying" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "If anyone can hear what I am saying, let him listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "If anyone is willing to listen, let him listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how similar words are translated in [Mark 4:9](./09.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mrk/04/23.md b/mrk/04/23.md index b9cbdaf57..013cc7194 100644 --- a/mrk/04/23.md +++ b/mrk/04/23.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear -See how you translated this in [Mark 4:9](./09.md). +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how you translated this in [Mark 4:9](./09.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/mrk/04/intro.md b/mrk/04/intro.md index 254d6482a..c4b70516b 100644 --- a/mrk/04/intro.md +++ b/mrk/04/intro.md @@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ Mark 4:3-10 forms one parable. The parable is explained in 4:14-23. -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:12, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:12, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Parables ##### -There are many parables in this chapter. Parables are stories Jesus told so his hearers would understand the kingdom of God. Jesus explained what the parables meant to the disciples, but not to the crowds. + +The parables were short stories that Jesus told so that people would easily understand the lesson he was trying to teach them. He also told the stories so that those who did not want to believe in him would not understand the truth. ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/05/intro.md b/mrk/05/intro.md index 9bc1877f3..a55e1f0a2 100644 --- a/mrk/05/intro.md +++ b/mrk/05/intro.md @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ #### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Talitha, koum" ##### -The words "Talitha, koum" ([Mark 5:41](./41.md)) are from the Aramaic language. Mark writes them the way they sound and then translates them. - + +The words "Talitha, koum" ([Mark 5:41](./41.md)) are from the Aramaic language. Mark writes them the way they sound and then translates them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/06/intro.md b/mrk/06/intro.md index d7c65d93f..0ff4dd6ad 100644 --- a/mrk/06/intro.md +++ b/mrk/06/intro.md @@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "Anointed with oil" ##### + In the ancient Near East, people would try to heal sick people by putting olive oil on them. ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/07/intro.md b/mrk/07/intro.md index 4ed626098..8035093d6 100644 --- a/mrk/07/intro.md +++ b/mrk/07/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:6-7, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:6-7, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The Pharisees washed many things that were not dirty because they were trying to ##### "Ephphatha" ##### -This is an Aramaic word. Mark wrote it the way it sounds using Greek letters and then explained what it means. +This is an Aramaic word. Mark wrote it the way it sounds using Greek letters and then explained what it means. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/08/intro.md b/mrk/08/intro.md index 43865be27..2736a5b66 100644 --- a/mrk/08/intro.md +++ b/mrk/08/intro.md @@ -3,23 +3,25 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Bread ##### -When Jesus worked a miracle and provided bread for a large crowd of people, they probably thought about when God miraculously provided food for the people of Israel when they were in the wilderness. +When Jesus worked a miracle and provided bread for a large crowd of people, they probably thought about when God miraculously provided food for the people of Israel when they were in the wilderness. Yeast is the ingredient that causes bread to become larger before it is baked. In this chapter, Jesus uses yeast as a metaphor for things that change the way people think, speak, and act. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ##### "Adulterous generation" ##### -Jesus spoke told the people that they were not faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) + +When Jesus called the people an "adulterous generation," he was telling them that they were not faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -Jesus uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter as a way of both teaching the disciples ([Mark 8:17-21](./16.md)) and scolding the people ([Mark 8:12](./11.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + +Jesus used many rhetorical questions as a way of both teaching the disciples ([Mark 8:17-21](./16.md)) and scolding the people ([Mark 8:12](./11.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" ([Mark 8:35-37](./35.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wants to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it" ([Mark 8:35-37](./35.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/09/intro.md b/mrk/09/intro.md index a8d4d6a56..e4e5edc98 100644 --- a/mrk/09/intro.md +++ b/mrk/09/intro.md @@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ Jesus said things that he did not expect his followers to understand literally. Elijah and Moses suddenly appear to Jesus, James, John, and Peter, and then they disappear. All four of them saw Elijah and Moses, and because Elijah and Moses spoke with Jesus, the reader should understand that Elijah and Moses appeared physically. +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Mark 9:31](./30.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) + ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all and servant of all" ([Mark 9:35](./33.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "If anyone wants to be first, he must be last of all and servant of all" ([Mark 9:35](./33.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/10/intro.md b/mrk/10/intro.md index bbb4dc34e..c4e94a6ec 100644 --- a/mrk/10/intro.md +++ b/mrk/10/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on ##### Jesus' teaching about divorce ##### -The Pharisees wanted to find a way to make Jesus say that it is good to break the law of Moses, so they asked him about divorce. Jesus tells how God originally designed marriage to show that the Pharisees taught wrongly about divorce. +The Pharisees wanted to find a way to make Jesus say that it is good to break the law of Moses, so they asked him about divorce. Jesus tells how God originally designed marriage to show that the Pharisees taught wrongly about divorce. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Metaphors are pictures of visible objects that speakers use to explain invisible ##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant" ([Mark 10:43](./43.md)). +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Jesus uses a paradox when he says, "Whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant" ([Mark 10:43](./43.md)). ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/11/intro.md b/mrk/11/intro.md index 179cf6b0f..c63d1dd1e 100644 --- a/mrk/11/intro.md +++ b/mrk/11/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 11:9-10, 17, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 11:9-10, 17, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### +##### The donkey and the colt ##### + Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings. -Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew, Mark, and John all wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See:[Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) +Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULB without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/12/26.md b/mrk/12/26.md index 06b669ca1..bf3ed196c 100644 --- a/mrk/12/26.md +++ b/mrk/12/26.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This can be expressed with an active verb. AT: "who rise" or "who rise to live again" [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) -# the Book of Moses +# the book of Moses "the book that Moses wrote" diff --git a/mrk/12/intro.md b/mrk/12/intro.md index 50a39043b..7b6c6ab14 100644 --- a/mrk/12/intro.md +++ b/mrk/12/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:10-11, 36, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 12:10-11, 36, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/mrk/13/intro.md b/mrk/13/intro.md index 0ef1021f0..338d86cc1 100644 --- a/mrk/13/intro.md +++ b/mrk/13/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:24-25, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:24-25, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/mrk/14/intro.md b/mrk/14/intro.md index fdd6e6b30..8d8d7e768 100644 --- a/mrk/14/intro.md +++ b/mrk/14/intro.md @@ -2,19 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 14:27, 62, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 14:27, 62, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### The eating of the body and blood ##### -To this day, this symbolic action is practiced in nearly all churches in remembrance of Christ's sacrifice for the sins of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +[Mark 14:22-25](./22.md) describes Jesus' last meal with his followers. At this time, Jesus told them that what they were eating and drinking were his body and his blood. Nearly all Christian churches celebrate "the Lord's Supper," the "Eucharist", or "Holy Communion" to remember this meal. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Abba, Father ##### -"Abba" is an Aramaic word. It was an informal, loving way to refer to a person's father in ancient Israel. Mark "transliterates" its sounds by writing them with Greek letters, and then gives its meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) +"Abba" is an Aramaic word that the Jews used to speak to their fathers. Mark writes it as it sounds and then translates it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) + +##### "Son of Man" ##### + +Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([Mark 14:20](./20.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/15/intro.md b/mrk/15/intro.md index acbd97bfb..9f00e41b0 100644 --- a/mrk/15/intro.md +++ b/mrk/15/intro.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Both by pretending to worship Jesus ([Mark 15:19](./19.md)) and by pretending to #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? ##### -This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark transliterates its sounds by writing them using Greek letters. He then explains its meaning. +This is a phrase in Aramaic. Mark transliterates its sounds by writing them using Greek letters. He then explains its meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/mrk/16/intro.md b/mrk/16/intro.md index ac9f407a5..aa9743d1b 100644 --- a/mrk/16/intro.md +++ b/mrk/16/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### The tomb ##### -The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([Mark 16:2](./01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. +The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 19:41](./40.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter. ### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ### diff --git a/mrk/front/intro.md b/mrk/front/intro.md index a44abc931..5fe703208 100644 --- a/mrk/front/intro.md +++ b/mrk/front/intro.md @@ -53,13 +53,16 @@ The Gospel of Mark uses the word "immediately" forty-two times. Mark does this t #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Mark? #### -These are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Mark: +The following verses are found in older versions of the Bible but are not included in most modern versions. Translators are advised not to include these verses. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these verses, the translators can include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Mark's Gospel. * "If any man has ears to hear, let him hear." (7:16) * "where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched" (9:44) * "where their worm never dies and the fire is never quenched" (9:46) * "And the scripture was fulfilled that says, 'He was counted with the lawless ones'" (15:28) + +The following passage in not found in the earliest manuscripts. Most Bibles include this passage, but modern Bibles put it in brackets ([]) or indicate in some way that this passage may not have been original to Mark's Gospel. Translators are advised to do something similar as the modern versions of the Bible. + * "Early on the first day of the week, after he arose, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, from whom he had cast out seven demons. She went and told those who were with him, while they were mourning and weeping. They heard that he was alive and that he had been seen by her, but they did not believe. After these things he appeared in a different form to two of them, as they were walking out into the country. They went and told the rest of the disciples, but they did not believe them. Jesus later appeared to the eleven as they were reclining at the table, and he rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, because they did not believe those who saw him after he rose from the dead. He said to them, 'Go into all the world, and preach the gospel to the entire creation. He who believes and is baptized will be saved, and he who does not believe will be condemned. These signs will go with those who believe: In my name they will cast out demons. They will speak in new languages. They will pick up snakes with their hands, and if they drink anything deadly, it will not hurt them. They will lay hands on the sick, and they will get well.' After the Lord had spoken to them, he was taken up into heaven and sat down at the right hand of God. The disciples left and preached everywhere, while the Lord worked with them and confirmed the word by the signs that went with them." (16:9-20) -Translators are advised not to include these passages. However, if in the translators' region, there are older versions of the Bible that include one or more of these passages, the translators can include them. If they are included, they should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to Mark's Gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/mrk/span.md b/mrk/span.md index daa0294da..b536ab684 100644 --- a/mrk/span.md +++ b/mrk/span.md @@ -1,82 +1,82 @@ -Old version of [mrk\02\23.md](../../v11/mrk/02/23.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../mrk/02/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../mrk/02/24.md) +Old version of [zep\02\23.md](../../v11/zep/02/23.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 23](../zep/02/23.md) +* [Verse: 24](../zep/02/24.md) -Old version of [mrk\02\25.md](../../v11/mrk/02/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../mrk/02/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../mrk/02/26.md) +Old version of [zep\02\25.md](../../v11/zep/02/25.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/02/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/02/26.md) -Old version of [mrk\02\25.md](../../v11/mrk/02/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../mrk/02/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../mrk/02/26.md) +Old version of [zep\02\25.md](../../v11/zep/02/25.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/02/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/02/26.md) -Old version of [mrk\04\03.md](../../v11/mrk/04/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../mrk/04/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../mrk/04/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../mrk/04/05.md) +Old version of [zep\04\03.md](../../v11/zep/04/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/04/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/04/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/04/05.md) -Old version of [mrk\04\24.md](../../v11/mrk/04/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../mrk/04/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../mrk/04/25.md) +Old version of [zep\04\24.md](../../v11/zep/04/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/04/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/04/25.md) -Old version of 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+* [Verse: 29](../zep/12/29.md) -Old version of [mrk\13\05.md](../../v11/mrk/13/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../mrk/13/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../mrk/13/06.md) +Old version of [zep\13\05.md](../../v11/zep/13/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/13/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/13/06.md) -Old version of [mrk\14\63.md](../../v11/mrk/14/63.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 64](../mrk/14/64.md) -* [Verse: 65](../mrk/14/65.md) +Old version of [zep\14\63.md](../../v11/zep/14/63.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 64](../zep/14/64.md) +* [Verse: 65](../zep/14/65.md) -Old version of [mrk\15\39.md](../../v11/mrk/15/39.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 39](../mrk/15/39.md) -* [Verse: 41](../mrk/15/41.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\15\39.md](../../v11/zep/15/39.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 39](../zep/15/39.md) +* [Verse: 41](../zep/15/41.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/nam/01/intro.md b/nam/01/intro.md index 3caf9a56f..c5ca6a51c 100644 --- a/nam/01/intro.md +++ b/nam/01/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Despite being divided into three chapters, this book consists of one long prophe #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's anger against Nineveh ##### -This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +This prophecy should be read in reference to the book of Jonah. That book described how the people of Niniveh, Assyria's capital city, repented when Jonah warned them that Yahweh was angry at them. The book of Nahum, written a little over one hundred years later than when Jonah was set, indicates that the Ninevites would be punished by God, but only after he had used them for his own purposes. These actions of Yahweh, although described as vengeance or anger, do not have the same sinful quality as they usually do with humans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Complete destruction ##### At that time, Assyria controlled almost the entire Near East. Nahum prophesied that the Assyrians would be so completely destroyed as a nation that they would no longer even be a people group. This prophecy came true very suddenly. diff --git a/nam/front/intro.md b/nam/front/intro.md index dc9720f35..4dcae4b37 100644 --- a/nam/front/intro.md +++ b/nam/front/intro.md @@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ When Nahum spoke to the Israelites, he wanted to comfort them. When Nahum and Yahweh spoke against the Ninevites, they often mocked them. This manner of speech was similar to speech in the ancient Near East when conquerors laughed at their victims. -It is important for translators to present both emotions of comfort and of mockery when translating this book. \ No newline at end of file +It is important for translators to present both emotions of comfort and of mockery when translating this book. diff --git a/neh/03/intro.md b/neh/03/intro.md index 33eddbbfc..39941e94f 100644 --- a/neh/03/intro.md +++ b/neh/03/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Priests ##### -The priests worked on rebuilding the city. Normally, the priests were exempt from this type of work. Because they helped, it emphasizes that this is a holy work and something done for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The priests worked on rebuilding the city. Normally, the priests were exempt from this type of work. Because they helped, it emphasizes that this is a holy work and something done for Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Cooperation ##### Everyone worked on this project. Many names are mentioned to emphasize the cooperation between the different families. Each was given a section of the wall to rebuild. diff --git a/neh/08/01.md b/neh/08/01.md index 18a1393b0..a9c7b2d43 100644 --- a/neh/08/01.md +++ b/neh/08/01.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word "all" is a generalization that indicates the people as a whole came tog This was the name of a large opening or doorway in the wall. -# the Book of the Law of Moses +# the book of the law of Moses This would have been all or part of the first five books of the Old Testament. diff --git a/neh/08/03.md b/neh/08/03.md index ef0110edf..515aee430 100644 --- a/neh/08/03.md +++ b/neh/08/03.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # he read from it -Here "it" refers to the Book of the Law of Moses. +Here "it" refers to the Book of the law of Moses. diff --git a/neh/08/intro.md b/neh/08/intro.md index 27a137b5d..26428b9fa 100644 --- a/neh/08/intro.md +++ b/neh/08/intro.md @@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Reading of the Law ##### +##### Reading of the law ##### During the exile, the Hebrew language was no longer spoken. Only the priests and Levites still understood it. Ezra read the book of the law to the people in Hebrew and the Levites walked among the crowd translating it into Aramaic for the people to understand. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) ##### Festival of Shelters ##### -After they heard Ezra read the Law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt. +After they heard Ezra read the law of Moses, the people obeyed it by making temporary shelters for themselves with tree branches. They did this to remember that their ancestors slept in shelters when they came out of slavery in Egypt. ## Links: ## diff --git a/neh/09/intro.md b/neh/09/intro.md index 5c146d1ca..fd7ae98e2 100644 --- a/neh/09/intro.md +++ b/neh/09/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter and the next one form a single section. ##### Prayer to God ##### -The people prayed and thanked God for his care for them and the blessings he gave to them. They also confessed their sin of disobeying him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +The people prayed and thanked God for his care for them and the blessings he gave to them. They also confessed their sin of disobeying him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ##### Learning from their ancestor's mistakes ##### This chapter teaches that the Jews learned from the mistakes of their ancestors. They became determined to worship Yahweh alone, to not intermarry with other peoples, and to worship Yahweh as the law of Moses instructed them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]]) diff --git a/neh/10/intro.md b/neh/10/intro.md index 98d984249..fdcf69611 100644 --- a/neh/10/intro.md +++ b/neh/10/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This chapter concludes the passage beginning in chapter 9. ##### The vow ##### -By signing this document, the people vowed or agreed to obey God, not to buy things on the Sabbath and to pay their temple tax. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) +By signing this document, the people vowed or agreed to obey God, not to buy things on the Sabbath and to pay their temple tax. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/neh/11/intro.md b/neh/11/intro.md index 572c5215b..b259232fa 100644 --- a/neh/11/intro.md +++ b/neh/11/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### The places where the Jews lived ##### -Some people lived in Jerusalem, but most people lived in villages and towns away from Jerusalem. They lived there in order to farm the land and raise their animals. The city with its walls was there to provide all of the people with protection if enemies attacked them. +Some people lived in Jerusalem, but most people lived in villages and towns away from Jerusalem. They lived there in order to farm the land raise their animals. The city with its walls was there to provide all of the people with protection if enemies attacked them. ## Links: ## diff --git a/neh/13/intro.md b/neh/13/intro.md index 3b4aa1b73..a113d43ff 100644 --- a/neh/13/intro.md +++ b/neh/13/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem ##### -Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) +Nehemiah was eager to make sure that the Jews kept their promise to obey the law. When he returned from Persia, he found many things wrong: one of the store rooms in the temple had been converted into a guest room for Tobiah, the Levites had not received their portions for working in the temple, people were working on the Sabbath, and many had married heathen wives. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/neh/front/intro.md b/neh/front/intro.md index 2dc0feddb..d3f6d9f53 100644 --- a/neh/front/intro.md +++ b/neh/front/intro.md @@ -41,4 +41,4 @@ The Book of Nehemiah uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It #### Are the events in the Book of Nehemiah told in the order that they actually happened? #### -Some of the events in the Book of Nehemiah are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order. \ No newline at end of file +Some of the events in the Book of Nehemiah are not told in the order they actually happened. 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[Verse: 18](../neh/07/18.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\19.md](../../v11/neh/07/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../neh/07/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../neh/07/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../neh/07/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../neh/07/22.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\23.md](../../v11/neh/07/23.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../neh/07/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../neh/07/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../neh/07/25.