diff --git a/bible/config.yaml b/bible/config.yaml index fb38b075..8a07f17b 100644 --- a/bible/config.yaml +++ b/bible/config.yaml @@ -1,34 +1,36 @@ abomination: see_also: - kt/adultery + - other/daniel + - other/desecrate + - other/desolate - other/idol - other/sacrifice - - other/daniel - - other/defile adultery: see_also: - - kt/fornication - - kt/covenant - - other/sex - - kt/unfaithful + - other/commit aliases: - adulterer almighty: see_also: + - kt/god + - kt/lord - kt/power -anoint: - see_also: - - kt/prophet - - kt/kingofthejews - - kt/priest - - kt/highpriest apostle: see_also: + - kt/authority + - kt/disciple + - other/jamessonofzebedee + - other/paul - kt/thetwelve +assembly: + aliases: + - assemble atonement: see_also: - - kt/propitiation + - kt/atonementlid - kt/forgive + - kt/propitiation - kt/reconcile - kt/redeem atonementlid: @@ -36,7 +38,11 @@ atonementlid: - other/arkofthecovenant - kt/atonement - other/cherubim + - kt/propitiation - kt/redeem +believer: + see_also: + - kt/apostle beloved: see_also: - kt/love @@ -45,14 +51,23 @@ birthright: - kt/firstborn - kt/inherit - other/descendant +blameless: + aliases: + - yahweh + - Yahweh blasphemy: + see_also: + - other/dishonor + - other/slander aliases: - insult bless: aliases: + - blessing - blessed body: see_also: + - other/head - kt/spirit bond: aliases: @@ -60,6 +75,7 @@ bond: - bound bornagain: see_also: + - kt/holyspirit - kt/salvation bow: see_also: @@ -68,6 +84,10 @@ bow: brother: see_also: - other/sister + - kt/spirit +call: + aliases: + - calling children: aliases: - child @@ -77,11 +97,20 @@ christ: - other/david - kt/jesus - kt/anoint +christian: + see_also: + - other/antioch + - kt/christ + - kt/church + - kt/disciple + - kt/believer + - kt/jesus + - kt/sonofgod church: see_also: - - kt/christian - - kt/believer - kt/assembly + - kt/believer + - kt/christian circumcise: see_also: - kt/uncircumcised @@ -95,42 +124,52 @@ clean: - other/sacrifice aliases: - wash + - cleanness condemn: see_also: - kt/judge - other/punish confidence: see_also: - - kt/trust - - kt/hope - kt/believe + - kt/hope + - kt/trust consecrate: see_also: - kt/holy - - kt/sanctify - kt/purify + - kt/sanctify +corrupt: + see_also: + - kt/evil +covenantfaith: + see_also: + - kt/covenant + - kt/faithful + - kt/grace + - other/israel + - kt/peopleofgod + - kt/promise + aliases: + - 'covenant faithfulness' crucify: see_also: - kt/cross - other/rome darkness: - see_also: - - kt/light - - kt/righteous - - kt/redeem - - kt/dominion - - other/kingdom - - kt/corrupt + aliases: + - dark death: see_also: - kt/life - kt/faith - kt/spirit aliases: - - lethal - - dead - - mortal - die + - dead + - lethal + - died + - mortal deceive: aliases: - lie @@ -138,6 +177,11 @@ deceive: - deceived - deceiver - deception + - deceitful + - deceptive +deliverer: + aliases: + - rescue demon: see_also: - kt/demonpossessed @@ -153,9 +197,19 @@ disciple: - kt/believer - kt/jesus - other/johnthebaptist + - kt/thetwelve divine: see_also: - - other/divination + - kt/authority + - kt/falsegod + - kt/glory + - kt/god + - kt/judge + - kt/power +enslave: + see_also: + - kt/free + - kt/righteous eternity: see_also: - kt/forever @@ -168,8 +222,9 @@ evangelism: evil: aliases: - prophet - - 'Yahweh of Hosts' - wicked + - 'Yahweh of Hosts' + - wickedness exalt: see_also: - other/praise @@ -177,24 +232,46 @@ exalt: - kt/glorify - kt/boast - other/proud +face: + aliases: + - faces faithless: see_also: - kt/unbeliever - kt/unfaithful - other/disobey falsegod: + see_also: + - kt/god + - asherah + - other/baal + - other/molech + - other/idol + - kt/demon + - other/image aliases: - 'false god' - god + - goddess + - 'other god' fear: aliases: - - troubled - afraid - rest + - 'fear of God' + - 'fear of Yahweh' + - dread + - troubled firstfruit: aliases: - firstfruits - 'first converts' +flesh: + aliases: + - Yahweh + - Jerusalem + - people + - peoplegroup foolish: see_also: - kt/wise @@ -205,12 +282,24 @@ foreordain: - kt/predestine forever: see_also: - - kt/eternity + - other/david + - other/reign + aliases: + - covenant + - decrees free: see_also: + - kt/bond - kt/enslave - other/servant - - kt/bond +fruit: + see_also: + - other/descendant + - other/grain + - other/grape + - kt/holyspirit + - other/vine + - other/womb fulfill: see_also: - kt/prophet @@ -221,6 +310,8 @@ gift: see_also: - kt/spirit - kt/holyspirit + aliases: + - presents glorify: see_also: - kt/glory @@ -231,20 +322,29 @@ glorify: glory: see_also: - kt/glorify + aliases: + - glorify +godly: + see_also: + - kt/ungodly + - kt/unrighteous godthefather: see_also: - - kt/god - - kt/holyspirit - - kt/sonofgod - other/father - - kt/jesus + - kt/god - kt/heaven + - kt/holyspirit + - kt/jesus + - kt/sonofgod + aliases: + - 'God the Father' + - 'Heavenly Father' good: see_also: + - kt/evil - kt/holy - other/profit - kt/righteous - - kt/evil guilt: aliases: - convict @@ -259,24 +359,29 @@ hell: - other/abyss highpriest: see_also: - - other/chiefpriests + - other/annas + - other/caiaphas holy: see_also: - - kt/sanctify - kt/holyspirit + - kt/consecrate + - kt/sanctify - kt/setapart + aliases: + - 'holy place' holyone: see_also: - kt/holy - kt/god holyplace: see_also: + - other/arkofthecovenant - kt/holy - kt/setapart - - kt/temple - kt/tabernacle - - other/arkofthecovenant + - kt/temple aliases: + - 'holy places' - 'holy place' holyspirit: see_also: @@ -287,29 +392,38 @@ holyspirit: - kt/godthefather - kt/sonofgod - kt/gift + aliases: + - 'Holy Spirit' + - 'Spirit of God' + - 'Spirit of the Lord' + - 'Spirit of Yahweh' hope: aliases: - confidence +houseofgod: + aliases: + - 'house of God' + - 'Yahweh''s house' + - 'house of Yahweh' imageofgod: see_also: - other/image - kt/sonofgod - kt/sonofgod -inchrist: - see_also: - - kt/christ - - kt/lordgod - - kt/jesus - - kt/believe - - kt/faith inherit: see_also: - other/heir + aliases: + - heritage + - inheritance iniquity: see_also: - kt/sin - kt/transgression - kt/trespass + aliases: + - i + - niquity intercede: see_also: - other/pray @@ -324,32 +438,79 @@ jesus: - 'Jesus Christ' judge: see_also: - - kt/justice + - other/decree - other/judgeposition + - kt/justice - other/law - kt/lawofmoses +justice: + see_also: + - kt/righteous + - kt/upright + aliases: + - just +justify: + see_also: + - kt/forgive + - kt/guilt +kingdomofgod: + see_also: + - kt/heaven + - kt/kingofthejews +kingofthejews: + see_also: + - other/descendant + - kt/jesus + - other/wisemen lamb: see_also: - other/sheep - other/shepherd +lawofmoses: + see_also: + - other/instruct + - other/moses + - other/tencommandments + - other/lawful + - kt/yahweh + aliases: + - Law + - 'Law of Moses' + - 'God''s Law' + - 'Law of Yahweh' + - 'Book of Moses' life: see_also: - kt/death - kt/eternity aliases: - live -lord: + - lived + - alive +light: see_also: - - kt/lordgod + - kt/darkness +lord: + aliases: + - master lordgod: see_also: - - kt/lord - kt/god + - kt/jesus + - kt/lord + - other/ruler - kt/yahweh + aliases: + - lord + - master + - sir lordyahweh: see_also: + - kt/god - kt/lordgod - kt/yahweh + aliases: + - 'Lord Yahweh' love: aliases: - affection @@ -357,9 +518,14 @@ love: majesty: see_also: - other/king +maker: + see_also: + - other/creation + - kt/yahweh minister: see_also: - other/serve + - other/sacrifice miracle: see_also: - kt/power @@ -374,48 +540,71 @@ mosthigh: see_also: - kt/god newcovenant: - aliases: - - 'new covenant' + see_also: + - atone oppress: see_also: + - bind - kt/enslave + - other/persecute + aliases: + - oppressed + - oppression pastor: see_also: - other/shepherd - other/sheep peopleofgod: see_also: + - other/israel - other/peoplegroup aliases: - people +perfect: + aliases: + - perfection perish: see_also: - kt/death + - everlasting predestine: see_also: - kt/foreordain priest: see_also: - other/aaron - - other/sacrifice - other/chiefpriests - kt/highpriest - other/mediator + - other/sacrifice + aliases: + - priests promise: + aliases: + - oath + - promised +promisedland: see_also: - - kt/covenant - - other/oath - - kt/vow + - kt/promise + aliases: + - land + - 'Promised Land' prophet: + see_also: + - other/divination + - other/falseprophet + - kt/fulfill aliases: - prophecy - prophesy + - seer - see propitiation: see_also: - kt/atonement - - other/sacrifice - kt/eternity + - kt/forgive + - other/sacrifice purify: aliases: - pure @@ -426,15 +615,24 @@ raise: aliases: - rise - arisen +ransom: + see_also: + - kt/atonement receive: see_also: - kt/holyspirit - - kt/lord - kt/jesus + - kt/lord - kt/save reconcile: see_also: - other/peace + - other/sacrifice +redeem: + see_also: + - kt/free + aliases: + - redemption repent: see_also: - kt/forgive @@ -460,6 +658,13 @@ righteous: - kt/evil - kt/justice - kt/faithful +righthand: + see_also: + - other/accuse + - other/honor + - other/punish + - other/rebel + - kt/evil salvation: see_also: - kt/save @@ -495,6 +700,8 @@ save: - other/punish - kt/cross - kt/deliverer + aliases: + - saves savior: see_also: - kt/save @@ -510,8 +717,10 @@ setapart: - kt/appoint sign: aliases: - - reminder - reminders + - reminder + - 'sign (proof' + - reminder) sin: see_also: - kt/evil @@ -530,18 +739,33 @@ sonofgod: - kt/god - kt/godthefather - other/father +sonofman: + aliases: + - 'Son of Man' sonsofgod: see_also: - kt/sonofgod - kt/angel - kt/demon - other/ruler +spirit: + see_also: + - kt/angel + - kt/satan + - kt/demon + - kt/holyspirit tabernacle: see_also: - other/altarofincense - kt/temple - other/altar - other/arkofthecovenant + aliases: + - tabernacles +teacher: + see_also: + - kt/disciple + - other/preach temple: see_also: - other/sacrifice @@ -565,6 +789,9 @@ trespass: - kt/sin - kt/transgression - kt/iniquity +'true': + aliases: + - truth trust: see_also: - kt/faith @@ -574,7 +801,6 @@ trust: turn: aliases: - 'turn away' - - return unbeliever: see_also: - kt/believer @@ -583,10 +809,17 @@ unfaithful: see_also: - kt/faithful - kt/adultery +ungodly: + aliases: + - godless unholy: see_also: - other/profane - kt/holy +unjust: + see_also: + - kt/justice + - kt/unrighteous unlawful: see_also: - other/lawful @@ -600,6 +833,13 @@ unrighteous: - kt/righteous - kt/unlawful - kt/sin +upright: + see_also: + - kt/righteous + - other/obey + - kt/lawofmoses + - other/law + - kt/purify veil: see_also: - other/moses @@ -618,13 +858,19 @@ witness: - kt/judge - kt/true - kt/testimony +word: + aliases: + - words wordofgod: aliases: - 'word of yahweh' - - 'word of god' wordoftruth: see_also: - kt/wordofgod +works: + aliases: + - deeds + - work world: see_also: - other/rome @@ -636,6 +882,13 @@ worship: - other/sacrifice - other/praise - other/honor + aliases: + - Jerusalem +worthy: + aliases: + - worthless + - worth + - unworthy yahweh: see_also: - other/moses @@ -646,11 +899,19 @@ yahwehofhosts: - kt/authority aliases: - 'Yahweh of Hosts' + - 'Yahweh of hosts' - 'God of Hosts' zealous: aliases: - zeal - 'earnest desire' +12tribesofisrael: + see_also: + - kt/inherit + - other/israel + - other/jacob + - kt/priest + - other/tribe aaron: see_also: - kt/priest @@ -665,6 +926,11 @@ acacia: see_also: - kt/tabernacle - other/arkofthecovenant +acknowledge: + see_also: + - other/obey + - kt/glory + - kt/salvation acquit: see_also: - kt/forgive @@ -676,8 +942,11 @@ administration: - kt/gift - other/governor - other/hananiah - - mishael + - other/mishael - other/azariah +adversary: + aliases: + - enemy ahasuerus: see_also: - other/esther @@ -698,6 +967,10 @@ ahijah: see_also: - other/baasha - other/shiloh +alarm: + see_also: + - other/jehoshaphat + - other/moab amalekite: see_also: - other/negev @@ -705,6 +978,12 @@ amalekite: - other/saul - other/david - other/esau +amazed: + aliases: + - marvel + - wonder + - 'be amazed' + - 'be astonished' amaziah: see_also: - other/joash @@ -712,6 +991,8 @@ amaziah: ammon: see_also: - kt/curse + aliases: + - Ammonites amnon: see_also: - other/david @@ -731,7 +1012,7 @@ arabah: - other/redsea - other/jordanriver - other/canaan - - saltsea + - other/saltsea - other/egypt aram: see_also: @@ -748,6 +1029,8 @@ arkofthecovenant: - kt/testimony aliases: - ark + - 'ark of the covenant' + - 'ark of the covenant decrees' armor: see_also: - other/peace @@ -772,6 +1055,9 @@ asaph: - other/descendant - other/lute - other/harp +ash: + see_also: + - other/sackcloth asherim: see_also: - other/idol @@ -788,10 +1074,21 @@ ashkelon: - other/gath - other/gaza - other/samson +assign: + see_also: + - kt/appoint + - other/samuel + - other/saul assyria: aliases: - Assyrian - 'Assyrian Empire' +athaliah: + see_also: + - other/ahaziah + - other/jehoram + - other/joash + - other/omri awe: see_also: - kt/fear @@ -821,6 +1118,11 @@ balaam: - other/donkey - kt/curse - kt/bless +barley: + see_also: + - other/grain + - other/thresh + - other/wheat barnabas: see_also: - kt/christian @@ -828,6 +1130,21 @@ bartholomew: see_also: - kt/apostle - other/pentecost +baruch: + see_also: + - kt/disciple + - other/companion + - other/jeremiah + - kt/prophet + - other/babylon + - other/israel +bear: + see_also: + - other/elisha +beast: + see_also: + - other/daniel + - other/livestock beelzebul: see_also: - kt/demon @@ -840,9 +1157,20 @@ benaiah: - other/solomon - other/joab - other/adonijah +benjamin: + aliases: + - Benjamite bethel: see_also: - other/abraham + - other/jacob + - other/jerusalem + - other/altar +bethlehem: + see_also: + - other/caleb + - other/david + - other/micah bethshemesh: see_also: - other/philistines @@ -863,10 +1191,47 @@ biblicaldistance: biblicalmoney: aliases: - 'talent (money)' +biblicaltimeday: + see_also: + - kt/dayofthelord + - other/biblicaltime + - kt/judgmentday + - kt/lastday + aliases: + - day +biblicaltimehour: + see_also: + - other/biblicaltime +biblicaltimemonth: + see_also: + - other/biblicaltime +biblicaltimewatch: + see_also: + - other/biblicaltime +biblicaltimeweek: + see_also: + - other/biblicaltime + - other/pentecost +biblicaltimeyear: + see_also: + - other/biblicaltime + - other/biblicaltimemonth +biblicalvolume: + aliases: + - ephah +biblicalweight: + aliases: + - shekels +blemish: + see_also: + - kt/sin + - other/sacrifice bloodshed: see_also: - kt/blood - other/slaughter + aliases: + - 'shed blood' boaz: see_also: - kt/redeem @@ -877,6 +1242,9 @@ bold: bookoflife: see_also: - kt/lamb +bread: + aliases: + - 'bread of the presence' breastplate: see_also: - kt/priest @@ -891,6 +1259,8 @@ bronze: - other/armor - kt/tabernacle - kt/temple + aliases: + - bronz burntoffering: see_also: - other/altar @@ -899,6 +1269,9 @@ burntoffering: bury: see_also: - other/tomb + aliases: + - buried + - 'burial place' caiaphas: see_also: - kt/highpriest @@ -917,6 +1290,8 @@ carmel: see_also: - other/elijah - other/baal + aliases: + - Carmelitess castout: aliases: - 'drive out' @@ -934,6 +1309,14 @@ chaff: chariot: aliases: - chariots +cherethites: + see_also: + - other/benaiah + - other/philistines + - other/david +chief: + see_also: + - kt/priest chronicles: see_also: - other/exile @@ -946,17 +1329,33 @@ clan: see_also: - other/family - other/tribe + aliases: + - clans comfort: see_also: - kt/holyspirit + - other/encourage command: aliases: + - Yahweh - commandment + - commandments commander: see_also: - other/command - other/ruler - other/centurion +commit: + see_also: + - kt/adultery + - kt/promise + - other/oath + - kt/sin + - kt/faithful +conceive: + see_also: + - other/creation + - other/womb confirm: see_also: - kt/trust @@ -965,6 +1364,12 @@ confirm: contempt: see_also: - other/dishonor +counselor: + aliases: + - advise + - advice + - advised + - counsel courtyard: see_also: - kt/temple @@ -973,6 +1378,8 @@ courtyard: cow: aliases: - calf + - bul + - bull creature: see_also: - other/creation @@ -1010,9 +1417,16 @@ darius: - other/daniel - other/ezra - other/nehemiah +david: + see_also: + - other/goliath + - other/philistines + - other/saul declare: see_also: - other/proclaim + aliases: + - declaration decree: see_also: - other/law @@ -1025,13 +1439,24 @@ defile: - kt/clean aliases: - 'be defiled' + - desecrate delilah: see_also: - other/philistines - other/samson +descendant: + aliases: + - decendants + - descend + - descendants desert: aliases: - wilderness +desolate: + see_also: + - other/desert + - other/ruin + - other/waste destiny: see_also: - other/johnthebaptist @@ -1045,12 +1470,20 @@ destroyer: - kt/angel - kt/son - kt/firstborn +detestable: + see_also: + - other/divination devastated: aliases: - devastate discernment: see_also: - kt/wise +disgrace: + see_also: + - other/dishonor + - other/honor + - other/shame dishonor: see_also: - other/honor @@ -1061,12 +1494,17 @@ disperse: see_also: - other/persecute - kt/believer +divination: + aliases: + - diviner dove: see_also: - other/olive dung: see_also: - kt/gate + aliases: + - feces earth: see_also: - kt/world @@ -1077,6 +1515,7 @@ edom: - other/esau egypt: aliases: + - Egyptia - Egyptian ekron: see_also: @@ -1084,6 +1523,12 @@ ekron: - other/beelzebul - other/arkofthecovenant - kt/falsegod +eleazar: + see_also: + - other/aaron + - kt/highpriest + - other/david + - other/mighty eliakim: see_also: - other/jehoiakim @@ -1101,9 +1546,23 @@ elisha: encourage: see_also: - kt/exhort +engedi: + see_also: + - other/fountain + - kt/rest + - other/desert + - other/judah + - other/saltsea + - other/david + - other/saul + - other/stronghold + - other/vineyard ephod: see_also: - kt/priest +ephraim: + aliases: + - Ephraimites esau: see_also: - other/isaac @@ -1116,6 +1575,12 @@ esther: - other/mordecai - other/persia - other/babylon +ethiopia: + see_also: + - other/cush + - other/egypt + - other/eunuch + - other/philip evildoer: see_also: - kt/evil @@ -1137,6 +1602,8 @@ falseprophet: - kt/prophet falsewitness: aliases: + - 'false witness' + - 'false testimony' - 'false report' family: see_also: @@ -1148,6 +1615,8 @@ father: - kt/sonofgod aliases: - fathers + - forefather + - ancestor feast: see_also: - other/festival @@ -1156,6 +1625,9 @@ fellowshipoffering: - other/guiltoffering - other/burntoffering - other/grainoffering + aliases: + - 'fellowshipoffering -fellowship offering' + - 'peace offering' festival: see_also: - other/feast @@ -1168,6 +1640,7 @@ flock: foreigner: aliases: - stranger + - foreigners - foreign foundation: see_also: @@ -1183,6 +1656,12 @@ freewilloffering: - other/sinoffering - other/guiltoffering - other/grainoffering + aliases: + - 'freewilloffering -freewill offering' +furnace: + see_also: + - other/idol + - other/image gabriel: see_also: - kt/angel @@ -1199,6 +1678,14 @@ gath: - other/ashkelon - other/ashdod - other/goliath +geshur: + aliases: + - Geshurites +gibeah: + see_also: + - other/benjamin + - other/bethel + - other/jerusalem gilead: see_also: - other/manasseh @@ -1208,11 +1695,15 @@ gilgal: - other/jericho - other/elisha - other/elijah +gird: + see_also: + - other/loins glean: see_also: - kt/harvest goat: see_also: + - other/sacrifice - other/sheep golgotha: see_also: @@ -1236,6 +1727,12 @@ grainoffering: - other/guiltoffering - other/sinoffering - other/sacrifice +grape: + aliases: + - raisin +groan: + see_also: + - other/cry guiltoffering: see_also: - other/sinoffering @@ -1243,7 +1740,9 @@ guiltoffering: - other/grainoffering hades: see_also: + - kt/heaven - kt/hell + - other/tomb hagar: see_also: - other/abraham @@ -1253,20 +1752,19 @@ haggai: - other/kingdomofjudah - other/babylon hamath: - see_also: - - other/nebuchadnezzar - - other/babylon - - other/canaan - - other/syria - - other/hittite + aliases: + - Lebo-Hamath hananiah: see_also: - other/azariah - - mishael + - other/mishael - other/daniel - other/babylon - other/jeremiah - other/falseprophet +hand: + aliases: + - hands hard: see_also: - other/heart @@ -1283,6 +1781,9 @@ haughty: heal: see_also: - kt/miracle +hebrew: + aliases: + - 'Jews'' language' heir: see_also: - kt/inherit @@ -1300,6 +1801,16 @@ highplaces: - other/idol - kt/worship - other/altar +hilkiah: + see_also: + - other/eliakim + - other/hezekiah + - kt/highpriest + - other/josiah + - other/kingdomofjudah + - other/law + - kt/worship + - kt/yahweh hivite: see_also: - other/canaan @@ -1308,17 +1819,13 @@ hivite: holycity: see_also: - kt/heaven -honey: - see_also: - - other/jonathan - - other/samson - - other/philistines - - other/johnthebaptist honor: see_also: - other/dishonor - kt/glory - kt/glorify + aliases: + - respect hooves: see_also: - other/cow @@ -1331,6 +1838,19 @@ hooves: horeb: see_also: - other/sinai +horn: + see_also: + - other/cow + - other/sheep + - other/goat + - other/trumpet + - kt/power + - kt/authority + - other/royal +horror: + see_also: + - kt/fear + - other/terror horse: see_also: - other/chariot @@ -1347,8 +1867,20 @@ hoshea: house: see_also: - other/descendant + - other/household - kt/temple - other/kingdomofisrael +houseofdavid: + see_also: + - other/house +humble: + aliases: + - humbles +humiliate: + see_also: + - other/disgrace + - other/humble + - other/shame idol: see_also: - kt/falsegod @@ -1359,12 +1891,27 @@ image: - other/idol - kt/falsegod - kt/god + - kt/imageofgod aliases: + - 'carved idols' - 'carved figure' + - 'cast metal figure' +instruct: + see_also: + - other/command + - other/decree + - other/teach + aliases: + - instruction integrity: see_also: - other/josephot - other/daniel +interpret: + see_also: + - other/babylon + - other/daniel + - kt/prophet isaac: see_also: - other/abraham @@ -1383,6 +1930,10 @@ israel: issachar: see_also: - other/12tribesofisrael +jacob: + see_also: + - kt/covenant + - other/12tribesofisrael jamesbrotherofjesus: see_also: - kt/apostle @@ -1402,6 +1953,13 @@ jehoiakim: - other/jeremiah - other/kingdomofjudah - other/nebuchadnezzar +jehoram: + see_also: + - other/jehoshaphat + - other/joram + - other/judah + - other/ahab + - other/kingdomofisrael jehoshaphat: see_also: - kt/priest @@ -1423,6 +1981,10 @@ jehu: jeremiah: see_also: - kt/prophet +jeroboam: + see_also: + - other/kingdomofisrael + - other/kingdomofjudah jerusalem: see_also: - other/david @@ -1446,6 +2008,20 @@ jezebel: - other/ahab - other/elijah - other/idol +jezreel: + see_also: + - other/ahab + - other/elijah + - other/issachar + - other/jezebel + - other/palace + - other/saltsea + aliases: + - Jezreelitess +joab: + see_also: + - other/absalom + - other/david joash: see_also: - other/gideon @@ -1465,6 +2041,15 @@ jonathan: - other/saul - other/david - other/jeremiah +joram: + see_also: + - other/ahab + - other/jehoram + - other/jezebel + - other/kingdomofjudah +jordanriver: + aliases: + - Jordan joshua: see_also: - other/moses @@ -1490,16 +2075,33 @@ judah: - other/jew - other/judea - other/jacob + aliases: + - terror + - favor + - horse + - silver + - declaration judasiscariot: see_also: - - kt/apostle - - kt/betray + - other/judassonofjames +judassonofjames: + see_also: + - james + - other/judasiscariot + - james + - kt/thetwelve judgeposition: see_also: - kt/judge kadesh: see_also: - other/syria +kedar: + see_also: + - other/arabia + - other/goat + - other/ishmael + - other/sacrifice kedesh: see_also: - other/canaan @@ -1514,19 +2116,37 @@ kingdom: - other/kingdomofjudah - other/judah - kt/priest +kingdomofisrael: + aliases: + - 'Kingdom of Israel' kingdomofjudah: aliases: - - 'kingdom of Judah' - Judah + - 'Kingdom of Judah' + - 'kingdom of Judah' know: + see_also: + - kt/reveal aliases: + - known - knowledge +korah: + see_also: + - other/aaron + - kt/authority + - other/caleb + - other/descendant + - other/esau + - kt/priest laban: see_also: - other/jacob - other/nahor - other/leah - other/rachel +labor: + aliases: + - labored laborpains: aliases: - 'birth pains' @@ -1554,18 +2174,39 @@ lebanon: see_also: - other/phonecia - other/cedar +leopard: + see_also: + - other/beast +leviathan: + see_also: + - other/isaiah + - other/job + - other/serpent levite: see_also: - kt/priest - kt/temple - other/12tribesofisrael -like: +locust: see_also: - - kt/imageofgod - - other/image + - other/plague + - other/israel + - other/captive + - other/egypt + - other/johnthebaptist +loins: + see_also: + - other/descendant + - other/gird lot: see_also: - other/abraham +lover: + see_also: + - kt/adultery + - other/idol + - kt/falsegod + - kt/love lowly: see_also: - other/humble @@ -1576,6 +2217,10 @@ lute: magistrate: see_also: - other/judgeposition +magnify: + see_also: + - kt/exalt + - kt/glorify malachi: see_also: - other/nehemiah @@ -1585,9 +2230,18 @@ malachi: - other/captive manasseh: see_also: - - other/ephraim - other/altar + - other/dan + - other/ephraim + - other/ezra - other/12tribesofisrael + - other/idol + - other/jacob + - other/judah +manofgod: + see_also: + - kt/prophet + - other/honor mary: see_also: - kt/jesus @@ -1609,17 +2263,35 @@ mede: mediator: see_also: - kt/priest +melt: + see_also: + - other/heart +memphis: + see_also: + - other/egypt + - other/nileriver messenger: see_also: - kt/prophet - kt/apostle - kt/angel +michael: + see_also: + - kt/angel + - other/messenger mind: see_also: - other/heart - kt/soul - kt/believe - kt/believer +mishael: + see_also: + - other/aaron + - other/azariah + - other/babylon + - other/daniel + - other/hananiah mizpah: see_also: - other/kingdomofjudah @@ -1628,6 +2300,10 @@ mizpah: - other/judah - other/david - other/saul +mock: + aliases: + - ridicule + - insult mold: see_also: - kt/falsegod @@ -1641,6 +2317,10 @@ mordecai: moses: see_also: - kt/promisedland +mounthermon: + see_also: + - other/israel + - other/seaofgalilee mystery: aliases: - 'hidden things' @@ -1652,9 +2332,17 @@ naphtali: see_also: - other/12tribesofisrael - other/jacob +nation: + aliases: + - nations nazareth: see_also: - kt/christ +nazirite: + see_also: + - other/samson + - other/sacrifice + - kt/vow negev: see_also: - other/abraham @@ -1664,6 +2352,9 @@ nehemiah: newmoon: see_also: - other/earth +nileriver: + aliases: + - 'Nile River' oak: see_also: - kt/holy @@ -1671,6 +2362,7 @@ oath: see_also: - kt/vow aliases: + - swear - swore obadiah: see_also: @@ -1678,7 +2370,7 @@ obadiah: - other/esau - other/ezekiel - other/daniel - - zedekiah + - other/zedekiah obey: aliases: - obedience @@ -1689,6 +2381,15 @@ offspring: oil: see_also: - other/olive +omri: + see_also: + - other/ahab + - other/israel + - other/jeroboam + - other/tirzah +onhigh: + aliases: + - 'on high' ordinance: see_also: - other/command @@ -1696,16 +2397,25 @@ ordinance: - kt/lawofmoses - other/ordinance - other/statute +overtake: + see_also: + - other/prey ox: see_also: - other/yoke - other/cow + aliases: + - oxen paddanaram: see_also: - other/haran - other/rebekah - other/abraham - other/canaan +pagan: + see_also: + - kt/falsegod + - other/sacrifice pardon: see_also: - kt/forgive @@ -1719,7 +2429,18 @@ patient: - kt/endure peoplegroup: aliases: + - 'burnt offering' + - 'people group' - people + - 'poor (the poor)' + - 'people of Israel' +peor: + see_also: + - other/saltsea + - other/moab + - other/baal + - kt/falsegod + - kt/worship persecute: see_also: - kt/christian @@ -1727,6 +2448,10 @@ persecute: persia: see_also: - other/esther +perverse: + see_also: + - kt/evil + - kt/turn peter: see_also: - kt/disciple @@ -1748,21 +2473,47 @@ philistia: - other/philistines - other/gaza - other/joppa +phinehas: + see_also: + - other/arkofthecovenant + - other/jordanriver + - other/midian + - other/philistines + - other/samuel +pierce: + see_also: + - kt/cross + - kt/jesus + - other/servant pillar: see_also: - other/foundation + - other/idol + - other/image pit: see_also: - other/abyss - other/prison - kt/hell +plead: + aliases: + - pleading + - petition pledge: see_also: - kt/promise - kt/vow +plow: + see_also: + - other/ox +pomegranate: + see_also: + - other/egypt possess: see_also: - other/canaan + aliases: + - possessions potiphar: see_also: - other/josephot @@ -1772,16 +2523,44 @@ potiphar: praise: see_also: - kt/worship + aliases: + - Asaph +pray: + aliases: + - prayer preach: see_also: - kt/jesus - kt/kingdomofgod +prey: + see_also: + - kt/oppress +prince: + see_also: + - kt/angel + - kt/authority + - kt/christ + - kt/demon + - kt/lord + - kt/power + - other/ruler + - kt/savior + - kt/spirit proclaim: aliases: - proclamation profane: see_also: - kt/holy +prosper: + see_also: + - kt/bless + - kt/spirit + aliases: + - prosperity +prostrate: + see_also: + - kt/bow proud: see_also: - other/humble @@ -1789,10 +2568,25 @@ proverb: see_also: - kt/wise - kt/true +prudent: + see_also: + - kt/wise +purple: + see_also: + - other/philippi + - other/royal +push: + see_also: + - kt/oppress + - other/persecute + - other/reject rabbah: see_also: - other/david - other/ammon +rage: + aliases: + - raged reap: see_also: - kt/harvest @@ -1802,9 +2596,25 @@ rebekah: redsea: see_also: - kt/promisedland +reed: + see_also: + - other/egypt + - other/moses + - other/nileriver +reject: + see_also: + - other/command + - other/disobey + - other/obey + aliases: + - rejection + - 'push away' rejoice: see_also: - kt/joy + aliases: + - rejoices + - exult reuben: see_also: - other/12tribesofisrael @@ -1814,6 +2624,10 @@ reverence: see_also: - kt/fear - other/obey +rimmon: + see_also: + - other/judea + - other/zebulun robe: see_also: - other/tunic @@ -1824,13 +2638,18 @@ royal: see_also: - other/king - other/queen +ruin: + aliases: + - rubble ruler: see_also: - other/king - other/governor - other/synagogue + - kt/authority aliases: - rule + - rulers sackcloth: aliases: - 'sackcloth and ashes' @@ -1844,6 +2663,8 @@ sacrifice: - other/sinoffering - other/drinkoffering aliases: + - 'sacrifice -sacrifice' + - offering - sacrificing sadducee: see_also: @@ -1851,9 +2672,20 @@ sadducee: - other/pharisee - kt/priest - other/council +saltsea: + see_also: + - other/ammon + - other/arabah + - other/jordanriver + - other/moab + - other/negev samaria: see_also: - other/assyria + - other/galilee + - other/judea + - other/sharon + - other/kingdomofisrael samson: see_also: - kt/deliverer @@ -1864,19 +2696,42 @@ samuel: sarah: see_also: - other/abraham +scepter: + see_also: + - kt/righteous scribe: see_also: - kt/lawofmoses scroll: see_also: - kt/wordofgod +seacow: + see_also: + - other/cow + - other/ox + aliases: + - 'Sea cow' seal: see_also: - kt/holyspirit aliases: - 'keep secret' +seek: + see_also: + - kt/justice + - kt/true +send: + aliases: + - 'sent out' +sennacherib: + see_also: + - other/assyria + - other/babylon + - other/kingdomofjudah + - other/nineveh servant: aliases: + - Yahweh - slave - slavery sex: @@ -1885,10 +2740,15 @@ sex: - 'sleep with' shame: aliases: + - ashamed - disgrace - shameful - - ashamed - disgraceful +sheba: + see_also: + - other/arabia + - other/ethiopia + - other/solomon sheep: aliases: - ram @@ -1899,6 +2759,11 @@ shiloh: - other/jerusalem aliases: - Shilonite +shimei: + see_also: + - other/absalom + - other/benjamin + - other/levite sidon: see_also: - other/canaan @@ -1911,6 +2776,11 @@ simeon: - other/jacob - other/canaan - other/judah +simonthezealot: + see_also: + - kt/apostle + - kt/disciple + - kt/thetwelve sinai: see_also: - kt/promisedland @@ -1919,8 +2789,7 @@ sinoffering: - kt/sin sister: see_also: - - kt/brother - - kt/inchrist + - kt/spirit skull: see_also: - other/golgotha @@ -1930,6 +2799,15 @@ slain: slaughter: see_also: - other/slain + aliases: + - slaughtered +snare: + see_also: + - kt/tempt + - kt/satan +snow: + see_also: + - kt/purify solomon: see_also: - other/david @@ -1937,6 +2815,13 @@ solomon: - kt/temple - other/israel - other/judah +sorcery: + see_also: + - kt/adultery + - kt/demon + - other/divination + - other/magic + - other/sacrifice splendor: see_also: - kt/glory @@ -1955,8 +2840,20 @@ statute: aliases: - statutes stiffnecked: + see_also: + - other/proud aliases: - stiff-necked +storehouse: + see_also: + - kt/consecrate + - other/dedicate + - other/famine + - other/grain + - kt/temple +strength: + see_also: + - kt/faithful strongdrink: see_also: - other/wine @@ -1966,7 +2863,9 @@ stronghold: - kt/refuge - kt/falsegod aliases: + - fortress - fortified + - 'fortified city' stumble: see_also: - other/stumblingblock @@ -1976,6 +2875,11 @@ subject: submit: see_also: - other/subject +sweep: + see_also: + - other/assyria + - other/isaiah + - other/judah synagogue: see_also: - kt/temple @@ -1987,14 +2891,22 @@ tamar: tax: see_also: - other/taxcollector +teach: + see_also: + - kt/teacher + - kt/wordofgod + - other/instruct tencommandments: see_also: - kt/lawofmoses tent: see_also: + - other/curtain - kt/tabernacle - other/abraham - other/sinai + aliases: + - 'tent of meeting' tentofmeeting: see_also: - kt/priest @@ -2004,6 +2916,30 @@ tentofmeeting: terah: see_also: - other/abraham +terror: + aliases: + - terrors +thief: + see_also: + - kt/satan +thorn: + see_also: + - other/crown +thresh: + aliases: + - 'threshing floor' +time: + see_also: + - other/age + - other/biblicaltime + - other/tribulation +tirzah: + see_also: + - other/canaan + - kt/inherit + - other/kingdomofisrael + - other/manasseh + - other/shechem tomb: see_also: - kt/death @@ -2011,12 +2947,22 @@ tomb: tongue: aliases: - language +torment: + see_also: + - other/beast tradition: see_also: - kt/lawofmoses +trample: + see_also: + - other/humiliate + - other/thresh trance: see_also: - other/vision +tremble: + see_also: + - kt/fear trial: see_also: - kt/tempt @@ -2026,6 +2972,7 @@ trial: tribe: see_also: - other/clan + - other/nation - other/peoplegroup - other/12tribesofisrael tribulation: @@ -2038,23 +2985,52 @@ trouble: see_also: - kt/afflict - other/persecute +trumpet: + see_also: + - other/horn + aliases: + - horn +understand: + see_also: + - other/know + - kt/wise + - kt/believe uzziah: see_also: - other/kingdomofjudah - other/king + aliases: + - Amaziah +vain: + see_also: + - other/idol + - kt/worthy +vashti: + see_also: + - other/ahasuerus + - other/esther + - other/persia virgin: see_also: - kt/christ - kt/jesus -water: +watchtower: + aliases: + - tower +wheat: see_also: - - kt/life - - kt/spirit - - kt/holyspirit - - kt/power + - other/barley + - other/grain + - other/thresh winepress: see_also: - other/grape +wisemen: + see_also: + - other/babylon + - other/daniel + - other/mediterranean + - other/nebuchadnezzar written: see_also: - kt/lawofmoses @@ -2070,13 +3046,34 @@ zadok: zebulun: see_also: - other/12tribesofisrael -zion: +zechariahot: see_also: - - other/abraham - - other/david - - other/jerusalem - - other/bethlehem - - other/jebusites + - other/darius + - other/ezra + - other/jehoshaphat + - other/nehemiah + - other/zerubbabel +zedekiah: + see_also: + - other/nebuchadnezzar + - other/jeremiah + - other/ezekiel +zephaniah: + see_also: + - other/josiah +zerubbabel: + see_also: + - other/judah + - other/babylon + - other/captive + - other/cyrus + - other/ezra + - other/persia + - kt/highpriest + - other/jehoiakim + - other/joshua + - other/nehemiah + - other/zedekiah zoar: see_also: - other/lot diff --git a/bible/kt/abomination/01.md b/bible/kt/abomination/01.md index 3c5ebe4d..27955774 100644 --- a/bible/kt/abomination/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/abomination/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -An abomination is something that causes disgust or extreme dislike. +The term "abomination" is used to refer to something that causes disgust or extreme dislike. * The Egyptians considered the Hebrew people to be an "abomination." This means that the Egyptians disliked the Hebrews and didn't want to associate with them or be near them. * Some of the things that the Bible calls "an abomination to Yahweh" include: lying, pride, sacrificing humans, worship of idols, murder, and sexual sins such as adultery and homosexual acts. -* In teaching his disciples about the end times, Jesus referred to a prophecy by the prophet Daniel about an "abomination of desolation" that would be set up as a defilement and rebellion against God. +* In teaching his disciples about the end times, Jesus referred to a prophecy by the prophet Daniel about an "abomination of desolation" that would be set up as a rebellion against God, defiling his place of worship. ## Translation Suggestions -* Ways to translate the phrase, "is an abomination to" could include, "is disgusting to" or "is totally unacceptable to" or "is completely repugnant to" or "is hated by." -* When "an abomination" refers to a thing it could be translated by, "an abhorrent thing" or "something disgusting." +* The term "abomination" could also be translated by, "abhorrent thing" or "something disgusting" or "disgusting practice" or "very evil action." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate the phrase, "is an abomination to" could include: "is disgusting to" or "is totally unacceptable to" or "is completely repugnant to." * The phrase "abomination of desolation" could be translated by, "defiling object that causes people to be destroyed" or "disgusting thing that causes great sorrow." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/adoption/01.md b/bible/kt/adoption/01.md index b91c03f0..938af88a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/adoption/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/adoption/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ ## Definition -The term "adoption" refers to the process or action of someone legally or formally becoming the child of people who are not the biological parents. +The term "adoption" refers to the process of someone legally becoming the child of people who are not his biological parents. * The Bible uses "adoption" and "adopt" in a figurative way to describe how God causes people to be part of his family, making them his spiritual sons and daughters. -* As adopted children, believers are co-heirs along with Jesus Christ, having a right to all the privileges of sons and daughters of God. +* As adopted children, believers are co-heirs with Jesus Christ, having a right to all the privileges of sons and daughters of God. ## Translation Suggestions -* This term could be translated with a term that the target language uses to describe this special parent-child relationship. Make sure it is understood that this has a figurative or spiritual meaning. -* The phrase, "experience adoption as sons" could be translated as, "become God's \ No newline at end of file +* This term could be translated with a term that the language of translation uses to describe this special parent-child relationship. Make sure it is understood that this has a figurative or spiritual meaning. +* The phrase, "experience adoption as sons" could be translated as, "be adopted by God as his children" or "become God's \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/adultery/01.md b/bible/kt/adultery/01.md index e007f772..b3c5e3eb 100644 --- a/bible/kt/adultery/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/adultery/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -Adultery is when a married person has sexual relations with someone who is not his spouse. The term "adulterous" describes a person who commits this sin. +The term "adultery" refers to a sin that involves a married person having sexual relations with someone who is not his spouse. The term "adulterous" describes this kind of behavior or the person who commits this sin. -* An "adulterer" is a person who sins by committing adultery. The term "adulteress" is often used to refer specifically to woman who commits adultery. +* The term "adulterer" refers generally to any person who commits adultery. +* Sometimes the term "adulteress" is used to specify that it was a woman who committed adultery. * Adultery breaks the promises that a husband and wife made to each other in their covenant of marriage. * God commanded the Israelites to not commit adultery. * The term "adulterous" is often used in a figurative sense to describe the people of Israel as being unfaithful to God, especially when they worshiped false gods. @@ -14,5 +15,5 @@ Adultery is when a married person has sexual relations with someone who is not h -* If the target language does not have one word that means "adultery," this term could be translated with a phrase such as, "having sexual relations with someone else's wife." +* If the target language does not have one word that means "adultery," this term could be translated with a phrase such as, "having sexual relations with someone else's wife" or "being intimate with another person's spouse." * Some languages may have an indirect way of talking about adultery, such as "sleeping with someone else's spouse" or "being unfaithful to one's wife." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/afflict/01.md b/bible/kt/afflict/01.md index cfa1e0e4..8924ffa7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/afflict/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/afflict/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,18 @@ ## Definition -To "afflict" is to cause someone mental or physical distress. An "affliction" is the disease, emotional grief, or other disaster that results from this. +The term "afflict" means to cause someone distress or suffering. An "affliction" is the disease, emotional grief, or other disaster that results from this. * God afflicted his people with sickness or other hardships in order to cause them to repent of their sins and turn back to him. -* God caused afflictions to come on the people of Egypt because their king refused to obey God. +* God caused afflictions or plagues to come on the people of Egypt because their king refused to obey God. ## Translation Suggestions -* To afflict someone could be translated as "cause someone to experience difficulty" or "cause distress" or "cause suffering to come." -* Depending on the context, the term "affliction" could be translated as "calamity" or "sickness" or "distress." \ No newline at end of file +* To afflict someone could be translated as "cause someone to experience troubles" or "cause someone to suffer" or "cause suffering to come." +* In certain contexts "afflict" could be translated as "happen to" or "come to" or "bring suffering." +* A phrase like, "afflict someone with leprosy" could be translated as, "cause someone to be sick with leprosy." +* When a disease or disaster is sent to "afflict" people or animals, this could be translated as "cause suffering to." +* Depending on the context, the term "affliction" could be translated as "calamity" or "sickness" or "suffering" or "great distress." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/almighty/01.md b/bible/kt/almighty/01.md index 5c525859..3fc55a39 100644 --- a/bible/kt/almighty/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/almighty/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ ## Facts -The term "Almighty" literally means "all-powerful" and in the Bible, it always refers to God. +The term "Almighty" literally means "all-powerful"; in the Bible, it always refers to God. -* The phrase "the Almighty" or "the Almighty One" are titles that reveal that God has complete power and authority over everything. -* "Almighty God" or "God Almighty" are other titles for God that use this term. +* The titles "the Almighty" or "the Almighty One" refer to God and reveal that he has complete power and authority over everything. +* This term is also used to describe God in the titles, "Almighty God" or "God Almighty" or "Lord Almighty" or "Lord God Almighty." ## Translation Suggestions -* This term could also be translated as "All-powerful" or "Completely Powerful One" or "God, who is completely powerful." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could also be translated as "All-powerful" or "Completely Powerful One" or "God, who is completely powerful." +* Ways to translate the phrase "Lord God Almighty" could include, "God, the Powerful Ruler" or "Powerful Sovereign God" or "Mighty God who is Master over everything." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/amen/01.md b/bible/kt/amen/01.md index 032e858f..78c8d561 100644 --- a/bible/kt/amen/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/amen/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -The term "amen" is a word used to emphasize or call attention to what a person has said. +The term "amen" is a word used to emphasize or call attention to what a person has said. It is often translated as "truly" when Jesus says it. * When used at the end of a prayer, "amen" communicates agreement with the prayer or expresses a desire that the prayer be fulfilled. * In his teaching, Jesus used "amen" to affirm what he just said. He often followed that by "And I say to you" to introduce another teaching that related to what he just said. @@ -13,5 +13,7 @@ The term "amen" is a word used to emphasize or call attention to what a person h -* The word "amen" can be translated as, "let it be so" or "may this happen" or "that's right." -* Consider whether the target language has a special word or phrase that is used to emphasize something that has been said. \ No newline at end of file +* Consider whether the target language has a special word or phrase that is used to emphasize something that has been said. +* When used at the end of a prayer or to confirm something, "amen" could be translated as, "let it be so" or "may this happen" or "that is true." +* When Jesus says, "truly I tell you," this could also be translated as, "I tell you sincerely" or "That is true, and I also tell you." +* The phrase, "truly, truly I tell you" could be translated as "I tell you this very sincerely" or "I tell you this very earnestly" or "what I am telling you is true." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/angel/01.md b/bible/kt/angel/01.md index 59952340..014c92ab 100644 --- a/bible/kt/angel/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/angel/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,23 @@ -# angel +# angel, archangel ## Definition -An angel is a powerful spirit being whom God created. These spirit beings exist to serve God by doing whatever he tells them to do. +An angel is a powerful spirit being whom God created. Angels exist to serve God by doing whatever he tells them to do. The term "archangel" refers to the angel who rules or leads all the other angels. -* The word for "angel" means "messenger." -* In the Bible, angels gave messages to people from God about things he wanted them to do. Angels also told people about events that were going to happen in the future or events that had already happened. -* Angels have God's authority as his representatives and sometimes in the Bible they would speak as if it were God himself speaking. +* The word "angel" literally means "messenger." +* The term "archangel" literally means "chief messenger." The only angel referred to in the Bible as an "archangel" is Michael. +* In the Bible, angels gave messages to people from God. These messages included instructions about what God wanted the people to do. +* Angels also told people about events that were going to happen in the future or events that had already happened. +* Angels have God's authority as his representatives and sometimes in the Bible they spoke as if God himself was speaking. * Other ways that angels serve God is by protecting and strengthening people. +* A special phrase, "angel of Yahweh" has more than one possible meaning: 1) It may mean "angel who represents Yahweh" or "messenger who serves Yahweh." 2) It may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel's use of "I" as if Yahweh himself was talking. ## Translation Suggestions -* Ways to translate "angel" could include, "messenger from God" or " God's heavenly servant" or "God's spirit messenger." -* Also consider how this term is translated in a national language or another local language. \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate "angel" could include, "messenger from God" or "God's heavenly servant" or "God's spirit messenger." +* The term "archangel" could be translated as "chief angel" or "head ruling angel" or "leader of the angels." +* Also consider how these terms are translated in a national language or another local language. +* The phrase "angel of Yahweh" should be translated using the words for "angel" and "Yahweh." This will allow for different interpretations of that phrase. Possible translations could include, "angel from Yahweh" or "angel sent by Yahweh" or "Yahweh who looked like an angel." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/anoint/01.md b/bible/kt/anoint/01.md index 7307c225..38662742 100644 --- a/bible/kt/anoint/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/anoint/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ ## Definition -The term "anoint" means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, perfumed smell. +The term "anoint" means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, perfumed smell. The term is also used figuratively to refer to the Holy Spirit choosing and empowering someone. * In the Old Testament, priests, kings, and prophets were anointed with oil to set them apart for special service to God. * Objects such as altars or the tabernacle, were also anointed with oil to show that they were to be used to worship and glorify God. * In the New Testament, sick people were anointed with oil for their healing. * The New Testament records two times that Jesus was anointed with perfumed oil by a woman, as an act of worship. One time Jesus commented that in doing this she was preparing him for his future burial. * After Jesus died, his friends prepared his body for burial by anointing it with oils and spices. -* The titles "Messiah" +* The titles "Messiah" (Hebrew) and "Christ" (Greek) mean "the Anointed (One)." +* Jesus the Messiah is the one who was chosen and anointed as a Prophet, High Priest, and King. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,5 +18,6 @@ The term "anoint" means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the * Depending on the context, the term "anoint" could be translated as "pour oil on" or "put oil on" or "consecrate by pouring perfumed oil on." -* To "be anointed" could be translated as "be consecrated with oil." -* A phrase like "the anointed priest," could be translated as "the priest who was consecrated with oil" or " the priest who was set apart by the pouring on of oil." \ No newline at end of file +* To "be anointed" could be translated as "be consecrated with oil." or "be apointed" or "be consecrated." +* In some contexts the term "anoint" could be translated as "appoint." +* A phrase like "the anointed priest," could be translated as "the priest who was consecrated with oil" or "the priest who was set apart by the pouring on of oil." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/antichrist/01.md b/bible/kt/antichrist/01.md index bf01dcfd..0022b5c4 100644 --- a/bible/kt/antichrist/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/antichrist/01.md @@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ The term "antichrist" refers to a person or teaching that is against Jesus Christ and his work. There are many antichrists in the world. -* The apostle John wrote that a person is antichrist if he deceives people by saying that Jesus is not the Messiah or if he denies that Jesus is both God and human. +* The apostle John wrote that a person is the antichrist if he deceives people by saying that Jesus is not the Messiah or if he denies that Jesus is both God and human. * The Bible also teaches that there is a general spirit of antichrist in the world which opposes Jesus' work. -* The New Testament book of Revelation explains that there will be a man called the "antichrist" who will be revealed in the end times. This man will be empowered by Satan to attempt to destroy God's people, but he will be defeated by Jesus. +* The New Testament book of Revelation explains that there will be a man called "the antichrist" who will be revealed in the end times. This man will attempt to destroy God's people, but he will be defeated by Jesus. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ The term "antichrist" refers to a person or teaching that is against Jesus Chris * Other ways to translate this term could include a word or phrase that means, "Christ-opposer" or "enemy of Christ" or "person who is against Christ." -* The phrase, "spirit of the anti-christ" could also be translated as, "spirit that is against Christ" or " \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase, "spirit of the antichrist" could also be translated as, "spirit that is against Christ" or " \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/apostle/01.md b/bible/kt/apostle/01.md index de37536a..98ac0a66 100644 --- a/bible/kt/apostle/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/apostle/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The apostles were men sent by Jesus to preach about God and his kingdom. His twelve closest disciples became the first apostles. +The "apostles" were men sent by Jesus to preach about God and his kingdom. The term "apostleship" refers to the position and authority of those who were chosen as apostles. -* The word "apostle" means, "someone who is sent out for a special purpose." The one who is sent has the same authority as the one sending him. -* Jesus chose twelve apostles from among his followers, and gave these apostles special responsibilities. The apostles had a closer relationship to Jesus than his other disciples did. -* The New Testament also refers to some people were sent out to preach as "apostles" even though they were not members of "the twelve" apostles. +* The word "apostle" means, "someone who is sent out for a special purpose." The apostle has the same authority as the one who sent him. +* Jesus' twelve closest disciples became the first apostles. Other men, such as Paul and James, also became apostles. * By God's power, the apostles were able to boldly preach the gospel and heal people, including forcing demons to come out of people. -* The twelve apostles had the same authority as Jesus, who sent them out. -* The term "apostleship" refers to the position and authority of those who were chosen as apostles. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/appoint/01.md b/bible/kt/appoint/01.md index a4c04cdd..19a99f1f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/appoint/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/appoint/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,18 @@ -# appoint +# appoint, appointed ## Definition -To appoint means to choose someone to do a specific task or to fulfill a special role. To be appointed means to be chosen to do such a task or role. +The terms "appoint" and "appointed" refer to choosing someone to fulfill a specific task or role. -* To be appointed can also refer to being chosen to receive something, as in,"All who were appointed for eternal life believed" +* To "be appointed" can also refer to being "chosen" to receive something, as in,"appointed to eternal life." This means they were chosen to receive eternal life. +* The phrase "appointed time" refers to God's "chosen time" or "planned time" for something to happen. +* The word "appoint" may also mean to "command" or "assign" someone to do something. ## Translation Suggestions -* Often this term can be translated as, "choose" or "assign" or "give," depending on the context. -* The term "appointed" could be translated as, "assigned" or "planned" or "specifically chose." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "appoint" could include, "choose" or "assign" or "formally choose" or "designate." +* The term "appointed" could be translated as, "assigned" or "planned" or "specifically chose." +* The phrase "be appointed" could also be translated as, "be chosen." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/assembly/01.md b/bible/kt/assembly/01.md index 7055b1ce..47b53ab1 100644 --- a/bible/kt/assembly/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/assembly/01.md @@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ The term "assembly" usually refers to a group of people who come together to dis * An assembly can be a group that is organized in an official and somewhat permanent way, or it can be a group of people who come together temporarily for a specific purpose or occasion. * In the Old Testament there was a special kind of assembly called a "sacred assembly" where the people of Israel would gather to worship before the Lord. -* Sometimes the term "assembly" is used to refer to a large gathering of enemy forces. This could translated as "army." +* Also in the Old Testament the term "assembly" sometimes refers to the Israelites in general, as a group. +* Sometimes the term "assembly" is used to refer to a large gathering of enemy soldiers. This could be translated as "army." * In the New Testament, the Jewish judicial assembly or council was also known as the "Sanhedrin." @@ -14,4 +15,6 @@ The term "assembly" usually refers to a group of people who come together to dis -* Depending on the context, "assembly" could also be translated as "special gathering" or "congregation" or "council" or "army." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, "assembly" could also be translated as "special gathering" or "congregation" or "council" or "army." +* When the term "assembly" refers in general to the Israelites as a group, it could also be translated as "community" or "group of people" or "people of Israel." +* The phrase, "all the assembly" could be translated as "all the people" or "the whole group of Israelites" or "everyone." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/astray/01.md b/bible/kt/astray/01.md index 0fefc7b1..fd842e72 100644 --- a/bible/kt/astray/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/astray/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -The phrase "go astray" means to act in a way that is against God's will. People who are "led astray" have allowed other people or circumstances to influence them to disobey God. +The terms "stray" and "go astray" mean to disobey God's will. People who are "led astray" have allowed other people or circumstances to influence them to disobey God. -* The word "astray" gives a picture of leaving a clear path or a place of safety to go down a dangerous path. -* Sheep who leave the pasture of their shepherd have "strayed." God compares sinful people to sheep who have left him and gone astray. +* The word "astray" gives a picture of leaving a clear path or a place of safety to go down a wrong and dangerous path. +* Sheep who leave the pasture of their shepherd have "strayed." God compares sinful people to sheep who have left him and "gone astray." ## Translation Suggestions @@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ The phrase "go astray" means to act in a way that is against God's will. People * The phrase "go astray" could be translated as, "go away from God" or "take a wrong path away from God's will" or "stop obeying God" or "live in a way that goes away from God." -* To "lead someone astray" could be translated as, "cause someone to disobey God" or "influence someone to stop obeying God". \ No newline at end of file +* To "lead someone astray" could be translated as, "cause someone to disobey God" or "influence someone to stop obeying God" or "cause someone to follow you down a wrong path." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/atonement/01.md b/bible/kt/atonement/01.md index 0db17ac1..99eecc14 100644 --- a/bible/kt/atonement/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/atonement/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -The terms "atone" and "atonement" refer to how God provided a sacrifice to pay for or make restitution for people's sins. +The terms "atone" and "atonement" refer to how God provided a sacrifice to pay for people's sins and to appease his wrath for sin. -* In Old Testament times, God allowed temporary atonement to be made for the sins of the Israelites by the offering a blood sacrifice, which involved killing an animal. +* In Old Testament times, God allowed temporary atonement to be made for the sins of the Israelites by the offering of a blood sacrifice, which involved killing an animal. * As recorded in the New Testament, Christ's death on the cross is the only true and permanent atonement for sin. * When Jesus died, he took the punishment that people deserved because of their sin. He paid the atonement price with his sacrificial death. @@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ The terms "atone" and "atonement" refer to how God provided a sacrifice to pay f -* The term "atone" could be translated as "pay for" or "make restitution for." -* Ways to translate "atonement" could include, "restitution" or "restoration" or "payment." +* The term "atone" could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "pay for" or "provide payment for" or "cause someone's sins to be forgiven" or "make amends for a crime." +* Ways to translate "atonement" could include, "payment" or "sacrifice to pay for sin" or "providing the means of forgiveness." * Make sure the translation of this term does not refer to payment of money. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/atonementlid/01.md b/bible/kt/atonementlid/01.md index 04610346..bef9a8fc 100644 --- a/bible/kt/atonementlid/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/atonementlid/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The "atonement lid" was a slab of gold that was used to cover the top of the ark of the covenant. In many English translations, it is also referred to as an "atonement cover." * The atonement lid was about 115 centimeters in length and 70 centimeters in width. -* Above the atonement lid were two gold cherubim with their wings touching. These were a symbol of God's presence and power. +* Above the atonement lid were two gold cherubim with their wings touching. * Yahweh said that he would meet with the Israelites above the atonement lid, under the outstretched wings of the cherubim. Only the high priest was permitted to do this, as the representative of the people. * Sometimes this atonement lid has been referred to as a "mercy seat" because it communicates God's mercy in coming down to redeem sinful human beings. @@ -15,4 +15,5 @@ The "atonement lid" was a slab of gold that was used to cover the top of the ark * Other ways to translate this term could include, "ark covering where God promises to redeem" or "place where God atones" or "lid of ark where God forgives and restores." -* Compare the translation of "atonement" and "redemption." \ No newline at end of file +* Can also mean "place of propitiation." +* Compare this term with how you translated "atonement," "propitiation," and "redemption." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/authority/01.md b/bible/kt/authority/01.md index 9fabe89b..e988b427 100644 --- a/bible/kt/authority/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/authority/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -Authority is the power of influence and control over someone or something. +The term "authority" refers to the power of influence and control that someone has over someone else. -* Governments and some organizations have authority over the persons under them. +* Kings and other governing rulers have authority over the people they are ruling. * The word "authorities" refers to people, governments, or organizations that have authority over others. @@ -12,5 +12,7 @@ Authority is the power of influence and control over someone or something. -* Authority can also be translated as "control" or "right" or "power." -* When "authorities" is used to refer to people or organizations who control, lead, or rule people, it can also be translated as "leaders" or "rulers" or "powers." \ No newline at end of file +* Authority can also be translated as "control" or "right" or "qualifications." +* Sometimes the term "authority" is used with the meaning of "power" or "ability." +* When "authorities" is used to refer to people or organizations who rule people, it can also be translated as "leaders" or "rulers" or "powers." +* The phrase "on his own authority" could also be translated as, "with his own right to lead" or "based on his own qualifications." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/avenge/01.md b/bible/kt/avenge/01.md index be3121f6..66baf147 100644 --- a/bible/kt/avenge/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/avenge/01.md @@ -5,13 +5,16 @@ To "avenge" or "take revenge" is to punish someone in order to pay him back for the harm he did. The act of avenging or taking revenge is "vengeance." * Usually "avenge" implies an intent to see justice done or to right a wrong, -* The idiom "take revenge" or "get revenge" usually involves wanting to punish and get back at the person who hurt us or others. +* When referring to people, the idiom "take revenge" or "get revenge" usually involves wanting to get back at the person who did the harm. +* When God "takes vengeance," he is acting in righteousness because he is punishing sin and rebellion. ## Translation Suggestions -* To "avenge" someone could also be translated as "to right a wrong" or "get justice." -* To "take revenge" could be translated as "to pay back" or "to hurt in order to punish." -* "Vengeance" could be translated as "punishment" or "retaliation." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase, "to "avenge" someone could also be translated as "to right a wrong" or "to get justice for." +* when referring to human beings, to "take revenge" could be translated as "pay back" or "hurt in order to punish" or "get back at." +* Depending on the context, "vengeance" could be translated as "punishment" or "punishment of sin" or "payment for wrongs done." If a word meaning "retaliation" is used, this would apply to human beings only. +* When God says, "take my vengeance," this could be translated by, "punish them for wrongs done against me" or "cause bad things to happen because they have sinned against me." +* When referring to God's vengeance, make sure it is clear that God is right in his punishment of sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/baptize/01.md b/bible/kt/baptize/01.md index 6713f5c4..e292383b 100644 --- a/bible/kt/baptize/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/baptize/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -In the New Testament, the terms “baptize” and “baptism” usually refer to putting water on a believer in Jesus to show he has been cleansed from his sins and that he is now united with Christ. +In the New Testament, the terms “baptize” and “baptism” usually refer to putting water on a Christian to show that he has been cleansed from sin and has been united with Christ. -* Besides water baptism, the Bible talks about being baptized with the Holy Spirit and being baptized with fire. +* Besides water baptism, the Bible talks about being "baptized with the Holy Spirit" and "baptized with fire." * The term baptism is also used in the Bible to refer to going through great suffering. diff --git a/bible/kt/barren/01.md b/bible/kt/barren/01.md index e17cfc36..2f4be2c7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/barren/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/barren/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ To be "barren" means to not be fertile or fruitful. * Soil or land that is barren is not able to produce any plants. -* A woman who is barren is one who does not have any children or who is physically unable to conceive a child. +* A woman who is barren is one who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/believe/01.md b/bible/kt/believe/01.md index 1beac761..7bdb5bc1 100644 --- a/bible/kt/believe/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/believe/01.md @@ -9,4 +9,4 @@ The terms "believe" and "believe in" are closely related, but have slightly diff * To "believe" could be translated as to "know to be true" or "know to be right." -* To "believe in" could be translated as, "trust completely" or "rely on and know to be true." \ No newline at end of file +* To "believe in" could be translated as, "trust completely" or "trust and obey" or "completely rely on and follow." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/believer/01.md b/bible/kt/believer/01.md index 1de7c875..c8e64363 100644 --- a/bible/kt/believer/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/believer/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -A "believer" is a person who trusts completely in a person or an idea. +In the Bible, the term "believer" refers to someone who believes in and relies on Jesus Christ as Savior. -* In the Bible, "believer" specifically refers to someone who believes in and relies on Jesus Christ as Savior. +* The term "believer" literally means "person who believes." * The term "Christian" eventually came to be the main title for believers because it indicates that they believe in Christ and obey his teachings. @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ A "believer" is a person who trusts completely in a person or an idea. -* This term could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "one who trusts in Jesus" or "someone who knows Jesus and lives for him." -* Other ways to translate "believer" could be, "follower of Jesus" or, "people who know and obey Jesus." +* Some translations may prefer to say, "believer in Jesus" or "believer in Christ." +* This term could also be translated by a word or phrase that means, "person who trusts in Jesus" or "someone who knows Jesus and lives for him." +* Other ways to translate "believer" could be, "follower of Jesus" or "person who knows and obeys Jesus." * The term "believer" is a general term for any believer in Christ, while "disciple" and "apostle" were used more specifically for people who knew Jesus while he was alive. It is best to translate these terms in different ways, in order to keep them distinct. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/beloved/01.md b/bible/kt/beloved/01.md index bf7f9ceb..7c5df2ee 100644 --- a/bible/kt/beloved/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/beloved/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -The term "beloved" is an expression of affection that describes someone who is loved and dear to someone else. It literally means "loved +The term "beloved" is an expression of affection that describes someone who is loved and dear to someone else. + +* The term "beloved" literally means "loved (one)" or "(who is) loved." +* God refers to Jesus as his "beloved Son." +* In their letters to Christian churches, the apostles frequently address their fellow believers as "beloved." + ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/betray/01.md b/bible/kt/betray/01.md index a8a58019..66b9067c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/betray/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/betray/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ ## Definition -The term "betray" means to act in a way that deceives or harms someone who was trusting him. A "betrayer" is the one who betrays that friend. +The term "betray" means to act in a way that deceives and harms someone. A "betrayer" is a person who betrays a friend who was trusting him. * Judas was "the betrayer" because he told the Jewish leaders how to capture Jesus. -* The betrayal by Judas was especially evil because he was an apostle of Jesus who received money in exchange for giving the Jewish leaders information that would result in Jesus' unjust death, +* The betrayal by Judas was especially evil because he was an apostle of Jesus who received money in exchange for giving the Jewish leaders information that would result in Jesus' unjust death. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, this could be translated as "deceive and cause harm to" or "turn over to the enemy" or "deal treacherously with." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, the term "betray" could be translated as "deceive and cause harm to" or "turn over to the enemy" or "treat treacherously." +* The term "betrayer" could be translated as "person who betrays" or "double dealer" or "traitor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/birthright/01.md b/bible/kt/birthright/01.md index 2b11da35..f4978662 100644 --- a/bible/kt/birthright/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/birthright/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The term "birthright" in the Bible refers to the honor, family name, and physical wealth that was normally given to the firstborn son in a family. * The birthright of the firstborn son included a double portion of the father's inheritance. -* The birthright of a firstborn son of a king would give him the right to rule after his father died. +* A king's firstborn son was normally given the birthright to rule after his father died. * Esau sold his birthright to his younger brother Jacob. Because of this, Jacob inherited the blessing of the firstborn instead of Esau. * The birthright also included the honor of having the family descendants traced through the firstborn son's line. diff --git a/bible/kt/blasphemy/01.md b/bible/kt/blasphemy/01.md index 073065a6..2516fab3 100644 --- a/bible/kt/blasphemy/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/blasphemy/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, "blasphemy" is speech that shows a deep disrespect for God or people. To blaspheme someone is to speak against that person so that others think something false or bad about him. +In the Bible, the term "blasphemy" refers to speaking in a way that shows a deep disrespect for God or people. To "blaspheme" someone is to speak against that person so that others think something false or bad about him. * Most often, to blaspheme God means to slander or insult him by saying things that are not true about him or by behaving in an immoral way that dishonors him. * It is blasphemy for a human being to claim to be God or to claim that there is a God other than the one true God. @@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ In the Bible, "blasphemy" is speech that shows a deep disrespect for God or peop * To "blaspheme" can be translated as, to "say evil things against" or to "dishonor God" or to "slander." -* Ways to translate "blasphemy" could include, "speaking wrongly of others" or "slander" or "spreading false rumors." \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate "blasphemy" could include, "speaking wrongly about others" or "slander" or "spreading false rumors." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/bless/01.md b/bible/kt/bless/01.md index ba2319c9..7a82ee88 100644 --- a/bible/kt/bless/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/bless/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ To "bless" someone or something means to cause good and beneficial things to hap * In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children. * When people 'bless" God or express a desire that God be blessed, this means they are praising him. * The term "bless" is sometimes used for consecrating food before it is eaten, or for thanking and praising God for the food. - +//from comment below:It is important to not define, focus on, or be confined by applications of the root word of “bless” that suggest primarily the flourishing or abundance of material things or physical wellness. Consider the extensive teachings in Scripture on God's love, mercy and grace that is not only ancient, but current. Consider care, protection, and presence of God's Spirit. And for us to bless God, we can offer thankfulness, appreciation, and understanding as we learn of and follow (obey) him.// ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/blotout/01.md b/bible/kt/blotout/01.md index 5f0f09b3..4a479571 100644 --- a/bible/kt/blotout/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/blotout/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -The term "blot out" is an idiom that means to remove something completely. The idiom "wipe out" has a similar meaning. +The terms "blot out" and "wipe out" are idioms that mean to completely remove or destroy something or someone. -* This idiom can be used in a positive sense, as when God "blots out" sins by forgiving them and choosing not to remember them. -* It can also be used in a negative sense, as when God "blots out" a people group, destroying them because of their sin. -* The Bible talks about a person's name being blotted out or wiped out of God's book, which means that person will not receive eternal life. +* These idioms can be used in a positive sense, as when God "blots out" sins by forgiving them and choosing not to remember them. +* It is also often used in a negative sense, as when God "blots out" or "wipes out" a people group, destroying them because of their sin. +* The Bible talks about a person's name being "blotted out" or "wiped out" of God's book of life, which means that the person will not receive eternal life. ## Translation Suggestions -* When it refers to God blotting out sins, this term could be translated as "get rid of" or "completely remove." -* When it refers to God blotting out sinful nations it could also be translated as, "completely destroy." -* When it refers to the name or memory of a person being blotted out of the Book of Life this could be translated as, "removed." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, these idioms could be translated as "get rid of" or "remove" or "completely destroy" or "completely remove." +* When referring to blotting someone's name out of the Book of Life, this could be translated as, "removed from" or "erased." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/boast/01.md b/bible/kt/boast/01.md index 458e1a2e..3cfc72a1 100644 --- a/bible/kt/boast/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/boast/01.md @@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ The term "boast" means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself. -* Often "boast" means to brag about oneself. Someone who is "boastful" talks about himself in a proud way. -* God rebuked the Israelites for boasting in their idols. This meant that by worshiping false gods instead of the true God who created the universe, they were showing how prideful they were. +* Someone who is "boastful" talks about himself in a proud way. +* God rebuked the Israelites for "boasting in" their idols. They arrogantly worshiped false gods instead of the true God. * The Bible also talks about people boasting in such things as their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, and their laws. This means that they were proud about these things and did not acknowledge that God is the one who provided these things. * God urged the Israelites to instead "boast" or be proud about the fact that they know him. -* The apostle, Paul also talks about boasting in +* The apostle, Paul also talks about boasting in the Lord, which means being glad and thankful to God for all he has done for them. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,4 +17,5 @@ The term "boast" means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it mean * Other ways to translate "boast" could include "brag" or "talk proudly" or "be proud." * The term "boastful" could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "full of prideful talk" or "prideful" or "talking proudly about oneself." -* In the context of boasting about knowing God, this could be translated as "take pride in" or "exalt in" or "be very glad about" or "be proud about" \ No newline at end of file +* In the context of boasting in or about knowing God, this could be translated as "take pride in" or "exalt in" or "be very glad about" or "give thanks to God about." +* Some languages have two words for "pride": one that is negative, with the meaning of being arrogant, and the other that is positive, with the meaning of taking pride in ones' work, family, or country. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/body/01.md b/bible/kt/body/01.md index 869c38b5..b3544628 100644 --- a/bible/kt/body/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/body/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,21 @@ ## Definition -The term "body" literally refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to a whole group or entity that has individual members. *When Jesus said to the disciples at his last Passover meal, "This +The term "body" literally refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to an object or whole group that has individual members. + +* Often the term "body" refers to a dead person or animal. Sometimes this is referred to as a "dead body" or a "corpse." +* When Jesus said to the disciples at his last Passover meal, "This (bread) is my body," he was referring to his physical body that would be "broken" (killed) to pay for their sins. +* In the Bible, Christians as a group are referred to as the "body of Christ." +* Just as a physical body has many parts, the "body of Christ" has many individual members. +* Each individual believer has a special function in the body of Christ to help the whole group work together to serve God and bring him glory. +* Jesus is also referred to as the "head" (leader) of the "body" of his believers. Just as a person's head tells his body what to do, so Jesus is the one who guides and directs Christians as members of his "body." + ## Translation Suggestions -* The best way to translate this term would be with the most common word in the language that is used to refer to a person's physical body. -* Make sure that the word used is not an offensive term. +* The best way to translate this term would be with the word that is most commonly used to refer to a physical body in the project language. Make sure that the word used is not an offensive term. * When referring collectively to believers, for some languages it may be more natural and accurate to say, "spiritual body of Christ." * When Jesus says, "This is my body" it is best to translate this literally, with a note to explain it if needed. -* Some languages may have a separate word when referring to a dead body, such as "corpse" for a person or "carcass" for an animal. Make sure the word used makes sense in the context and is acceptable. \ No newline at end of file +* Some languages may have a separate word when referring to a dead body, such as "corpse" for a person or "carcass" for an animal. Make sure the word used to translate this makes sense in the context and is acceptable. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/bond/01.md b/bible/kt/bond/01.md index a26d2623..5a84747f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/bond/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/bond/01.md @@ -2,20 +2,21 @@ ## Definition -The term "bind" means to tie something or fasten it securely. Something that is tied or joined together is called a "bond." To be "bound" means to have something tied or wrapped around. +The term "bind" means to tie something or fasten it securely. Something that is tied or joined together is called a "bond." -* The term "bonds" refers to anything that binds, confines or imprisons someone. It usually refers to physical chains, fetters or ropes that keep a person from being free. +* To be "bound" means to have something tied or wrapped around something else. +* The term "bonds" refers to anything that binds, confines or imprisons someone. It usually refers to physical chains, fetters or ropes that keep a person from being free to move. * In Bible times, bonds such as ropes or chains were used to attach prisoners to the wall or floor of a stone prison. * The term "bind" can also be used to talk about wrapping cloth around a wound to help it heal. -* A dead person would be bound with cloth in preparation for burial. +* A dead person would be "bound" with cloth in preparation for burial. * The term "bond" is used figuratively to refer to something, such as sin, that controls or enslaves someone. * A bond can also be a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually and physically. This applies to the bond of marriage. * For example, a husband and wife are "bound" or tied to each other. It is a bond that God does not want broken. -* A person can also be "bound" to a vow, which means is required to fulfill what he promised to do. +* A person can also be "bound" to a vow, which means he is "required to fulfill" what he promised to do. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "to bind" could also be translated as "to tie up" or "to wrap \ No newline at end of file +* The term "bind" could also be translated as "tie" or "tie up" or "wrap \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/bornagain/01.md b/bible/kt/bornagain/01.md index dea00055..def067e6 100644 --- a/bible/kt/bornagain/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/bornagain/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -The term "born again" was first used by Jesus to describe what it means for God to change a person from being dead spiritually to being alive spiritually. He also said that such a person has been "born of the Spirit." +The term "born again" was first used by Jesus to describe what it means for God to change a person from being dead spiritually to being alive spiritually. the terms "born of God" and "born of the Spirit" also refer to a person being given new spiritual life. -* All humans are born spiritually dead and are given a "new +* All humans are born spiritually dead and are given a "new birth" when they accept Jesus Christ as their Savior. +* At the moment of the spiritual new birth, God's Holy Spirit begins to live in the new believer and empowers him to produce good spiritual fruit in his life. +* It is God's work to cause a person to be born again and become his child. ## Translation Suggestions -* It is best, if possible to translate this term literally and use the normal word in the language that would be used for being born. -* Other ways to translate this term could include, "born anew" or "born spiritually." -* The term "new birth" might be translated as "spiritual birth." \ No newline at end of file +* Other ways to translate "born again" could include, "born anew" or "born spiritually." +* It is best to translate this term literally and use the normal word in the language that would be used for being born. +* The term "new birth" might be translated as "spiritual birth." +* The phrase "born of God" could be translated as, "caused by God to have new life like a newborn baby" or "given new life by God." +* In the same way, "born of the Spirit" could be translated as, "given new life by the Holy Spirit" or "empowered by the Holy Spirit to become God's child" or "caused by the Spirit to have new life like a newborn baby." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/bow/01.md b/bible/kt/bow/01.md index 3d02699f..48e50694 100644 --- a/bible/kt/bow/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/bow/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,12 @@ To bow means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. To "bow down" means to bend over or kneel down very low, often with face and hands toward the ground. -* Other expressions include "bow the knee" +* Other expressions include "bow the knee" (meaning to kneel) and "bow the head" (meaning to bend the head forward in humble respect or in sorrow). +* Bowing down can also be a sign of distress or mourning. Someone who is "bowed down" has been brought to a low position of humility. +* Often a person will bow in the presence of someone who is of higher status or greater importance, such as kings and other rulers. +* Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. +* In the Bible, people bowed down to Jesus when they realized from his miracles and teaching that he had come from God. +* The Bible says that when Jesus comes back someday, everyone will bow the knee to worship him. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/breath/01.md b/bible/kt/breath/01.md index 4ac91ddd..393f5123 100644 --- a/bible/kt/breath/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/breath/01.md @@ -4,19 +4,13 @@ In the Bible, the terms "breathe" and "breath" are often used figuratively to refer to giving life or having life. -* The Bible teaches that God "breathed into" Adam the breath of life. It was at that point that Adam became a living soul. -* When Jesus breathed on the disciples and told them to "receive the Spirit," he was probably literally breathing out air onto them to symbolize the Holy Spirit coming to them. -* Sometimes the terms "breathing" and "breathing out" are used to refer to speaking. -* The figurative phrase "breath of God" or "breath of Yahweh" often refers to God's wrath being poured out on rebellious or godless nations. It communicates his power. - - ## Translation Suggestions * The phrase "breathed his last" is a figurative way of saying "he died." It could also be translated as, "he took his last breath" or "he stopped breathing and died" or "he breathed in air one last time." -* Describing the Scriptures as "God-breathed" means that God spoke or inspired the words of the Scriptures which human authors then wrote down. This could be translated as, "inspired by God" or "authored by God" or "spoken by God." It could also be said that "God breathed out the words of Scripture." -* It is probably best, if possible, to translate "God-breathed" somewhat literally since it is difficult to communicate the exact meaning of this. +* Describing the Scriptures as "God-breathed" means that God spoke or inspired the words of the Scriptures which human authors then wrote down. It is probably best, if possible, to translate "God-breathed" somewhat literally since it is difficult to communicate the exact meaning of this. +* If a literal translation of "God-breathed" is not acceptable, other ways to translate this could include, "inspired by God" or "authored by God" or "spoken by God." It could also be said that "God breathed out the words of Scripture." * The expressions "put breath in" or "breathe life into" or "gives breath to" could be translated as, "cause to breathe" or "make alive again" or "enable them to live and breathe" or "give life to." * If possible, it is best to translate "breath of God" with the literal word that is used for "breath" in the language. If God cannot be said to have "breath," this could be translated as, "God's power" or "God's speech." * The idiom "catch my breath" or "get my breath" could be translated as, "relax in order to breathe more slowly" or "stop running in order to breathe normally." diff --git a/bible/kt/brother/01.md b/bible/kt/brother/01.md index d338ba9a..4a9820a2 100644 --- a/bible/kt/brother/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/brother/01.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The term "brother" usually refers to a male person who shares at least one biolo * In the Old Testament, the term "brothers" is also used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. * In the New Testament, the apostles often used "brothers" to refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women, since all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father. -* A few times in the New Testament, the apostles use the term "sister" when referring specifically to a fellow Christian who was a woman, or to emphasize that both men and women are being included. For example, James emphasizes that he is talking about all believers when he refers to "a brother or sister who is in need of food or clothing." +* A few times in the New Testament, the apostles used the term "sister" when referring specifically to a fellow Christian who was a woman, or to emphasize that both men and women are being included. For example, James emphasizes that he is talking about all believers when he refers to "a brother or sister who is in need of food or clothing." ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/call/01.md b/bible/kt/call/01.md index 21cf1b64..9f8c605b 100644 --- a/bible/kt/call/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/call/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ -# call, calling +# call, calling, called, call out ## Definition -The term "call" has many different meanings. It literally means to say something loudly to someone who is not nearby. +The terms "call" and "call out" literally means to say something loudly to someone who is not nearby. "There are also several figurative meanings. +* To "call out" to someone means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God. * Often in the Bible, "call" has a meaning of "summon" or "command to come" or "request to come." * God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their "calling." * The term "called" is used in the Bible to mean that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus. @@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ The term "call" has many different meanings. It literally means to say something * The term "call" could be translated by a word that means "summon," which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling. +* The idiom "call out to you" could be translated as "ask you for help" or "pray to you urgently." * When the Bible says that God has "called" us to be his servants, this could be translated as, "specially chose us" or "appointed us" to be his servants. * "You must call his name" can also be translated as, "you must name him." * "His name is called" could also be translated as, "his name is" or "he is named." diff --git a/bible/kt/children/01.md b/bible/kt/children/01.md index 677bf0e8..d95166a5 100644 --- a/bible/kt/children/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/children/01.md @@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ In the Bible, the term "child" is often used to generally refer to someone who i * In the Bible, disciples or followers are sometimes called "children." * Often the term "children" is used to refer to a person's descendants. * The phrase "children of" can refer to being characterized by something. Some examples of this would be: -* children of the light -* children of obedience -* children of the devil +* children of the light +* children of obedience +* children of the devil * This term can also refer to people who are like spiritual children. For example, "children of God" refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus. diff --git a/bible/kt/christ/01.md b/bible/kt/christ/01.md index d5b75e8d..16f3b87a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/christ/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/christ/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ ## Facts -The term "Messiah" comes from a Hebrew word and is used in the Old Testament. The term "Christ" comes from a Greek word and is used in the New Testament. Both these words mean "Anointed One." +The terms "Messiah" and "Christ" mean "Anointed One" and refer to Jesus, God's Son. -* Both "Messiah" and "Christ" refer to God's Son, whom God the Father appointed to rule as king over his people, and to save them from sin and death +* Both "Messiah" and "Christ" are used in the New Testament to refer to God's Son, whom God the Father appointed to rule as king over his people, and to save them from sin and death. * In the Old Testament, the prophets wrote prophecies about the Messiah hundreds of years before he came to earth. -* Jesus fulfilled many of these prophecies and did many miraculous works that proved he is the Messiah. -* Someday Jesus will come back and fulfill the rest of the prophecies about the Messiah. -* The word "Christ" is sometimes used as a title. as in, "the Christ" and "Christ Jesus." -* The word "Christ" is sometimes used as a name, as in "Jesus Christ." +* Often a word meaning "anointed (one)" is used in the Old Testament to refer to the Messiah who would come. +* Jesus fulfilled many of these prophecies and did many miraculous works that proved he is the Messiah; the rest of these prophecies will be fulfilled when he returns. +* The word "Christ" is often used as a title, as in "the Christ" and "Christ Jesus." +* "Christ" also came to be used as part of his name, as in "Jesus Christ." ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ The term "Messiah" comes from a Hebrew word and is used in the Old Testament. Th * This term could be translated using its meaning, "the Anointed One" or "God's Anointed Savior." -* Or a borrowed word that looks or sounds like "Christ" or "Messiah" could be used. \ No newline at end of file +* Many languages use a transliterated word that looks or sounds like "Christ" or "Messiah." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/christian/01.md b/bible/kt/christian/01.md index a60fbb30..e1e1fa6a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/christian/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/christian/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -After Jesus went back to heaven, people started calling his followers "Christians" because they were followers of Christ. +Some time after Jesus went back to heaven, people made up the name "Christian" which means, "follower of Christ." -* A Christian is a person who follows Jesus. He believes that Jesus is the Son of God, and he trusts Jesus to save him from his sins. -* In our modern times, often the term "Christian" is used for someone who believes in the religion, but who is not really following Jesus. This is not the meaning of "Christian" in the Bible. +* It was in the city of Antioch where Jesus' followers were first called "Christians." +* A Christian is a person who believes that Jesus is the Son of God, and who trusts Jesus to save him from his sins. +* In our modern times, often the term "Christian" is used for someone who identifies with the Christian religion, but who is not really following Jesus. This is not the meaning of "Christian" in the Bible. * Because the term "Christian" in the Bible always refers to someone who truly believes in Jesus, a Christian is also called a "believer." @@ -14,6 +15,6 @@ After Jesus went back to heaven, people started calling his followers "Christian * This term could be translated as "Christ-follower" or "follower of Christ" or perhaps something like, "Christ-person." -* Make sure that the translation of this term is distinct from terms used for disciple or apostle. +* Make sure that the translation of this term is translated differently than terms used for disciple or apostle. * Be careful to translate this term with a word that can refer to everyone who believes in Jesus, not just certain groups. * Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/church/01.md b/bible/kt/church/01.md index 8ef03909..3147e91e 100644 --- a/bible/kt/church/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/church/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, the term "church" refers to a local group of believers in Jesus who regularly meet together to pray and hear God's word preached. It can also refer to all Christians. +In the New Testament, the term "church" refers to a local group of believers in Jesus who regularly met together to pray and hear God's word preached. The term "the Church" often refers to all Christians. -* When this term is used to refer to all believers everywhere in the whole body of Christ, some Bible translations capitalize it +* This term literally refers to a "called out" assembly or congregation of people who meet together for a special purpose. +* When this term is used to refer to all believers everywhere in the whole body of Christ, some Bible translations capitalize the first letter ("Church") to distinguish it from the local church. +* Often the believers in a particular city would meet together in someone's home. These local churches were given the name of the city such as the "church at Ephesus." +* In the Bible, "church" does not refer to a building. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +17,5 @@ In the Bible, the term "church" refers to a local group of believers in Jesus wh * The term "church" could be translated as a "gathering together" or "assembly" or "congregation" or "ones who meet together." * The word or phrase that is used to translate this term should also be able to refer to all believers, not just one small group. * Make sure that the translation of "church" does not just refer to a building. +* The term used to translate "assembly" in the Old Testament could also be used to translate this term. * Also consider how it is translated in a local or national Bible translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/clean/01.md b/bible/kt/clean/01.md index a7b7dee6..05ba555d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/clean/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/clean/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The tern "clean" literally means to not have any dirt or stain. In the Bible, it is often used figuratively to mean, "pure," "holy," or "free from sin." * "Cleanse" is the process of making something "clean." It could also be translated as "wash" or "purify." -* In the Old Testament, God told the Israelites which animals were “clean” and which ones were “unclean.” Only the clean animals were permitted to be used for eating or for sacrifice. +* In the Old Testament, God told the Israelites which animals he had specified as ritually “clean” and which ones were “unclean.” Only the clean animals were permitted to be used for eating or for sacrifice. In this context, the term "clean" means that the animal was acceptable to God for use as a sacrifice. * A person who had certain skin diseases would be unclean until the skin was healed enough to no longer be contagious. Instructions for cleansing the skin had to be obeyed in order for that person to be declared "clean" again. * Sometimes "clean" is used figuratively to refer to moral purity. diff --git a/bible/kt/clothed/01.md b/bible/kt/clothed/01.md index 69ac1a75..880d4e60 100644 --- a/bible/kt/clothed/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/clothed/01.md @@ -4,14 +4,15 @@ When used figuratively in the Bible, "clothed with" means to be endowed or equipped with something. To "clothe" oneself with something means to seek to have a certain character quality. +* In the same way that clothing is external to your body and is visible to all, when you are "clothed" with a certain character quality, others can readily see it. To "clothe yourself with kindness" means to let your actions be so characterized by kindness that it is easily seen by everyone. * To be "clothed with power from on high" means to have power given to you. -* In the same way that clothing is external to your body and is visible to all, when you are "clothed" with a certain character quality +* This term is also used to express negative experiences, such as "clothed with shame" or "clothed with terror" ## Translation Suggestions -* If possible it is best to keep the literal figure of speech, "clothe yourselves with" or "put on" -* If that does not give the correct meaning, other ways to translate "clothed with" could be "showing" or "manifesting," "filled with," or "having the quality of". -* The term "clothe" could also be translated as "cover" or "behave in a way that shows." \ No newline at end of file +* If possible, it is best to keep the literal figure of speech, "clothe yourselves with." Another way to translate this could be "put on" if this refers to putting on clothes. +* If that does not give the correct meaning, other ways to translate "clothed with" could be "showing" or "manifesting" or "filled with" or "having the quality of." +* The term "clothe yourself with" could also be translated as "cover yourself with" or "behave in a way that shows." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/compassion/01.md b/bible/kt/compassion/01.md index a6b0f1d2..75747c29 100644 --- a/bible/kt/compassion/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/compassion/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The term "compassion" refers to a feeling of concern for people, especially for those who are suffering. A compassionate person cares about other people and helps them. +The term "compassion" refers to a feeling of concern for people, especially for those who are suffering. A "compassionate" person cares about other people and helps them. * The word "compassion" usually includes caring about people in need, as well as taking action to help them. * The Bible says that God is compassionate, that is, he is full of love and mercy. -* In Paul's letter to the Colossians he tells them to "clothe themselves with compassion." This means they should be actively and obviously helping others who are in need. +* In Paul's letter to the Colossians, he tells them to "clothe themselves with compassion." He is instructing them to care about people and to actively help others who are in need. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +14,5 @@ The term "compassion" refers to a feeling of concern for people, especially for * The literal meaning of "compassion" is "bowels of mercy." This is an idiom that means "mercy" or "pity." Other languages may have their own idiom that means this. -* Other ways of translating this term could include, "feeling concern for" or "showing mercy and kindness to." \ No newline at end of file +* Ways of translating "compassion" could include, "a deep caring for" or "helpful mercy." +* The term "compassionate" could also be translated as, "caring and helpful" or "deeply loving and merciful." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/condemn/01.md b/bible/kt/condemn/01.md index 5a51a2ac..e46bfa4a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/condemn/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/condemn/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -To condemn is to claim that someone has done something wrong and judge him for that. +The term "condemn" means to judge someone for doing something wrong. -* Sometimes this word means that a harsh judgment is being made. -* Sometimes "condemn" means to falsely accuse or punish someone who is innocent. +* Often the word "condemn" refers to judging someone harshly. +* Sometimes "condemn" means to falsely accuse someone. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/confess/01.md b/bible/kt/confess/01.md index dda9441e..496ac25e 100644 --- a/bible/kt/confess/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/confess/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -# confess +# confess, confession ## Definition -To confess means to admit or assert that something is true. This can refer to admitting that we have sinned and desiring to stop that sin. It also can refer to boldly stating the truth about God. +To confess means to admit or assert that something is true. A "confession" is a statement or admission that something is true. +* The term "confess" can refer to boldly stating the truth about God. It can also refer to admitting that we have sinned. * The Bible says that if people confess their sins to God, he will forgive them. * James the apostle wrote in his letter that when believers confess their sins to each other, this brings spiritual healing. -* The apostle Paul wrote to the Philippians that someday everyone will confess that Jesus is Lord. +* The apostle Paul wrote to the Philippians that someday everyone will confess or declare that Jesus is Lord. * Paul also said that if people confess that Jesus is Lord and believe that God raised him from the dead, they will be saved. @@ -14,4 +15,5 @@ To confess means to admit or assert that something is true. This can refer to ad -* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this term could include, "profess," "admit," "testify," "declare," "acknowledge," or "affirm." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "confess" could include, "admit" or "testify" or "declare" or "acknowledge" or "affirm." +* Different ways to translate "confession" could be, "declaration" or "testimony" or "statement about what we believe" or "admitting sin." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/confidence/01.md b/bible/kt/confidence/01.md index 99a41ed4..1ef0ff07 100644 --- a/bible/kt/confidence/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/confidence/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -Confidence is the feeling of trust that comes from knowing that something is certain. +The terms "confident" and "confidence" refer to being sure that something is true or certain to happen. -* Believers are confident in God's promises, knowing that he never lies and he always fulfills his word. -* Confidence that is based on trusting God will remain even when life's circumstances become extremely difficult. +* Believers are confident in God's promises, knowing that he never lies and that he always keeps his word. +* Confidence is based on trusting God, even when difficult things happen. +* In the ULB, the term "confidence" is used to translate a word that is often rendered as "hope" in other English versions, with the meaning of knowing that something that will certainly happen. ## Translation Suggestions -* "To be confident" could also be translated as "to trust completely" or "to know without a doubt that something will happen." -* "Confidence" can be translated as "complete assurance" or "strong belief." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase "be confident" could also be translated as "trust completely" or "be completely sure about" or "know without a doubt that something will happen." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "confidence" could include, "complete assurance" or "sure expectation" or "confident awaiting" or "confident expectation." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/consecrate/01.md b/bible/kt/consecrate/01.md index d725511a..ba922604 100644 --- a/bible/kt/consecrate/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/consecrate/01.md @@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ To consecrate means to dedicate something or someone to serve God. The person or object that is consecrated is considered holy and set apart for God. * The meaning of this term is similar to "sanctify" or "to make holy," but with the added meaning of formally setting apart someone for service to God. -* Things that were consecrated to God included animals that were sacrificed, the altar of burnt offering, and the tabernacle, -* People were also consecrated to God, such as the priests, the people of Israel, and the oldest male child. -* Often the word "consecrate" has a similar meaning to purify, especially when it pertains to preparing something or someone for God's service so that they will be cleansed and acceptable to him. +* Things that were consecrated to God included animals to be sacrificed, the altar of burnt offering, and the tabernacle. +* People who were consecrated to God included the priests, the people of Israel, and the oldest male child. +* Sometimes the word "consecrate" has a meaning that is similar to "purify," especially when it pertains to preparing people or things for God's service so that they will be cleansed and acceptable to him. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "consecrate" can also be translated as "set apart for God's service" or "purify for service to God". +* Ways to translate "consecrate" could include, "set apart for God's service" or "purify for service to God." * Also consider how the terms "holy" and "sanctify" are translated. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/cornerstone/01.md b/bible/kt/cornerstone/01.md index a8163e11..768f57f8 100644 --- a/bible/kt/cornerstone/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/cornerstone/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -The term "cornerstone" refers to a large stone that has been specially cut and placed in the corner of the foundation of a building. It is very important for the strength and stability of the whole structure. +The term "cornerstone" refers to a large stone that has been specially cut and placed in the corner of the foundation of a building. * All the other stones of the building are measured and placed in relation to the cornerstone. -* In the New Testament, Jesus Christ is metaphorically called the "cornerstone" for the Church, or Assembly, of all believers. -* In the same way that the cornerstone of a building supports and determines the position of the whole building, so Jesus Christ is the cornerstone on which the Church is founded and supported. +* It is very important for the strength and stability of the whole structure. +* In the New Testament, the Assembly of believers is metaphorically compared to a building which has Jesus Christ as its "cornerstone." +* In the same way that the cornerstone of a building supports and determines the position of the whole building, so Jesus Christ is the cornerstone on which the Assembly of believers is founded and supported. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -16,4 +17,4 @@ The term "cornerstone" refers to a large stone that has been specially cut and p * The term "cornerstone" could also be translated as "main building stone" or "foundation stone." * Consider whether the target language has a term for a part of a building's foundation that is the main support. If so, this term could be used. * Another way to translate this would be, "a foundation stone used for the corner of a building." -* It is important to keep the fact that this is a stone, a solid and secure building material. If stones are not used for constructing buildings, there may be another word that could be used that means "large stone" \ No newline at end of file +* It is important to keep the fact that this is a large stone, used as a solid and secure building material. If stones are not used for constructing buildings, there may be another word that could be used that means "large stone" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/corrupt/01.md b/bible/kt/corrupt/01.md index 9f28fa18..eca6634f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/corrupt/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/corrupt/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -The term "corrupt" describes someone or something that has become bad or evil. Corruption refers to a state of being in which people or things have become ruined, immoral, or dishonest. +The terms "corrupt" and "corruption" refer to a state of affairs in which people have become ruined, immoral, or dishonest. -* To be corrupt or corrupted literally means to be bent or broken morally. +* The term "corrupt" literally means to be "bent" or "broken" morally. * A person who is corrupt has turned away from truth and is doing things that are dishonest or immoral. * To corrupt someone means to influence that person to do dishonest and immoral things. diff --git a/bible/kt/covenant/01.md b/bible/kt/covenant/01.md index 11f2a0c5..a1c8f2cf 100644 --- a/bible/kt/covenant/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/covenant/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill. * This agreement can be between individuals, between groups of people, or between God and people. -* When people make a covenant with each other, they say that they will do something, and they must do it. +* When people make a covenant with each other, they promise that they will do something, and they must do it. * Examples of human covenants include marriage covenants, business agreements, and treaties between countries. * Throughout the Bible, God made several different covenants with his people. * In some of the covenants, God promised to fulfill his part without conditions. For example when God established his covenant with mankind, promising to never destroy the earth again with a worldwide flood, this promise had no conditions for people to fulfill. @@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both p -* Depending on the context, ways to translate this term could include "binding agreement" or "formal commitment" or "pledge" or "contract." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate this term could include, "binding agreement" or "formal commitment" or "pledge" or "contract." * Some languages may have different words for covenant depending on whether one party or both parties have made a promise they must keep. If the covenant is one-sided, it could be translated as "promise" or "pledge." * Make sure the translation of this term does not sound like people proposed the covenant. In all cases of covenants between God and people, it was God who initiated the covenant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/covenantfaith/01.md b/bible/kt/covenantfaith/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5013ebc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/kt/covenantfaith/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# covenant faithfulness, covenant loyalty + +## Definition + +This term is used to describe God's commitment to fulfill the promises that he made to his people. + +* God made promises to the Israelites in formal agreements called "covenants." +* The "covenant faithfulness" or "covenant loyalty" of Yahweh refers to the fact that he keeps his promises to his people. +* God faithfulness to keep his covenant promises is an expression of his grace toward his people. +* The term "loyalty" is another word that refers to being committed and dependable to do and say what has been promised and what will benefit someone else. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The way this term is translated will also depend on how the terms "covenant" and "faithfulness" are translated. +* Other ways to translate this term could include, "faithful love" or "loyal, committed love" or "loving dependability." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/cross/01.md b/bible/kt/cross/01.md index a891ca76..295b8390 100644 --- a/bible/kt/cross/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/cross/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -A cross is an upright wooden post stuck into the ground, with a horizontal wooden beam attached to it near the top. +In Bible times, a cross was an upright wooden post stuck into the ground, with a horizontal wooden beam attached to it near the top. * During the time of the Roman Empire, the Roman government would execute criminals by tying or nailing them to a cross and leaving them there to die. * Jesus was falsely accused of crimes he did not commit and the Romans put him to death on a cross. -* Note that this is a completely different word from the verb "to cross +* Note that this is a completely different word from the verb "cross" that means to go over to the other side of something, such as a river or lake. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ A cross is an upright wooden post stuck into the ground, with a horizontal woode * This term could be translated using a term in the target language that refers to the shape of a cross. -* Consider describing the cross as the thing on which people were killed, using phrases such as "execution post" or "tree of death." +* Consider describing the cross as something on which people were killed, using phrases such as "execution post" or "tree of death." * Also consider how this word is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/crucify/01.md b/bible/kt/crucify/01.md index b2c17ae5..920db2b9 100644 --- a/bible/kt/crucify/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/crucify/01.md @@ -11,4 +11,6 @@ The term "crucify" means to execute someone by attaching him to a cross and leav ## Translation Suggestions -The term "crucify" could be translated as, "kill on a cross" or "execute by nailing to a cross." \ No newline at end of file + + +* The term "crucify" could be translated as, "kill on a cross" or "execute by nailing to a cross." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/cutoff/01.md b/bible/kt/cutoff/01.md index 77725332..4b3d1c53 100644 --- a/bible/kt/cutoff/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/cutoff/01.md @@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ ## Definition -The phrase "cut off" is an idiom that means to be excluded, banished or isolated from the main group. It can also refer to being killed as an act of divine judgment for sin. +The phrase "be cut off" is an idiom that means to be excluded, banished or isolated from the main group. It can also refer to being killed as an act of divine judgment for sin. -* In the Old Testament, disobeying God's commands regarding circumcision, keeping the Sabbath, sexual purity, and many other things, resulted in being cut off from God's people and from his presence. +* In the Old Testament, disobeying God's commands resulted in being cut off, or separated, from God's people and from his presence. * God also said he would "cut off" or destroy the non-Israelite nations, because they did not worship or obey him and were enemies of Israel. -* The idiom "cut off" is also used to explain how God caused the waters of the Jordan River to stop flowing so that the Israelites could walk across it. +* The idiom "cut off" is also used to refer to God causing a river to stop flowing. ## Translation Suggestions -* The phrase cut off literally means to remove something from something else with the use of a cutting instrument, such as a knife. This meaning should be distinguished from its idiomatic, figurative meaning. -* Depending on the context, the idiomatic meaning of this term could be translated as "banished" or "separated" or "killed" or "destroyed." \ No newline at end of file +* The idiom "be cut off" could be translated as "be banished" or "be sent away" or "be separated from" or "be killed" or "be destroyed." +* Depending on the context, "to cut off" could be translated as, "to destroy" or "to send away" or "to separate from" or "to destroy." +* In the context of flowing waters being cut off, this could be translated as "were stopped" or "were caused to stop flowing" or "were divided." +* The literal meaning of cutting something with a knife should be distinguished from the figurative uses of this term. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/darkness/01.md b/bible/kt/darkness/01.md index 9e0db3b9..83ff8717 100644 --- a/bible/kt/darkness/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/darkness/01.md @@ -4,17 +4,19 @@ The term "darkness" literally means an absence of light. There are also several figurative meanings of this term: -* As a metaphor, "darkness" means "impurity" or "evil" or "spiritual blindness." It is the opposite of light. -* Satan's dominion is called the kingdom of darkness. -* Darkness refers to anything related to sin and moral corruption. -* People who do not know God are said to be living in darkness, which means they do not understand or practice righteousness. -* God is light +* As a metaphor, "darkness" means "impurity" or "evil" or "spiritual blindness." +* It also refers to anything related to sin and moral corruption. +* The expression, "dominion of darkness" refers to all that is evil and ruled by Satan. +* The term "darkness" can also be used as a metaphor for death. (See: [[en/ta-vol1/translate/man/figs_metaphor]]) +* People who do not know God are said to be "living in darkness," which means they do not understand or practice righteousness. +* God is light (righteousness) and the darkness (evil) cannot overcome that light. +* The place of punishment for those who reject God is sometimes referred to as "outer darkness." ## Translation Suggestions -* It is best to translate this term literally, with a word in the target language that refers to the darkness of a room with no light or to the time of day when there is no light. -* For the figurative uses, it is also important to keep the image of darkness in contrast to light as a way to describe evil and deception in contrast to goodness and truth. -* Some translations may prefer to use a phrase to explain this idea. One way to translate this could be, "...evil, like a dark place." \ No newline at end of file +* It is best to translate this term literally, with a word in the project language that refers to the absence of light. This could also be a term that refers to the darkness of a room with no light or to the time of day when there is no light. +* For the figurative uses, it is also important to keep the image of darkness in contrast to light, as a way to describe evil and deception in contrast to goodness and truth. +* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this could be, "darkness of night" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/dayofthelord/01.md b/bible/kt/dayofthelord/01.md index 29c9d30b..7e727955 100644 --- a/bible/kt/dayofthelord/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/dayofthelord/01.md @@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ ## Description -The phrase "day of the Lord" or "day of Yahweh" refers to a time when there will be a final judgment of all who have rebelled against God. +The phrases "day of Yahweh" and "day of the Lord" are used to refer to times when God would do some particular thing.. of judgment for Yahweh's enemies. -* The resurrection of the righteous and the unrighteous will also happen at this time. -* The "day of Yahweh" in the Old Testament means the same as the "day of the Lord" in the New Testament. -* The word "day" in this phrase probably refers to a "time" or "occasion" that is longer than 24 hours. It begins when the Lord comes back to judge sinners, and continues until his rule over all creation is permanently established. -* This final time of judgment and resurrection on the day of the Lord is also known as the "last day". -* The Bible sometimes uses the term "day of the Lord" to refer to other times of judgment, such as when Jerusalem was attacked by Babylon and Rome. +* Sometimes "day of Yahweh" is used to refer to times when Yahweh would intervene to rescue his people from their enemies. +* Other times this phrase is used to prophesy about some future judgment or punishment that Yahweh would bring to his people. In some contexts it also may refer to the time of final judgment. +* The word "day" in this phrase probably refers to a "time" or "occasion" that is longer than 24 hours. +* The term "day of the Lord" in the New Testament also refers more to the time when there will be a final judgment of all who have rebelled against Yahweh and rejected Christ. The term "Lord" probably refers to the "Lord Jesus" in many of these contexts. Sometimes "Lord" could refer more generally to Yahweh God. +* When "day of the Lord" refers to the final, future time of judgment and resurrection, it is also known as the "last day". This time will begin when the Lord Jesus comes back to judge sinners and will continue until his rule over all creation is permanently established. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "day of the Lord" could include, "time of the Lord" or "time when the Lord Jesus will return to judge sinners." -* Depending on the context, "day of the Lord" could also be translated as "time of Yahweh" or "time when the Lord Jesus will return to judge." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "day of Yahweh" could include, "time of Yahweh" or "occasion when Yahweh comes to rescue his people" or "time when Yahweh will punish his enemies" or "time of Yahweh's wrath." +* Other ways to translate "day of the Lord" could include "time of the Lord's judgment" or "time when the Lord Jesus will return to judge people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/death/01.md b/bible/kt/death/01.md index 864a86c4..8f9a7e1d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/death/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/death/01.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This term is used to refer to both physical and spiritual death. Physically, it * To translate this term, it is best to use the everyday, natural word or phrase that refers to death in the target language. * In some languages, "to die" may be expressed as "to not live." The term "dead" may be translated as "not alive" or "not having any life" or "not living." -* Many languages use figurative expressions to describe death, such as "to pass away" in English. However in the Bible it is best to use the most direct term for death that is used in everyday language, unless that would be offensive. +* Many languages use figurative expressions to describe death, such as "to pass away" in English. However in the Bible it is best to use the most direct term for death that is used in everyday language. * In the Bible, physical life and death are often compared to spiritual life and death. It is important in a translation to use the same word or phrase for both physical death and spiritual death. * In some languages it may be more clear to say "spiritual death" when the context requires that meaning. Some translators may also feel it is best to say "physical death" in contexts where it is being contrasted to spiritual death. * The phrase, "the dead" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who have died. Some languages will translate this as, "dead people" or "people who have died." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/deceive/01.md b/bible/kt/deceive/01.md index 748f75e3..fd102940 100644 --- a/bible/kt/deceive/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/deceive/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,22 @@ -# deceive, deceived, deceiver, deception, deceptive, deceitful +# deceive, deceit, deception, deceptive ## Definition -The term "deceive" means to cause someone to believe something that is not true. The false belief is called "deception." The person who is telling the lie is described as "deceptive." +The term "deceive" means to cause someone to believe something that is not true. The act of deceiving someone is called "deceit." -* When someone believes something that is not true, that person is being "deceived." -* A person who causes others to believe something false is deceiving them and is a "deceiver." +* Another term, "deception" also refers to the act of causing someone to believe something that is not true. +* Someone who causes others to believe something false is a "deceiver." For example, Satan is called a "deceiver." The evil spirits that he controls are also deceivers. +* A person, action, or message that is not truthful can be described as "deceptive." +* The terms "deceit" and "deception" have the same meaning, but there are some small differences in how they are used. +* The descriptive terms, "deceitful" and "deceptive" have the same meaning and are used in the same contexts. ## Translation Suggestions -* Other ways to translate "deceive" could include "lie to" or "cause to have a false belief" or "lead someone to think something that is not true." +* Other ways to translate "deceive" could include "lie to" or "cause to have a false belief" or "cause someone to think something that is not true." * The term "deceived" could also be translated as, "caused to think something false" or "lied to" or "tricked" or "fooled" or "misled." * "Deceiver" could be translated as, "liar" or "one who misleads" or "someone who deceives." -* The term "deception" could be translated with a word or phrase that means "falsehood" or "lying" or "trickery" or "dishonesty." -* The terms "deceptive" or "deceitful" have the same meaning. They could also be translated by "untruthful" or "misleading" or "lying" to describe a person who speaks or acts in a way that causes other people to believe something that is not true. \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, the terms "deception" or "deceit" could be translated with a word or phrase that means "falsehood" or "lying" or "trickery" or "dishonesty." +* The terms "deceptive" or "deceitful" could be translated by "untruthful" or "misleading" or "lying" to describe a person who speaks or acts in a way that causes other people to believe things that are not true. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/demon/01.md b/bible/kt/demon/01.md index b822d2a9..7170b6b7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/demon/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/demon/01.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ All these terms refer to demons, which are spirit beings that oppose God's will. * God created angels to serve him. When the devil rebelled against God, some of the angels also rebelled and were thrown out of heaven. It is believed that demons and evil spirits are these "fallen angels." * Sometimes these demons are called "unclean spirits." The term "unclean" means "impure" or "evil" or "unholy." * Because demons serve the devil, they do evil things. Sometimes they live inside people and control them. -* Demons are more powerful than humans, but not as powerful as God. +* Demons are more powerful than human beings, but not as powerful as God. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ All these terms refer to demons, which are spirit beings that oppose God's will. * The term "demon" could also be translated as "evil spirit." -* The term "unclean spirit" could also be translated as "impure spirit" or "corrupt spirit" or "perverse spirit." +* The term "unclean spirit" could also be translated as "impure spirit" or "corrupt spirit" or "evil spirit." * Make sure that the word or phrase used to translate this term is different from the term used to refer to the devil. * Also consider how the term "demon" is translated in a local or national language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/demonpossessed/01.md b/bible/kt/demonpossessed/01.md index 6a594a3a..d9da85b1 100644 --- a/bible/kt/demonpossessed/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/demonpossessed/01.md @@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ A person who is demon-possessed has a demon or evil spirit that controls what he does and thinks. * Often a demon-possessed person will hurt himself or other people because the demon causes him to do that. -* Jesus healed demon-possessed people by commanding and forcing the demons to come out of them. +* Jesus healed demon-possessed people by commanding the demons to come out of them. ## Translation Suggestions -* Other ways to translate this term could include, "demon-controlled" or "controlled by a demon" or "having a demon." \ No newline at end of file +* Other ways to translate this term could include, "demon-controlled" or "controlled by an evil spirit" or "having an evil spirit living inside." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/disciple/01.md b/bible/kt/disciple/01.md index 3fe09b48..eb236af2 100644 --- a/bible/kt/disciple/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/disciple/01.md @@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ ## Definition -The term "disciple" refers to a person who follows a teacher and learns from him. +The term "disciple" refers to a person who spends much time with a teacher, learning from that teacher's character and teaching. -* The people who followed Jesus around, listening to his teachings and obeying them, were called his "disciples." John the Baptist also had disciples. -* At different times during Jesus' ministry, there were many disciples who followed him and heard his teachings. -* From among the many disciples who followed Jesus, he chose twelve to be his closest followers; these men became known as his "apostles." Jesus' twelve apostles continued to also be called "disciples." -* Just before Jesus went up to heaven, he commanded his disciples to teach other people about him so that those people could become his disciples, too. -* In modern times as well, anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is also called a disciple of Jesus. +* The people who followed Jesus around, listening to his teachings and obeying them, were called his "disciples." +* John the Baptist also had disciples. +* During Jesus' ministry, there were many disciples who followed him and heard his teachings. +* Jesus chose twelve disciples to be his closest followers; these men became known as his "apostles." +* Jesus' twelve apostles continued to be known as his "disciples" or "the twelve." +* Just before Jesus went up to heaven, he commanded his disciples to teach other people about how to become Jesus' disciples, too. +* Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,4 +19,4 @@ The term "disciple" refers to a person who follows a teacher and learns from him * The term "disciple" could be translated by a word or phrase that means "follower" or "student" or "pupil" or "learner." * Make sure that the translation of this term does not refer only to a student who learns in a classroom. -* The translation of this term should be different from the translation of "apostle." \ No newline at end of file +* The translation of this term should also be different from the translation of "apostle." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/discipline/01.md b/bible/kt/discipline/01.md index 02da4ac0..5e37b738 100644 --- a/bible/kt/discipline/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/discipline/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# discipline +# discipline, self-discipline ## Definition diff --git a/bible/kt/divine/01.md b/bible/kt/divine/01.md index 2b53fc26..4f3029ab 100644 --- a/bible/kt/divine/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/divine/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -The term "divine" refers to anything pertaining to or related to God. +The term "divine" refers to anything pertaining to God. -* Some ways this term is used include, "divine authority," "divine judgment," and "divine nature," "divine power," and "divine glory." -* The apostle Paul wrote to the Colossian Christians that Jesus +* Some ways this term is used include, "divine authority," "divine judgment," "divine nature," "divine power," and "divine glory." +* In one passage in the Bible, the term "divine" is used to describe something about a false deity. ## Translation Suggestions -* When describing something, the term "divine" could also be translated as, "from God" or "pertaining to God" or "characterized by God." -* The verb "to divine" something is a different word. It means to try to figure out things in the spirit world. It is related to the word, "divination." \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate the term "divine" could include, "God's" or "from God" or "pertaining to God" or "characterized by God." +* For example, "divine authority" could be translated as "God's authority" or "authority that comes from God." +* The phrase "divine glory" could be translated as "God's glory" or "the glory that God has" or "glory that comes from God." +* Some translations may prefer to use a different word when describing something that pertains to a false god. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/dominion/01.md b/bible/kt/dominion/01.md index d4d13174..975175a4 100644 --- a/bible/kt/dominion/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/dominion/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The term "dominion" refers to power, control, or authority over people, animals, or land. * Jesus Christ is said to have dominion over all the earth, as prophet, priest, and king. -* Satan's dominion has been defeated by Jesus Christ's death on the Cross of Calvary forever. +* Satan's dominion has been defeated forever by Jesus Christ's death on the cross. * At creation, God said that man is to have dominion over fish, birds, and all creatures on the earth. diff --git a/bible/kt/elect/01.md b/bible/kt/elect/01.md index c1539e46..9b1332e5 100644 --- a/bible/kt/elect/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/elect/01.md @@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ The term, "the elect" literally means "chosen ones" or "chosen people" and refers to those whom God has appointed or selected to be his people. "Chosen One" or "Chosen One of God" is a title that refers to Jesus, who is the chosen Messiah. -* God chose people to be holy, to be set apart by him for the purpose of bearing good spiritual fruit. +* God chose people to be holy, to be set apart by him for the purpose of bearing good spiritual fruit. That is why they are called "the chosen (ones) or "the elect." * The term "chosen one" is sometimes used in the Bible to refer to certain people such as Moses and King David whom God had appointed as leaders over his people. It is also used to refer to the nation of Israel as God's chosen people. -* The phrase "the elect" is an older term that literally means "the chosen +* The phrase "the elect" is an older term that literally means "the chosen (ones)" or "the chosen (people)." When used in a phrase such as "the elect lady" it simply means "chosen." +* In older English Bible versions, the term "elect" is used in both the Old and New Testaments to translate the word for "chosen one(s)." More modern versions use "elect" only in the New Testament, to refer to people who have been saved by God through faith in Jesus. Elsewhere in the Bible text, they translate this word more literally as "chosen ones." ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/endure/01.md b/bible/kt/endure/01.md index abe78e98..d846d8e2 100644 --- a/bible/kt/endure/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/endure/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -The term "endure" literally means to last a long time.bear something difficult with patience. +The term "endure" means to last a long time or to bear something difficult with patience. * It also means to stand firm when times of testing come, without giving up. -* In the Bible, "enduring to the end" refers to remaining loyal to the Lord and being committed to obeying him even if this loyalty causes a person to suffer. +* The term "endurance" can mean "patience," "bearing up under a trial," or "persevering when being persecuted." +* The encouragement to Christians to "endure to the end" is telling them to obey Jesus, even if this causes them to suffer. +* To "endure suffering" can also mean to "experience suffering." ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, the term "endure" can be translated as "persevere" or "keep believing" or "continue to do what God wants you to do" or "stand firm." -* A different meaning of "endure" could be translated as, "to experience" or "to go through." -* The phrase, "will not endure" could be translated as "will not last" or "will not continue to survive." +* Ways to translate the term "endure" could include, "persevere" or "keep believing" or "continue to do what God wants you to do" or "stand firm." +* In some contexts, "to endure" could be translated as, "to experience" or "to go through." +* With the meaning of lasting for a long time, the term "endure" could also be tranlsated as "last" or "continue." The phrase, "will not endure" could be translated as, "will not last" or "will not continue to survive." * Ways to translate "endurance" could include, "perseverance" or "continuing to believe" or "remaining faithful." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/enslave/01.md b/bible/kt/enslave/01.md index d86b29cc..cecf5cd5 100644 --- a/bible/kt/enslave/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/enslave/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -To be "enslaved" or "in bondage" means to be under the control of another person or ruling country. +To "enslave" someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be "enslaved" or "in bondage" means to be under the control of something or someone. * A person who is enslaved or in bondage must serve others without payment; he is not free to do what he wants. * To "enslave" also means to take away a person's freedom. @@ -15,4 +15,5 @@ To be "enslaved" or "in bondage" means to be under the control of another person -* The phrase "enslaved to" or "in bondage to" could be translated as "made to be a slave of" or "made to serve" or "under the control of." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "enslave" could be translated as "cause to not be free" or "force to serve others" or "put under the control of others." +* The phrase "enslaved to" or "in bondage to" could be translated as "forced to be a slave of" or "forced to serve" or "under the control of." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/eternity/01.md b/bible/kt/eternity/01.md index 10fdb499..de95f4e7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/eternity/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/eternity/01.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The terms “everlasting” and “eternal” have very similar meanings and ref * The term “eternity” refers to a state of being that has no beginning or end. It can also refer to life that never ends. * After this present life on earth, humans will spend eternity either in heaven with God or in hell apart from God. -* The terms “eternal life” and “everlasting life” are used in the New Testament to refer to living forever with God in our new bodies in heaven. +* The terms “eternal life” and “everlasting life” are used in the New Testament to refer to living forever with God in heaven. * The phrase “forever and ever” has the idea of time that never ends and expresses what eternity or eternal life is like. diff --git a/bible/kt/evangelism/01.md b/bible/kt/evangelism/01.md index cbd4f5f2..da4e70f9 100644 --- a/bible/kt/evangelism/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/evangelism/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -An evangelist is a person who shares the good news about Jesus Christ.. +An "evangelist" is a person who tells other people the good news about Jesus Christ. * The literal meaning of "evangelist" is "someone who preaches the good news." * Jesus sent his apostles out to spread the good news about how to be part of God's kingdom through trusting in Jesus and his sacrifice for sin. -* All Christians are exhorted to share this good news and some of them have been given a special spiritual gift to do this. These people are said to have the gift of evangelism and are called "evangelists." +* All Christians are exhorted to share this good news. +* Some Christians are given a special spiritual gift to effectively tell the gospel to others. These people are said to have the gift of evangelism and are called "evangelists." ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/exalt/01.md b/bible/kt/exalt/01.md index e89b5b05..2064978a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/exalt/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/exalt/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ To exalt is to highly praise and honor someone. It can also mean to put someone in a high position. * In the Bible, the term "exalt" is most often used for exalting God. -* Sometimes "exalt" is used to refer to proud people who think they are better than others. * When a person exalts himself, it means he is thinking about himself in a proud or arrogant way. @@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ To exalt is to highly praise and honor someone. It can also mean to put someone -* Ways to translate "exalt" could include, "highly praise," "honor greatly," "extol," or "speak highly of." +* Ways to translate "exalt" could include, "highly praise" or "honor greatly" or "extol" or "speak highly of." * In some contexts, it could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "put in a higher position" or "give more honor to" or "talk about proudly." * "Do not exalt yourself" could also be translated as "Do not think of yourself too highly" or "Do not brag about yourself." * "Those that exalt themselves" could also be translated as "Those who think proudly about themselves" or "Those who boast about themselves" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/exhort/01.md b/bible/kt/exhort/01.md index f8eb4ffb..52778d03 100644 --- a/bible/kt/exhort/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/exhort/01.md @@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ The term "exhort" means to strongly encourage and urge someone to do what is right. Such encouragement is called "exhortation." * The purpose of exhortation is to persuade other people to avoid sin and follow God's will. -* The New Testament teaches Christians to exhort each other kindly in love, not harshly or abruptly. +* The New Testament teaches Christians to exhort each other in love, not harshly or abruptly. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, "exhort" could also be translated as "strongly urge" or or "persuade." or "advise." +* Depending on the context, "exhort" could also be translated as "strongly urge" or "persuade" or "advise." * Make sure the translation of this term does not imply that the exhorter is angry. The term should convey strength and seriousness, but should not refer to angry speech. * In most contexts, the term "exhort" should be translated differently than "encourage," which means to inspire, reassure, or comfort someone. -* This term will usually be translated differently from "admonish," which means to warn or correct someone for their wrong behavior. \ No newline at end of file +* Ussually this term will also be translated differently from "admonish," which means to warn or correct someone for his wrong behavior. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/face/01.md b/bible/kt/face/01.md index 69ec518f..c7965bf7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/face/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/face/01.md @@ -4,25 +4,26 @@ The word "face" literally refers to the front part of a person's head. This term also has several figurative meanings. -* The phrase "your face" is a figurative way of saying "you." Similarly, the phrase "my face" often means, "me." +* The phrase "your face" is often a figurative way of saying "you." Similarly, the phrase "my face" often means, "I" or "me." * In a physical sense, "to face" someone or something means to look in the direction of that person or thing. * To "face each other" means to "look directly at each other." -* To face something can also mean to deal with a problem directly and not avoid it. * Being "face to face" means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance. * When Jesus "steadfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem," it means that he very firmly decided to go. * To "set one's face against" people or a city means to firmly decide: to no longer support, or to reject that city or person. * The phrase "face of the land" refers to the surface of the earth and often is a general reference to the whole earth. For example, a "famine covering the face of the earth" refers to a widespread famine that affected many people living on earth. +* The figurative expression, "do not hide your face from your people" means "do not reject your people" or "do not desert your people" or "do not stop taking care of your people." ## Translation Suggestions +* If possible, it is best to keep the idiom or use an idiom in the project language that has a similar meaning. See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_idiom]] * The term "to face" could be translated as "to turn toward" or "to look at directly" or "to look at the face of." * The idiom "face to face" could be translated as "up close" or "right in front of" or "in the presence of." * Depending on the context, the phrase "before his face" could be translated as, "ahead of him" or "in front of him" or "before him" or "in his presence." -* The phrase "your face" could be translated as "you," and "his face" could be translated as "him." -* The idiom, "set his face toward" could be translated as "began traveling toward" or "firmly made up his mind to go to." -* To "set one's face against" a city or people could be translated as, "look at with anger and condemn" or "refuse to accept" or "decide to reject" or "condemn and reject" or "pass judgment on." -* To say something "to their face" could be translated as to "say to them directly" or "say to them in their presence" or "say to them in person." +* The expression, "set his face toward" could be translated as "began traveling toward" or "firmly made up his mind to go to." +* The idiom, "hide his face from" could be translated as, "turn away from" or "stop helping or protecting" or "reject." +* To "set his face against" a city or people could be translated as, "look at with anger and condemn" or "refuse to accept" or "decide to reject" or "condemn and reject" or "pass judgment on." +* The expression, "say it to their face" could be translated as, "say it to them directly" or "say it to them in their presence" or "say it to them in person." * The idiom, "on the face of the land" could also be translated as, "throughout the land" or "over the whole earth" or "living throughout the earth." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/faith/01.md b/bible/kt/faith/01.md index a4d9be47..94f7982e 100644 --- a/bible/kt/faith/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/faith/01.md @@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ In general, the term "faith" refers to a belief, trust or confidence in someone * To "have faith" in someone is to believe that what he says and does is true and trustworthy. * To "have faith in Jesus" means to believe all of God's teachings about Jesus. It especially means that people trust in Jesus and his sacrifice to cleanse them from their sin and to rescue them from the punishment they deserve because of their sin. * True faith or belief in Jesus will cause a person to produce good spiritual fruits or behaviors because the Holy Spirit is living in him. -* Sometimes "faith" refers to all the teachings about Jesus, as in "the truths of the faith." -* Phrases such as "keep the faith" or "abandon the faith" use "faith" to refer to the state or condition of believing all the teachings about Jesus. +* Sometimes "faith" refers generally to all the teachings about Jesus, as in the expression, "the truths of the faith." +* In contexts such as "keep the faith" or "abandon the faith, the term "faith" refers to the state or condition of believing all the teachings about Jesus. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -16,7 +16,4 @@ In general, the term "faith" refers to a belief, trust or confidence in someone * In some contexts, "faith" can be translated as "belief" or "conviction" or "confidence" or "trust." -* Some languages may prefer to translate the terms "faith," "faithful," and "faithfulness" using some form of the verb "believe" since all these concepts come from that verb. -* The idiom, "keep the faith" could be translated by, "keep believing in Jesus" or "continue to believe in Jesus." -* The sentence, "they must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith" could be translated by, "they must keep believing all the true things about Jesus that they have been taught." -* The phrase, "my true son in the faith" could be translated by something like, "who is like a son to me because I taught him to believe in Jesus" or "my true spiritual son, who believes in Jesus." \ No newline at end of file +* For some languages these terms will be translated using forms of the verb "believe." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/faithful/01.md b/bible/kt/faithful/01.md index 7d8da2c9..172b92b4 100644 --- a/bible/kt/faithful/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/faithful/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -To be "faithful" means to be loyal to a person or to consistently live according to a set of beliefs. The state or condition of being faithful is "faithfulness." +To be "faithful" to God means to consistently live according to God's teachings. It means to be loyal to him by obeying him.The state or condition of being faithful is "faithfulness." * A person who is faithful can be trusted to always keep his promises and to always fulfill his responsibilities to other people. * A faithful person perseveres in doing a task, even when it is long and difficult. @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ To be "faithful" means to be loyal to a person or to consistently live according * In many contexts, "faithful" can be translated as "loyal" or "dedicated" or "dependable." * In other contexts, "faithful" can be translated by a word or phrase that means, "continuing to believe" or "persevering in believing and obeying God." -* The term "faithfulness" could be translated by,"persevering in believing" or "loyalty" or "trustworthiness." \ No newline at end of file +* Ways that "faithfulness" could be translated could include, "persevering in believing" or "loyalty" or "trustworthiness" or "believing and obeying God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/falsegod/01.md b/bible/kt/falsegod/01.md index 8923a31f..6ad58237 100644 --- a/bible/kt/falsegod/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/falsegod/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ -# false god, god, goddess +# false god, foreign god, god, goddess ## Definition -A false god is something that people worship instead of the one true God. The term "goddess" refers specifically to an idol that is described as female. +A false god is something that people worship instead of the one true God. The term "goddess" refers specifically to a female false god. -* These false gods or goddesses do not exist. Yahweh is the only God, and he has no rival. +* These false gods or goddesses do not exist. Yahweh is the only God. * People sometimes make objects into idols to worship as symbols of their false gods. * In the Bible, God's people frequently turned away from obeying him in order to worship false gods. * Demons often deceive people into believing that the false gods and idols they worship have power. -* Baal, Dagon, and Molech were three of the many false gods that were worshiped by people in ancient times. -* Goddesses that were worshipped by people in Bible times included Asherah and Artemis +* Baal, Dagon, and Molech were three of the many false gods that were worshiped by people in Bible times. +* Asherah and Artemis (Diana) were two of the goddesses that ancient peoples worshiped. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ A false god is something that people worship instead of the one true God. The te * There may already be a word for "god" or "false god" in the language or in a nearby language. * The term "idol" could be used to refer to false gods. -* In English, a small “g” is used to refer to false gods and large “G” is used to refer to the one true God. Other languages also do that. -* Another option would be to use a different word to refer to the false gods. +* In English, a lower case “g” is used to refer to false gods, and upper case “G” is used to refer to the one true God. Other languages also do that. +* Another option would be to use a completely different word to refer to the false gods. * Some languages may add a word to specify whether the false god is described as male or female. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/favor/01.md b/bible/kt/favor/01.md index 19d40fe3..731ced3a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/favor/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/favor/01.md @@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -The term "favor" refers to a preferential approving or beneficial action toward someone. Something that is "favorable" is positive, approving, or beneficial. The term "favoritism" means acting favorably toward some people, but not others. +The term "favor" refers to doing something to benefit someone who is regarded positively. Something that is "favorable" is positive, approving, or beneficial. -* Jesus grew up in the favor of God and men. This means they approved of his character and behavior. -* When a king shows favor to someone, it means that he makes a decision that will benefit that person and not others. Often it means that he approves of a request that they have made and gives them what they requested. -* The term "favoritism" means to show favor to someone, often for the wrong reasons. For example, acting positively toward people just because they are rich is a type of favoritism. +* The term "favoritism" means to act favorably toward some people but not others. Often favoritism is The term "favoritism" means acting favorably toward some people, but not others. shown toward people who are rich or are considered +* Jesus grew up "in favor with" God and men. This means they approved of his character and behavior. +* The idiom "find favor" means that someone is approved of by someone else. +* When a king shows favor to someone, it often means that he approves of that person's request and grants it. ## Translation Suggestions -* Other ways to translate the term "favor" could include, "blessing" or "benefit" or "act positively toward." +* Other ways to translate the term "favor" could include, "blessing" or "benefit." * The "favorable year of Yahweh" could be translated as, "the year \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/fear/01.md b/bible/kt/fear/01.md index 2dc1f1a7..d87687b7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/fear/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/fear/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ -# fear, afraid +# fear, afraid, fear of Yahweh ## Definition -The terms "fear" and "afraid" refer to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm being done to himself or others. +The terms "fear" and "afraid" refer to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. -* This term can also refer to a deep respect and carefulness around the thing or person that can cause the harm. -* The “fear of God” is something that people feel when they know that God is perfectly holy and hates sin. This fear motivates people to obey God and to hate all forms of evil. +* The term "fear" can also refer to a deep respect and awe for a person in authority. +* The term "fear of Yahweh" (and related terms, "fear of God" and "fear of the Lord") refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him. This fear is motivated by knowing that God is holy and hates sin. +* The Bible teaches that a person who fears Yahweh will become wise. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -13,5 +14,5 @@ The terms "fear" and "afraid" refer to the unpleasant feeling a person has when * Depending on the context, "to fear" can be translated as "to be afraid" or "to deeply respect" or "to revere" or "to be in awe of." -* The term "afraid" could be translated as "terrified" or "scared" or "fearful." -* The sentence, "The fear of God fell on all of them" could be translated as something like, "They all felt a deep awe and respect for God" or "They all felt very amazed and revered God deeply" or "They all felt very afraid of God \ No newline at end of file +* The term "afraid" could be translated as "terrified" or "scared" or "fearful." +* The sentence, "The fear of God fell on all of them" could be translated as, "Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God" or "Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply" or "Right then, they all felt very afraid of God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/fellowship/01.md b/bible/kt/fellowship/01.md index c4678d57..76f26ee7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/fellowship/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/fellowship/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ In general, the term "fellowship" refers to friendly interactions between members of a group of people who share similar interests and experiences. -* In the Bible, the term "fellowship" is usually used in reference to the unity of believers in Christ. +* In the Bible, the term "fellowship" usually refers to the unity of believers in Christ. * Christian fellowship is a shared relationship that believers have with one another through their relationship with Christ and the Holy Spirit. * The early Christians expressed their fellowship through listening to the teaching of God's Word and praying together, through the sharing of their belongings, and eating meals together. * Christians also have fellowship with God through their faith in Jesus and his sacrificial death on the cross which removed the barrier between God and people. diff --git a/bible/kt/filled/01.md b/bible/kt/filled/01.md index 5eaa8e92..7bbab224 100644 --- a/bible/kt/filled/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/filled/01.md @@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ The term "filled with the Spirit" is a figurative expression that means that the * This term could be translated as, "empowered by the Holy Spirit" or "controlled by the Holy Spirit." But it should not sound like the Holy Spirit is forcing the person to do something. * A sentence like "he was filled with the Spirit" could be translated as, "he was living fully by the Spirit's power" or "he was completely guided by the Holy Spirit" or "the Holy Spirit was guiding him completely." - *This term is similar in meaning to the idiom "live by the Spirit," but "filled with the Spirit" emphasizes the completeness with which a person allows the Holy Spirit to have control or influence over his life. So these two idioms should be translated differently, if possible. \ No newline at end of file +* This term is similar in meaning to the idiom "live by the Spirit," but "filled with the Spirit" emphasizes the completeness with which a person allows the Holy Spirit to have control or influence over his life. So these two idioms should be translated differently, if possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/firstborn/01.md b/bible/kt/firstborn/01.md index ebfa8c79..5566c104 100644 --- a/bible/kt/firstborn/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/firstborn/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -The term "firstborn" refers to the offspring of people or of animals that is born first, before the other offspring are born. +The term "firstborn" refers to an offspring of people or animals that is born first, before the other offspring are born. Usually the firstborn -* In the Bible, "firstborn" usually refers to a male offspring. +* In the Bible, "firstborn" usually refers to the first male offspring that is born. * In Bible times, the firstborn son was given a place of prominence and twice as much of his family inheritance as the other sons. * Often it was the firstborn male of an animal that was sacrificed to God. * This concept can also be used figuratively. For example, the nation of Israel is called God's firstborn son because God gave it special privileges over other nations. diff --git a/bible/kt/flesh/01.md b/bible/kt/flesh/01.md index bca2ae7e..983559bb 100644 --- a/bible/kt/flesh/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/flesh/01.md @@ -5,16 +5,19 @@ In the Bible, the term "flesh" literally refers to the soft tissue of the physical body of a human being or animal. * The Bible also uses the term "flesh" in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures. -* Another figurative use of "flesh" in the New Testament is to refer to the physical or sinful nature of human beings. This is often used in contrast to their spiritual nature. +* In the New Testament, the term "flesh" is used to refer to the sinful nature of human beings. This is often used in contrast to their spiritual nature. * The idiom, "own flesh and blood" refers to someone who is biologically related to another person, such as a parent, sibling, child, or grandchild. -* "flesh and blood" can also refer to a people group that one is physically related to or descended from. -* Another idiom is the statement that a man and woman will become "one flesh," referring to their physical union as husband and wife. +* The idiom "flesh and blood" can also refer to a person's ancestors or descendants. +* The expression, "one flesh" refers to the physical uniting of a man and woman in marriage. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, "flesh" can be translated as "body", "skin", "meat", "living creatures," "people," "human beings," "relatives," or "sinful nature." -* Some languages may have an idiom that is similar to "flesh and blood" that has the same meaning. -* The idiom, "become one flesh" could be translated as, "unite physically" or "become as one body." \ No newline at end of file +* In the context of an animal's body, "flesh" could be translated as "body" or "skin" or "meat." +* When it is used to refer generally to all living creatures, this term could be translated as "living beings" or "everything that is alive." +* When referring in general to all people, this term could be translated as "people" or "human beings" or "everyone who lives." +* The idiom, "flesh and blood" could also be translated as "relatives" or "family" or "kinfolk" or "family clan." There may be contexts where it could be translated as "ancestors" or "descendants." +* Some languages may have an idiom that is similar in meaning to "flesh and blood." +* The idiom, "become one flesh" could be translated as, "unite sexually" or "become as one body" or "become like one person in body and spirit." The translation of this idiom should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/foolish/01.md b/bible/kt/foolish/01.md index 238ca7c4..3538b6cd 100644 --- a/bible/kt/foolish/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/foolish/01.md @@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -The term "fool" refers to a person who often makes bad or wrong choices. The term "foolish" describes a person or behavior that is not wise. +The term "fool" refers to a person who often makes wrong choices, especially choosing to disobey. The term "foolish" describes a person or behavior that is not wise. -* In the Bible, the term "fool" usually refers to a person who does not obey God. This is often contrasted to the wise person, who obeys God. -* The book of Proverbs in the Old Testament gives many descriptions of what a fool is like. +* In the Bible, the term "fool" usually refers to a person who does not believe or obey God. This is often contrasted to the wise person, who trusts in God and obeys God. * In the Psalms, David describes a fool as a person who does not believe in God, who ignores all the evidence of God in his creation. +* The Old Testament book of Proverbs also gives many descriptions of what a fool, or foolish person, is like. +* The term "folly" refers to an action that is not wise because it is against God's will. Often "folly" also includes the meaning of something that is ridiculous or dangerous. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "fool" could be translated as, "unwise person" or "senseless person" or "ungodly person." +* The term "fool" could be translated as, "foolish person" or "unwise person" or "senseless person" or "ungodly person." * Ways to translate "foolish" could include, "lacking understanding" or "unwise" or "senseless." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/forever/01.md b/bible/kt/forever/01.md index 10a4c7d2..33a2f155 100644 --- a/bible/kt/forever/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/forever/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, the term "forever" refers to never-ending time. +In the Bible, the term "forever" refers to never-ending time. Sometimes it is used figuratively to mean, "a very long time." * The term "forever and ever" emphasizes that something will always exist. -* The phrase “forever and ever” is a way of expressing what eternity or eternal life is. It also has the idea of time that never ends. *Sometimes in modern-day usage this word has a figurative meaning of "a very long time" as in, "We had to wait for him forever!" But this is not how it is used in the Bible. +* The phrase “forever and ever” is a way of expressing what eternity or eternal life is. It also has the idea of time that never ends. +* God said that David's throne would last "forever." This is referring to the fact that David's descendant Jesus will reign as king forever. + ## Translation Suggestions @@ -13,4 +15,5 @@ In the Bible, the term "forever" refers to never-ending time. * This term could also be translated by "always" or "never ending." * The phrase, "will last forever" could also be translated as "always exist" or "will never stop" or "will always continue." -* The emphatic phrase, "forever and ever" could also be translated as, "for always and always" or "not ever ending" or "which never, ever ends." \ No newline at end of file +* The emphatic phrase, "forever and ever" could also be translated as, "for always and always" or "not ever ending" or "which never, ever ends." +* David's throne lasting forever could be translated as, "David's descendant will reign forever" or "a descendant of mine will always be reigning." