10 were probably spoken by Isaiah.

## woe ##

Isaiah is expressing deep concern about Israel's rebellion.

## a people weighed down with iniquity ##

This compares their many sins to something very heavy that a person might carry. Alternate translation: "their sin is like a heavy bag on their shoulders that makes it hard for them to walk." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

## They have abandoned Yahweh ##

"They have turned away from Yahweh"

## they have despised the Holy One of Israel ##

"they have rejected the Holy One of Israel" or "they have been disrespectful to the Holy One of Israel"

## they have estranged themselves from him ##

"they have separated themselves from him." Alternate translation: "they have treated him as a stranger."