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\27.md](../../v11/neh/07/27.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 27](../neh/07/27.md) -* [Verse: 28](../neh/07/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../neh/07/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../neh/07/30.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\31.md](../../v11/neh/07/31.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../neh/07/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../neh/07/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../neh/07/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../neh/07/34.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\35.md](../../v11/neh/07/35.md) line 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51](../neh/07/51.md) -* [Verse: 52](../neh/07/52.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\53.md](../../v11/neh/07/53.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 53](../neh/07/53.md) -* [Verse: 54](../neh/07/54.md) -* [Verse: 55](../neh/07/55.md) -* [Verse: 56](../neh/07/56.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\57.md](../../v11/neh/07/57.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 57](../neh/07/57.md) -* [Verse: 58](../neh/07/58.md) -* [Verse: 59](../neh/07/59.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\61.md](../../v11/neh/07/61.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 62](../neh/07/62.md) -* [Verse: 63](../neh/07/63.md) - -Old version of [neh\07\68.md](../../v11/neh/07/68.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 68](../neh/07/68.md) -* [Verse: 69](../neh/07/69.md) - -Old version of [neh\09\16.md](../../v11/neh/09/16.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../neh/09/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../neh/09/17.md) - -Old version of [neh\09\18.md](../../v11/neh/09/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../neh/09/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../neh/09/19.md) - -Old version of [neh\09\32.md](../../v11/neh/09/32.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../neh/09/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../neh/09/33.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\01.md](../../v11/neh/10/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../neh/10/01.md) -* [Verse: 3](../neh/10/03.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\01.md](../../v11/neh/10/01.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../neh/10/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../neh/10/03.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\04.md](../../v11/neh/10/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../neh/10/04.md) -* [Verse: 7](../neh/10/07.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\04.md](../../v11/neh/10/04.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../neh/10/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../neh/10/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../neh/10/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../neh/10/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../neh/10/08.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\09.md](../../v11/neh/10/09.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../neh/10/09.md) -* [Verse: 11](../neh/10/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../neh/10/13.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\09.md](../../v11/neh/10/09.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../neh/10/10.md) -* [Verse: 12](../neh/10/12.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\09.md](../../v11/neh/10/09.md) line number 41 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../neh/10/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../neh/10/13.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\15.md](../../v11/neh/10/15.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../neh/10/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../neh/10/17.md) -* [Verse: 19](../neh/10/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../neh/10/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../neh/10/21.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\15.md](../../v11/neh/10/15.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../neh/10/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../neh/10/18.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\15.md](../../v11/neh/10/15.md) line number 37 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../neh/10/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../neh/10/21.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\22.md](../../v11/neh/10/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 6 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../neh/10/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../neh/10/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../neh/10/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../neh/10/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../neh/10/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../neh/10/27.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\22.md](../../v11/neh/10/22.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 23](../neh/10/23.md) -* [Verse: 24](../neh/10/24.md) - -Old version of [neh\10\30.md](../../v11/neh/10/30.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 30](../neh/10/30.md) -* [Verse: 31](../neh/10/31.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\03.md](../../v11/neh/11/03.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../neh/11/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../neh/11/04.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\05.md](../../v11/neh/11/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../neh/11/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../neh/11/06.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\07.md](../../v11/neh/11/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../neh/11/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../neh/11/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../neh/11/09.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\10.md](../../v11/neh/11/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../neh/11/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../neh/11/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../neh/11/12.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\13.md](../../v11/neh/11/13.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../neh/11/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../neh/11/14.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\15.md](../../v11/neh/11/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../neh/11/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../neh/11/16.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\19.md](../../v11/neh/11/19.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../neh/11/19.md) -* [Verse: 21](../neh/11/21.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\22.md](../../v11/neh/11/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../neh/11/22.md) -* [Verse: 24](../neh/11/24.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\25.md](../../v11/neh/11/25.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../neh/11/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../neh/11/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../neh/11/27.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\28.md](../../v11/neh/11/28.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 28](../neh/11/28.md) -* [Verse: 29](../neh/11/29.md) -* [Verse: 30](../neh/11/30.md) - -Old version of [neh\11\31.md](../../v11/neh/11/31.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 5 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../neh/11/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../neh/11/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../neh/11/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../neh/11/34.md) -* [Verse: 36](../neh/11/36.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\01.md](../../v11/neh/12/01.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../neh/12/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../neh/12/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../neh/12/03.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\04.md](../../v11/neh/12/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../neh/12/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../neh/12/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../neh/12/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../neh/12/07.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\08.md](../../v11/neh/12/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../neh/12/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../neh/12/09.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\10.md](../../v11/neh/12/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../neh/12/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../neh/12/11.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\12.md](../../v11/neh/12/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../neh/12/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../neh/12/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../neh/12/14.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\12.md](../../v11/neh/12/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../neh/12/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../neh/12/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../neh/12/14.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\15.md](../../v11/neh/12/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 7 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../neh/12/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../neh/12/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../neh/12/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../neh/12/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../neh/12/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../neh/12/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../neh/12/21.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\15.md](../../v11/neh/12/15.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 7 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../neh/12/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../neh/12/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../neh/12/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../neh/12/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../neh/12/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../neh/12/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../neh/12/21.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\24.md](../../v11/neh/12/24.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../neh/12/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../neh/12/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../neh/12/26.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\24.md](../../v11/neh/12/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../neh/12/24.md) -* [Verse: 26](../neh/12/26.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\32.md](../../v11/neh/12/32.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 32](../neh/12/32.md) -* [Verse: 33](../neh/12/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../neh/12/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../neh/12/35.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\38.md](../../v11/neh/12/38.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 38](../neh/12/38.md) -* [Verse: 39](../neh/12/39.md) - -Old version of [neh\12\40.md](../../v11/neh/12/40.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 41](../neh/12/41.md) -* [Verse: 42](../neh/12/42.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\01\08.md](../../v11/zep/01/08.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/01/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/01/09.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\01.md](../../v11/zep/03/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/03/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/03/02.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\03.md](../../v11/zep/03/03.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/03/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/03/04.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\03.md](../../v11/zep/03/03.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/03/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/03/05.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\06.md](../../v11/zep/03/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/03/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/03/07.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\08.md](../../v11/zep/03/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/03/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/03/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/03/10.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\08.md](../../v11/zep/03/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/03/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/03/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/03/10.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\11.md](../../v11/zep/03/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/03/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/03/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\11.md](../../v11/zep/03/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/03/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/03/12.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\14.md](../../v11/zep/03/14.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/03/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/03/15.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\16.md](../../v11/zep/03/16.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/03/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/03/17.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\16.md](../../v11/zep/03/16.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/03/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/03/17.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\16.md](../../v11/zep/03/16.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/03/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/03/17.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\18.md](../../v11/zep/03/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/03/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/03/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\18.md](../../v11/zep/03/18.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/03/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/03/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\18.md](../../v11/zep/03/18.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/03/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/03/19.md) + +Old version of [zep\03\20.md](../../v11/zep/03/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/03/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/03/21.md) + +Old version of 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[Verse: 32](../zep/12/32.md) +* [Verse: 33](../zep/12/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/12/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/12/35.md) + +Old version of [zep\12\38.md](../../v11/zep/12/38.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 38](../zep/12/38.md) +* [Verse: 39](../zep/12/39.md) + +Old version of [zep\12\40.md](../../v11/zep/12/40.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 41](../zep/12/41.md) +* [Verse: 42](../zep/12/42.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/num/01/07.md b/num/01/07.md index 59bceb0e5..66bc2bc6c 100644 --- a/num/01/07.md +++ b/num/01/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/judah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/issachar]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/zebulun]] diff --git a/num/01/10.md b/num/01/10.md index 59bceb0e5..ed9f2b1b8 100644 --- a/num/01/10.md +++ b/num/01/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ephraim]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josephot]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/manasseh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] diff --git a/num/01/12.md b/num/01/12.md index 59bceb0e5..8d1c48dbb 100644 --- a/num/01/12.md +++ b/num/01/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues to list the leaders of the tribes to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/dan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/asher]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/gad]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/naphtali]] diff --git a/num/05/11.md b/num/05/11.md index e69de29bb..89b1a6e3e 100644 --- a/num/05/11.md +++ b/num/05/11.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +The words "Suppose that a man's wife turns away" begin a long description of a hypothetical situation, something that has not happened but might happen. Yahweh tells Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) + diff --git a/num/05/12.md b/num/05/12.md index eed06245c..a3d794d33 100644 --- a/num/05/12.md +++ b/num/05/12.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Suppose that a man's wife turns away and sins against her husband - -This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) - # a man's wife turns away This means that she goes away from him and is unfaithful to him. AT: "a man's wife is unfaithful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/num/05/13.md b/num/05/13.md index 0fc27629c..b52a484cd 100644 --- a/num/05/13.md +++ b/num/05/13.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ -# Then suppose that another man sleeps with her +# Connecting Statement: -"and another man sleeps with her." This sentence can be written as part of the previous sentence. This explains how she sinned against her husband. This is something that could possibly happen. Yahweh is telling Moses what to do if it does happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) +Moses continues to describe the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md). -# she is defiled ... his wife is defiled ... his wife is not defiled +# If a man lies with her -These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "she has defiled herself ... his wife has defiled herself ... his wife has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This is a euphemism. AT: "If a man has sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + +# her + +the woman who turns away and sins against her husband ([Numbers 5:12](./12.md)) # in the act diff --git a/num/05/14.md b/num/05/14.md index b1275d414..ee4b159aa 100644 --- a/num/05/14.md +++ b/num/05/14.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# she is defiled ... his wife is defiled ... his wife is not defiled +# his wife is defiled ... his wife is not defiled -These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "she has defiled herself ... his wife has defiled herself ... his wife has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +These phrases can be stated in active form. AT: "his wife has defiled herself ... his wife has not defiled herself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # a spirit of jealousy might still inform the husband diff --git a/num/05/15.md b/num/05/15.md index df2791871..5c64b2efd 100644 --- a/num/05/15.md +++ b/num/05/15.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses begins to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # a tenth This is one part out of ten equal parts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]]) diff --git a/num/05/16.md b/num/05/16.md index 6e2b844a4..cd7638fff 100644 --- a/num/05/16.md +++ b/num/05/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # near and place her before Yahweh "in the presence of Yahweh." The priest would bring her near the altar. AT: "near the altar and place her in the presence of Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/num/05/18.md b/num/05/18.md index c6a465af9..7d150efb6 100644 --- a/num/05/18.md +++ b/num/05/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # before Yahweh "in the presence of Yahweh" diff --git a/num/05/19.md b/num/05/19.md index 9a4d1f9c9..1f0172139 100644 --- a/num/05/19.md +++ b/num/05/19.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ +# no other man has lain with you + +This is a euphemism. AT: "no other man has had sexual relations with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + # if you have not gone astray The words "gone astray" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "if you have not been unfaithful to your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) # and committed impurity -"by committing impurity." This phrase refers to "committing adultery." +"by committing impurity." This phrase refers to committing adultery. # you will be free from this bitter water diff --git a/num/05/20.md b/num/05/20.md index 814b371b8..f9af8207e 100644 --- a/num/05/20.md +++ b/num/05/20.md @@ -1,12 +1,8 @@ -# under her husband +# Connecting Statement: -This phrase means that she is under her husband's authority. AT: "under her husband's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. # have gone astray The words "gone astray" is an idiom that means "to be unfaithful." AT: "have been unfaithful to your husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# you are defiled - -This can be stated in active form. AT: "you have defiled yourself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - diff --git a/num/05/23.md b/num/05/23.md index 64d66ab41..41efb9a9c 100644 --- a/num/05/23.md +++ b/num/05/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # he must wash away the written curses This means that he is to wash the ink off of the scroll. diff --git a/num/05/24.md b/num/05/24.md index f0f7da5a6..8dc1aac36 100644 --- a/num/05/24.md +++ b/num/05/24.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ Verse 24 explains in a general way what the priest must do and what is expected to happen when the woman drinks the water. Verse 25 and 26 explains in detail how the priest is to do this work. The priest gives the water to the woman and she drinks it only once. +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + diff --git a/num/05/27.md b/num/05/27.md index 25e49773c..950d46c08 100644 --- a/num/05/27.md +++ b/num/05/27.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # if she is defiled because she has committed This can be written in active form. AT: "if she has defined herself by committing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/num/05/29.md b/num/05/29.md index 97af78a5b..062db02b0 100644 --- a/num/05/29.md +++ b/num/05/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # the law of jealousy "the law for dealing with jealousy" diff --git a/num/05/31.md b/num/05/31.md index a854d3a7f..d3690ab9b 100644 --- a/num/05/31.md +++ b/num/05/31.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Moses continues to describe what the people are to do if the hypothetical situation he began describing in [Numbers 5:12](./11.md) ever happens. + # will be free from guilt for bringing his wife to the priest "will not be guilty of doing something wrong by bringing his wife to the priest" diff --git a/num/05/intro.md b/num/05/intro.md index d5d54415d..1e37586ba 100644 --- a/num/05/intro.md +++ b/num/05/intro.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -== Israel's camp== +##### Israel's camp ##### -Israel's entire camp was to be a "clean" place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) +Israel's entire camp was to be a "clean" place. This meant that people who could not be made acceptable to God were not allowed inside the camp. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) ##### Vengeance ##### There are several laws in this chapter regarding restitution. These laws were meant to limit the ways in which people who had been wronged could seek to be compensated. These laws were intended to make it difficult for such people to avenge a wrong when they were angry. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) diff --git a/num/09/14.md b/num/09/14.md index 0f72d2ea6..1b6b17002 100644 --- a/num/09/14.md +++ b/num/09/14.md @@ -2,13 +2,9 @@ Here "you" is plural and refers to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) -# he must keep it and do all he commands +# he must keep it according to the statute of the Passover and according to its rule -"that stranger must keep it and do all that Yahweh commands" - -# keeping the rules of the Passover, and obeying the laws for it - -These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that the stranger must obey all of the rules about the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +"that stranger must keep it and do all that Yahweh has commanded concerning the Passover." The words "statute" and "rule" mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that the stranger must obey all of the rules about the Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) # in the land diff --git a/num/13/intro.md b/num/13/intro.md index d9b1bbd72..0c28a0b1a 100644 --- a/num/13/intro.md +++ b/num/13/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Spies ##### -Leaders from each of the tribes went to spy on the Promised Land in Canaan. Yahweh was not concerned with how many people were there, because he could defeat them. It appears that he is testing the faith of the people. The people were supposed to be excited to enter this wonderful land, instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Leaders from each of the tribes went to spy on the Promised Land in Canaan. Yahweh was not concerned with how many people were there, because he could defeat them. It appears that he is testing the faith of the people. The people were supposed to be excited to enter this wonderful land, instead they were afraid. