# according to the ways of this world

The apostles also used "world" to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate translation: "according to the values of people living in the world" or "following the principles of this present world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# the ruler of the authorities of the air

This refers to the devil or Satan.

# the spirit that is working

"the spirit of Satan, who is working"