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Paul called himself a slave or “servant”(δοῦλος/g1401) of Jesus Christ. Some scholars think that he wanted people to think about Joshua, Moses, and Jonah, who were also called “servants.” More scholars think that Paul was a servant because he wanted to obey and serve God.
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See: Serve (Servant, Slave)
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See: [Serve (Servant, Slave)](../articles/serve.md)
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See: Romans 15:16; Titus 1:1
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### What was an “apostle”?
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See: Apostle
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See: [Apostle](../articles/apostle.md)
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### When was the promise made in the “holy scriptures”?
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When Paul wrote about promises made the holy scriptures, he was speaking about the Old Testament.
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See: Old Testament (Law and Prophets)
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See: [Old Testament (Law and Prophets)](../articles/oldtestament.md)
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### How was Jesus a “descendent of David”?
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@ -26,24 +26,24 @@ The Bible prophesied that the Messiah would be a descendant of King David (see:
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See: Matthew 9:27; 12:23; 21:9; 22:41-45; 2 Timothy 2:8; Revelation 5:5
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See: Prophecy (Prophesy); Messiah (Christ); Ancestor and Descendant (Fathers, Forefathers, Patriarchs); Son of David
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See: [Prophecy (Prophesy)](../articles/prophecy.md) ; [Messiah (Christ)](../articles/messiahchrist.md); [Ancestor and Descendant (Fathers, Forefathers, Patriarchs)](../articles/ancestor.md); [Son of David](../articles/sonofdavid.md)
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### What was the “Spirit of holiness”?
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Paul wrote about the spirit of holiness. Some scholars think Paul was speaking about the Holy Spirit (see: Isaiah 63:10). Other scholars state that it referred to the holiness Christians have (see: 2 Corinthians 7:1; 1 Thessalonians 3:11-13).
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See: Spirit (Spiritual); Holy (Holiness, Set Apart); Holy Spirit
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See: [Spirit (Spiritual)](../articles/spiritspiritual.md); [Holy (Holiness, Set Apart)](../articles/holy.md); [Holy Spirit](../articles/holyspirit.md)
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### What was meant by the words, “declared with power to be the Son of God”?
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Paul wrote “declared with power to be the Son of God.” Scholars think that God declared Jesus to be the Son of God when Jesus was resurrected.
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See: Son of God; Resurrect (Resurrection)
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See: [Son of God](../articles/sonofgod.md); [Resurrect (Resurrection)](../articles/resurrect.md)
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### What was “received grace and apostleship”?
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Paul wrote “received grace and apostleship.” Some scholars he was talking about all Christians. Christians received grace in the same way that Paul did. Other scholars think Paul spoke about the other apostles who, like him, were called by Jesus.
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See: Apostle; Grace; Call (Calling)
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See: [Apostle](../articles/apostle.md); [Grace](../articles/grace.md); [Call (Calling)](../articles/call.md)
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### What was the “obedience of faith”?
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See: Acts 6:7; Romans 16:26
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See: Faith (Believe in)
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See: [Faith (Believe in)](../articles/faith.md)
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## 1:8-17
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## 1:8-17
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### How was God a witness?
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When God’s people insisted that they were telling the truth, they sometimes said that God was a witness of the things they said. This was a type of oath.
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See: Romans 9:1; 1 Thessalonians 2:5, 10
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See: Swear (Oath); Witness (Martyr)
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See: [Swear (Oath)](../articles/swearoath.md); [Witness (Martyr)](../articles/witness.md)
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### What did it mean to serve “in my spirit”?
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Some scholars think that in his “spirit” meant that Paul completely served God. Other scholars think he was speaking serving God with the power of the Holy Spirit.
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See: Spirit (Spiritual); Holy Spirit
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See: [Spirit (Spiritual)](../articles/spiritspiritual.md)); [Holy Spirit](../articles/holyspirit.md)
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### What is the “spiritual gift” that Paul wanted to give the Romans?
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When Paul wrote about a spiritual gift here, he was speaking about God blessing people (see: Romans 11:29).
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See: Spirit (Spiritual)
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See: [Spirit (Spiritual)](../articles/spiritspiritual.md)
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### How did Paul want to “have some fruit”?
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See: Philippians 1:22; Colossians 1:6
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See: Fruit (metaphor)
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See: [Fruit (Metaphor)](../articles/fruitmetaphor.md)
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### Who are the Gentiles, Greeks, and foreigners?