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/num/16/11.md b/num/16/11.md index 33962b840..83263268c 100644 --- a/num/16/11.md +++ b/num/16/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# So why are you complaining about Aaron, who obeys Yahweh? +# Who is Aaron that you grumble against him? Moses uses this question to show them that when they complain about what Aaron does, they are really complaining against Yahweh, because Aaron was doing what Yahweh told him to do. AT: "You are not really complaining about Aaron, but about Yahweh, whom Aaron obeys!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/num/16/intro.md b/num/16/intro.md index 97bf44394..a7959bcd7 100644 --- a/num/16/intro.md +++ b/num/16/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Rebellion and punishment ##### -A certain Levite and a few men from the tribe of Reuben claimed that they were just as good as Moses and Aaron, and they also could do the work of sacrificing animals at the sacred tent. So Moses told them to come to the sacred tent and burn incense to Yahweh. God then made the earth open and swallow up these leaders and their families. He also sent fire to destroy 250 other men who had joined with those leaders. These actions showed that only the Levites, those whom Yahweh appointed, could be priests. Also, it taught the people that to rebel against Yahweh's anointed was to rebel against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) +A certain Levite and a few men from the tribe of Reuben claimed that they were just as good as Moses and Aaron, and they also could do the work of sacrificing animals at the sacred tent. So Moses told them to come to the sacred tent and burn incense to Yahweh. God then made the earth open and swallow up these leaders and their families. He also sent fire to destroy 250 other men who had joined with those leaders. These actions showed that only the Levites, those whom Yahweh appointed, could be priests. Also, it taught the people that to rebel against Yahweh's anointed was to rebel against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/num/18/10.md b/num/18/10.md index 5aad27589..b12cd63ad 100644 --- a/num/18/10.md +++ b/num/18/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,9 @@ # Connecting Statement: God continues speaking to Aaron. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/setapart]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/peoplegroup]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/family]] diff --git a/num/19/17.md b/num/19/17.md index 5660ae13f..04cbb8434 100644 --- a/num/19/17.md +++ b/num/19/17.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ The idea of "unclean" represents not being acceptable to God or fit for use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) The ideas of "clean" and "purify" here represent being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/ash]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sinoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] diff --git a/num/26/28.md b/num/26/28.md index 148edeb6c..5b353b598 100644 --- a/num/26/28.md +++ b/num/26/28.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josephot]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/manasseh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ephraim]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/gilead]] diff --git a/num/26/30.md b/num/26/30.md index 148edeb6c..9e5781f13 100644 --- a/num/26/30.md +++ b/num/26/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: The leaders of Israel are counting the men, 20 years old and older, according to their tribes and families. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/clan]] diff --git a/num/28/intro.md b/num/28/intro.md index d017ba970..44e2a5272 100644 --- a/num/28/intro.md +++ b/num/28/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Offerings for special days ##### -God commanded the Israelites to make special offerings for Sabbaths, new months, Passover and firstfruits. On each of these occasions, specific sacrifices were required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]]) +God commanded the Israelites to make special offerings for Sabbaths, new months, Passover and firstfruits. On each of these occasions, specific sacrifices were required. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstfruit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/num/29/02.md b/num/29/02.md index 8870792c9..9b92e1f4f 100644 --- a/num/29/02.md +++ b/num/29/02.md @@ -1,4 +1,10 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/burntoffering]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/cow]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/sheep]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lamb]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/blemish]] diff --git a/num/31/17.md b/num/31/17.md index 38afa86d4..9d6ecbac2 100644 --- a/num/31/17.md +++ b/num/31/17.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# slept with a man +# has known a man by lying with him -had sexual relations with a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"has had sexual relations with a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/num/31/18.md b/num/31/18.md index 9e7f90a51..5ab1a9a7f 100644 --- a/num/31/18.md +++ b/num/31/18.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Moses speaks to the commanders of the Israelite army about becoming clean before God. -# who have never slept with a man +# who have not known a man by lying with him -This refers to girls who were virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"who have not had sexual relations with any man." This refers to girls who were virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/num/31/35.md b/num/31/35.md index bf56e9dd4..d453ef677 100644 --- a/num/31/35.md +++ b/num/31/35.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "72,000 oxen, 61,000 donkeys, and 32,000 women" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) -# women who had never slept with any man +# women who had not known a man by lying with him -This refers to women who are virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +"women who had no had sexual relations with a man." This refers to women who are virgins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/num/31/47.md b/num/31/47.md index 5faf8c10b..38ca6b8f5 100644 --- a/num/31/47.md +++ b/num/31/47.md @@ -2,4 +2,7 @@ Moses is listing the plunder that goes to the people and the tax that goes to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) The tax on the people's portion was higher than the tax on the soldiers' portion. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/levite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/command]] diff --git a/num/32/intro.md b/num/32/intro.md index 980ef8fad..4c3e68f34 100644 --- a/num/32/intro.md +++ b/num/32/intro.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ ##### Reuben and Gad's inheritance ##### -Reuben and Gad were given the land conquered east of the Jordan River. This land had good pastures, and suited these tribes because they had many sheep, goats and cattle. They had not yet entered into the Promised Land, and it would have been sinful to not fight with the rest of Israel. So they promised to enter the land to fight with the other tribes, and then return to their own land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +Reuben and Gad were given the land conquered east of the Jordan River. This land had good pastures, and suited these tribes because they had many sheep, goats and cattle. They had not yet entered into the Promised Land, and it would have been sinful to not fight with the rest of Israel. So they promised to enter the land to fight with the other tribes, and then return to their own land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/num/33/15.md b/num/33/15.md index c5050cc1c..689d1decc 100644 --- a/num/33/15.md +++ b/num/33/15.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/sinai]] diff --git a/num/33/35.md b/num/33/35.md index c5050cc1c..0318fd8a1 100644 --- a/num/33/35.md +++ b/num/33/35.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kadesh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/edom]] diff --git a/num/33/44.md b/num/33/44.md index c5050cc1c..7c3645347 100644 --- a/num/33/44.md +++ b/num/33/44.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: Moses lists the places the Israelites went after they left Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/moab]] diff --git a/num/34/04.md b/num/34/04.md index b66e3c54f..ece2f98ad 100644 --- a/num/34/04.md +++ b/num/34/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kadesh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/egypt]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/mediterranean]] diff --git a/num/34/06.md b/num/34/06.md index 74d6248ce..13df4ba70 100644 --- a/num/34/06.md +++ b/num/34/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/mediterranean]] diff --git a/num/34/10.md b/num/34/10.md index b66e3c54f..bb45520fb 100644 --- a/num/34/10.md +++ b/num/34/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses where the borders are for the land that he is giving to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/seaofgalilee]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jordanriver]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/saltsea]] diff --git a/num/34/19.md b/num/34/19.md index e8d8b6227..f41e81332 100644 --- a/num/34/19.md +++ b/num/34/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: This is the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/judah]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/caleb]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/descendant]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/simeon]] diff --git a/num/34/21.md b/num/34/21.md index 43962942c..2ba879cc3 100644 --- a/num/34/21.md +++ b/num/34/21.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/dan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josephot]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/manasseh]] diff --git a/num/34/24.md b/num/34/24.md index 43962942c..bfd07db8c 100644 --- a/num/34/24.md +++ b/num/34/24.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: This continues the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/ephraim]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/zebulun]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/issachar]] diff --git a/num/34/27.md b/num/34/27.md index d304748d6..7fd05148a 100644 --- a/num/34/27.md +++ b/num/34/27.md @@ -1,4 +1,11 @@ # General Information: This concludes the list of men who will help divide the land among the tribes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tribe]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/asher]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/naphtali]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/command]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/canaan]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] diff --git a/num/35/08.md b/num/35/08.md index 8870792c9..641ea67cb 100644 --- a/num/35/08.md +++ b/num/35/08.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/tribe]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/levite]] diff --git a/num/35/14.md b/num/35/14.md index 8870792c9..c8d429076 100644 --- a/num/35/14.md +++ b/num/35/14.md @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@ # General Information: Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/jordanriver]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/foreigner]] diff --git a/num/front/intro.md b/num/front/intro.md index df32e1979..6b522155f 100644 --- a/num/front/intro.md +++ b/num/front/intro.md @@ -60,4 +60,4 @@ The people understood and assumed that God would punish the whole community of I #### Why does Moses speak using third person pronouns about himself? #### -When an author wrote about something he was involved in, it was common for him to use the pronoun "he" instead of "I," or "they" instead of "we." The translator may decide to use the project's normal pronouns instead. \ No newline at end of file +When an author wrote about something he was involved in, it was common for him to use the pronoun "he" instead of "I," or "they" instead of "we." The translator may decide to use the project's normal pronouns instead. diff --git a/num/span.md b/num/span.md index f49ab7b1b..cdf300ecb 100644 --- a/num/span.md +++ b/num/span.md @@ -1,147 +1,143 @@ -Old version of [num\01\04.md](../../v11/num/01/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../num/01/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../num/01/06.md) +Old version of [zep\01\04.md](../../v11/zep/01/04.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/01/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/01/06.md) -Old version of [num\04\09.md](../../v11/num/04/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../num/04/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../num/04/10.md) +Old version of [zep\04\09.md](../../v11/zep/04/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/04/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/04/10.md) -Old version of [num\04\31.md](../../v11/num/04/31.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 31](../num/04/31.md) -* [Verse: 32](../num/04/32.md) +Old version of [zep\04\31.md](../../v11/zep/04/31.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 31](../zep/04/31.md) +* [Verse: 32](../zep/04/32.md) -Old version of [num\05\13.md](../../v11/num/05/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../num/05/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../num/05/14.md) +Old version of [zep\06\01.md](../../v11/zep/06/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 2](../zep/06/02.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/06/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/06/04.md) -Old version of [num\06\01.md](../../v11/num/06/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 2](../num/06/02.md) -* [Verse: 3](../num/06/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../num/06/04.md) +Old version of [zep\06\06.md](../../v11/zep/06/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/06/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/06/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/06/08.md) -Old version of 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8](../zep/07/08.md) -Old version of [num\07\06.md](../../v11/num/07/06.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../num/07/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../num/07/08.md) +Old version of [zep\07\84.md](../../v11/zep/07/84.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 85](../zep/07/85.md) +* [Verse: 86](../zep/07/86.md) -Old version of [num\07\84.md](../../v11/num/07/84.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 85](../num/07/85.md) -* [Verse: 86](../num/07/86.md) +Old version of [zep\07\84.md](../../v11/zep/07/84.md) line number 33 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 85](../zep/07/85.md) +* [Verse: 86](../zep/07/86.md) -Old version of [num\07\84.md](../../v11/num/07/84.md) line number 33 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 85](../num/07/85.md) -* [Verse: 86](../num/07/86.md) +Old version of [zep\07\87.md](../../v11/zep/07/87.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 87](../zep/07/87.md) +* 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version of [zep\13\09.md](../../v11/zep/13/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/13/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/13/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/13/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/13/12.md) -Old version of [num\13\09.md](../../v11/num/13/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../num/13/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../num/13/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../num/13/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../num/13/12.md) +Old version of [zep\13\13.md](../../v11/zep/13/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/13/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/13/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/13/15.md) -Old version of [num\13\13.md](../../v11/num/13/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../num/13/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../num/13/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../num/13/15.md) +Old version of [zep\13\21.md](../../v11/zep/13/21.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/13/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/13/22.md) -Old version of [num\13\21.md](../../v11/num/13/21.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../num/13/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../num/13/22.md) +Old version of [zep\18\03.md](../../v11/zep/18/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/18/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/18/04.md) -Old version of [num\18\03.md](../../v11/num/18/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../num/18/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../num/18/04.md) +Old version of [zep\18\03.md](../../v11/zep/18/03.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/18/03.md) +* [Verse: 4](../zep/18/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/18/05.md) -Old version of [num\18\03.md](../../v11/num/18/03.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../num/18/03.md) -* [Verse: 4](../num/18/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../num/18/05.md) +Old version of [zep\21\24.md](../../v11/zep/21/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/21/24.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/21/26.md) -Old version of [num\21\24.md](../../v11/num/21/24.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../num/21/24.md) -* [Verse: 26](../num/21/26.md) +Old version of [zep\23\16.md](../../v11/zep/23/16.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/23/16.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/23/18.md) -Old version of [num\23\16.md](../../v11/num/23/16.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../num/23/16.md) -* [Verse: 18](../num/23/18.md) +Old version of [zep\25\12.md](../../v11/zep/25/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/25/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/25/13.md) -Old version of [num\25\12.md](../../v11/num/25/12.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../num/25/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../num/25/13.md) +Old version of [zep\25\14.md](../../v11/zep/25/14.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/25/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/25/15.md) -Old version of [num\25\14.md](../../v11/num/25/14.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../num/25/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../num/25/15.md) +Old version of [zep\26\08.md](../../v11/zep/26/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/26/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/26/09.md) -Old version of [num\26\08.md](../../v11/num/26/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../num/26/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../num/26/09.md) +Old version of [zep\26\57.md](../../v11/zep/26/57.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 57](../zep/26/57.md) +* [Verse: 59](../zep/26/59.md) -Old version of [num\26\57.md](../../v11/num/26/57.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 57](../num/26/57.md) -* [Verse: 59](../num/26/59.md) +Old version of [zep\28\16.md](../../v11/zep/28/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 16](../zep/28/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/28/17.md) -Old version of [num\28\16.md](../../v11/num/28/16.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 16](../num/28/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../num/28/17.md) +Old version of [zep\29\14.md](../../v11/zep/29/14.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/29/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/29/15.md) -Old version of [num\29\14.md](../../v11/num/29/14.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../num/29/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../num/29/15.md) +Old version of [zep\31\03.md](../../v11/zep/31/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/31/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/31/05.md) -Old version of [num\31\03.md](../../v11/num/31/03.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../num/31/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../num/31/05.md) +Old version of [zep\31\32.md](../../v11/zep/31/32.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/31/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/31/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/31/35.md) -Old version of [num\31\32.md](../../v11/num/31/32.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../num/31/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../num/31/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../num/31/35.md) +Old version of [zep\32\34.md](../../v11/zep/32/34.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 34](../zep/32/34.md) +* [Verse: 35](../zep/32/35.md) +* [Verse: 36](../zep/32/36.md) -Old version of [num\32\34.md](../../v11/num/32/34.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 34](../num/32/34.md) -* [Verse: 35](../num/32/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../num/32/36.md) +Old version of [zep\32\37.md](../../v11/zep/32/37.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 37](../zep/32/37.md) +* [Verse: 38](../zep/32/38.md) -Old version of [num\32\37.md](../../v11/num/32/37.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 37](../num/32/37.md) -* [Verse: 38](../num/32/38.md) +Old version of [zep\32\40.md](../../v11/zep/32/40.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 41](../zep/32/41.md) +* [Verse: 42](../zep/32/42.md) -Old version of [num\32\40.md](../../v11/num/32/40.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 41](../num/32/41.md) -* [Verse: 42](../num/32/42.md) +Old version of [zep\32\40.md](../../v11/zep/32/40.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 41](../zep/32/41.md) +* [Verse: 42](../zep/32/42.md) -Old version of [num\32\40.md](../../v11/num/32/40.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 41](../num/32/41.md) -* [Verse: 42](../num/32/42.md) - -Old version of [num\35\06.md](../../v11/num/35/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../num/35/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../num/35/07.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\35\06.md](../../v11/zep/35/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/35/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/35/07.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/oba/front/intro.md b/oba/front/intro.md index 247e8ad00..60d808d2c 100644 --- a/oba/front/intro.md +++ b/oba/front/intro.md @@ -32,4 +32,4 @@ Obadiah referred to Edom as Israel's brother. This is because the Edomites desce #### How do I translate the concept of "pride"? #### -The Book of Obadiah speaks of the pride of Edom. This meant that the Edomites thought their enemies or Yahweh could not defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proud]]) \ No newline at end of file +The Book of Obadiah speaks of the pride of Edom. This meant that the Edomites thought their enemies or Yahweh could not defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proud]]) diff --git a/oba/span.md b/oba/span.md index 52317d7e9..fda566469 100644 --- a/oba/span.md +++ b/oba/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [oba\01\17.md](../../v11/oba/01/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../oba/01/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../oba/01/18.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\17.md](../../v11/zep/01/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/01/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/01/18.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/phm/front/intro.md b/phm/front/intro.md index c0b4cb116..eeed665b4 100644 --- a/phm/front/intro.md +++ b/phm/front/intro.md @@ -38,4 +38,4 @@ Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believe #### Singular and plural "you" #### -In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. The word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Philemon. The two exceptions to this are 1:22 and 1:25. There "you" refers to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) \ No newline at end of file +In this book, the word "I" refers to Paul. The word "you" is almost always singular and refers to Philemon. The two exceptions to this are 1:22 and 1:25. There "you" refers to Philemon and the believers that met at his house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) diff --git a/phm/span.md b/phm/span.md index c8defcca1..745561de8 100644 --- a/phm/span.md +++ b/phm/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [phm\01\01.md](../../v11/phm/01/01.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../phm/01/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../phm/01/02.md) +Old version of [zep\01\01.md](../../v11/zep/01/01.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/01/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/01/02.md) -Old version of [phm\01\10.md](../../v11/phm/01/10.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../phm/01/10.md) -* [Verse: 13](../phm/01/13.