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See: Colossians 3:11
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See: Gentile
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See: [Gentile](../articles/gentile.md)
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### What made Paul a “debtor” to everyone?
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See: 1 Corinthians 9:16
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See: Preach (Preacher); Gospel
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See: [Preach (Preacher)](../articles/preach.md); [Gospel](../articles/gospel.md)
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### Why did it mean to not be “ashamed” of the gospel?
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Paul did not want people to be ashamed of the gospel. He did not want people to worry about people judging them for believing the gospel.
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See: Jeremiah 9:24; Mark 8:38; 2 Timothy 1:8, 12
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See: Shame (Ashamed)
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See: [Shame (Ashamed)](../articles/shame.md)
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### What was “for the Jew first and for the Gentile”?
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See: Acts 11:18; 20:21; Romans 10:12-13; Ephesians 2:11-18
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See: Save (Salvation, Saved from Sins); Gentile; Messiah (Christ)
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See: [Save (Salvation, Saved from Sins)](../articles/save.md); [Gentile](../articles/gentile.md); [Messiah (Christ)](../articles/messiahchrist.md)
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### What was “God’s righteousness”?
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Paul spoke about God’s “righteousness.” Some scholars think Paul wanted to say that God is righteous (see: Psalm 50:6; Romans 3:5). Other scholars think Paul was writing about the righteousness that God gave people when he justified them (see: Romans 3:21; 10:3). Other scholars think Paul was writing about salvation (see: Isaiah 51:6).
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See: Righteous (Righteousness); Justify (Justification); Save (Salvation, Saved from Sins)
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See: [Righteous (Righteousness)](../articles/righteous.md); [Justify (Justification)](../articles/justify.md); [Save (Salvation, Saved from Sins)](../articles/save.md)
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### How was God’s righteousness “revealed from faith to faith”?
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Paul wrote about God’s righteousness revealed from faith to faith. Some scholars think Paul wanted people to know that they were saved because they believe in Jesus. Other scholars think Paul wanted Christians to have more faith or to trust God more. Other scholars think Paul wanted them to the Jews to change what they believed. Before, they needed to believe in God. Now, they also need to believe in Jesus, who is God.
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See: Faith (Believe in); Righteous (Righteousness); Jesus is God
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See: Faith (Believe in); [Righteous (Righteousness)](../articles/righteous.md); [Jesus is God)](../articles/jesusisgod.md)
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## 1:18-25
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See: Ezekiel 25:17; Romans 5:9; 12:19; Ephesians 5:6
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See: Wrath
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See: [Wrath](../articles/wrath.md)
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### What was “unrighteousness”?
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See: Righteous (Righteousness)
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See: [Righteous (Righteousness)](../articles/righteous.md)
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### How did people “hold back the truth”?
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See: John 3:19; Ephesians 4:17-18
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See: Light and Darkness; Heart (metaphor)
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See: [Light and Darkness (Metaphor)](../articles/lightdarkness.md)
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### What was the “likenesses of an image”?
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See: Deuteronomy 5:8; Isaiah 44:12-17; Acts 17:29
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See: Idolatry (Idol); Image
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See: [Idolatry (Idol)](../articles/idolatryidol.md); [Image](../articles/image.md)
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### How did God give people “over to the lusts of their hearts”?
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See: Psalm 81:11-12; Acts 7:42
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See: Heart (metaphor); Sin
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See: [Heart (Metaphor)](../articles/heart.md); [Sin](../articles/sin.md)
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## 1:26-32
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See: Ephesians 4:18-19; 1 Corinthians 6:18; 1 Thessalonians 4:4-5
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See: Sexual Immorality
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See: [Sexual Immorality](../articles/sexualimmorality.md)
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### What were “natural” and “unnatural” relations?
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See: Jude 7
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See: Sexual Immorality
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See: [Sexual Immorality](../articles/sexualimmorality.md)
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###
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What was “burned in their lust”?
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### What was “burned in their lust”?
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Paul wrote about people who burned with lust. This is a metaphor. They really wanted to be sexually immoral.
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See: 1 Corinthians 7:9, 36; 1 Timothy 5:11
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See: Sexual Immorality
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See: [Sexual Immorality](../articles/sexualimmorality.md)
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### What was a “corrupted mind”?
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See: Romans 8:7-8; Titus 1:16
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See: Will of God
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See: [Will of God](../articles/willofgod.md)
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