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\01\10.md](../../v11/zep/01/10.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/01/13.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/php/01/intro.md b/php/01/intro.md index 1dc047478..e39271473 100644 --- a/php/01/intro.md +++ b/php/01/intro.md @@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -It was possible at this time to begin an informal letter from a religious leader with a prayer. This is how Paul begins this letter. +Paul includes a prayer in the beginning of this letter. At that time, religious leaders sometimes began informal letters with a prayer. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### The day of Christ ##### -This is probably a reference to the day when Christ returns. It was common for Paul to connect the return of Christ with motivation for godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) +This probably refers to the day when Christ returns. Paul often connected the return of Christ with motivating godly living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. This statement in 1:21is a paradox: "to die is gain." In 1:23 Paul explains why it is better to die. ([Philippians 1:21](./20.md)) +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This statement in verse 21 is a paradox: "to die is gain." In verse 23 Paul explains why this is true. ([Philippians 1:21](./20.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/php/02/01.md b/php/02/01.md index 655a015c9..20c1136c4 100644 --- a/php/02/01.md +++ b/php/02/01.md @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ Paul advises the believers to have unity and humility and reminds them of Christ # If there is any encouragement in Christ -"If Christ has encouraged you " +"If Christ has encouraged you" or "If you are encouraged because of Christ" -# if there is any comfort from his love +# if there is any comfort provided by love -"if his love has given you any comfort" +The phrase "by love" probably refers to Christ's love for the Philippians. AT: "if his love has given you any comfort" or "if his love for you has comforted you in any way" -# if there is any fellowship of the Spirit +# if there is any fellowship in the Spirit "if you have fellowship with the Spirit" diff --git a/php/02/22.md b/php/02/22.md index 19693edb0..37a54e5a3 100644 --- a/php/02/22.md +++ b/php/02/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# as a child serves his father, so he served with me +# as a son with his father, so he served with me -Paul speaks of Timothy, who served Christ with Paul, as if he were a child serving his father. Paul is emphasizing the close father-son relationship he has with Timothy in serving Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +Fathers and sons love each other and work together. Timothy was not really Paul's son, but he worked with Paul as a son works with his father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # in the gospel diff --git a/php/02/intro.md b/php/02/intro.md index 66d6443df..806f7a42e 100644 --- a/php/02/intro.md +++ b/php/02/intro.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations, like the ULB, prefer to set apart the lines of 2:6-11. This is a description of the "mind of Christ." This is an important teaching on the person of Jesus. +Some translations, like the ULB, set apart the lines of verses 6-11. These verses describe the example of Christ. They teach important truths about the person of Jesus. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Practical instructions ##### -This chapter contains many practical instructions that Paul gives to the church in Philippi. +In this chapter Paul gives many practical instructions to the church in Philippi. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "If any" ##### -This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement, but it is not because it is assumed to be true. The translator may also translate as "since." +##### "If there is any" ##### +This appears to be a type of hypothetical statement. However, it is not a hypothetical statement, because it expresses something that is true. The translator may also translate this phrase as "Since there is." ## Links: ## diff --git a/php/03/intro.md b/php/03/intro.md index 21de7dfb1..b1678b0b3 100644 --- a/php/03/intro.md +++ b/php/03/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Philippians 3:4-8 contains a list of Paul's "qualifications" for being considered a righteous Jew. In every conceivable way, Paul was an exemplary Jew. He uses this to contrast with the greatness of knowing Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +In verses 4-8, Paul lists how he qualifies for being considered a righteous Jew. In every way, Paul was an exemplary Jew. But he contrasts this with the greatness of knowing Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Dogs ##### -In the ancient Near East, dogs were used as an image to refer to people in a negative way. Not all cultures will use the term "dogs" in this way and some cultures may have positive connotations associated with dogs. +The people of the ancient Near East used dogs as an image to refer to people in a negative way. Not all cultures use the term "dogs" in this way. ##### Resurrected Bodies ##### -Very little is known about what people will look like in heaven. It is apparent from this chapter, people will have bodies and they will be free from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +We know very little about what people will be like in heaven. Paul teaches here that Christians will have some kind of glorious body and will be free from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Prize ##### -Paul uses an extended illustration to describe the Christian life. The goal of the Christian life is attempting to grow in likeness to Christ until a person dies. This goal can never be perfectly achieved but must be strived for. +Paul uses an extended illustration to describe the Christian life. The goal of the Christian life is attempting to grow to be like Christ until a person dies. We can never achieve this goal perfectly, but we must strive for it. ## Links: ## diff --git a/php/04/intro.md b/php/04/intro.md index 58fb171fa..721d63550 100644 --- a/php/04/intro.md +++ b/php/04/intro.md @@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### "My joy and my crown" ##### -Paul considered the Philippians' spiritually maturity an important achievement that he helped to achieve. He takes pride in discipling other Christians and encouraging spirtual growth as an important part of the Christian life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) +Paul had helped the Philippians become spiritually mature. As a result, Paul rejoiced and God honored him and his work. He considered discipling other Christians and encouraging them to grow spiritually as important to Christian living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Euodia and Syntyche ##### -Apparently, there was a disagreement between these two women and Paul was encouraging unity and harmony between them. The exact details of their disagreement is insignificant (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Apparently, these two women disagreed with each other. Paul was encouraging them to agree. What they actually disagreed about is not significant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/php/front/intro.md b/php/front/intro.md index 44ed5605c..7713819bf 100644 --- a/php/front/intro.md +++ b/php/front/intro.md @@ -60,8 +60,6 @@ This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 8, 13, 14, 26, 27; 2:1, 5, 19, 24, 29; 3: #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Philippians? #### -The following is the most significant textual issue in Philippians: +* Some versions have "Amen" at the end of the final verse in the letter (4:23). The ULB, UDB, and other many modern versions do not. If "Amen" is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Philippians. -* Some versions have "Amen" at the end of the final verse in the letter (4:23). The ULB, UDB, and other many modern versions do not. - -If "Amen" is included, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Philippians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/php/span.md b/php/span.md index 33f72cf67..54816c3aa 100644 --- a/php/span.md +++ b/php/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [php\04\21.md](../../v11/php/04/21.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../php/04/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../php/04/22.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\04\21.md](../../v11/zep/04/21.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/04/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/04/22.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/pro/02/18.md b/pro/02/18.md index 1bb559d0c..588307984 100644 --- a/pro/02/18.md +++ b/pro/02/18.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# her house leads down to death +# her house sinks down to death Possible meanings are 1) "going to her house leads to death" or 2) "the road to her house is the road to death." diff --git a/pro/06/29.md b/pro/06/29.md index e69de29bb..0e489bd65 100644 --- a/pro/06/29.md +++ b/pro/06/29.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# the man who goes in to his neighbor's wife + +This is a euphemism. AT: "the man who has sexual relations with his neighbor's wife" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) + diff --git a/pro/10/intro.md b/pro/10/intro.md index 1e20fe856..ec95af420 100644 --- a/pro/10/intro.md +++ b/pro/10/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/11/intro.md b/pro/11/intro.md index 5c7313ac3..5b446e69b 100644 --- a/pro/11/intro.md +++ b/pro/11/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/12/intro.md b/pro/12/intro.md index 2ef1f6082..ae42ada0e 100644 --- a/pro/12/intro.md +++ b/pro/12/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/13/intro.md b/pro/13/intro.md index f0366e897..8cf15a2b2 100644 --- a/pro/13/intro.md +++ b/pro/13/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/14/intro.md b/pro/14/intro.md index 6e8f63c48..e423f98c2 100644 --- a/pro/14/intro.md +++ b/pro/14/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/15/intro.md b/pro/15/intro.md index 38ba85a40..b36045e2e 100644 --- a/pro/15/intro.md +++ b/pro/15/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/16/intro.md b/pro/16/intro.md index f4c0d0457..c316770a3 100644 --- a/pro/16/intro.md +++ b/pro/16/intro.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to ap ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/17/intro.md b/pro/17/intro.md index 689fd6715..f69aabb68 100644 --- a/pro/17/intro.md +++ b/pro/17/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/18/intro.md b/pro/18/intro.md index 70bd56764..4be52727f 100644 --- a/pro/18/intro.md +++ b/pro/18/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/19/intro.md b/pro/19/intro.md index 0cad754e0..fed6d6dfd 100644 --- a/pro/19/intro.md +++ b/pro/19/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/20/intro.md b/pro/20/intro.md index 36825adcd..4fe218025 100644 --- a/pro/20/intro.md +++ b/pro/20/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/21/intro.md b/pro/21/intro.md index f56e9203e..a4e6383fd 100644 --- a/pro/21/intro.md +++ b/pro/21/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/22/intro.md b/pro/22/intro.md index b9dfe263f..59b7e43a7 100644 --- a/pro/22/intro.md +++ b/pro/22/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attri ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical questions ##### diff --git a/pro/23/intro.md b/pro/23/intro.md index c1ac88a0c..ba31e8136 100644 --- a/pro/23/intro.md +++ b/pro/23/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attri ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/24/intro.md b/pro/24/intro.md index c1213ad32..ee486f077 100644 --- a/pro/24/intro.md +++ b/pro/24/intro.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ The second half of this chapter finishes the section. Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb. ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/25/16.md b/pro/25/16.md index a1b812528..21cb27209 100644 --- a/pro/25/16.md +++ b/pro/25/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ # General Information: Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/honey]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/neighbor]] diff --git a/pro/25/intro.md b/pro/25/intro.md index 86dd39e90..01b28d2a3 100644 --- a/pro/25/intro.md +++ b/pro/25/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attrib ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/26/intro.md b/pro/26/intro.md index 7281c1ef3..333150489 100644 --- a/pro/26/intro.md +++ b/pro/26/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is att ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/27/intro.md b/pro/27/intro.md index 62f5c44a2..afbb6f505 100644 --- a/pro/27/intro.md +++ b/pro/27/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is att ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/28/intro.md b/pro/28/intro.md index 5b99768c2..860fc015f 100644 --- a/pro/28/intro.md +++ b/pro/28/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is att ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/29/intro.md b/pro/29/intro.md index 09d534002..be6d0ddba 100644 --- a/pro/29/intro.md +++ b/pro/29/intro.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is att ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/30/intro.md b/pro/30/intro.md index c8be47227..01850698c 100644 --- a/pro/30/intro.md +++ b/pro/30/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means " From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like "small and yet wise." The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/31/intro.md b/pro/31/intro.md index 819a19d4e..e6afabc55 100644 --- a/pro/31/intro.md +++ b/pro/31/intro.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recogni Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife. ##### Themes ##### -There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/pro/front/intro.md b/pro/front/intro.md index 89cd51a56..dcac976db 100644 --- a/pro/front/intro.md +++ b/pro/front/intro.md @@ -42,4 +42,4 @@ Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are "parallel" to each other. The #### How should personification be represented in translation? #### -In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 03:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 04:6-9](../04/05.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) \ No newline at end of file +In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 03:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 04:6-9](../04/05.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) diff --git a/pro/span.md b/pro/span.md index 8a2e9a927..9c0ece509 100644 --- a/pro/span.md +++ b/pro/span.md @@ -1,53 +1,53 @@ -Old version of [pro\04\18.md](../../v11/pro/04/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../pro/04/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../pro/04/19.md) +Old version of [zep\04\18.md](../../v11/zep/04/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/04/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/04/19.md) -Old version of [pro\06\17.md](../../v11/pro/06/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../pro/06/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../pro/06/18.md) +Old version of [zep\06\17.md](../../v11/zep/06/17.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/06/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/06/18.md) -Old version of [pro\07\22.md](../../v11/pro/07/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../pro/07/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../pro/07/23.md) +Old version of [zep\07\22.md](../../v11/zep/07/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/07/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/07/23.md) -Old version of [pro\08\26.md](../../v11/pro/08/26.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 26](../pro/08/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../pro/08/27.md) +Old version of [zep\08\26.md](../../v11/zep/08/26.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 26](../zep/08/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/08/27.md) -Old version of [pro\08\35.md](../../v11/pro/08/35.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 35](../pro/08/35.md) -* [Verse: 36](../pro/08/36.md) +Old version of [zep\08\35.md](../../v11/zep/08/35.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 35](../zep/08/35.md) +* [Verse: 36](../zep/08/36.md) -Old version of [pro\09\05.md](../../v11/pro/09/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../pro/09/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../pro/09/06.md) +Old version of [zep\09\05.md](../../v11/zep/09/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/09/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/09/06.md) -Old version of [pro\11\05.md](../../v11/pro/11/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../pro/11/05.md) -* [Verse: 6](../pro/11/06.md) +Old version of [zep\11\05.md](../../v11/zep/11/05.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/11/05.md) +* [Verse: 6](../zep/11/06.md) -Old version of [pro\14\01.md](../../v11/pro/14/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../pro/14/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../pro/14/02.md) +Old version of [zep\14\01.md](../../v11/zep/14/01.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/14/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/14/02.md) -Old version of [pro\22\20.md](../../v11/pro/22/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../pro/22/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../pro/22/21.md) +Old version of [zep\22\20.md](../../v11/zep/22/20.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/22/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/22/21.md) -Old version of [pro\24\32.md](../../v11/pro/24/32.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 33](../pro/24/33.md) -* [Verse: 34](../pro/24/34.md) +Old version of [zep\24\32.md](../../v11/zep/24/32.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 33](../zep/24/33.md) +* [Verse: 34](../zep/24/34.md) -Old version of [pro\26\18.md](../../v11/pro/26/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../pro/26/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../pro/26/19.md) +Old version of [zep\26\18.md](../../v11/zep/26/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/26/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/26/19.md) -Old version of [pro\30\11.md](../../v11/pro/30/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../pro/30/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../pro/30/12.md) +Old version of [zep\30\11.md](../../v11/zep/30/11.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/30/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/30/12.md) -Old version of [pro\30\13.md](../../v11/pro/30/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../pro/30/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../pro/30/14.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\30\13.md](../../v11/zep/30/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/30/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/30/14.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/psa/001/intro.md b/psa/001/intro.md index 63dec82ec..e386dc190 100644 --- a/psa/001/intro.md +++ b/psa/001/intro.md @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ A main theme in this psalm is what it means to be blessed. Here "blessed" refers ##### People who opposed Yahweh ##### -There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +There are several words in this psalm for those who oppose God: "the wicked" (those who do evil), "sinners" (those who ignore God's law), and "mockers" (those who mock God and the righteous people). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/010/intro.md b/psa/010/intro.md index 79ed20c32..41f3792c5 100644 --- a/psa/010/intro.md +++ b/psa/010/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/delivere #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Evil people ##### -The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) +The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]]) ##### Second half of Psalm 9 ##### diff --git a/psa/011/intro.md b/psa/011/intro.md index 266c464b9..639222d77 100644 --- a/psa/011/intro.md +++ b/psa/011/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Type of psalm #### -Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/psa/015/intro.md b/psa/015/intro.md index eecb39e10..55ab801b5 100644 --- a/psa/015/intro.md +++ b/psa/015/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Godliness ##### -This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) +This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) ##### Moral Conditions for Worship ##### diff --git a/psa/016/intro.md b/psa/016/intro.md index caf21a617..06c154acb 100644 --- a/psa/016/intro.md +++ b/psa/016/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 16 is a psalm of praise, thanking God for all his mercies. The New Testame #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Messiah ##### -God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) +God has been so good to the psalmist, who will worship no other god. The New Testament considers the tenth verse to be about Christ's resurrection when it says that he is God's anointed one, and that God will not leave his body in the grave to decay. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/anoint]]) ##### Superscription ##### The term "Michtam" is used in the superscription for this psalm. There is much discussion about this term, but in the end no one is certain what it means. So it is easiest to transliterate this word into your language, or you are welcome to translate it as "psalm." diff --git a/psa/019/intro.md b/psa/019/intro.md index 41f8065b1..ac3612d43 100644 --- a/psa/019/intro.md +++ b/psa/019/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's law ##### -God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) +God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/022/intro.md b/psa/022/intro.md index 7212f86a7..94fbcda9a 100644 --- a/psa/022/intro.md +++ b/psa/022/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Type of psalm #### -Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) +Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/psa/038/intro.md b/psa/038/intro.md index 2fd93c712..6e66d1f0b 100644 --- a/psa/038/intro.md +++ b/psa/038/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Type of psalm #### -Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) +Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Author's sickness ##### diff --git a/psa/044/025.md b/psa/044/025.md index d3dd5330e..811b1f136 100644 --- a/psa/044/025.md +++ b/psa/044/025.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -# For we have melted away into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth +# For we have sunk down into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -# For we have melted away into the dust +# For we have sunk down into the dust The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # our bodies cling to the earth -The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/psa/053/intro.md b/psa/053/intro.md index 2d0bbc8a3..5b5f89f04 100644 --- a/psa/053/intro.md +++ b/psa/053/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Type of psalm #### -Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) +Psalm 53 is a wisdom psalm. It warns people who do evil that God will judge them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's watching mankind ##### diff --git a/psa/062/intro.md b/psa/062/intro.md index 817685886..91dda0c6b 100644 --- a/psa/062/intro.md +++ b/psa/062/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Type of psalm #### -Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/psa/074/intro.md b/psa/074/intro.md index 428c281e9..23cd475b4 100644 --- a/psa/074/intro.md +++ b/psa/074/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Psalm 74 is a psalm of deliverance. The people have been completely conquered an #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### God's power ##### -The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) +The enemies have destroyed God's temple and are insulting the people. God is powerful. He made everything and he chose Israel for his people. He should avenge himself on these enemies that have burnt his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) ##### Superscription ##### This is called a "Maschil." The word in the original language has caused scholars to have various opinions about its meaning. Some say it means to instruct, while others say that the word is referring to the skill used in creating the psalm. Still others think it means that meditation should be used in reading this psalm. diff --git a/psa/078/007.md b/psa/078/007.md index 7c4584b6d..badd4e5b2 100644 --- a/psa/078/007.md +++ b/psa/078/007.md @@ -1,4 +1,12 @@ # General Information: The writer speaks of the "children" of [Psalms 78:5-6](./005.md). +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hope]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/god]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rebel]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heart]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/commit]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] diff --git a/psa/085/intro.md b/psa/085/intro.md index c2cc1c9da..afe317562 100644 --- a/psa/085/intro.md +++ b/psa/085/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 85 is a worship psalm. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Blessings ##### -God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) +God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) ##### Group Prayer ##### Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying. diff --git a/psa/086/intro.md b/psa/086/intro.md index 09feb5b10..2c66fc9f4 100644 --- a/psa/086/intro.md +++ b/psa/086/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many ene #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's help ##### -God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/101/intro.md b/psa/101/intro.md index 973705fdc..d1550b5ea 100644 --- a/psa/101/intro.md +++ b/psa/101/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Encouragement ##### -The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land and restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/103/intro.md b/psa/103/intro.md index 8c6ad4a3c..436e2b401 100644 --- a/psa/103/intro.md +++ b/psa/103/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-1 #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's grace ##### -God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/111/intro.md b/psa/111/intro.md index 746d66565..cb2c3e73d 100644 --- a/psa/111/intro.md +++ b/psa/111/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's character ##### -God is great. He has given his people food and a land and always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) +God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/115/intro.md b/psa/115/intro.md index dfa76034e..6d97c687a 100644 --- a/psa/115/intro.md +++ b/psa/115/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's power ##### -God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) +God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/118/intro.md b/psa/118/intro.md index 74354418f..02c81eb1a 100644 --- a/psa/118/intro.md +++ b/psa/118/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/k #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Rejected stone ##### -The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/119/031.md b/psa/119/031.md index 9ab39cb19..c86499312 100644 --- a/psa/119/031.md +++ b/psa/119/031.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Holding tightly to them refers to being committed to obeying them. AT: "I hold t # covenant decrees -This refers to the Law of Moses. +This refers to the law of Moses. diff --git a/psa/119/033.md b/psa/119/033.md index e16062d57..6e13901dc 100644 --- a/psa/119/033.md +++ b/psa/119/033.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # your statutes -This is another way of describing the Law of Moses. +This is another way of describing the law of Moses. # to the end diff --git a/psa/119/036.md b/psa/119/036.md index eac37be7f..074f06625 100644 --- a/psa/119/036.md +++ b/psa/119/036.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is an idiom. The "heart" here refers to the will, desires, and choices that # your covenant decrees -"to obey your covenant decrees." This is referring to obeying the Law of Moses. +"to obey your covenant decrees." This is referring to obeying the law of Moses. # unrighteous gain diff --git a/psa/141/intro.md b/psa/141/intro.md index 91c340f1a..2d9d4d92e 100644 --- a/psa/141/intro.md +++ b/psa/141/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc:// #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Yahweh's correction ##### -The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) +The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/146/intro.md b/psa/146/intro.md index e8011cf82..15621bfde 100644 --- a/psa/146/intro.md +++ b/psa/146/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Trust ##### -Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) +Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/psa/front/intro.md b/psa/front/intro.md index 40e4a9f71..2d79753b0 100644 --- a/psa/front/intro.md +++ b/psa/front/intro.md @@ -71,4 +71,4 @@ From ancient times, people have numbered the Psalms in different ways. The Jews #### How should the translator view the terms Selah and Higgaion that occur in various psalms? #### -"Selah" and "Higgaion" seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. For this reason, translators may decide to transliterate them or leave them out but not try to translate them. \ No newline at end of file +"Selah" and "Higgaion" seem to be musical terms inserted as directions for singers and musicians. Scholars do not agree as to their meaning. 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spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../psa/17/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../psa/17/14.md) +Old version of [zep\17\13.md](../../v11/zep/17/13.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/17/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/17/14.md) -Old version of [psa\17\13.md](../../v11/psa/17/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../psa/17/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../psa/17/14.md) +Old version of [zep\17\13.md](../../v11/zep/17/13.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/17/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/17/14.md) -Old version of [psa\18\22.md](../../v11/psa/18/22.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../psa/18/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../psa/18/23.md) +Old version of [zep\18\22.md](../../v11/zep/18/22.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/18/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/18/23.md) -Old version of [psa\18\25.md](../../v11/psa/18/25.md) line number 9 has a 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number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../psa/25/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../psa/25/13.md) +Old version of [zep\25\12.md](../../v11/zep/25/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/25/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/25/13.md) -Old version of [psa\31\05.md](../../v11/psa/31/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 5](../psa/31/05.md) -* [Verse: 7](../psa/31/07.md) +Old version of [zep\31\05.md](../../v11/zep/31/05.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 5](../zep/31/05.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/31/07.md) -Old version of [psa\31\17.md](../../v11/psa/31/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 17](../psa/31/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../psa/31/18.md) +Old version of [zep\31\17.md](../../v11/zep/31/17.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 17](../zep/31/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/31/18.md) -Old version of 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4e92db31e..7b58857d8 100644 --- a/rev/01/20.md +++ b/rev/01/20.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The lampstands are symbols that represent the seven churches. See how you transl # the angels of the seven churches -Possible meanings are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches. +Possible meanings are that these "angels" are 1) heavenly angels who protect the seven churches or 2) human messengers to the seven churches, either messengers who went from John to the churches or the leaders of those churches. # seven churches diff --git a/rev/01/intro.md b/rev/01/intro.md index eb91bbdce..c87c2548f 100644 --- a/rev/01/intro.md +++ b/rev/01/intro.md @@ -2,36 +2,43 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter explains how the book is a recording of the vision John received on the island of Patmos. +This chapter explains how the Book of Revelation records the vision John received on the island of Patmos. -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 1:7. +Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULB does this with the quoted words in verse 7. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Seven churches ##### -This letter was specifically addressed to seven actual churches located in the modern country of Turkey. + +John wrote this book to seven actual churches in Asia Minor, which is now the country of Turkey. ##### White ##### -White is a color that often symbolizes holiness or righteousness in scripture. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +The Bible often speaks of something that belongs to a person being "white" as a metaphor and metonym for that person living rightly and pleasing God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) + +##### "Him who is, and who was, and who is to come" ##### + +God exists now. He has always existed. He will always exist. Your language may have a different way of saying this. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "Him who is, and who was, and who is to come" ##### -The phrase explains that God has always existed, exists now and will always exist. Not all languages have a way to easily translate the past, present and future aspects of a verb. It is possible this is a play on the name of God, Yahweh, which means "I am." +##### Blood ##### -##### His blood ##### -This is a reference to Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Blood is a metonym for death. Jesus "has released us from our sins by his blood." John means that Jesus saved us from our sins by dying for us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "He is coming with the clouds" ##### -Many scholars believe Jesus will come back in two stages. Jesus' first return will be subtle, like a "thief in the night." Then, Jesus will come in an undeniable way where everyone will see him. It is this latter coming that the book of Revelation is about. -##### Jesus ##### -The image of the man in heaven is probably Jesus. Overall, the image is a description of Jesus in all of his glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Jesus went into the clouds when he went up to heaven after God raised him from the dead. When Jesus returns, he will also be "with the clouds." It is not clear whether he will be sitting or riding on clouds or coming in the clouds or "with the clouds" in some other way. Your translation should express this in a way that is natural in your language. + +##### "One like a son of man" ##### + +This refers to Jesus. You should translate the words "son of man" using the same words that you used to translate the words of Jesus when he said he is the Son of Man. ##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### -The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." It is possible this is a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. + +The word "angels" here can also mean "messengers." This might refer to heavenly beings, or to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. John uses the same word "angel" (singular) in verse 1 and in many other places throughout the book. Your translation should also use the same word. ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/02/01.md b/rev/02/01.md index 9ac4e0a93..70a6d91d0 100644 --- a/rev/02/01.md +++ b/rev/02/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in # the angel -Possible meanings are 1) a heavenly angel who protects the church or 2) a human messenger to the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) # stars diff --git a/rev/02/07.md b/rev/02/07.md index 961c56648..eefaecc30 100644 --- a/rev/02/07.md +++ b/rev/02/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Let the one who has an ear listen +# Let the one who has an ear, hear -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # the one who conquers diff --git a/rev/02/08.md b/rev/02/08.md index 603730789..f8dc92a1a 100644 --- a/rev/02/08.md +++ b/rev/02/08.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Smyrna. +# the angel + +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) + # Smyrna This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rev/02/10.md b/rev/02/10.md index e1631e179..5318073f9 100644 --- a/rev/02/10.md +++ b/rev/02/10.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # The devil is about to throw some of you into prison -"The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison" +The words "the Devil" here are a metonym for the people who obey the devil. AT: "The devil will soon cause others to put some of you in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # Be faithful until death diff --git a/rev/02/11.md b/rev/02/11.md index d7d62b1b7..c3a1b8da3 100644 --- a/rev/02/11.md +++ b/rev/02/11.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Let the one who has an ear +# Let the one who has an ear, hear -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how these words are translated in [Revelation 2:7](./07.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # The one who conquers diff --git a/rev/02/12.md b/rev/02/12.md index d9e468237..d91ed0197 100644 --- a/rev/02/12.md +++ b/rev/02/12.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Pergamum. +# the angel + +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) + # Pergamum This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rev/02/17.md b/rev/02/17.md index ba4183e63..95329bba7 100644 --- a/rev/02/17.md +++ b/rev/02/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Let the one who has an ear listen -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how these words are translated in [Revelation 2:7](./07.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # To the one who conquers diff --git a/rev/02/18.md b/rev/02/18.md index ba8f14df9..244cf2bb8 100644 --- a/rev/02/18.md +++ b/rev/02/18.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Thyatira. +# the angel + +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) + # Thyatira This is the name of a city in a part of western Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rev/02/29.md b/rev/02/29.md index 8d7b9b5c3..3b878a986 100644 --- a/rev/02/29.md +++ b/rev/02/29.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Let the one who has an ear listen +# Let the one who has an ear, hear -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](./07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how these words are translated in [Revelation 2:7](./07.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rev/02/intro.md b/rev/02/intro.md index 7e24709a6..cece6e5cc 100644 --- a/rev/02/intro.md +++ b/rev/02/intro.md @@ -2,37 +2,39 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Chapters 2 and 3 together form a single unit. This section is usually referred to as the "seven letters to the seven churches." The translator may wish to set these letters apart from each other to clearly distinguish them. +Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the "seven letters to the seven churches." You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters. -Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted material in 2:27. +Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULB does this with the quoted words of verse 27. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Poverty and wealth ##### -This chapter has a play on the two possible meanings of being poor and rich. The Ephesians were poor financially because they did not have a lot of money. They were not poor spiritually because of the great "riches" they had in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) + +The Christians in Smyrna were poor because they did not have much money. But they were rich spiritually because God would reward them for their suffering. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]]) ##### "The devil is about to" ##### -The book of Revelation is about the things that Satan is going to do on earth. Despite this, it is ultimately about what God will do in the end to defeat Satan. -##### Balaam, Balak and Jezebel ##### -These teachings of Balaam are difficult to fully understand if the books of Kings have not yet been translated. This is probably a reference to leading the people of Israel into immorality and the worship of false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) +People were about to take some of the Christians in Smyrna and throw them into prison and even kill some of them ([Revelation 2:10](./10.md)). John does not say who these people were. But he does speak of them harming the Christians as if Satan himself were harming them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + +##### Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel ##### + +Balaam, Balak, and Jezebel were people who lived long before Jesus was born. They all tried to harm the Israelites either by cursing them or by making them want to stop obeying God. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Metaphor ##### -Some scholars take chapter 2 and 3 as a metaphor. They understand these churches to refer to types of churches or historical periods of the church. It is best to translate this as instructions to ancient churches in each of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +##### "Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches" ##### -##### "If you have an ear, listen to what the Spirit says to the churches." ##### -This is a phrase which acts as a call to repentance for those in the church. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]]) +The writer knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### +##### "The angel of the church" ##### -The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." It is possible this is a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. +The word "angel" here can also mean "messenger." This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md). -##### "These are the words of the one" ##### -This phrase, used to introduce these letters is probably a reference to Jesus. Each letter then describes an aspect of Jesus which is significant for the rest of the letter. +##### "The words of the one who" ##### + +The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add "These are" to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3. ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/03/01.md b/rev/03/01.md index c033ef8f6..697ae5de7 100644 --- a/rev/03/01.md +++ b/rev/03/01.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Sardis. +# the angel + +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md). + # Sardis This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rev/03/06.md b/rev/03/06.md index c2da8cb0d..7e2958457 100644 --- a/rev/03/06.md +++ b/rev/03/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Let the one who has an ear listen +# Let the one who has an ear, hear -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. See how these words are translated in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rev/03/07.md b/rev/03/07.md index 4f2b8992b..3ae565940 100644 --- a/rev/03/07.md +++ b/rev/03/07.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Philadelphia. +# the angel + +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) + # Philadelphia This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rev/03/12.md b/rev/03/12.md index a6c815fa1..e5a7cfe9d 100644 --- a/rev/03/12.md +++ b/rev/03/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# The one who conquers, I will make like a pillar in the temple of my God +# The one who conquers, I will make a pillar in the temple of my God Here "The one who conquers" refers to anyone who conquers. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). The "pillar" represents an important and permanent part of God's kingdom. AT: "I will make anyone who resists evil strong, like a pillar in the temple of my God" or "Those who do not agree to do evil I will make strong, like a pillar in the temple of my God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/rev/03/13.md b/rev/03/13.md index 50ab3a0f6..7e2958457 100644 --- a/rev/03/13.md +++ b/rev/03/13.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Let the one who has an ear +# Let the one who has an ear, hear -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. See how these words are translated in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rev/03/14.md b/rev/03/14.md index cc5c2f303..df7f80975 100644 --- a/rev/03/14.md +++ b/rev/03/14.md @@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ This is the beginning of the Son of Man's message to the angel of the church in Laodicea. +# the angel + +Possible meanings are that this "angel" is 1) a heavenly angels who protect this church or 2) a human messenger to the church, either a messenger who went from John to the church or the leader of the churches. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/20.md) + # Laodicea This is the name of a city in the western part of Asia that today is modern Turkey. See how you translated this in [Revelation 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/rev/03/22.md b/rev/03/22.md index c2da8cb0d..49fc3c0a3 100644 --- a/rev/03/22.md +++ b/rev/03/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Let the one who has an ear listen -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated this in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. See how these words are translated in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rev/03/intro.md b/rev/03/intro.md index f37ccbf61..55ef39d7d 100644 --- a/rev/03/intro.md +++ b/rev/03/intro.md @@ -2,33 +2,39 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Chapters 2 and 3 form a single unit. This section is usually referred to as the "seven letters to the seven churches." The translator may wish to set these letters apart from each other to clearly distinguish them from each other. +Chapters 2 and 3 together are usually called the "seven letters to the seven churches." You may wish to set each letter apart. The reader can then easily see that they are separate letters. -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 3:7. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verse 7. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Seven spirits of God ##### -The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. It is possibly a reference to the Holy Spirit with the number seven symbolizing "completeness." It may also be a reference to the seven spirits surrounding the throne of God. It should be unnecessary to specifically define it in translation. + +These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). ##### Seven stars ##### -These are probably a reference to the leaders of the churches. (See: [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md)) -#### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### +These stars are the seven stars of [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md). -##### Metaphor ##### -Some scholars take chapter 2 and 3 as a metaphor. They understand these churches to refer to types of churches or historical periods of the church. It is best to translate this as instructions to ancient churches in each of these cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +#### Important metaphors in this chapter #### -The phrase "Look, I stand at the door and knock" is another extended metaphor describing Jesus' readiness and willingness to accept anyone who repents and believes in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]]) +##### Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking ##### -##### "If you have an ear, listen to what the Spirit says to the churches." ##### -This is a phrase which acts as a call to repentance for those in the church. +Jesus speaks of his desire to have the Christians in Laodicea obey him as if he were a man asking people in a house to allow him to enter and eat with them ([Revelation 3:20](./19.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + +##### "Let the one who has an ear, hear what the Spirit is saying to the churches" ##### + +The speaker knew that almost all of his readers had physical ears. The ear here is a metonym for hearing what God says and desiring to obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### "The angels of the seven churches" ##### +##### "The angel of the church" ##### -The Greek word translated as "angels" can also be translated as "messengers." This is possibly a reference to the messengers or leaders of these seven churches. +The word "angel" here can also mean "messenger." This might refer to the messenger or leader of the church. See how you translated "angel" in [Revelation 1:20](../01/19.md). + +##### "The words of the one who" ##### + +The verses with these words can be difficult to translate. They do not make complete sentences. You may need to add "These are" to the beginning of these verses. Also, Jesus used these words to speak of himself as if he were speaking of another person. Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking of other people. Jesus began speaking in [Revelation 1:17](../01/17.md). He continues to speak through the end of Chapter 3. ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/04/03.md b/rev/04/03.md index 45fc41c1c..b596444c1 100644 --- a/rev/04/03.md +++ b/rev/04/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # jasper and carnelian -valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) +These are valuable stones. Jasper may have been clear like glass or crystal, and carnelian may have been red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) # emerald diff --git a/rev/04/intro.md b/rev/04/intro.md index 1f03af561..3ce1adb98 100644 --- a/rev/04/intro.md +++ b/rev/04/intro.md @@ -2,24 +2,35 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:8, 11. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verses 8 and 11. -This chapter begins the remainder of the book of Revelation and it is markedly different than the first three chapters. It now describes an unfolding image John sees in his vision. +John has finished describing the letters to the churches. He now begins to describe a vision that God showed him. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Glory ##### -The whole of this chapter is an image describing a scene in heaven where everything constantly gives glory to God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) +##### Jasper, carnelian, and emerald ##### + +These words refer to kinds of special stones that the people in John's day considered valuable. It may be difficult for you to translate these words if people in your culture do not value special kinds of stones. + +##### Twenty-four elders ##### + +Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +##### Seven spirits of God ##### + +These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). + +##### Giving glory to God ##### + +God's glory is the great beauty and radiant majesty that God has because he is God. Other Bible writers describe it as if it were a light so bright that no one can look at it. No one can give God this kind of glory, because it is already his. When people give glory to God or when God receives glory, people say that God has the glory that is his, that it is right for God to have that glory, and that people should worship God because he has that glory. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worthy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Simile ##### -The description of the person sitting on the throne contains many similes. Many cultures do not have these specific gem stones and it is possible that these have symbolic significance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) - #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### Difficult images ##### -There are many images that may appear difficult or impossible. For example, bolts of lighting coming from the throne, lamps that are the seven spirits of God or a sea in front of the throne. It is best to allow these difficulties to remain in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +Such things as bolts of lightning coming from the throne, lamps that are spirits, and a sea in front of the throne may be difficult to imagine, and so the words for them may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/05/intro.md b/rev/05/intro.md index 6082e1f3e..1e5c75de5 100644 --- a/rev/05/intro.md +++ b/rev/05/intro.md @@ -2,27 +2,31 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 4:8, 11. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this in verses 9-13. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Sealed scroll ##### -A sealed scroll contains a written message hidden and waiting to be read. The scroll can only be read by the person with the authority to open it. + +Kings and important people in John's time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, "the one who was seated on the throne" had written the scroll. Only the person called "the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David" and "the Lamb" had the authority to open it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/scroll]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/authority]]) ##### Twenty-four elders ##### -This is probably a reference to church leaders, but the identity of the twenty-four elders is uncertain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) + +Elders are church leaders. Twenty-four elders may be symbolic of the whole church through the ages. There were twelve tribes in Old Testament Israel and twelve apostles in the New Testament church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) ##### Christian prayers ##### -The prayers of Christians are connected with incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray. + +The prayers of Christians are described as incense. Christian prayers have a good smell to God. He is pleased when Christians pray. ##### Seven spirits of God ##### -The exact meaning of this phrase is unclear. It is possibly a symbolic reference to the Holy Spirit with the number seven symbolizing "completeness." It may also not be symbolic, and reference seven spirits surrounding the throne of God. +These spirits are the seven spirits of [Revelation 1:4](../01/04.md). #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Metaphor ##### -The "Lion of the tribe of Judah" and the "Root of David" are references to Jesus. They are metaphors and they function as titles for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +##### Metaphors ##### + +The "Lion of the tribe of Judah" and the "Root of David" are metaphors that refer to Jesus. Jesus descended from the tribe of Judah and the family of David. Lions are fierce, and all animals and people are afraid of them, so they are a metaphor for a king whom everyone obeys. The words "Root of David" speak of Israel's King David as if he were a seed that God had planted and of Jesus as if he were a root growing from that seed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/06/intro.md b/rev/06/intro.md index 6211c319c..fb0c720cf 100644 --- a/rev/06/intro.md +++ b/rev/06/intro.md @@ -2,23 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -The image of the wrath of God in this chapter is intended to produce fear in those who hear these words. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]]) +The author describes what happened after the Lamb opens each of the first six seals. The Lamb does not open the seventh seal until Chapter 8. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Seven Seals ##### -There is disagreement over how these seals are attached to the scroll. It would be logical if they were all side-by-side but the scroll would only have revealed its contents after the last seal is broken. This is not how this chapter describes the scroll because each seal reveals a judgment. It is also commonly believed that the absent seventh seal uncovers the seven trumpet judgments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +Kings and important people in John's time wrote important documents on large pieces of paper or animal skin. They then rolled them up and sealed them with wax so they would stay closed. Only the person to whom the document was written had the authority to open it by breaking the seal. In this chapter, the Lamb opens the seals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) -##### Price Increases ##### -The prices of some things people will suddenly increase. People will not be able to afford the things they need to live. This is usually called "inflation." +##### The Four Horsemen ##### +As the Lamb opens each of the first four seals, the author describes horsemen riding different colored horses. The colors of the horses seem to symbolize how the rider will affect the earth. #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### The Lamb ##### -This is a reference to Jesus. In this chapter, it also functions as a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to Jesus. In this chapter, it is also a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lamb]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Similes ##### -The author uses many different similes. This is because he is attempting to describe the image he sees in the vision. Therefore, he compares the images in this vision to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +In verses 12-14, the author uses several similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/07/07.md b/rev/07/07.md index a58d112ad..2de209d59 100644 --- a/rev/07/07.md +++ b/rev/07/07.md @@ -1,4 +1,10 @@ # Connecting Statement: This continues the list of the people of Israel who were sealed. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/simeon]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/levite]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/issachar]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/zebulun]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/josephot]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/benjamin]] diff --git a/rev/07/09.md b/rev/07/09.md index 725565562..08d842313 100644 --- a/rev/07/09.md +++ b/rev/07/09.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This is a different group of people than the 144,000 people who become marked with seals. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal. +John begins to describe a second vision about a multitude praising God. This vision also takes place after the Lamb opens the sixth seal and before he opens the seventh seal. # a huge multitude diff --git a/rev/07/15.md b/rev/07/15.md index 8f15f5e85..dc7f9b96e 100644 --- a/rev/07/15.md +++ b/rev/07/15.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The elder continues to speak to John. # they ... them ... their -All of these refer to those people who have come through the Great Tribulation. +All of these refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation. # day and night diff --git a/rev/07/17.md b/rev/07/17.md index 0f7962d98..a73211278 100644 --- a/rev/07/17.md +++ b/rev/07/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # they ... them ... their -All of these refer to those people who have come through the Great Tribulation. +All of these refer to those people who have come through the great tribulation. # the Lamb at the center of the throne diff --git a/rev/07/intro.md b/rev/07/intro.md index 5e84e9bc8..ce99c4131 100644 --- a/rev/07/intro.md +++ b/rev/07/intro.md @@ -2,22 +2,23 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Many scholars believe the first half of this chapter is about a great revival among the Israelites, in which 144,000 people will come to believe in Jesus. The second half of this chapter tells about a great revival among the Gentiles, in which countless Gentiles will come to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +Scholars have interpreted parts of this chapter in many different ways. Translators do not need to fully understand what this chapter means to accurately translate its contents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 7:5-8, 15-17. +It is important to accurately translate the large numbers in this chapter. The number 144,000 is twelve times twelve thousand. + +Translators should be aware that the tribes of the people of Israel are not listed in this chapter the same as they are generally listed in the Old Testament. + +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with verses 5-8 and 15-17. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Worship ##### -The people in this chapter respond to these events with repentance and worship. This is the proper response to the information contained in this book. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]]) - -##### The Great Tribulation ##### -This is a period when the people of the earth will be greatly punished by God. There is some disagreement about this period but many scholars believe it is a reference to the last half of the seven years of tribulation prophesied in Revelation 4-19 and in the rest of Scripture. +God saves his people and keeps them through times of trouble. His people respond by worshipping him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### The Lamb ##### -This is a reference to Jesus. In this chapter, it also functions as a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +This refers to Jesus. In this chapter, it is also a title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/08/intro.md b/rev/08/intro.md index c446797f2..e051b5772 100644 --- a/rev/08/intro.md +++ b/rev/08/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Seven seals ##### -There is disagreement over how these seals are attached to the scroll. It would be logical if they were all side by side, but the scroll would only have revealed its contents after the last seal is broken. This is not how this chapter describes the scroll because each seal reveals a judgment. It is also commonly held that the absent seventh seal uncovers the seven trumpet judgments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +##### Seven seals and seven trumpets ##### +This chapter begins to show what happens when the Lamb opens the seventh seal. God uses the prayers of all believers to cause dramatic things to happen on earth. John then describes what happens when angels sound the first four of seven trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Passive voice ##### -The passive voice is frequently used in this chapter to hide the identity of the subject performing the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator's language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +John uses the passive voice several times in this chapter. This hides who performs the action. This will be difficult to convey if the translator's language does not have a passive voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ##### Similes ##### -The author uses many different similes. This is because he is attempting to describe the image he sees in the vision. Therefore, he compares the images in this vision to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +In verses 8 and 10, John uses similes to try to describe the images he sees in the vision. He compares the images to everyday things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/09/intro.md b/rev/09/intro.md index 36860f99a..6df0c5bb8 100644 --- a/rev/09/intro.md +++ b/rev/09/intro.md @@ -2,38 +2,30 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter continues the seven trumpet judgments. This chapter and the previous one form a single unit. +In this chapter, John continues to describe what happens when angels sound seven trumpets. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting) ##### Woe ##### -There are several specific "woes" mentioned in the book of Revelation. This chapter contains the first of these woes. It is possible that these have some structural significance or importance to the chronology of the events of Revelation. +John describes several "woes" in the Book of Revelation. This chapter begins to describe three "woes" announced at the end of Chapter 8. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Animal imagery ##### -Animal imagery is common in this book, as well as very common in this chapter. The people of the ancient Near East probably viewed these animals as having some "trait" that typified the animal. For example, a lion is often seen as powerful. The translator should not try to determine the meaning of each of these images. +This chapter includes several animals: locusts, scorpions, horses, lions, and snakes. Animals convey different qualities or traits. For example, a lion is powerful and dangerous. Translators should use the same animals in their translation if possible. If the animal is unknown, one with similar qualities or traits should be used. ##### Bottomless pit ##### -This is a common image in the book of Revelation that portrays hell. It emphasizes that hell is inescapable. It is described as being down, in opposition to heaven which is considered up. This emphasizes that neither is on earth. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) +This image is seen several times in the Book of Revelation. It is a picture of hell as being inescapable and the opposite direction as heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/hell]]) ##### Abaddon and Apollyon ##### -"Abaddon" here is a Hebrew word, and "Apollyon" is a Greek word. Both words mean "Destroyer." John transliterated the sounds of the Hebrew word by writing them with Greek letters. The translators of the ULB and the UDB transliterated the sounds of both words by writing them with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. Since the original Greek readers would have understood the meaning of "Apollyon," translators may also supply the meaning in the text or in a footnote. +"Abaddon" is a Hebrew word. "Apollyon" is a Greek word. Both words mean "Destroyer." John used the sounds of the Hebrew word and wrote them with Greek letters. The ULB and UDB write the sounds of both words with English letters. Translators are encouraged to transliterate these words using the letters of the target language. The original Greek readers would have understood "Apollyon" to mean "Destroyer." So translators may also supply what it means in the text or in a footnote. ##### Repentance ##### -This chapter mentions the theme of repentance. Despite these great miracles, the people are said to avoid repentance and remain in their sin. One should not lose sight of this theme when reading the book of Revelation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Despite great signs, people are described as not repenting and so remain in their sin. People refusing to repent are also mentioned in Chapter 16. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### Symbol ##### -Satan is often described as a fallen angel. Since stars are symbols for angels in the book of Revelation, the phrase "a star from heaven that had fallen" probably symbolizes Satan. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) - ##### Simile ##### -There are many similes in this chapter. Their purpose is to describe the complex images that John sees in his vision. Therefore, they serve more of a practical rather than poetic function. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### "The people who did not have the seal of God" ##### -It is best to leave the meaning of this phrase unclear in translation, if possible. Many scholars believe the seal to be a mark made to distinguish believers from unbelievers in this time of tribulation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +John uses many similes in this chapter. They help to describe the complex images that he sees in his vision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/10/01.md b/rev/10/01.md index 3933480c5..fb8c37740 100644 --- a/rev/10/01.md +++ b/rev/10/01.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ John compares the brightness of his face with the brightness of the sun. AT: "Hi # his feet were like pillars of fire -The word "feet" refers to the legs. AT: "his legs were like pillars of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +The word "feet" here refers to the legs. AT: "his legs were like pillars of fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rev/10/intro.md b/rev/10/intro.md index 3bcb71caf..3b1af2458 100644 --- a/rev/10/intro.md +++ b/rev/10/intro.md @@ -3,23 +3,15 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Seven thunders ##### -It is unclear what is meant by the seven thunders. It is perfectly acceptable for the translator to not understand this phrase and translate it as "seven thunders." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +John here describes the seven thunders as making sounds that he could understand as words. However, translators should use their normal word for "thunder" when translating these verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) ##### "The mystery of God" ##### -It is uncertain what this references. It is not the "mystery" that Paul describes, namely the church. It probably does share the meaning of being something that is currently hidden or unknown, which will be revealed at this time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) +This refers to some aspect of the hidden plan of God. It is not necessary to know what this mystery is to translate it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### -##### "Coming down from heaven" ##### -Heaven is frequently said to be "up." The reason for this is to emphasize that heaven is not located on the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - ##### Simile ##### -There are many different similes used to describe the mighty angel. The similes are used to try to describe what John sees by relating it to everyday things. The rainbow and cloud, however, should be understood as literal, since they are not part of any simile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - -#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### - -##### Scrolls ##### -The scroll mentioned in this chapter is different from the scrolls which have been the subject of much of the book of Revelation to this point. It is called the "little scroll" here. The translator should ensure the reader is aware that there is more than one scroll. +John uses similes to help him describe the face, legs, and voice of the mighty angel. Translators should understand other objects in this chapter, such as the rainbow and the cloud, with their normal meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/13/09.md b/rev/13/09.md index 57daa762b..cf64209d7 100644 --- a/rev/13/09.md +++ b/rev/13/09.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ These verses are a break from John's account of his vision. Here he give a warning to the people reading his account. -# If anyone has an ear +# If anyone has an ear, let him listen -Being willing to listen is spoken of as having an ear. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Revelation 2:7](../02/07.md). AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "If you are willing, listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Jesus is emphasizing that what he has just said is important. You may need to use the second person. The word "ear" here is a metonym for either 1) the ability to hear his message. AT: "Let everyone who can hear what I am saying listen carefully" or "Since you can hear what I am saying, listen carefully" or 2) the desire to listen and obey. AT: "Let the one who is willing to listen, listen" or "Since you are willing to listen, listen" See how similar words are translated in [Revelation 2:76](../02/76.md). (See [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/rev/13/intro.md b/rev/13/intro.md index bb8c3dd1b..94c745f07 100644 --- a/rev/13/intro.md +++ b/rev/13/intro.md @@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:10, which are words from the OT. +Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULB does this with the poetry in 13:10, which are words from the Old Testament. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### A lethal wound ##### -Many scholars believe this is a prophecy about the death of the antichrist. They believe the antichrist will mimic or counterfeit the resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) +Many scholars believe this is a prophecy about the death of the antichrist. They believe the antichrist will mimic or counterfeit the resurrection of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/antichrist]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### The beast ##### -Many scholar believe this is a metaphorical way to refer to the antichrist. This is very significant for proper understanding of this passage. This is used in contrast to the lamb, which is a reference to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +Many scholar believe this is a metaphorical way to refer to the antichrist. This is very significant for proper understanding of this passage. This is used in contrast to the lamb, which is a reference to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) ##### Another beast ##### Many scholars believe this second beast is a prophet or priest of the antichrist. He is capable of performing many wondrous miracles and gets many people to worship the antichrist. diff --git a/rev/14/intro.md b/rev/14/intro.md index 58dd6c726..7f9366ec2 100644 --- a/rev/14/intro.md +++ b/rev/14/intro.md @@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ John has spent some time discussing the mark given by the beast. Many scholars b #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Harvest ##### -This is a common image used in scripture. The harvest illustrates a time when good things come to fruition. It is commonly used to refer to people coming to faith in Jesus, but this is not how John uses it here. It is used to describe the culmination of God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) + +Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/17/intro.md b/rev/17/intro.md index 491c6be1b..7a9070f21 100644 --- a/rev/17/intro.md +++ b/rev/17/intro.md @@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ John uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He gives some explanation of ##### "The beast you saw existed, does not exist now, but is about to come up " ##### This phrase is intended to contrast the statement that Jesus "was and is and is to come" used elsewhere in Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -##### The use of paradox ##### +##### Paradox ##### -A paradox is a seemingly absurd statement, which appears to contradict itself, but it is not absurd. This sentences in 17:11 is a paradox: "the beast ... is itself also an eighth king; but it is one of those seven kings." The translator should not attempt to resolve this paradox, and it should remain a mystery. ([Revelation 17:11](./20.md)) +A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. This sentences in 17:11 is a paradox: "the beast ... is itself also an eighth king; but it is one of those seven kings." The translator should not attempt to resolve this paradox, and it should remain a mystery. ([Revelation 17:11](./20.md)) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rev/18/intro.md b/rev/18/intro.md index 12ce6be07..2e07a5d22 100644 --- a/rev/18/intro.md +++ b/rev/18/intro.md @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Prophecy ##### -The angel gives a prophecy about the fall of Babylon. It is spoken of as having already happened even though it had not yet happened. This was common in prophecy and emphasizes the inevitability of the coming judgment. It is also prophesied that the people will lament over the fall of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) +The angel gives a prophecy about the fall of Babylon. It is spoken of as having already happened even though it had not yet happened. This was common in prophecy and emphasizes the inevitability of the coming judgment. It is also prophesied that the people will lament over the fall of Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-apocalypticwriting]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/rev/20/intro.md b/rev/20/intro.md index 68e437c27..b44d7765f 100644 --- a/rev/20/intro.md +++ b/rev/20/intro.md @@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ This chapter is about a period of time often referred to as the "millennial king Jesus is said to reign for a thousand years. and all the prophecies in Scripture about worldwide peace will be fulfilled. Scholars are divided over whether this is an actual period of time or if it is an allegory for Christ beginning to reign in people's hearts. It is best to translate this as if Christ is physically reigning on earth for a thousand years and not attempt to input potential symbolism into the text. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) ##### Final rebellion ##### -This chapter describes the period of time after Jesus' reign known as the final rebellion. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God's ultimate and final victory over sin and evil before eternity begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) +This chapter describes the period of time after Jesus' reign known as the final rebellion. During this time, Satan and many people will attempt to rebel against Jesus. This will result in God's ultimate and final victory over sin and evil before eternity begins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) ##### Great white throne ##### -This is an important judgment in heaven after the final rebellion. During this judgment, people who have faith in God are separated from those who reject him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +This is an important judgment in heaven after the final rebellion. During this judgment, people who have faith in God are separated from those who reject him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/rev/21/intro.md b/rev/21/intro.md index da55bb31d..2c45030f4 100644 --- a/rev/21/intro.md +++ b/rev/21/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ This chapter gives a detailed description of the new Jerusalem. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Second death ##### -Death is a type of separation. The first death is a physical death, the separation of the soul from the body. The second death is the eternal separation from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/soul]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) +Death is a type of separation. The first death is a physical death, the separation of the soul from the body. The second death is the eternal separation from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/soul]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]]) #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### diff --git a/rev/front/intro.md b/rev/front/intro.md index dc0f561be..03d21c706 100644 --- a/rev/front/intro.md +++ b/rev/front/intro.md @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ One does not need to understand all of the symbols in the Book of Revelation to #### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Revelation in the ULB? #### -The scriptures use these words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating REvelation into English, the ULB uses the following principles: +The scriptures use these words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating Revelation into English, the ULB uses the following principles: * The meaning in two passages indicates moral holiness. Here, the ULB uses "holy." (See: 14:12; 22:11) * Usually the meaning in Revelation indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULB uses "believer" or "believers." (See: 5:8; 8:3, 4; 11:18; 13:7; 16:6; 17:6; 18:20, 24; 19:8; 20:9) * Sometimes the meaning implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULB uses "sanctify," "set apart," "dedicated to," or "reserved for." @@ -65,16 +65,16 @@ John referred to various periods of time in Revelation. For example, there are m #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Revelation? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Revelation: +For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading. -* "'I am the alpha and the omega,' says the Lord God, 'the one who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty'" (1:8). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some versions add the phrase "the Beginning and the End." -* "the elders prostrated themselves and worshiped" (5:14). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, "the twenty-four elders prostrated themselves and worshiped the one who lives forever and ever." -* "so that a third of it [the earth] was burned up" (8:7). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older versions do not include this phrase. -* Some manuscripts add the phrase "and who is to come" (11:17). But the ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not. -* Some manuscripts add the phrase "before the throne of God" (14:5). But the ULB, UDB, and most modern versions do not. -* "the one who is and who was, the Holy One" (16:5). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older manuscripts read, "O Lord, the One who is and who was and who is to be." -* "The nations will walk by the light of that city" (21:24). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older manuscripts read, "The nations that are saved will walk by the light of that city." -* "Blessed are those who wash their robes" (22:14). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older manuscripts read "Blessed are those who do his commandments." -* "God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city" (22:19). The ULB, UDB, and most modern versions read this way. Some older manuscripts read, "God will take away his share in the book of life and in the holy city." +* "'I am the alpha and the omega,' says the Lord God, 'the one who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty'" (1:8). Some versions add the phrase "the Beginning and the End." +* "the elders prostrated themselves and worshiped" (5:14). Some older versions read, "the twenty-four elders prostrated themselves and worshiped the one who lives forever and ever." +* "so that a third of it [the earth] was burned up" (8:7). Some older versions do not include this phrase. +* "the one who is and who was" (11:17). Some versions add the phrase "and who is to come." +* "they are blameless" (14:5). Some versions add the phrase "before the throne of God" (14:5). +* "the one who is and who was, the Holy One" (16:5). Some older versions read, "O Lord, the One who is and who was and who is to be." +* "The nations will walk by the light of that city" (21:24). Some older versions read, "The nations that are saved will walk by the light of that city." +* "Blessed are those who wash their robes" (22:14). Some older versions read "Blessed are those who do his commandments." +* "God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city" (22:19). Some older versions read, "God will take away his share in the book of life and in the holy city." -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/rev/span.md b/rev/span.md index fbb298c0e..9d4f1558c 100644 --- a/rev/span.md +++ b/rev/span.md @@ -1,42 +1,42 @@ -Old version of [rev\01\04.md](../../v11/rev/01/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../rev/01/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../rev/01/05.md) +Old version of [zep\01\04.md](../../v11/zep/01/04.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/01/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/01/05.md) -Old version of [rev\06\09.md](../../v11/rev/06/09.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../rev/06/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../rev/06/11.md) +Old version of [zep\06\09.md](../../v11/zep/06/09.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/06/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/06/11.md) -Old version of [rev\07\15.md](../../v11/rev/07/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../rev/07/15.md) -* [Verse: 17](../rev/07/17.md) +Old version of [zep\07\15.md](../../v11/zep/07/15.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/07/15.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/07/17.md) -Old version of [rev\07\15.md](../../v11/rev/07/15.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../rev/07/15.md) -* [Verse: 17](../rev/07/17.md) +Old version of [zep\07\15.md](../../v11/zep/07/15.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/07/15.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/07/17.md) -Old version of [rev\09\13.md](../../v11/rev/09/13.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 14](../rev/09/14.md) -* [Verse: 15](../rev/09/15.md) +Old version of [zep\09\13.md](../../v11/zep/09/13.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 14](../zep/09/14.md) +* [Verse: 15](../zep/09/15.md) -Old version of [rev\14\19.md](../../v11/rev/14/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../rev/14/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../rev/14/20.md) +Old version of [zep\14\19.md](../../v11/zep/14/19.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/14/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/14/20.md) -Old version of [rev\16\10.md](../../v11/rev/16/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../rev/16/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../rev/16/11.md) +Old version of [zep\16\10.md](../../v11/zep/16/10.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/16/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/16/11.md) -Old version of [rev\21\18.md](../../v11/rev/21/18.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../rev/21/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../rev/21/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../rev/21/20.md) +Old version of [zep\21\18.md](../../v11/zep/21/18.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/21/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/21/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/21/20.md) -Old version of [rev\21\18.md](../../v11/rev/21/18.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 19](../rev/21/19.md) -* [Verse: 20](../rev/21/20.md) +Old version of [zep\21\18.md](../../v11/zep/21/18.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 19](../zep/21/19.md) +* [Verse: 20](../zep/21/20.md) -Old version of [rev\22\18.md](../../v11/rev/22/18.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../rev/22/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../rev/22/19.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\22\18.md](../../v11/zep/22/18.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/22/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/22/19.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/01/intro.md b/rom/01/intro.md index 293f19144..0ffe9703f 100644 --- a/rom/01/intro.md +++ b/rom/01/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The first verse is a type of introduction. People in the ancient Mediterranean r This chapter refers to the contents of the Book of Romans as "the gospel" ([Romans 1:2](./01.md)). Romans is not a gospel like Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Instead, chapters 1-8 present the biblical gospel: All have sinned. Jesus died for our sins. He was raised again that we might have new life in him. ##### Fruit ##### -This chapter uses the imagery of fruit. The image of fruit usually refers to a person's faith producing good works in their life. In this chapter, it refers to the results of Paul's work among the Roman Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) +This chapter uses the imagery of fruit. The image of fruit usually refers to a person's faith producing good works in their life. In this chapter, it refers to the results of Paul's work among the Roman Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) ##### Universal Condemnation and the Wrath of God ##### This chapter explains that everyone is without excuse. We all know about the true God, Yahweh, from his creation all around us. Because of our sin and our sinful nature, every person justly deserves the wrath of God. This wrath was satisfied by Jesus dying on a cross for those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) diff --git a/rom/02/intro.md b/rom/02/intro.md index edb60e465..9dcae0616 100644 --- a/rom/02/intro.md +++ b/rom/02/intro.md @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Those who try to obey the law will not be justified by trying to obey it. Those #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### Hypothetical Situation ##### In context, "he will give eternal life" in verse 7 is a hypothetical statement. If a person could live a perfect life, they would earn eternal life as a reward. But only Jesus was able to live a perfect life. diff --git a/rom/04/intro.md b/rom/04/intro.md index 0042269ee..c5ec42a58 100644 --- a/rom/04/intro.md +++ b/rom/04/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### The purpose of the law of Moses ##### -Paul builds upon material from chapter 3. He explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Even Abraham could not be justified by what he did. Obeying the law of Moses does not make a person right with God. Obeying God's commands is a way a person shows they believe in God. People have always been justified only by faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) +Paul builds upon material from chapter 3. He explains how Abraham, the father of Israel, was justified. Even Abraham could not be justified by what he did. Obeying the law of Moses does not make a person right with God. Obeying God's commands is a way a person shows they believe in God. People have always been justified only by faith. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) ##### Circumcision ##### Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descendant of Abraham. It was also a sign of the covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. However, no person was justified only by being circumcised. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Circumcision was important to the Israelites. It identified a person as a descen #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rom/05/intro.md b/rom/05/intro.md index bf018cd73..69566fa34 100644 --- a/rom/05/intro.md +++ b/rom/05/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Many scholars view verses 12-17 as some of the most important, but difficult, ve How Paul explains the results of our being justified is an important part of this chapter. These results include having peace with God, having access to God, being confident about our future, being able to rejoice when suffering, being eternally saved, and being reconciled with God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) ##### "All sinned" ##### -Scholars are divided over what Paul meant in verse 12: "And death spread to all people, because all sinned." Some believe that all of mankind was present in the "seed of Adam." So, as Adam is the father of all mankind, all of mankind was present when Adam sinned. Others believe that Adam served as a representative head for mankind. So when he sinned, all of mankind "fell" as a result. Whether people today played an active or passive role in Adam's original sin is one way these views differ. Other passages will help one decide. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seed]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Scholars are divided over what Paul meant in verse 12: "And death spread to all people, because all sinned." Some believe that all of mankind was present in the "seed of Adam." So, as Adam is the father of all mankind, all of mankind was present when Adam sinned. Others believe that Adam served as a representative head for mankind. So when he sinned, all of mankind "fell" as a result. Whether people today played an active or passive role in Adam's original sin is one way these views differ. Other passages will help one decide. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/seed]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) ##### The second Adam ##### Adam was the first man and the first "son" of God. He was created by God. He brought sin and death into the world by eating the forbidden fruit. Paul describes Jesus as the "second Adam" in this chapter and the true son of God. He brings life and overcame sin and death by dying on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]]) diff --git a/rom/06/intro.md b/rom/06/intro.md index b2753b696..619c74595 100644 --- a/rom/06/intro.md +++ b/rom/06/intro.md @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This chapter uses the imagery of fruit. The image of fruit usually refers to a p #### Important figures of speech in this chapter #### ##### Rhetorical Questions ##### -Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) +Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. It appears the intent of these rhetorical questions is to make the reader see their sin so they will trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### diff --git a/rom/08/intro.md b/rom/08/intro.md index d2d16544e..cfe08cd46 100644 --- a/rom/08/intro.md +++ b/rom/08/intro.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Paul poetically presents his teaching in verses 38 and 39 in the form of an exte #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### No condemnation ##### -This phrase must be translated carefully to avoid doctrinal confusion. People are still guilty of their sin. God disapproves of acting sinfully, even after believing in Jesus. God still punishes the sins of believers, but Jesus has paid the punishment for their sin. This is what Paul expresses here. The word "condemn" has several possible meanings. Here Paul emphasizes that people who believe in Jesus are no longer punished eternally for their sin by being "condemned to hell." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) +This phrase must be translated carefully to avoid doctrinal confusion. People are still guilty of their sin. God disapproves of acting sinfully, even after believing in Jesus. God still punishes the sins of believers, but Jesus has paid the punishment for their sin. This is what Paul expresses here. The word "condemn" has several possible meanings. Here Paul emphasizes that people who believe in Jesus are no longer punished eternally for their sin by being "condemned to hell." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]]) ##### Flesh ##### diff --git a/rom/09/intro.md b/rom/09/intro.md index a8e228c73..eff084e2c 100644 --- a/rom/09/intro.md +++ b/rom/09/intro.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ In other chapters, Paul uses the word "brother" to mean fellow Christians. Howev Paul refers to those who believe in Jesus as "children of God" and "children of the promise." ##### Predestination ##### -Many scholars believe Paul in this chapter teaches extensively on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some to be eternally saved. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter, especially with regards to elements of causation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) +Many scholars believe Paul in this chapter teaches extensively on a subject known as "predestination." This is related to the biblical concept of "predestine." Some take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter, especially with regards to elements of causation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]) ##### Important figures of speech in this chapter ##### diff --git a/rom/10/16.md b/rom/10/16.md index 398c597ec..7e39b2795 100644 --- a/rom/10/16.md +++ b/rom/10/16.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# But they did not all listen +# not all of them obeyed -Here "they" refers to the Jews. "But not all Jews listened" +Here "they" refers to the Jews. "not all of the Jews obeyed" # Lord, who has believed our message? diff --git a/rom/10/intro.md b/rom/10/intro.md index 078763b5d..f4748cc82 100644 --- a/rom/10/intro.md +++ b/rom/10/intro.md @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He does this to convince hi ##### "I will provoke you to jealousy by what is not a nation" ##### -Paul uses this prophecy to explain that God will use the church to make the Hebrew people jealous. This is so they will seek God and believe the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Paul uses this prophecy to explain that God will use the church to make the Hebrew people jealous. This is so they will seek God and believe the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rom/11/intro.md b/rom/11/intro.md index c8e05c19a..fa0e56836 100644 --- a/rom/11/intro.md +++ b/rom/11/intro.md @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Paul uses the image of "grafting" to refer to the place of the Gentiles and Jews ##### "Did God reject his people? May it never be" ##### -Whether Israel (the physical descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) has a future in the plans of God, or if they have been replaced in the plans of God by the church, is a major theological issue in Chapters 9-11. This phrase is an important part of this section of Romans. It seems to indicate that Israel remains distinct from the church. Not all scholars arrive at this conclusion. Despite their currently rejecting Jesus as their Messiah, Israel has not exhausted the grace and mercy of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) +Whether Israel (the physical descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) has a future in the plans of God, or if they have been replaced in the plans of God by the church, is a major theological issue in Chapters 9-11. This phrase is an important part of this section of Romans. It seems to indicate that Israel remains distinct from the church. Not all scholars arrive at this conclusion. Despite their currently rejecting Jesus as their Messiah, Israel has not exhausted the grace and mercy of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rom/front/intro.md b/rom/front/intro.md index 895cf333b..eaad215ee 100644 --- a/rom/front/intro.md +++ b/rom/front/intro.md @@ -74,10 +74,13 @@ The UDB will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these #### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Romans? #### -The following are the most significant textual issues in the Book of Romans: +For the following verses, modern version of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULB includes the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. * "he [God] works all things together for good" (8:28). Some older versions read, "All things work together for good." -* "But if it is by grace, it is no longer by works. Otherwise grace would no longer be grace" (11:6). The best ancient copies have read this way. However, some versions read: "But if it is by works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work." -* "May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen" (16:24). The best ancient copies do not have this verse. +* "But if it is by grace, it is no longer by works. Otherwise grace would no longer be grace" (11:6). Some older versions read: "But if it is by works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work." -Translators are advised not to include this last passage. However, if in the translators' region there are older Bible versions that have the passage, the translators can include it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Romans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) \ No newline at end of file +The following verse is not in the best ancient copies of the Bible. Translators are advised not to include this verse. However, if in the translators' region there are older Bible versions that have this verse, the translators can include it. If it is translated, it should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that it is probably not original to the Book of Romans. + +* "May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen" (16:24). + + (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) diff --git a/rom/span.md b/rom/span.md index 1af70fadd..788d7d85f 100644 --- a/rom/span.md +++ b/rom/span.md @@ -1,81 +1,81 @@ -Old version of [rom\01\24.md](../../v11/rom/01/24.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 24](../rom/01/24.md) -* [Verse: 25](../rom/01/25.md) +Old version of [zep\01\24.md](../../v11/zep/01/24.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 24](../zep/01/24.md) +* [Verse: 25](../zep/01/25.md) -Old version of [rom\02\25.md](../../v11/rom/02/25.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 25](../rom/02/25.md) -* [Verse: 26](../rom/02/26.md) -* [Verse: 27](../rom/02/27.md) +Old version of [zep\02\25.md](../../v11/zep/02/25.md) line number 25 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 25](../zep/02/25.md) +* [Verse: 26](../zep/02/26.md) +* [Verse: 27](../zep/02/27.md) -Old version of [rom\03\15.md](../../v11/rom/03/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: -* [Verse: 15](../rom/03/15.md) -* [Verse: 16](../rom/03/16.md) -* [Verse: 17](../rom/03/17.md) -* [Verse: 18](../rom/03/18.md) +Old version of [zep\03\15.md](../../v11/zep/03/15.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 4 verses: +* [Verse: 15](../zep/03/15.md) +* [Verse: 16](../zep/03/16.md) +* [Verse: 17](../zep/03/17.md) +* [Verse: 18](../zep/03/18.md) -Old version of [rom\04\06.md](../../v11/rom/04/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../rom/04/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../rom/04/08.md) +Old version of [zep\04\06.md](../../v11/zep/04/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/04/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/04/08.md) -Old version of [rom\05\03.md](../../v11/rom/05/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 3](../rom/05/03.md) -* [Verse: 5](../rom/05/05.md) +Old version of [zep\05\03.md](../../v11/zep/05/03.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 3](../zep/05/03.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/05/05.md) -Old version of [rom\07\07.md](../../v11/rom/07/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../rom/07/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../rom/07/08.md) +Old version of [zep\07\07.md](../../v11/zep/07/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/07/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/07/08.md) -Old version of [rom\08\20.md](../../v11/rom/08/20.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../rom/08/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../rom/08/21.md) +Old version of [zep\08\20.md](../../v11/zep/08/20.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/08/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/08/21.md) -Old version of [rom\09\10.md](../../v11/rom/09/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../rom/09/10.md) -* [Verse: 13](../rom/09/13.md) +Old version of [zep\09\10.md](../../v11/zep/09/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/09/10.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/09/13.md) -Old version of [rom\09\19.md](../../v11/rom/09/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../rom/09/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../rom/09/21.md) +Old version of [zep\09\19.md](../../v11/zep/09/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/09/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/09/21.md) -Old version of [rom\09\22.md](../../v11/rom/09/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 22](../rom/09/22.md) -* [Verse: 23](../rom/09/23.md) +Old version of [zep\09\22.md](../../v11/zep/09/22.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 22](../zep/09/22.md) +* [Verse: 23](../zep/09/23.md) -Old version of [rom\12\19.md](../../v11/rom/12/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 20](../rom/12/20.md) -* [Verse: 21](../rom/12/21.md) +Old version of [zep\12\19.md](../../v11/zep/12/19.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 20](../zep/12/20.md) +* [Verse: 21](../zep/12/21.md) -Old version of [rom\13\06.md](../../v11/rom/13/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 6](../rom/13/06.md) -* [Verse: 7](../rom/13/07.md) +Old version of [zep\13\06.md](../../v11/zep/13/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 6](../zep/13/06.md) +* [Verse: 7](../zep/13/07.md) -Old version of [rom\14\07.md](../../v11/rom/14/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../rom/14/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../rom/14/08.md) +Old version of [zep\14\07.md](../../v11/zep/14/07.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/14/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/14/08.md) -Old version of [rom\15\08.md](../../v11/rom/15/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../rom/15/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../rom/15/09.md) +Old version of [zep\15\08.md](../../v11/zep/15/08.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/15/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/15/09.md) -Old version of [rom\15\17.md](../../v11/rom/15/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../rom/15/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../rom/15/19.md) +Old version of [zep\15\17.md](../../v11/zep/15/17.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/15/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/15/19.md) -Old version of [rom\16\06.md](../../v11/rom/16/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../rom/16/07.md) -* [Verse: 8](../rom/16/08.md) +Old version of [zep\16\06.md](../../v11/zep/16/06.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/16/07.md) +* [Verse: 8](../zep/16/08.md) -Old version of [rom\16\09.md](../../v11/rom/16/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../rom/16/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../rom/16/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../rom/16/11.md) +Old version of [zep\16\09.md](../../v11/zep/16/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 3 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/16/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/16/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/16/11.md) -Old version of [rom\16\12.md](../../v11/rom/16/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 13](../rom/16/13.md) -* [Verse: 14](../rom/16/14.md) +Old version of [zep\16\12.md](../../v11/zep/16/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 13](../zep/16/13.md) +* [Verse: 14](../zep/16/14.md) -Old version of [rom\16\21.md](../../v11/rom/16/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 21](../rom/16/21.md) -* [Verse: 22](../rom/16/22.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\16\21.md](../../v11/zep/16/21.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 21](../zep/16/21.md) +* [Verse: 22](../zep/16/22.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rut/02/intro.md b/rut/02/intro.md index 924d53289..b458f37b0 100644 --- a/rut/02/intro.md +++ b/rut/02/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### ##### "Do not go and glean in another field" ##### -Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person's field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +Boaz said this because he could not guarantee their safety in another person's field. It is assumed that not everyone was as gracious and obedient to the law of Moses as Boaz. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/rut/04/13.md b/rut/04/13.md index 262042423..6db3844a3 100644 --- a/rut/04/13.md +++ b/rut/04/13.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "Boaz married Ruth" or "Boaz took Ruth as a wife" -# He slept with her +# He went in to her This is a euphemism that refers to having sexual intercourse. AT: "He had sexual relations with her" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/rut/front/intro.md b/rut/front/intro.md index dd757a7fd..c70651a64 100644 --- a/rut/front/intro.md +++ b/rut/front/intro.md @@ -56,4 +56,4 @@ Some English Bible versions speak of Boaz sitting "at" the city gate. It may be #### How does the Book of Ruth change from one topic to another topic? #### -The Book of Ruth often changes to new topics or new parts of the story. The ULB uses various words to indicate these changes, such as "so," "then," and "now." Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these changes. \ No newline at end of file +The Book of Ruth often changes to new topics or new parts of the story. The ULB uses various words to indicate these changes, such as "so," "then," and "now." Translators should use the ways most natural in their own languages to signal these changes. diff --git a/rut/span.md b/rut/span.md index 257ad993c..90480f522 100644 --- a/rut/span.md +++ b/rut/span.md @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -Old version of [rut\04\18.md](../../v11/rut/04/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../rut/04/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../rut/04/19.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\04\18.md](../../v11/zep/04/18.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/04/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/04/19.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sng/01/intro.md b/sng/01/intro.md index 5aeec2db5..0b223c56f 100644 --- a/sng/01/intro.md +++ b/sng/01/intro.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Kisses ##### -The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband and a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Love and affection ##### This chapter is centered on the feelings of love, affection, and attraction. Different cultural standards may make translation difficult and the translator may use euphemisms to avoid offending people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) diff --git a/sng/02/intro.md b/sng/02/intro.md index 148d0fbe3..94db6093f 100644 --- a/sng/02/intro.md +++ b/sng/02/intro.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Women are compared to flowers in this chapter. This metaphor may describe a woman's beauty and delicacy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) ##### Euphemisms ##### -It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband and a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) +It is possible that some of the metaphors used in this chapter are actually euphemisms. These euphemisms would refer to sex or the physical love between a husband a wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/sng/07/05.md b/sng/07/05.md index d5dbbc798..b26608df9 100644 --- a/sng/07/05.md +++ b/sng/07/05.md @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ This can be translated in active form. AT: "Your hair that hangs down is so beau # tresses -clusters of hair that hang down from a woman's head +the clusters of hair that hang down from a woman's head diff --git a/sng/07/06.md b/sng/07/06.md index 3d63d001b..b13d3c379 100644 --- a/sng/07/06.md +++ b/sng/07/06.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# my love, with delights! +# my love, with delights -"my love. You delight me!" +"my love. You delight me" diff --git a/sng/08/04.md b/sng/08/04.md index 512fe7c80..34a42b2cd 100644 --- a/sng/08/04.md +++ b/sng/08/04.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md) "young women of Jerusalem." These young women could not hear her and were not present, but the woman speaks as if they were present and could hear her. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]]) -# that you will ... until it is over +# that you will ... until it pleases See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 2:7](../02/07.md). diff --git a/sng/08/intro.md b/sng/08/intro.md index c2006df54..e4e26af0b 100644 --- a/sng/08/intro.md +++ b/sng/08/intro.md @@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Kisses ##### -The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband and a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The kisses in this chapter are a type of kiss that was only done between a husband a wife. It is an intimate kiss. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) ##### Passion ##### -The chapter describes the passion that can exist between a husband and a wife. This is the feeling of strong or uncontrollable desire for another person. +The chapter describes the passion that can exist between a husband a wife. This is the feeling of strong or uncontrollable desire for another person. ## Links: ## diff --git a/sng/front/intro.md b/sng/front/intro.md index 89f93e0ad..ca30e9102 100644 --- a/sng/front/intro.md +++ b/sng/front/intro.md @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ This book is traditionally titled "Song of Songs," which means the very best son #### What place do the descriptions of sexual behavior have in the Song of Songs? #### -The Song of Songs approves of sexual behavior expressing love between a husband and his wife. +The Song of Songs approves of sexual behavior expressing love between a husband his wife. ## Part 3: Important Translation Issues ## @@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ Readers might consider many images or forms appearing in the Song of Songs as im #### How do I translate metaphors and similes in this book? #### -There are many metaphors and similes in this book. These figures of speech are often unclear. If they have sexual meanings, figures of speech describing feelings or emotions are often used to avoid offense by hiding their meaning. However, since their meanings are often unclear, ambiguity in translation is encouraged. You can translate the words as they are written in order to avoid committing to a specific meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) \ No newline at end of file +There are many metaphors and similes in this book. These figures of speech are often unclear. If they have sexual meanings, figures of speech describing feelings or emotions are often used to avoid offense by hiding their meaning. However, since their meanings are often unclear, ambiguity in translation is encouraged. You can translate the words as they are written in order to avoid committing to a specific meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/sng/span.md b/sng/span.md index 0c30ffa6f..2b1b5c90d 100644 --- a/sng/span.md +++ b/sng/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [sng\02\08.md](../../v11/sng/02/08.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../sng/02/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../sng/02/09.md) +Old version of [zep\02\08.md](../../v11/zep/02/08.md) line number 17 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/02/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/02/09.md) -Old version of [sng\06\08.md](../../v11/sng/06/08.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../sng/06/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../sng/06/09.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\06\08.md](../../v11/zep/06/08.md) line number 21 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/06/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/06/09.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/tit/01/intro.md b/tit/01/intro.md index fb1ac9214..a36a6888b 100644 --- a/tit/01/intro.md +++ b/tit/01/intro.md @@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -Titus [Titus 1:1-5](./01.md) forms a formal introduction to this letter. It was a common type of introduction for a letter in the ancient Near East. +Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East. -Titus [Titus 1:6-9](./06.md) gives the qualifications for the office of elder. 1 Timothy 3 also gives these qualifications. +In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### -##### Overseer and Deacons ##### +##### Elders ##### -There is some disagreement over the titles used for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. +The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop. #### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter #### -##### How things ought to be ##### -There are several words in this chapter (should, may, must) that indicate that there is some kind of requirement or obligation. These verbs have different levels of force attached to them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UDB has chosen to translate these verbs more generically. +##### Should, may, must ##### +The ULB uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UDB translates these verbs in a more general way. ## Links: ## diff --git a/tit/02/intro.md b/tit/02/intro.md index 828dddaf6..a8c228a60 100644 --- a/tit/02/intro.md +++ b/tit/02/intro.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ ##### Gender roles ##### -Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in light of its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things (this belief is known as egalitarianism). Other scholars believe men and women were created to be distinct and to serve in different roles in marriage and the church (this belief is known as complementarianism). How one understands this issue may affect how this passage is translated. +Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage. ##### Slavery ##### -This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. Paul's teaching on slavery was rather radical during his time because masters were not expected to treat their slaves in such a pleasant way. Overall, Paul's focus is on living in a way pleasing to God despite the circumstances of one's life. The translator should remember that Paul is in prison when he writes these words. +Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation. ## Links: ## diff --git a/tit/03/intro.md b/tit/03/intro.md index ea9ebfc77..7fd9c92e8 100644 --- a/tit/03/intro.md +++ b/tit/03/intro.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter appears to shift the letter's focus and gives Titus personal instructions. +Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter. -[Titus 3:12-15](./12.md) forms a formal conclusion to this letter. This is a common type of conclusion for a letter in the ancient Near East. +Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Genealogies ##### -This is probably a reference to some group's speculation over the identification of the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]]) +Genealogies are lists that record a person's ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could normally become king. They also showed from what tribe and family they came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. ## Links: ## diff --git a/tit/span.md b/tit/span.md index 1dc2df4ba..9c96fe32b 100644 --- a/tit/span.md +++ b/tit/span.md @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ -Old version of [tit\02\11.md](../../v11/tit/02/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../tit/02/11.md) -* [Verse: 12](../tit/02/12.md) +Old version of [zep\02\11.md](../../v11/zep/02/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/02/11.md) +* [Verse: 12](../zep/02/12.md) -Old version of [tit\03\12.md](../../v11/tit/03/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../tit/03/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../tit/03/13.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\03\12.md](../../v11/zep/03/12.md) line number 9 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/03/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/03/13.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zec/04/intro.md b/zec/04/intro.md index ee2781723..6d1d3e745 100644 --- a/zec/04/intro.md +++ b/zec/04/intro.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ #### Structure and formatting #### -This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand and olive trees. +This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees. #### Special concepts in this chapter #### diff --git a/zec/14/19.md b/zec/14/19.md index 51a6244b1..81fca694f 100644 --- a/zec/14/19.md +++ b/zec/14/19.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ # General Information: These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her. +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/punish]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/egypt]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/nation]] +* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/festival]] diff --git a/zec/front/intro.md b/zec/front/intro.md index 3e4c327d2..a12f24036 100644 --- a/zec/front/intro.md +++ b/zec/front/intro.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ - Four horns and four craftsmen (1:18–21) - The measuring line (2:1–13) - The priest in filthy clothes (3:1–10) - - The golden lampstand and olive trees (4:1–14) + - The golden lampstand olive trees (4:1–14) - The flying scroll (5:1–4) - The woman in a basket (5:5–11) - Four chariots (6:1–8) @@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ Zechariah presented the Messiah as both a king and a shepherd. Zechariah said th #### What does the phrase "that day" mean? #### -Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referring to a future "day," the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) \ No newline at end of file +Zechariah often spoke of the last days by using the phrase "that day" or "in that day." When referring to a future "day," the translator should be aware that the author may be speaking about the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) diff --git a/zec/span.md b/zec/span.md index 73037a2b8..e83b4a6e5 100644 --- a/zec/span.md +++ b/zec/span.md @@ -1,57 +1,57 @@ -Old version of [zec\01\10.md](../../v11/zec/01/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../zec/01/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../zec/01/11.md) +Old version of [zep\01\10.md](../../v11/zep/01/10.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/01/11.md) -Old version of [zec\01\10.md](../../v11/zec/01/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../zec/01/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../zec/01/11.md) +Old version of [zep\01\10.md](../../v11/zep/01/10.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/01/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/01/11.md) -Old version of [zec\04\08.md](../../v11/zec/04/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../zec/04/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../zec/04/09.md) +Old version of [zep\04\08.md](../../v11/zep/04/08.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/04/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/04/09.md) -Old version of [zec\04\08.md](../../v11/zec/04/08.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../zec/04/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../zec/04/11.md) +Old version of [zep\04\08.md](../../v11/zep/04/08.md) line number 29 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/04/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/04/11.md) -Old version of [zec\06\09.md](../../v11/zec/06/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 9](../zec/06/09.md) -* [Verse: 10](../zec/06/10.md) +Old version of [zep\06\09.md](../../v11/zep/06/09.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 9](../zep/06/09.md) +* [Verse: 10](../zep/06/10.md) -Old version of [zec\06\09.md](../../v11/zec/06/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 10](../zec/06/10.md) -* [Verse: 11](../zec/06/11.md) +Old version of [zep\06\09.md](../../v11/zep/06/09.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 10](../zep/06/10.md) +* [Verse: 11](../zep/06/11.md) -Old version of [zec\07\01.md](../../v11/zec/07/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../zec/07/01.md) -* [Verse: 3](../zec/07/03.md) +Old version of [zep\07\01.md](../../v11/zep/07/01.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/07/01.md) +* [Verse: 3](../zep/07/03.md) -Old version of [zec\07\04.md](../../v11/zec/07/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 4](../zec/07/04.md) -* [Verse: 5](../zec/07/05.md) +Old version of [zep\07\04.md](../../v11/zep/07/04.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 4](../zep/07/04.md) +* [Verse: 5](../zep/07/05.md) -Old version of [zec\07\08.md](../../v11/zec/07/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 8](../zec/07/08.md) -* [Verse: 9](../zec/07/09.md) +Old version of [zep\07\08.md](../../v11/zep/07/08.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 8](../zep/07/08.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/07/09.md) -Old version of [zec\08\01.md](../../v11/zec/08/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 1](../zec/08/01.md) -* [Verse: 2](../zec/08/02.md) +Old version of [zep\08\01.md](../../v11/zep/08/01.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 1](../zep/08/01.md) +* [Verse: 2](../zep/08/02.md) -Old version of [zec\08\18.md](../../v11/zec/08/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 18](../zec/08/18.md) -* [Verse: 19](../zec/08/19.md) +Old version of [zep\08\18.md](../../v11/zep/08/18.md) line number 1 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 18](../zep/08/18.md) +* [Verse: 19](../zep/08/19.md) -Old version of [zec\09\11.md](../../v11/zec/09/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 11](../zec/09/11.md) -* [Verse: 13](../zec/09/13.md) +Old version of [zep\09\11.md](../../v11/zep/09/11.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 11](../zep/09/11.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/09/13.md) -Old version of [zec\11\07.md](../../v11/zec/11/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 7](../zec/11/07.md) -* [Verse: 9](../zec/11/09.md) +Old version of [zep\11\07.md](../../v11/zep/11/07.md) line number 13 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 7](../zep/11/07.md) +* [Verse: 9](../zep/11/09.md) -Old version of [zec\12\12.md](../../v11/zec/12/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: -* [Verse: 12](../zec/12/12.md) -* [Verse: 13](../zec/12/13.md) \ No newline at end of file +Old version of [zep\12\12.md](../../v11/zep/12/12.md) line number 5 has a snippet that spans 2 verses: +* [Verse: 12](../zep/12/12.md) +* [Verse: 13](../zep/12/13.md) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/zep/01/intro.md b/zep/01/intro.md index 5a9f2ca6f..3f7bb677c 100644 --- a/zep/01/intro.md +++ b/zep/01/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Prophecy ##### -In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) +In this chapter, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the fall of Jerusalem, the coming of the Messiah or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/zep/02/intro.md b/zep/02/intro.md index 834034fb1..5b6a23d3e 100644 --- a/zep/02/intro.md +++ b/zep/02/intro.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of #### Special concepts in this chapter #### ##### Prophecy ##### -In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) +In this chapter, because the prophesied destruction is so complete, it is unclear whether these prophecies concern the time near the fall of Jerusalem or the day of the Lord. It is possible that the prophecies reference more than one period of time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]]) ## Links: ## diff --git a/zep/front/intro.md b/zep/front/intro.md index f3f0cf331..bce5ae7a0 100644 --- a/zep/front/intro.md +++ b/zep/front/intro.md @@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ Manasseh, the grandfather of Josiah, had been one of the worst kings of Judah. H #### What country is coming to invade Judah? #### -Zephaniah often said a foreign nation would invade the kingdom of Judah. Zephaniah probably meant Babylonia. However, the Book of Zephaniah never names this nation. \ No newline at end of file +Zephaniah often said a foreign nation would invade the kingdom of Judah. Zephaniah probably meant Babylonia. However, the Book of Zephaniah never names this nation.