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/forgive/01.md b/bible/kt/forgive/01.md index b1d1f681..01257abb 100644 --- a/bible/kt/forgive/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/forgive/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -To forgive someone means to not resent that person and not be angry at him for doing something hurtful. +To forgive someone means to not hold a grudge against a person who did something hurtful. "Forgiveness" is the act of forgiving someone. * Forgiving someone often means not punishing that person for something he has done wrong. -* This can also mean not making someone pay back money he owes, as in, "forgiving a debt." -* Forgiveness is the act of forgiving. +* This term can be used figuratively to mean, "cancel" as in the expression, "forgive a debt." * When people confess their sins, God forgives them based on Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross. * Jesus taught his disciples to forgive others as he has forgiven them. diff --git a/bible/kt/fornication/01.md b/bible/kt/fornication/01.md index b4c58d03..4f8eba07 100644 --- a/bible/kt/fornication/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/fornication/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -The term "fornication" refers to sexual activity that takes place outside the marriage relationship between a man and a woman. This is immoral and against God's plan. Another general term for this is, "sexual immorality." +The term "fornication" refers to sexual activity that takes place outside the marriage relationship of a man and a woman. This is immoral and against God's plan. Another general term for this is, "sexual immorality." * This term can refer to any kind of immoral sexual activity, including homosexual acts and pornography. * One type of fornication is adultery, which is sexual activity specifically between a married person and someone who is not that person's spouse. diff --git a/bible/kt/forsaken/01.md b/bible/kt/forsaken/01.md index 74c8d908..bbdea1b7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/forsaken/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/forsaken/01.md @@ -4,15 +4,17 @@ The term "forsake" means to abandon someone or to give up something. Someone who has been "forsaken" has been deserted or abandoned by someone else. -* When the people of Israel disobeyed God and worshiped idols, they were "forsaking" him, that is, leaving him and turning to false gods. As a result they were forsaken by God, which means that he withdrew his protection and presence from them and allowed them to be defeated by their enemies. -* This term can apply to the forsaking of things, as in the disciples forsaking, or giving up, their fishing jobs in order to follow Jesus. -* The Bible tells us that God will never forsake those who have believed in Jesus. +* When people "forsake" God, it means they are being unfaithful to him by disobeying him. +* When God "forsakes" people, it means he has stopped helping them and allowed them to experience suffering in order to cause them to turn back to him. +* This term can also mean to forsake things, such as forsaking, or not following God's teachings. +* The term "forsaken" can be used as past tense as in "he has forsaken you" or to refer to someone who has "been forsaken." ## Translation Suggestions -* Other ways to translate this term could include, "abandon" or "neglect" or "give up" or "go away from" or "leave behind." depending on the context. -* To "forsake God's law" means to "not obey God's law." -* The target language may prefer to use different words for this term, depending on whether the text is talking about forsaking a thing or a person. \ No newline at end of file +* Other ways to translate this term could include, "abandon" or "neglect" or "give up" or "go away from" or "leave behind," depending on the context. +* To "forsake" God's law could be translated "disobey God's law." This could also be translated as "abandon" or "give up on" or "stop obeying" his teachings or his laws. +* The phrase "be forsaken" can be translated as "be abandoned" or "be deserted." +* The project language may find it more clear to use different words to translate this term, depending on whether the text is talking about forsaking a thing or a person. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/free/01.md b/bible/kt/free/01.md index 9bcc793f..213eab2c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/free/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/free/01.md @@ -2,16 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, the term "free" often means to not be a slave or to not be in bondage. Freedom is the state of being free; it is the opposite of being in slavery. +The terms "free" or "freedom" refer to not being in slavery, or any other kind of bondage. * The term "liberty" has the same meaning as "freedom." -* Often the terms "free" and "freedom" are used figuratively to refer to how a believer in Jesus is no longer under the power of sin. -* The term "freedom" or "liberty" refers to not being required to obey the Law of Moses, but being free to live by the teachings of the Holy Spirit. +* The expression, "to set someone free" or "to free someone" means to provide a way for someone to no longer be in slavery or captivity. +* In the Bible, these terms are often used figuratively to refer to how a believer in Jesus is no longer under the power of sin. +* Having "liberty" or "freedom" can also refer to no longer being required to obey the Law of Moses, but instead being free to live by the teachings and guidance of the Holy Spirit. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "free" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "not bound" or "not enslaved." -* The term "freedom" or "liberty" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "the state of being free" or "the condition of not being a slave." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "free" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "not bound" or "not enslaved" or "not in slavery" or "not in bondage." +* The term "freedom" or "liberty" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "the state of being free" or "the condition of not being a slave" or "not being bound." +* The expression "to set free" could be translated as "to cause to be free" or "to rescue from slavery" or "to release from bondage." +* A person who has been "set free" has been "released" or "taken out of" bondage or slavery. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/fruit/01.md b/bible/kt/fruit/01.md index 26ede045..43926326 100644 --- a/bible/kt/fruit/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/fruit/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,31 @@ -# fruit +# fruit, fruitful ## Definition -Fruit is the edible food produced by a plant. In the Bible, fruit is sometimes used figuratively to refer to a person's works. +In general, the term "fruit" refers to the part of a plant that people eat. In the Bible, "fruit" is often used figuratively to refer to the outward actions of a person that reveal his inner character. -* The fruit or works of a person reflect his inward spiritual condition. Just as a good plant produces good fruit, a good spiritual condition produces good works. -* The Bible lists the fruit that God's Spirit produces in the lives of those who obey him: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, meekness and self control. +* The term "fruitful" describes a person or thing that has a lot of fruit. +* Often in the Bible, the term "fruitful" is used figuratively to refer to having a lot of children or descendants. +* The term "fruitful" can also mean "prosperous" or "effective" or "resulting in many good things." +* Physical, edible fruit usually has seeds inside it that will produce more fruit. +* In a phrase such as "fruit from the trees" or "fruit of the vine," the word "fruit" refers to foods such as apples, grapes, dates, or bananas. +* Often this term is used more generally, as in the phrase "fruit of the land" which refers to everything that the land produces for people to eat, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains. +* In a figurative sense, the fruit or works of a person reflect his inward spiritual condition. Just as a good plant produces good fruit, a person who loves and obeys God will produce good works. +* The Bible lists the fruit that God's Spirit produces in the lives of those who obey him: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self control. ## Translation Suggestions -* Note that the word "fruit" in English can also be plural, referring to more than one fruit. So the "fruit of the Spirit" could also be "fruits of the Spirit." -* It is best to use the general word for "fruit" that is commonly used in the local language area to refer to the edible fruit of a fruit tree. \ No newline at end of file +* It is best to use the general word for "fruit" that is commonly used in the local language area to refer to the edible fruit of a fruit tree. +* Depending on the context, the term "fruitful" could be translated as "producing much spiritual fruit" or "having many children" or "prosperous." In most contexts it is best to keep the term "fruit" in the translation of this term. +* The phrase, "fruit of the land" could also be translated as, "food that the land produces" or "food crops that are growing in that region." +* The expression, "be fruitful and multiply" is a command to have children and many descendants. If a literal translation would not give the correct meaning, this could also be translated as, "have many children and descendants" or "have many children so that you will have many descendants coming from you." +* The idiom "fruit of the womb" literally means, "what the womb produces" or "what comes from a woman's womb" and could be translated as "children." +* Another idiom, "fruit of the vine" could be translated as "vine fruit" or "grapes." +* The phrase "will be more fruitful" could also be translated as, "will produce more fruit" or "will have many more children." +* "Fruitful labor" could be translated as, "work that brings very good results" or "work that results in many people believing in Jesus." +* In some contexts, the term "fruitful" could also be translated as "prosperous." +* The "fruit of the Spirit" could also be translated as "works that the Holy Spirit produces" or "words and actions that show the Holy Spirit working in you." +* Note: The singular word "fruit" in English is often plural in meaning, referring to more than one fruit. Many languages would translate this as "fruits" as in, "fruits of the Spirit" or "fruits of the land." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/fulfill/01.md b/bible/kt/fulfill/01.md index d24132b2..e3d442ca 100644 --- a/bible/kt/fulfill/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/fulfill/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -The term "fulfill" means to complete or accomplish something that was predicted, desired, required, or expected. +The term "fulfill" means to complete or accomplish something that was expected. * When a prophecy is fulfilled, it means that God causes to happen what was predicted in the prophecy. * If a person fulfills a promise or a vow, it means that he does what he has promised to do. diff --git a/bible/kt/gate/01.md b/bible/kt/gate/01.md index 62f12837..44d509e0 100644 --- a/bible/kt/gate/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/gate/01.md @@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ A "gate" is a hinged barrier at an access point in a fence or wall that surround * A city gate could be opened to allow people, animals, and cargo to travel in and out of the city. * To protect the city, its walls and gates were thick and strong. Gates were closed and locked with a metal or wooden bar to prevent enemy soldiers from entering the city. -* A city gate was often the news and social center of a village. It was also where business transactions occurred and judgments were made. +* Because city walls were very thick and had gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun, the city gates were often places where people would gather to share news, do business, or judge legal cases. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "gate" could be, "door" or "opening" or "barrier" or "entranceway." +* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "gate" could be, "door" or "wall opening" or "barrier" or "entranceway." * The phrase, "bars of the gate" could be translated as, "gate bolts" or "wooden beams to lock the gate" or "metal locking rods of the gate." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/gift/01.md b/bible/kt/gift/01.md index 789ad47b..d90b383d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/gift/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/gift/01.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The term "gift" refers to anything that is given or offered to someone. A gift i * Money, food, clothing, or other things given to poor people are called "gifts." * In the Bible, an offering or sacrifice given to God is also called a gift * The gift of salvation is something God gives us through faith in Jesus. -* In the New Testament the term "gifts" is also used to refer to special spiritual abilities that God gives to all Christians; they use these abilities for loving and serving other people. +* In the New Testament, the term "gifts" is also used to refer to special spiritual abilities that God gives to all Christians for serving other people. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/glorify/01.md b/bible/kt/glorify/01.md index 025481dd..9844e6f4 100644 --- a/bible/kt/glorify/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/glorify/01.md @@ -2,18 +2,18 @@ ## Definition -To glorify God is to show or talk about how wonderful, amazing, and great he is. +The term "glorify" means to show or tell how great and important something or someone is. It literally means "give glory." * People can glorify God by telling about the wonderful things he has done. -* They can also glorify God by living in a way that shows how great and magnificent he is. +* They can also glorify God by living in a way that honors him and shows how great and magnificent he is. * When the Bible says that God glorifies himself, it means that he reveals to people his amazing greatness, often through miracles. * God the Father will glorify God the Son by revealing to people the Son's perfection, splendor, and greatness. -* Everyone who believes in Christ will be glorified with him. When they are raised to life, they will be changed to reflect his glory and to display his grace before all creation. +* Everyone who believes in Christ will be glorified with him. When they are raised to life, they will be changed to reflect his glory and to display his grace to all creation. ## Translation Suggestions -* Another way to say "glorify God" is, "give glory to God" or "bring God glory." +* This term could also be translated as, "give glory to" or "bring glory to" or "cause to appear great." * The phrase "glorify God" could also be translated as "praise God" or "talk about God's greatness" or "show how great God is" or "honor God \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/glory/01.md b/bible/kt/glory/01.md index 64ebafa7..004eabd3 100644 --- a/bible/kt/glory/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/glory/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ In general, the term "glory" means honor, splendor, and extreme greatness. Anything that has glory is said to be "glorious." * Sometimes "glory" refers to something of great value and importance. In other contexts it communicates splendor, brightness, or judgment. +* For example, the phrase "glory of the shepherds" refers to the lush pastures where their sheep had plenty of grass to eat. * Glory is especially used to describe God, who is more glorious than anyone or anything in the universe. Everything in his character reveals his glory and his splendor. +* The phrase "to glory in" means to boast about or take pride in something. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +16,5 @@ In general, the term "glory" means honor, splendor, and extreme greatness. Anyth * Depending on the context, different ways to translate "glory" could include, "splendor" or "brightness" or "majesty" or "awesome greatness" or "extreme value." * The term "glorious" could be translated as "full of glory" or "extremely valuable" or "brightly shining" or "awesomely majestic." -* The idiom,"give glory to God" could be translated as "honor God's greatness" or "praise God because of his splendor" or "tell others how great God is." \ No newline at end of file +* The idiom,"give glory to God" could be translated as "honor God's greatness" or "praise God because of his splendor" or "tell others how great God is." +* The phrase "glory in" could also be translated as, "praise" or "take pride in" or "boast about" or "take pleasure in." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/god/01.md b/bible/kt/god/01.md index a74f3c2e..045b3b96 100644 --- a/bible/kt/god/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/god/01.md @@ -2,22 +2,24 @@ ## Facts -In the Bible, the term "God" refers to the eternal being named "Yahweh," who created the universe out of nothing. Yahweh exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. +In the Bible, the term "God" refers to the eternal being who created the universe out of nothing. God exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God's personal name is "Yahweh." -* God-ព្រះ has always existed – he existed before anything else existed, and he will continue to exist forever. +* God has always existed; he existed before anything else existed, and he will continue to exist forever. * He is the only true God and has authority over everything in the universe. * God is perfectly righteous, infinitely wise, holy, sinless, just, merciful, and loving. * He is a covenant-keeping God, who always fulfills his promises. * People were created to worship God and he is the only one they should worship. -* God revealed his name as "Yahweh" which means, "he is" or "I am" or "the One who +* God revealed his name as "Yahweh" which means, "he is" or "I am" or "the One who (always) exists." +* The Bible also teaches about false "gods" which are nonliving idols that people wrongly worship. ## Translation Suggestions -* "God" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "Deity" or "Creator" or "Supreme Being." -* Other ways to translate "God" might include, "Supreme Creator" or "Infinite Sovereign Lord" or "Eternal Supreme Being." +* Ways to translate "God" could include, "Deity" or "Creator" or "Supreme Being." +* Other ways to translate "God" could be, "Supreme Creator" or "Infinite Sovereign Lord" or "Eternal Supreme Being." * Consider how God is referred to in a local or national language. There may also already be a word for "God" in the language being translated. If so, it is important to make sure that this word fits the characteristics of the one true God as described above. -* English translations refer to a false god using a small "g" and write God with a large "G" when referring to the one true God. Other languages may also choose to do that. Another way to distinguish them would be to use two different terms for "God" and "god." -* The phrase, "I will be their God and they will be my people" could also be translated as, "I, God, will rule over these people; they will belong to me and worship me." \ No newline at end of file +* Many languages capitalize the first letter of the word for the one true God, to distinguish it from the word for a false god. +* Another way to make this distinction would be to use two different terms for "God" and "god." +* The phrase, "I will be their God and they will be my people" could also be translated as, "I, God, will rule over these people and they will worship me." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/godly/01.md b/bible/kt/godly/01.md index 932613a4..6884b79d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/godly/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/godly/01.md @@ -12,7 +12,4 @@ The term "godly" is used to describe a person who acts in a way that honors God -* The phrase, "the godly" could be translated as, "godly people" or "people who obey God." -* The adjective "godly" could be translated as "obedient to God" or "righteous" or "pleasing to God." -* The phrase, "in a godly manner" could be translated as, "in a way that obeys God" or "with actions and words that please God." -* Ways to translate "godliness" could include, "acting in a way that pleases God" or "obeying God" or "living in a righteous manner." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase, "the godly" could be translated as, "godly people" or "people who obey God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/godthefather/01.md b/bible/kt/godthefather/01.md index 3bc7af1c..3257a3e2 100644 --- a/bible/kt/godthefather/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/godthefather/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -# God the Father, Heavenly Father +# God the Father, heavenly Father ## Facts -The term "God the Father" is one way of referring to Yahweh, the one true God. +The terms, "God the Father" and "heavenly Father" refer to Yahweh, the one true God. -* God exists as God the Father, God the Holy Spirit, and God the Son. Each one is fully God, and yet they are only one God. This is a mystery that mere humans cannot fully understand. -* The title, "God the Father," expresses the kind of personal relationship that he has with "God the Son." It is not a physical relationship. Rather, it expresses that the Son honors and serves the Father. -* God the Father sent God the Son +* God exists as God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. Each one is fully God, and yet they are only one God. This is a mystery that mere humans cannot fully understand. +* God the Father sent God the Son (Jesus) into the world and he sends the Holy Spirit to his people. +* Anyone who believes in God the Son becomes a child of God the Father, and God the Holy Spirit comes to live in that person. This is another mystery that human beings cannot fully understand. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ The term "God the Father" is one way of referring to Yahweh, the one true God. * In the phrase "God the Father," it is best to translate "Father" with the same word that the language naturally uses to refer to a human father. -* The term "Heavenly Father" could be translated by "Father God who lives in Heaven" or "God our Father from Heaven" or "Father who lives in Heaven." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "heavenly Father" could be translated by "Father who lives in heaven" or "Father God who lives in heaven" or "God our Father from heaven." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/good/01.md b/bible/kt/good/01.md index 42d5e90d..b322e985 100644 --- a/bible/kt/good/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/good/01.md @@ -21,5 +21,5 @@ The word "good" has different meanings depending on the context. Many languages * The general term for "good" in the target language should be used wherever this general meaning is accurate and natural, especially in contexts where it is contrasted to evil. * Depending on the context, other ways to translate this term could include, "kind" or "excellent" or "pleasing to God" or "righteous" or "morally upright" or "profitable." * "Good land" could be translated as, "fertile land" or "productive land"; a "good crop" could be translated as a "plentiful harvest" or "large amount of crops." -* The phrase "do good to" means to do something that benefits others and could be translated as to "be kind to" someone or to "help" or "benefit" someone. +* The phrase "do good to" means to do something that benefits others and could be translated as "be kind to" or "help" or "benefit" someone. * Depending on the context, ways to translate the term "goodness" could include, "blessing" or "kindness" or "moral perfection" or "righteousness" or "purity." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/goodnews/01.md b/bible/kt/goodnews/01.md index 06b9fde5..51acd02d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/goodnews/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/goodnews/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -The phrase, "good news" means a message or announcement that tells people something that benefits them and makes them glad. +The term "gospel" literally means "good news" and refers to a message or announcement that tells people something that benefits them and makes them glad. * In the Bible, this term usually refers to the message about God's salvation for people through Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. * In most English Bibles, "good news" is usually translated as "gospel" and is also used in phrases such as, the "gospel of Jesus Christ," the "gospel of God" and the "gospel of the kingdom." @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ The phrase, "good news" means a message or announcement that tells people someth -* Different ways to translate this term could include, "good message" or "good announcement" or "glad word" or "God's message of salvation" or "the good things God teaches about Jesus." -* Depending on the context, ways to translate the phrase, "good news of" could include, "good news/message about" or "good message from" or "the good thing God tells us about" or "what God says about how he saves people." \ No newline at end of file +* Different ways to translate this term could include, "good message" or "good announcement" or "God's message of salvation" or "the good things God teaches about Jesus." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate the phrase, "good news of" could include, "good news/message about" or "good message from" or "the good things God tells us about" or "what God says about how he saves people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/grace/01.md b/bible/kt/grace/01.md index 3615b257..0a2dd37d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/grace/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/grace/01.md @@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The word "grace" refers to help or blessing that is given to someone who has not earned it. The term "gracious" describes someone who shows grace to other people. +The word "grace" refers to help or blessing that is given to someone who has not earned it. The term "gracious" describes someone who shows grace to others. -* Grace is shown through acts of kindness without expectation of being paid back. * God's grace toward sinful human beings is a gift that is freely given. * The concept of grace also refers to being kind and forgiving to someone who has done wrong or hurtful things. -* The phrase "to find grace" is an idiom that means to receive help and mercy from God. +* The phrase "to find grace" is an idiom that means to receive help and mercy from God. Often it includes the meaning that God is pleased with someone and helps him. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -16,4 +15,4 @@ The word "grace" refers to help or blessing that is given to someone who has not * Other ways that "grace" could be translated include, "divine kindness" or "God's favor" or "God's kindness and forgiveness for sinners" or "merciful kindness." * The term "gracious" could be translated as "full of grace" or "kind" or "merciful" or "mercifully kind." -* The idiom, "he found grace" could be translated as, "he received mercy" or "God mercifully helped him." \ No newline at end of file +* The idiom, "he found grace in the eyes of God" could be translated as, "he received mercy from God" or "God mercifully helped him" or "God showed his favor to him" or "God was pleased with him and helped him." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/guilt/01.md b/bible/kt/guilt/01.md index 1f1da467..076ce175 100644 --- a/bible/kt/guilt/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/guilt/01.md @@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ The term "guilt" refers to the fact of having sinned or committed a crime. -* Some languages might translate "guilt" as "the weight of one's sins" or "the counting of one's sins." -* Ways to translate "to be guilty" could include a word or phrase that means, "to be at fault" or "having done something morally wrong" or "having committed a sin." \ No newline at end of file +* Some languages might translate "guilt" as "the weight of sin" or "the counting of sins." +* Ways to translate "to be guilty" could include a word or phrase that means, "to be at fault" or "having done something morally wrong" or "having committed a sin." +ULB exs: take away the guilt of your sin, take away your guilt, guilt offering, punish your guilt, no guilt for murder will attach to him, carry his own guilt, wash away his guilt, be in great guilt, our guilt grows to the heavens \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/hell/01.md b/bible/kt/hell/01.md index 00eebf54..05b3364c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/hell/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/hell/01.md @@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ ## Definition -Hell is the final place of unending pain and suffering where God will punish everyone who rebels against him. +Hell is the final place of unending pain and suffering where God will punish everyone who rebels against him and rejects his plan of saving them through Jesus' sacrifice. It is also referred to as the "lake of fire." -* Hell is described as a place of fire and anguish. -* Satan and the evil spirits that follow him will be thrown into hell for eternal punishment. -* People who do not trust in the sacrifice of Christ will be punished forever in hell. +* Hell is described as a place of fire and severe suffering. +* Satan and the evil spirits who follow him will be thrown into hell for eternal punishment. +* People who do not believe in Jesus' sacrifice for their sin, and trust in him to save them, will be punished forever in hell. ## Translation Suggestions -* In the Bible, "hell" is also called the "lake of fire." But some languages can not use "lake" because it refers to water. -* Hell could be translated as "the place of anguish" or "the place of darkness" or "the huge fire \ No newline at end of file +* These terms should probably be translated differently since they occur in different contexts. +* Some languages cannot use "lake" in the phrase "lake of fire" because it refers to water. +* The term "hell" could be translated as "place of suffering" or "final place of darkness and pain." +* The term "lake of fire" could also be translated as, "sea of fire" or "huge fire \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/highpriest/01.md b/bible/kt/highpriest/01.md index 94f3bac3..b989018c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/highpriest/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/highpriest/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -The high priest was the leader over all of Israel's priests. +The term "high priest" refers to a special priest who was appointed to serve for one year as the leader of all the other Israelite priests. -* The Israelites had many priests, but only one high priest at a time. * The high priest had special responsibilities. He was the only one who was permitted to go into the most holy part of the temple to offer a special sacrifice once a year. +* The Israelites had many priests, but only one high priest at a time. +* When Jesus was being arrested, Caiaphas was the official high priest. Caiphas' father-in-law Annas is also mentioned sometimes because he was a former high priest who probably still had power and authority over the people. -## Translation Suggestions \ No newline at end of file +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* "High priest" could be translated as "supreme priest" or "highest ranking priest." +* Make sure this term is translated differently from the term "chief priest." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/holy/01.md b/bible/kt/holy/01.md index 7de69e6c..6997e8d3 100644 --- a/bible/kt/holy/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/holy/01.md @@ -2,21 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -The terms "holy" and "holiness" refer to the character of God that is totally "set apart" or separated from sin and from all that is sinful and imperfect. +The terms "holy" and "holiness" refer to the character of God that is totally set apart and separated from everything that is sinful and imperfect. * Only God is absolutely holy. He makes people and things holy. * A person who is holy belongs to God and has been set apart for the purpose of serving God and bringing him glory. * An object that God has declared to be holy is one that he has set apart for his glory and use, such as an altar that is for the purpose of offering sacrifices to him. * Since God is holy, people cannot approach him unless he allows them to, because they are mere human beings, sinful and imperfect. * In the Old Testament, God set apart the priests as holy for special service to him. They had to be ceremonially cleansed from sin in order to approach God. -* God also set apart as holy certain places and things that belonged to him or in which he revealed himself, such as "holy ground" +* God also set apart as holy certain places and things that belonged to him or in which he revealed himself, such as "holy ground" (Exodus 3:5) or his temple. ## Translation Suggestions -* Ways to translate "holy" might include, "set apart for God" or "belonging to God" or "completely pure" or "perfectly sinless. -or "separated from sin." - +* Ways to translate "holy" might include, "set apart for God" or "belonging to God" or "completely pure" or "perfectly sinless" or "separated from sin." * To "make holy" is often translated as "sanctify" in English. It could also be translated as "set apart \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/holyplace/01.md b/bible/kt/holyplace/01.md index f85b3c39..7812556c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/holyplace/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/holyplace/01.md @@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, the terms "holy place" and "most holy place" refer to the two parts of the building of the tabernacle complex and later on, of the temple complex. +In the Bible, the terms "holy place" and "most holy place" refer to the two rooms in the tabernacle or temple. -* These rooms were called "holy" because they were where God came to meet with his people the Israelites. -* It was only the high priests who were permitted to enter these rooms as representatives of the people. -* The holy place was the first room and it contained two things: the altar of incense and the table with the consecrated bread on it. -* The most holy place contained the ark of the covenant. +* These rooms were in a building that was surrounded by the walled courtyards of the tabernacle or temple. They were separated by a thick, heavy curtain to block the entrance to the most holy place. +* God came to meet with the high priest who represented all the Israelites. +* The high priest was the only one who was permitted to go into the most holy place. +* The "holy place" was the first room and it contained two things: the altar of incense and the table with the consecrated bread on it. +* The "most holy place" was the second, innermost room and it contained the ark of the covenant. +* Sometimes the phrase "holy place" is more general and refers to the whole complex of the temple or tabernacle. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,4 +17,5 @@ In the Bible, the terms "holy place" and "most holy place" refer to the two part * The term "holy place" could also be translated as, "room set apart for God" or "special room for meeting God" or "place reserved for God." -* The term, "most holy place" could be translated as, "room that is the most set apart for God" or "most special place for meeting God." \ No newline at end of file +* The term, "most holy place" could be translated as, "room that is the most set apart for God" or "most special place for meeting God." +* When "holy place" is more general as in "a holy place," it could be also translated as "a consecrated place" or "a place that God has set apart" or "in the temple complex that is holy" or "a courtyard of the temple" or "tabernacle courtyard," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/holyspirit/01.md b/bible/kt/holyspirit/01.md index 3fc73456..6a7b8f5d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/holyspirit/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/holyspirit/01.md @@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ ## Facts -These terms refer to the Holy Spirit, who is God. The one true God exists eternally as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. +These terms all refer to the Holy Spirit, who is God. The one true God exists eternally as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. +* The Holy Spirit is also referred to as, "the Spirit" and "Spirit of Yahweh" and "Spirit of truth." * Because the Holy Spirit is God, he is absolutely holy, infinitely pure, and morally perfect in all his nature and in everything he does. * Along with the Father and the Son, the Holy Spirit was active in creating the world. -* When God's Son, Jesus, returned to heaven, God sent the Holy Spirit to his people to lead them, teach them, comfort them, and give them the ability to do God's will. +* When God's Son, Jesus, returned to heaven, God sent the Holy Spirit to his people to lead them, teach them, comfort them, and enable them to do God's will. +* The Holy Spirit guided Jesus and he guides those who believe in Jesus. ## Translation Suggestions -* This term could be translated with the words used to translate "holy" and "spirit." -* Ways to translate this term could also include, "the Pure Spirit" or "Spirit who is Holy" or "God the Spirit." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could simply be translated with the words used to translate "holy" and "spirit." +* Ways to translate this term could also include, "Pure Spirit" or "Spirit who is Holy" or "God the Spirit." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/hope/01.md b/bible/kt/hope/01.md index ff6f4044..bb12297f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/hope/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/hope/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -In modern English, to hope is to desire that something for the future without complete certainty that it will happen. By contrast, hope is only used in the Bible to refer to a sure expectation that something will happen. +In modern English, the term "hope" usually means to desire that something will happen, without being certain that it will happen. -* In the Bible, however, "hope" often refers to trusting in God, expecting him to protect us and provide for us. There is an assurance that what is hoped for will happen. -* The ultimate hope is being assured of our salvation through our faith in Christ. Peter calls this our "living hope." +* In many English translations of the Bible, the term "hope" is often used to refer to a sure expectation of receiving what God has promised his people. however, this is usually translated as "confidence" in the ULB, since that term better represents the meaning of being sure or certain about something. +* To "hope for" something means to desire to have something or to wish for something to happen. +* The phrase "hope in" means "trust in" or "have confidence in." +* To have "no hope" means to have no expectation of something good happening. ## Translation Suggestions -* "Hope" could also be translated as "to expect" or "to trust" or "to be assured of." -* The phrase, "nothing to hope for" could be translated as "nothing to trust in" or "no expectation of anything good." -* To "have hope" means to "believe that something good will happen" or to "know that God will do the good things he has promised." To have no hope means to have no assurance that anything good will happen." -* The phrase "Christ Jesus our hope" could be translated by, "Christ Jesus whom we are expecting \ No newline at end of file +* In most contexts in the ULB, the term "to hope" could also be translated as "to wish" or "to desire" or "to expect." +* The phrase "hope in" could be translated as "trust in" or "have confidence in." +* The phrase, "nothing to hope for" could be translated as "nothing to trust in" or "no expectation of anything good" +* To "have no hope" could be translated as, "have no expectation of anything good" or "have no security" or "be sure that nothing good will happen." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/hour/01.md b/bible/kt/hour/01.md index 84b22abb..6204b07d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/hour/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/hour/01.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ In addition to being used to refer to when or how long something took place, the * Sometimes "hour" refers to a regular, scheduled time to do something, such as the "hour of prayer." * When the text says that the "hour had come" for Jesus to suffer and be put to death, this meant that it was the appointed time that God had decided long ago that this would happen. * The term "hour" is also used to mean "at that moment" or "right then." -* When the text talks about the "hour" being late, this means that it was late in the day when the sun would soon be setting. +* When the text talks about the "hour" being late, this means that it was late in the day, when the sun would soon be setting. ## Translation Suggestions \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/houseofgod/01.md b/bible/kt/houseofgod/01.md index 5d8b3ef7..da943e05 100644 --- a/bible/kt/houseofgod/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/houseofgod/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, the phrase "house of God" +In the Bible, the phrases "house of God" (God's house) and "house of Yahweh (Yahweh's house) refer to a place where God is worshiped. + +* This term is also used more specifically to refer to the tabernacle or the temple. +* Sometimes "God's house" is used to refer to the people of God. + ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/hypocrite/01.md b/bible/kt/hypocrite/01.md index 769ed377..56431ebc 100644 --- a/bible/kt/hypocrite/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/hypocrite/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -A hypocrite is a person who claims to be more righteous than he really is. Hypocrisy is the act of being a hypocrite. +The term "hypocrite" refers to a person who does things to appear righteous, but who secretly is acting in evil ways. The term "hypocrisy" refers to the behavior that deceives people into thinking a person is righteous. * Hypocrites want to be seen doing good things so that people will think that they are good people. * Often a hypocrite will criticize other people for doing the same sinful things that they themselves do. diff --git a/bible/kt/imitate/01.md b/bible/kt/imitate/01.md index 65f39c46..9f38bf18 100644 --- a/bible/kt/imitate/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/imitate/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The terms "imitate" and "imitator" refer to copying someone else, and acting exactly like that person does. -* Christians are taught to imitate Jesus Christ by walking in love and righteousnes as he did. +* Christians are taught to imitate Jesus Christ by obeying God and loving others, just as Jesus did. * The apostle Paul told the early church to imitate him, just as he imitated Christ. @@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ The terms "imitate" and "imitator" refer to copying someone else, and acting exa -* The term "imitate" coudl be translated as, "do the same things as" or "follow his example." +* The term "imitate" could be translated as, "do the same things as" or "follow his example." * The expression, "be imitators of God" could be translated as, "be people who act like God does" or "be people who do the kinds of things God does." * "You became imitators of us" could be translated as, "You followed our example" or "You are doing the same kinds of godly things that you saw us do." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/inchrist/01.md b/bible/kt/inchrist/01.md index 40e5b8e2..addb0e15 100644 --- a/bible/kt/inchrist/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/inchrist/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -The phrase "in Christ" and related terms refer to the state of being in relationship with Jesus Christ through faith in him. +The phrase "in Christ" and related terms refer to the state or condition of being in relationship with Jesus Christ through faith in him. -* These terms can refer to a believer "being in relationship with" Christ, "belonging to" Christ, "being in fellowship with Christ," or "depending on Christ." -* Related terms include, "in Christ Jesus, in Jesus Christ, in the Lord Jesus, in the Lord Jesus Christ." -* Note that the phrases "believe in Christ" and "have faith in Christ" use "in" differently than the condition of being "in Christ". - - -## Translation Suggestions - - - -* Depending on the context, different ways to translate "in Christ" and "in the Lord" \ No newline at end of file +* Other related terms include, "in Christ Jesus, in Jesus Christ, in the Lord Jesus, in the Lord Jesus Christ." +* Possible meanings for the term, "in Christ" could include, "because you belong to Christ" or "through the relationship you have with Christ" or "based on your faith in Christ." +* These related terms all have the same meaning of being in a state of believing in Jesus and being his disciple. +* Note: Sometimes the word "in" belongs with the verb. For example, "share in Christ" means to "share in" the benefits that come from knowing Christ. To "glory in" Christ means to be glad and give praise to God for who Jesus is and what he has done. To "believe in" Christ means to trust him as Savior and know him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/inherit/01.md b/bible/kt/inherit/01.md index 85ebc12e..5568211c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/inherit/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/inherit/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ -# inherit, inheritance +# inherit, inheritance, heritage, heir ## Definition -To inherit means to receive something valuable from a parent or other person, because of a special relationship with that person. The inheritance that is received may be money, land or other kinds of property. +The terms "inherit" and "inheritance" refer to receiving something valuable from a parent or other person because of a special relationship with that person. The "heir" is the person who receives the inheritance. -* God promised to Abraham and his descendants that they would inherit the land of Canaan, that it would belong to them forever. +* A physical inheritance that is received may be money, land, or other kinds of property. +* A spiritual inheritance is everything that God gives people who trust in Jesus, including blessings in the present life as well as eternal life with him. +* The Bible also calls God's people his inheritance, which means that they belong to him; they are his valued possession. +* A "heritage" is similar to an inheritance, but only refers to nonphysical blessings and characteristics that a person receives from his parents or God. +* God promised Abraham and his descendants that they would inherit the land of Canaan, that it would belong to them forever. * There is also a figurative or spiritual sense in which people who belong to God are said to "inherit the land." This means that they will prosper and be blessed by God in both physical and spiritual ways. * In the New Testament, God promises that those who trust in Jesus will "inherit salvation" and "inherit eternal life." It is also expressed as, "inherit the kingdom of God." This is a spiritual inheritance that lasts forever. * There are other figurative meanings for these terms: @@ -18,5 +22,7 @@ To inherit means to receive something valuable from a parent or other person, be * As always, consider first whether there are already terms in the target language for the concept of an heir or an inheritance and use those terms. -* Depending on the context, other ways that the term "inherit" could be translated might include, "receive" or "possess" or "come to possess" or "come into possession of." -* Ways to translate "inheritance" could include, "promised gift" or "secure possession" \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, other ways that the term "inherit" could be translated might include, "receive" or "possess" or "come into possession of." +* Ways to translate "inheritance" could include, "promised gift" or "secure possession." +* When God's people are referred to as his inheritance this could be translated as, "valued ones belonging to him." +* The term "heir" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "privileged child who receives the father's possessions" or "person chosen to receive \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/iniquity/01.md b/bible/kt/iniquity/01.md index 9322b3cc..d1a789d9 100644 --- a/bible/kt/iniquity/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/iniquity/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ The term "iniquity" is a word that is very similar in meaning to the term "sin," but may more specifically refer to conscious acts of wrongdoing or great wickedness. -* "Iniquity" could be defined as deliberate, harmful actions against other people. +* The word "iniquity" literally means a twisting or distorting (of the law). It refers to major injustice. +* Iniquity could be described as deliberate, harmful actions against other people. * Other definitions of iniquity include "perversity" and "depravity," which are both words that describe conditions of terrible sin. @@ -13,4 +14,4 @@ The term "iniquity" is a word that is very similar in meaning to the term "sin," * The term "iniquity" could be translated as "wickedness" or "perverse actions" or "harmful acts." -* Often, "iniquity" occurs in the same text as the word "sin," so it is important to have two different ways of translating these two terms. \ No newline at end of file +* Often, "iniquity" occurs in the same text as the word "sin" and "transgression" so it is important to have different ways of translating these terms. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/innocent/01.md b/bible/kt/innocent/01.md index b8fb74c6..fc69df9d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/innocent/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/innocent/01.md @@ -2,19 +2,21 @@ ## Definition -The term "innocent" means to not be guilty of a crime or other wrongdoing that a person is accused of. +The term "innocent" means to not be guilty of a crime or other wrongdoing. It can also refer more generally to people who are not involved in evil things. * A person accused of doing something wrong is innocent if he has not committed that wrong. -* Jesus is the only human being who was completely innocent, because he never did anything wrong. He was sinless. -* The apostle Paul uses "innocent" as a way of calling people simple, inexperienced, and naive. -* The term "innocent" is also used to refer generally to not being involved in evil things. +* Sometimes the term "innocent" is used to refer to people who have done nothing wrong to deserve the bad treatment they are receiving, as in an enemy army attacking "innocent people." ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "innocent" could also be translated as "not guilty" or "having done nothing wrong." -* If possible, it is best to translate "sinless" and "innocent" differently. +* In most contexts, the term "innocent" can be translated as "not guilty" or "not responsible" or "not to blame" for something. +* When referring in general to innocent people, this term could be translated as, "who have done nothing wrong" or "who are not involved in evil." * The frequently occurring idiom, "innocent blood" could be translated as, "people who did nothing wrong to deserve being killed." -* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "innocent" could include, "naive" or "pure" or "unsuspecting of evil" or "not mixed up in evil." \ No newline at end of file +* The expression "shed innocent blood" could be translated as, "kill innocent people" or "kill people who did nothing wrong to deserve it." +* In the context of someone being killed, "innocent of the blood of" could be translated as, "not guilty for the death of." +* When talking about people not accepting the good news about Jesus but not accepting it, "innocent of the blood of" could be translated as "not responsible for whether they remain spiritually dead or not" or "not responsible for whether they accept this message." +* When Judas said, "I have betrayed innocent blood" he was saying, "I have betrayed a man who did nothing wrong" or "I have caused the death of a man who was sinless." +* When Pilate said about Jesus, "I am innocent of the blood of this innocent man," this could be translated as, "I am not responsible for the killing of this man who has done nothing wrong to deserve it." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/intercede/01.md b/bible/kt/intercede/01.md index 9ae2703c..45a1d63b 100644 --- a/bible/kt/intercede/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/intercede/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The terms "intercede" and "intercession" refer to making requests to someone on behalf of another person. +The terms "intercede" and "intercession" refer to making requests to someone on behalf of another person. In the Bible this usually refers to praying for other people. -* The expression "make intercession for" means the same thing as "intercede for." -* God's Holy Spirit intercedes for us by praying to God on our behalf. -* A person can intercede for another person by making a request on their behalf to someone in authority. +* The expressions "make intercession for" and "intercede for" mean to make requests to God for the benefit of other people. +* The Bible teaches that the Holy Spirit intercedes for us, that is, he prays to God for us. +* A person intercedes for other people by making requests for them to someone in authority. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/iyahweh/01.md b/bible/kt/iyahweh/01.md index 2ffa84ac..7b4459ea 100644 --- a/bible/kt/iyahweh/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/iyahweh/01.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Many times in the Old Testament, when God is speaking about himself, he uses his * Some translators may decide it is natural and clear in their language to simply follow the literal text and use "Yahweh" with no pronoun added. -* Some may decide to use a pronoun with Yahweh only a few times at the beginning or occasionally in a particular portion of text, but then omit the pronoun in the rest of that section. An ULB example of this is Deuteronomy 5:9-16. +* Some may decide to use a pronoun with Yahweh only a few times at the beginning of a portion of text, but then omit the pronoun in the rest of that section. An ULB example of this is Deuteronomy 5:9-16. * It is best if possible to keep the name Yahweh where it literally occurs in the text, but some translations may decide to use only a pronoun in some places, to make the text more natural and clear. * This is a summary of possible ways to translate "Yahweh" when God is talking: * "Yahweh" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/jealous/01.md b/bible/kt/jealous/01.md index 57ea8de7..aa0a873a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/jealous/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/jealous/01.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -The terms "jealous" and "jealousy" literally refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone. +The terms "jealous" and "jealousy" refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone. -* These terms describe the feeling that a person has if he believes that his spouse has been unfaithful to him in their marriage. +* These terms are often used to describe the angry feeling that a person has toward a spouse who has been unfaithful in their marriage. * When used in the Bible, these terms often refer to God's strong desire for his people to remain pure and unstained by sin. * God is also "jealous" for his name, that it be treated with honor and reverence. -* To be "jealous" of something can also have the meaning of being angry that someone else is successful, especially if that person's success is seen as robbing the jealous person of his success. -* Although the literal meaning of "jealousy" is not the same meaning as "envy," sometimes these terms are used in similar ways in everyday English. +* Another meaning of jealous involves being angry that someone else is successful or more popular. This is close in meaning to the word "envy." ## Translation Suggestions -* Ways to translate "jealous" could include, "strong protective desire" or "possessive desire." -* "Jealousy" could be translated as, "strong protective feeling" or "possessive feeling." -* When talking about God, make sure the translation of these terms does not give a negative meaning of wrongly desiring or being resentful of someone else. \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate "jealous" could include, "strong protective desire" or "possessive desire." +* The term "jealousy" could be translated as, "strong protective feeling" or "possessive feeling." +* When talking about God, make sure the translation of these terms does not give a negative meaning of being resentful of someone else. +* In the context of people's wrong feelings of anger toward toward other people who are more successful, the terms "envious" and "envy" could be used. But these terms should not be used for God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/jesus/01.md b/bible/kt/jesus/01.md index 01d55a9c..0225e400 100644 --- a/bible/kt/jesus/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/jesus/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Facts -Jesus is God's Son. The name "Jesus" means, "Yahweh saves." The term "Christ" is a title that means "anointed one" and is another word for the Messiah. The two names are often combined as "Jesus Christ" or "Christ Jesus." +Jesus is God's Son. The name "Jesus" means, "Yahweh saves." The term "Christ" is a title that means "anointed one" and is another word for the Messiah. -* The full name "Jesus Christ" emphasizes that God's Son is the Messiah who came to save people from being punished eternally for their sins. +* The two names are often combined as "Jesus Christ" or "Christ Jesus." These names emphasize that God's Son is the Messiah who came to save people from being punished eternally for their sins. * In a miraculous way, the Holy Spirit caused the eternal Son of God to be born as a human being. His earthly parents were told by an angel to call him "Jesus" because he was destined to save people from their sins. * Jesus did many miracles that revealed that he is God and that he is the Christ, or Messiah. @@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ Jesus is God's Son. The name "Jesus" means, "Yahweh saves." The term "Christ" is -* Many languages spell Jesus and Christ in a way that keeps the sounds or spelling as close to the original as possible. For example, "Jesucristo," "Jezus Christus," "Yesus Kristus", and "Hesukristo" are some of the ways that these names are translated into different languages. -* Some languages may prefer to use some form of the term "Messiah" throughout. -* Other languages may prefer to use a word or phrase that means "anointed \ No newline at end of file +* Many languages spell "Jesus" and "Christ" in a way that keeps the sounds or spelling as close to the original as possible. For example, "Jesucristo," "Jezus Christus," "Yesus Kristus", and "Hesukristo" are some of the ways that these names are translated into different languages. +* For the term, "Christ," some languages may prefer to use some form of the term "Messiah" throughout. +* Also consider how these names are spelled in a nearby local or national language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/joy/01.md b/bible/kt/joy/01.md index 7e47edd9..06d5be45 100644 --- a/bible/kt/joy/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/joy/01.md @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -Joy is a feeling of delight and deep satisfaction that comes from God. The related term, "joyful" describes a person who feels very glad and full of deep happiness. +Joy is a feeling of delight or deep satisfaction that comes from God. The related term, "joyful" describes a person who feels very glad and full of deep happiness. * A person feels joy when he has a deep sense that what he is experiencing is very good. * God is the one who gives true joy to people. * Having joy does not depend on pleasant circumstances. God can give people joy even when very difficult things are happening in their lives. -* Sometimes things such as houses or cities are described as "joyful," which means that the people who live there are joyful. +* Sometimes places are described as joyful, such as houses or cities. This means that the people who live there are joyful. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Joy is a feeling of delight and deep satisfaction that comes from God. The relat * The term "joy" could also be translated as "gladness" or "delight" or "great happiness." -* The phrase, "be joyful" could be translated as "rejoice" or "be glad." +* The phrase, "be joyful" could be translated as "rejoice" or "be very glad" or with a phrase that means, "be very happy in God's goodness." * A person who is joyful could be described as "very happy" or "delighted" or "deeply glad." * A phrase such as "make a joyful shout" could be translated as "shout in a way that shows you are very happy." -* A "joyful city" or "joyful house" could be translated as "city where joyful people live" or "house full of joyful people." \ No newline at end of file +* A "joyful city" or "joyful house" could be translated as "city where joyful people live" or "house full of joyful people" or "city whose people are very happy." [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_metonymy]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/judge/01.md b/bible/kt/judge/01.md index 3d905da5..2d2ce8f7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/judge/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/judge/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The terms "judge" and "judgment" often refer to making a decision about whether * God's judgment usually includes punishing people for their sin. * The term "judge" can also mean "condemn." God instructs his people not to judge each other in this way. * Another meaning is "arbitrate between" or "judge between," as in deciding which person is right in a dispute between them. -* In some contexts, God's judgments are his decrees or judicial decisions. They are similar to his laws or his precepts. +* In some contexts, God's "judgments" are what he has decided is right and just. They are similar to his decrees, laws, or precepts. * "Judgment" can refer to wise decision-making ability. A person who lacks "judgment" does not have the wisdom to make wise decisions. @@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ The terms "judge" and "judgment" often refer to making a decision about whether -* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "to judge" could include, "to decide" or "to condemn" or "to punish" or "to decree." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "to judge" could include, "to decide" or "to condemn" or "to punish" or "to decree." * The term "judgment" could be translated as, "punishment" or "decision" or "verdict" or "decree" or "condemnation." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/justice/01.md b/bible/kt/justice/01.md index 7210a370..946bd243 100644 --- a/bible/kt/justice/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/justice/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -Justice is the fair and right treatment of all people under the laws of God and country. +These terms refer to treating people fairly according to God's laws. Human laws that reflect God's standard of right behavior toward others are also just. * To be "just" is to act in a fair and right way toward others. It also implies honesty and integrity to do what is morally right in God's eyes. * To act "justly" means to treat people in a way that is right, good and proper according to God's laws. -* To receive justice means to be treated fairly under the law, either being protected by law or receiving due punishment for breaking the law. +* To receive "justice" means to be treated fairly under the law, either being protected by law or being punished for breaking the law. +* Sometimes the term "just" has the broader meaning of "righteous" or "following God's laws." ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,5 +15,6 @@ Justice is the fair and right treatment of all people under the laws of God and * Depending on the context, other ways to translate "just" could include, "morally right" or "fair." -* The term "justice" could be translated as, "fair treatment" or "deserved consequences" -* To act justly could be translated as, "treat \ No newline at end of file +* The term "justice" could be translated as, "fair treatment" or "deserved consequences." +* To "act justly" could be translated as, "treat fairly" or "behave in a just way." +* In some contexts, "just" could be translated as, "righteous" or "upright." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/justify/01.md b/bible/kt/justify/01.md index c84c5dce..03f1b27e 100644 --- a/bible/kt/justify/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/justify/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,14 @@ ## Definition -To justify means to declare a guilty person to be righteous. Justification is the act of being declared righteous. +The terms "justify" and "justification" refer to causing a guilty person to be righteous. Only God can truly justify people. -* When God justifies people, he makes them righteous in his sight. -* Justification is what God does when he forgives a person's sins and declares that person to be righteous. +* When God justifies people, he forgives their sins and makes it as though they have no sin. He justifies sinners who repent and trust in Jesus to save them from their sins. +* "Justification" refers to what God does when he forgives a person's sins and declares that person to be righteous in his sight. ## Translation Suggestions -* Other ways to translate "justify" could include, "to declare righteous" or "to cause to be righteous." -* The term "justification" could be translated as, "being declared righteous" or "becoming righteous" or "causing people to be righteous." -* The phrase "resulting in justification" could be translated as, "so that God justified many people" or "which resulted in God causing people to be righteous." -* The phrase "for our justification" could be translated as, "in order that we could be justified by God." \ No newline at end of file +* Other ways to translate "justify" could include, "declare \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/kingdomofgod/01.md b/bible/kt/kingdomofgod/01.md index e0e8b716..2adefec7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/kingdomofgod/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/kingdomofgod/01.md @@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -Both of these terms refer to God's rule and authority over his people and over all creation. They also refer to the people who are ruled by God. +These terms refer to God's rule and authority over his people and over all creation. God's kingdom has both spiritual and physical aspects to it. -* In the New Testament, the book by Matthew uses the expression "kingdom of heaven" to refer to the "kingdom of God." Both terms mean the same thing. -* The Old Testament prophets said that God would establish his kingdom by sending the Messiah to rule with righteousness and to conquer his enemies. -* Jesus, the Son of God, is the Messiah who will rule over God's kingdom. -* The spiritual kingdom of God has always existed in heaven because God has always reigned there. -* The physical kingdom of God will be established on earth when Jesus returns from heaven to rule as the Messiah forever. +* The term "heaven" is a figurative way of referring to "God." +* In the New Testament, the book by Matthew uses the expression "kingdom of heaven" to refer to the "kingdom of God." Both terms have the same meaning. +* The Old Testament prophets said that God would establish his kingdom by sending the Messiah to rule with righteousness and to conquer his enemies. Jesus, the Son of God, is the Messiah who will rule over God's kingdom. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/kingofthejews/01.md b/bible/kt/kingofthejews/01.md index 7d37874f..3f167175 100644 --- a/bible/kt/kingofthejews/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/kingofthejews/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -"King of the Jews" is a title for Jesus, the Messiah. +The term, "King of the Jews" is a title that refers to Jesus, the Messiah. -* When Jesus was born, God caused an unusually bright star in the sky to reveal that he was the king of the Jews. -* Jesus' kingship over the Jews was also revealed through the fact that he was a descendant of King David. -* Before Jesus was crucified, Roman soldiers mockingly called Jesus "King of the Jews." This title was also written on a piece of wood nailed to the top of Jesus' cross. -* Jesus truly is the king of the Jews and the king over all creation who will reign forever in the kingdom of God. +* The first time the Bible records this title is when it was used by the wise men who traveled to Bethlehem looking for the baby who was "King of the Jews." +* The angel revealed to Mary that her son, a descendant of King David, would be a king whose reign would last forever. +* Before Jesus was crucified, Roman soldiers mockingly called Jesus "King of the Jews." This title was also written on a piece of wood and nailed to the top of Jesus' cross. +* Jesus truly is the King of the Jews and the king over all creation. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "King of the Jews" could also be translated as "king over the Jews" or "the one who rules over the Jews" or "supreme ruler of the Jews." +* The term "King of the Jews" could also be translated as "king over the Jews" or "king who rules over the Jews" or "supreme ruler of the Jews." * Check to see how the phrase "king of" is translated in other places in the translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/lamb/01.md b/bible/kt/lamb/01.md index 8c7c85ea..43a7d377 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lamb/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lamb/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -A lamb is the young of a sheep. A sheep is a four-legged animal with thick, woolly hair. +The term "lamb" refers to the young of a sheep. Sheep are four-legged animals with thick, woolly hair, used for sacrifices to God. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. -* Sheep are raised for their wool or to be eaten. -* These animals are defenseless and are easily led astray. God compares human beings to sheep. +* These animals are easily led astray and need protecting. God compares human beings to sheep. * God instructed his people to sacrifice physically perfect sheep and lambs to him. * Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" who was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. He was a perfect, unblemished sacrifice because he was completely without sin. diff --git a/bible/kt/lament/01.md b/bible/kt/lament/01.md index 26e21aad..73b7658f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lament/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lament/01.md @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ The terms "lament" and "lamentation" refer to a strong expression of mourning, sorrow, or grief. * Sometimes this includes deep regret for sin, or compassion for people who have experienced disaster. +* A lamentation could include moaning, weeping, or wailing. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/lastday/01.md b/bible/kt/lastday/01.md index 0adea4ac..615d55ad 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lastday/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lastday/01.md @@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ The term "last days" or "latter days" refers generally to the time period leading up to the time when Jesus will return. * This time period will be an unknown length of time. -* During this time there will be an increase in evil and disasters happening on earth. -* The "last day" is the same time period as the "day of the Lord," which is a time of resurrection and of judgment. Jesus promised his followers that he would raise them to life "on the last day." +* The "last day" is a time of resurrection and of judgment at the end of time. +* Jesus promised his followers that he would raise them to life "on the last day." ## Translation Suggestions -* The "last days" can also be translated as "final days" or "end times" or "at the end of time." -* If possible, it is best to translate this term in a different way than the translation for judgment day. \ No newline at end of file +* The term, "last days" can also be translated as "final days" or "end times" or "at the end of time." +* Ways to translate "the last day" could include, "final time on earth" or "ending time" or "last period of time." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/lawofmoses/01.md b/bible/kt/lawofmoses/01.md index 76c7f516..db06c23a 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lawofmoses/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lawofmoses/01.md @@ -1,20 +1,24 @@ -# Law, Law of Moses, God's Law +# law, law of Moses, God's law, law of Yahweh ## Definition -The terms, "the Law" and "the Law of Moses" refer generally to all the commandments and instructions that God gave Moses for the people of Israel to obey. Other ways of referring to these laws include, "Law of the Lord" or "God's Law." +All these terms refer to the commandments and instructions that God gave Moses for the Israelites to obey. The terms "law" and "God's law" are also used more generally to refer to everything God wants his people to obey. -* Depending on the context, the term "Law" or "God's Law" can refer to: +* Depending on the context, the "law" can refer to: * the Ten Commandments that God wrote on stone tablets for the Israelites. * all the laws given to Moses * the first five books of the Old Testament. -* the entire Old Testament +* the entire Old Testament (also referred to as "scriptures" in the New Testament). +* all of God's instructions and will. +* The phrase "the law and the prophets" is used in the New Testament to refer to the Hebrew scriptures (or "Old Testament"). ## Translation Suggestions -* Since there are many instructions, some translations may prefer to translate this in the plural and say, "laws." -* The "Law of Moses" could be translated as "the laws that God told Moses to give to the Israelites". -* "God's law \ No newline at end of file +* These terms could be translated using the plural, "laws" since they refer to many instructions. +* The "law of Moses" could be translated as "the laws that God told Moses to give to the Israelites." +* Depending on the context, "the law of Moses" could also be translated as, "the law that God told to Moses" or "God's laws that Moses wrote down" or "the laws that God told Moses to give to the Israelites." +* Ways to translate "the law" or "law of God" or "God's laws" could include: "laws from God" or "God's commands" or "laws that God gave" or "everything that God commands" or "all of God's instructions" +* The phrase, "law of Yahweh" could also be translated as, "Yahweh's laws" or "laws that Yahweh said to obey" or "laws from Yahweh" or "things Yahweh commanded." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/life/01.md b/bible/kt/life/01.md index 07429951..63bc17bb 100644 --- a/bible/kt/life/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/life/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -These terms are used in the Bible to talk about "physical life" and "spiritual life." +All these terms refer to being physically alive, not dead. They are also used figuratively to refer to being alive spiritually. The following discusses what is meant by "physical life" and "spiritual life." ## Translation Suggestions @@ -12,6 +12,4 @@ These terms are used in the Bible to talk about "physical life" and "spiritual l * The term "live" could be translated by "dwell" or "reside" or "exist." * The phrase "end of his life" could be translated as, "when he stopped living." * The idiom "spared their lives' could be translated as, "allowed them to live" or "did not kill them." -* The idiom "they risked their lives" could be translated as, "they put themselves in danger" or "they did something that could have killed them." -* When the Bible text talks about being alive spiritually. "Life" could be translated as "spiritual life" or "eternal life," depending on the context. -* The concept of spiritual life could also be translated by a phrase that means, "God making us alive in our spirits" or "new life by God's Spirit" or "being made alive in our inner self." \ No newline at end of file +* The idiom "they risked their lives" could be translated as, "they put themselves in danger" or "they did something that could have killed them." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/light/01.md b/bible/kt/light/01.md index 4a04e2dc..5d7ccbcc 100644 --- a/bible/kt/light/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/light/01.md @@ -2,20 +2,20 @@ ## Definition -There are several figurative uses of the term "light" in the Bible. It is often used as a metaphor for righteousness, holiness, and truth. +There are several figurative uses of the term "light" in the Bible. It is often used as a metaphor for righteousness, holiness, and truth. (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_metaphor]]) * Jesus said, "I am the light of the world" to express that he brings God's true message to the world and rescues people from the darkness of their sin. * Christians are commanded to "walk in the light," which means they should be living the way God wants them to and avoiding evil. * The apostle John stated that "God is light," and there is no darkness in him. +* Light and darkness are completely opposite. Darkness is the absence of all light. * Jesus said that he is "the light of the world" and that his followers should shine like lights in the world, by living in a way that clearly shows how great God is. -* Darkness is the absence of all light. Light and darkness are completely opposite. -* Walking in the light represents living in a way that pleases God, doing what is good and right. Walking in darkness represents living in rebellion against God, doing evil things. +* "Walking in the light" represents living in a way that pleases God, doing what is good and right. Walking in darkness represents living in rebellion against God, doing evil things. ## Translation Suggestions -* When translating, it is important to keep the terms "light" and "darkness" even when they are used figuratively. -* It may be necessary to explain the comparison in the text. For example, "walk as children of light" could be translated as, "live openly righteous lives, like someone who walks in bright sunlight." +* When translating, it is important to keep the literal terms "light" and "darkness" even when they are used figuratively. +* It may be necessary to explain the comparison in the text. For example, "walk as children of light" could be translated as, "live openly righteous lives, like someone who synecdochewalks in bright sunlight." * Make sure that the translation of "light" does not refer to an object that gives light, such as a lamp. The translation of this term should refer to the light itself. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/lordgod/01.md b/bible/kt/lordgod/01.md index f6b375b1..c5ee4c65 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lordgod/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lordgod/01.md @@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ The term "Lord" refers to someone who has ownership or authority over people. Wh * In the Old Testament, this term is used in references to God such as "Lord God Almighty" or "Lord Yahweh" or "Yahweh our Lord." * In the New Testament, the apostles used this term in expressions such as, "Lord Jesus" and "Lord Jesus Christ," which communicate that Jesus is God. -* The word "Lord" in the ULB and the UDB is only used to translate the Hebrew and Greek words for "Lord." It is never used as a translation of God's name, "Yahweh." +* In the ULB and UDB, the title, "Lord" is only used to translate the actual Hebrew and Greek words that mean "Lord." It is never used as a translation of God's name (Yahweh) as is done in other versions. ## Translation Suggestions -* Some languages translate this term as "Master" or some other term that communicates ownership or supreme ruler. +* Some languages translate this term as "Master" or "Ruler" or some other term that communicates ownership or supreme ruler. * Many translations capitalize the first letter of this term to make it clear to the reader that this is a title referring to God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/lordssupper/01.md b/bible/kt/lordssupper/01.md index 291becd8..d87ed66d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lordssupper/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lordssupper/01.md @@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ The term "Lord's Supper" is used by the apostle Paul to refer to the Passover meal that Jesus ate with his disciples on the night he was arrested by the Jewish leaders. -* During this meal Jesus called the Passover bread his body which would soon be beaten and killed. +* During this meal, Jesus broke the Passover bread into pieces and called it his body which would soon be beaten and killed. * He called the cup of wine his blood, which would soon be spilled out as he died as a sacrifice for sin. * Jesus commanded that as often as his followers shared this meal together, they should remember his death and resurrection. -* The apostle Paul also further established it as a believer's practice in 1 Corinthians chapter 11. +* In his letter to the Corinthians, the apostle Paul also further established the Lord's Supper as a regular practice for believers in Jesus. * Churches today often use the term "communion" to refer to the Lord's Supper. The term "Last Supper" is also sometimes used. @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ The term "Lord's Supper" is used by the apostle Paul to refer to the Passover me -* This term could also be translated as, "the Lord's meal" or "the meal of our Lord" or "the meal in memory of the Lord." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could also be translated as, "the Lord's meal" or "the meal of our Lord Jesus" or "the meal in memory of the Lord Jesus." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/lordyahweh/01.md b/bible/kt/lordyahweh/01.md index 2396341e..10c99ce4 100644 --- a/bible/kt/lordyahweh/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/lordyahweh/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,19 @@ -# Lord Yahweh +# Lord Yahweh, Yahweh God ## Facts -Many times in the Old Testament, the names "Lord" and "Yahweh" are used together to refer to God. This phrase can be difficult to translate if a form of "Lord" is used to render "Yahweh." +In the Old Testament, these terms are used many times to refer to the one true God. + +* The term "Lord" is a title and "Yahweh" is God's personal name. +* God's personal name "Yahweh" is also often combined with the term "God" to form "Yahweh God." + ## Translation Suggestions -* If you transliterate "Yahweh" or use a unique phrase for it, you can simply put "Lord" with it. \ No newline at end of file +* If you use some form of "Yahweh" for his personal name, you can translated these terms literally as "Lord Yahweh" and "Yahweh God." +* Some languages put titles after the name and would translate this as "Yahweh Lord." Consider what is natural in the project language: should the title "Lord" come before or after "Yahweh"? +* If the translation renders "Yahweh" as "Lord" or "LORD," it is best to render "Lord Yahweh" as a phrase like "Lord God" or "God who is the Lord." +* But the term "Lord Yahweh" should not be rendered as "Lord LORD" because readers may not notice the difference in letter size that has traditionally been used to distinguish these. +* "Yahweh God" could possibly be rendered as "God who is called Yahweh" or "God who is the Living One" or "I am, who is God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/love/01.md b/bible/kt/love/01.md index 0bae1775..d6c3f493 100644 --- a/bible/kt/love/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/love/01.md @@ -2,20 +2,21 @@ ## Definition -To love another person is to care for that person and do things that will benefit him. God himself is love and is the source of true love. +To love another person is to care for that person and do things that will benefit him. There are different meanings for "love" which some languages may express using different words:1. The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it doesn't benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. God himself is love and is the source of true love. -* There are different meanings for "love" which some languages may express using several different words, depending on the context. -* The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it doesn't benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do. * Jesus showed this kind of love by sacrificing his life in order to rescue us from sin and death. He also taught his followers to love others sacrificially. -* When people love others with this kind of love, it involves actions that show that someone is thinking of what will cause the other person to thrive. This especially includes forgiving others. -* Another word in the New Testament refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. -* This word is also used in such contexts as, "they love to sit in the most important seats at a banquet." +* When people love others with this kind of love, it involves actions that show that someone is thinking of what will cause the other person to be thrive. This kind of love especially includes forgiving others. +* In the ULB, the word "love" refers to this kind of sacrificial love by God, unless a Translation Note indicates a different meaning. +2. Another word in the New Testament refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives. +* This kind of love is also used in such contexts as, "They love to sit in the most important seats at a banquet." This means that they "prefer" or "like very much" to do that. +3. The word "love" can also refer to romantic love between a man and a woman. ## Translation Suggestions +* Unless indicated otherwise in a Translation Note, the word "love" in the ULB refers to the kind of sacrificial love that comes from God. * Some languages may have a special word for the unselfish kind of love that God has for people and that he helps people have for others. Ways to translate this might include, "devoted, faithful caring" or "care for unselfishly" or "love from God." Make sure that the word used to translate God's love can include the characteristics of not being focused on self, of giving up one's own interests to benefit others, and loving others no matter what they do. * Sometimes the English word "love" describes the deep caring that people have for friends and family members. Some languages might translate this with a word or phrase that means, "like very much" or "care for" or "have strong affection for." * In contexts where "love" is used to express a strong preference for a thing, food, or activity, this could be translated by "strongly prefer" or "like very much" or "greatly desire." diff --git a/bible/kt/maker/01.md b/bible/kt/maker/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ba1811c --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/kt/maker/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Maker + +## Facts + +In general, a "maker" is someone who creates or makes things. + +* In the Bible, the term "Maker" is sometimes used as a name or title for Yahweh, because he created everything. +* Usually this term is combined with "his" or "my" or "your." + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The term "Maker" can be translated as "the Creator" or "God who creates" or "the One who made everything." +* The phrase "his Maker" could also be translated as "the One who created him" or "God, who created him." +* The phrases "your Maker" and "my Maker" could be translated in a similar way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/mercy/01.md b/bible/kt/mercy/01.md index 942144e9..ca587d8e 100644 --- a/bible/kt/mercy/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/mercy/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -"Mercy" means helping people who are in need, especially when they are in a lowly or humbled condition. +The terms "mercy" and "merciful" refer to helping people who are in need, especially when they are in a lowly or humbled condition. -* The term "mercy" can also include the meaning of not punishing someone for something they have done wrong. -* A person is merciful when he treats someone kindly instead of harming him. +* The term "mercy" can also include the meaning of not punishing people for something they have done wrong. +* A powerful person such as a king is described as "merciful" when he treats people kindly instead of harming them. * Being merciful also means to forgive someone who has done something wrong against us. * We show mercy when we help people who are in great need. * God is merciful to us, and he wants us to be merciful to others. @@ -15,4 +15,6 @@ +* Depending on the context, "mercy" could be translated as, "kindness" or "compassion" or "pity." +* The term "merciful" could be translated as, "showing pity" or "being kind to" or "forgiving." * To "show mercy to" or "have mercy on" could be translated as, "treat kindly" or "be compassionate toward." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/minister/01.md b/bible/kt/minister/01.md index c57c1188..9747eceb 100644 --- a/bible/kt/minister/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/minister/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ ## Definition -To minister is to serve or care for others. A minister is a person who serves other people by teaching them about God and caring for their spiritual needs. +In the Bible, the terms "minister" and "ministry" refer to serving others by teaching them about God and caring for their spiritual needs. The term "minister" can also refer to a person who serves people in this way. -* Ministering to God in the temple included doing acts of worship, such as offering sacrifices to him. -* With regard to people, ministry means either to serve them spiritually, such as by sharing the gospel with them, or to serve them in physical ways, such as caring for the sick or hungry. +* In the Old Testament, the priests would "minister" to God in the temple by offering sacrifices to him. +* Their "ministry" also included taking care of the temple and offering prayers to God on behalf of the people. +* In the New Testament, a "minister" of the gospel was someone who taught other people the message of salvation through faith in Jesus. Sometimes a minister is called a "servant." +* The job of ministering to people can include serving them spiritually by teaching them about God. +* It can also refer to serving people in physical ways, such as caring for the sick and providing food for the poor. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -13,5 +16,6 @@ To minister is to serve or care for others. A minister is a person who serves ot * In the context of ministering to people, "to minister" could also be translated as "to serve" or "to care for" or "to meet the needs of." -* Sometimes "minister" would be translated as "serve the people by offering sacrifices to God for them." -* In the context of ministering to God, this could be translated as "to serve" or "to work for God." \ No newline at end of file +* When referring to ministering in the temple, the term "minister" could be translated as "serve God in the temple" or "offer sacrifices to God for the people." +* In the context of ministering to God, this could be translated as "to serve" or "to work for God." +* The phrase "ministered to" could also be translated as "took care of" or "provided for" or "helped." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/miracle/01.md b/bible/kt/miracle/01.md index c17ec22a..51bab171 100644 --- a/bible/kt/miracle/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/miracle/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -Miracles are things that could never happen unless God caused them. For example, calming a storm and healing a blind person are miracles. +A "miracle" is something amazing that is not possible unless God causes it to happen. -* Miracles are sometimes called "wonders" because they cause people to be filled with wonder or amazement. The term "wonder" is often more general and refers to amazing displays of God's power, such as when he created the heavens and the earth. -* Sometimes miracles are called "signs" because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. -* Some miracles were God's acts of redemption, such as when he rescued the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt and when he protected Daniel when he was thrown into a lion's den. -* Other wonders were God's acts of judgment, such as when he sent a worldwide flood in Noah's time and when he brought terrible plagues on the land of Egypt. +* Examples of miracles that Jesus did include calming a storm and healing a blind man. +* Miracles are sometimes called "wonders" because they cause people to be filled with wonder or amazement. +* The term "wonder" can also refer more generally to amazing displays of God's power, such as when he created the heavens and the earth. +* Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe. +* Some miracles were God's acts of redemption, such as when he rescued the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt and when he protected Daniel from being hurt by lions. +* Other wonders were God's acts of judgment, such as when he sent a worldwide flood in Noah's time and when he brought terrible plagues on the land of Egypt during the time of Moses. * Many of God's miracles were the physical healings of sick people or bringing dead people back to life. -* God's power was shown in Jesus when he healed people, calmed storms, walked on water and raised people from the dead. These were all miracles. +* God's power was shown in Jesus when he healed people, calmed storms, walked on water, and raised people from the dead. These were all miracles. * God also enabled the prophets and the apostles to perform miracles of healing and other things that were only possible through God's power. @@ -18,4 +20,5 @@ Miracles are things that could never happen unless God caused them. For example, * Possible translations of "miracles" or "wonders" could include, "impossible things that God does" or "powerful works of God" or "amazing acts of God." -* The frequent expression "signs and wonders" could be translated as "proofs and miracles" or "miraculous works that prove God's power" or "amazing miracles that show how great God is." \ No newline at end of file +* The frequent expression "signs and wonders" could be translated as "proofs and miracles" or "miraculous works that prove God's power" or "amazing miracles that show how great God is." +* Note that this meaning of a miraculous sign is different from a sign that gives proof or evidence for something. The two can be related. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/mosthigh/01.md b/bible/kt/mosthigh/01.md index 211ba459..c3e6e3e6 100644 --- a/bible/kt/mosthigh/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/mosthigh/01.md @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ The term, "Most High" is a title for God. It refers to his greatness or authorit -* This can also be translated as, "the Most High One" or "the Most Supreme being" or "God Most High" or "the Greatest One" or "the Supreme One" or "God, who is Greater than all." -* If a word like "high" is used, make sure it does not refer to being tall or long. \ No newline at end of file +* This term can also be translated as, "Most High God" or "Most Supreme being" or "God Most High" or "Greatest One" or "Supreme One" or "God, who is Greater than all." +* If a word like "high" is used, make sure it does not refer to being physically high or tall. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/name/01.md b/bible/kt/name/01.md index 2e145ecd..bf58254c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/name/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/name/01.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -A name is what something or someone is called. In the Bible, the word "name" is also used in figurative ways. These non-literal uses have different meanings. +In the Bible, the word "name" is used in several figurative ways. * In some contexts, "name" can refer to a person's reputation, as in, "let us make a name for ourselves." +* The term "name" can also refer to the memory of something. For example, "cut off the names of the idols" means to destroy those idols so that they are no longer remembered or worshiped. * Speaking "in the name of God" means speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative. -* The "name" of someone can refer to the entire person, as in "there is no other name under heaven by which we must be saved." +* The "name" of someone can refer to the entire person, as in "there is no other name under heaven by which we must be saved." (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_metonymy]]) ## Translation Suggestions -* A phrase like, "his good name" could be translated as "his reputation." -* Doing something "in the name of" could be translated as,"with the authority of" or "with the permission of" or "as the representative of" that person. -* The expression, "make a name for ourselves" could be translated, "make many people know about us" or "make people think we are very important." -* The idiom, "call his name" could be translated as, "name him" or "give him the name." -* The phrase, "those who love your name" could be translated as, "those who love you." \ No newline at end of file +* A phrase like, "his good name" could be translated as "his good reputation." +* Doing something "in the name of" could be translated as, "with the authority of" or "with the permission of" or "as the representative of" that person. +* The expression, "make a name for ourselves" could be translated, "cause many people to know about us" or "make people think we are very important." +* The idiom, "call his name" could be translated as, "name him" or "give him the name." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/newcovenant/01.md b/bible/kt/newcovenant/01.md index 6ba94a49..3e0a6794 100644 --- a/bible/kt/newcovenant/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/newcovenant/01.md @@ -1,18 +1,19 @@ -# New Covenant +# new covenant ## Definition The term "new covenant" refers to the commitment or agreement God made with his people through the sacrifice of his Son, Jesus. -* The part of the Bible called the "New Testament" refers to this new covenant, which is contrasted to the "old" covenant that God had made with the Israelites during Old Testament times. -* The New Covenant is better than the old one because it is based on the sacrifice of Jesus, which completely atoned for people's sins forever. The sacrifices made under the old covenant did not do this. -* God writes the New Covenant on the hearts of believers. As a result of this, Christians want to obey God, and they begin to live holy lives that show that God is working in them. -* The New Covenant will be completely fulfilled when God establishes his reign on earth. Everything will once again be very good, as it was at creation. There will be no more sin, suffering, or injustice. Instead, all of God's people will live with him in harmony. +* God's "new covenant" is explained in the part of the Bible called the "New Testament." +* This new covenant is in contrast to the "old" or "former" covenant that God had made with the Israelites in Old Testament times. +* The new covenant is better than the old one because it is based on the sacrifice of Jesus, which completely atoned for people's sins forever. The sacrifices made under the old covenant did not do this. +* God writes the new covenant on the hearts of believers in Jesus. This causes them to want to obey God and they begin to live holy lives. +* The new covenant will be completely fulfilled in the end times when God establishes his reign on earth. Everything will once again be very good, like it was when God first created the world. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "new covenant" could be translated as "new formal agreement" or or "new pact" or "new contract." +* The term "new covenant" could be translated as "new formal agreement" or "new pact" or "new contract." * The word "new" in these expressions has the meaning of "fresh" or "new kind of" or "another." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/oppress/01.md b/bible/kt/oppress/01.md index ac3ee8e9..5cd5af64 100644 --- a/bible/kt/oppress/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/oppress/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ -# oppress, oppression +# oppress, oppression, oppressor ## Definition -The terms "oppress" and "oppression" refer to treating people harshly and making their lives very difficult. +The terms "oppress" and "oppression" refer to treating people harshly. An "oppressor" is a person who oppresses people. -* "Oppression" especially refers to a situation where people of greater strength or authority mistreat or enslave people who are under their power or rule. +* The term "oppression" especially refers to a situation where people of greater strength mistreat or enslave people who are under their power or rule. * The term "oppressed" describes the people who are being harshly treated. +* Often enemy nations and their rulers were oppressors to the people of Israel. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +15,5 @@ The terms "oppress" and "oppression" refer to treating people harshly and making * Depending on the context,"oppress" could be translated by, "severely mistreat" or "cause to be heavily burdened" or "put under miserable bondage" or "rule harshly." * Ways to translate "oppression" could include, "heavy suppression and bondage" or "burdensome control." -* The phrase "the oppressed" could be translated as "oppressed people" or "people in terrible bondage" or "those who are treated harshly." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase "the oppressed" could be translated as "oppressed people" or "people in terrible bondage" or "those who are treated harshly." +* The term "oppressor" could be translated as "person who oppresses" or "nation who controls and rules harshly" or "persecutor." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/passover/01.md b/bible/kt/passover/01.md index 47d93387..0eb2c6db 100644 --- a/bible/kt/passover/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/passover/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Facts -The "Passover" is the name of a religious festival that the Jews celebrate every year, to remember how God rescued their ancestors the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. +The "Passover" is the name of a religious festival that the Jews celebrate every year, to remember how God rescued their ancestors, the Israelites, from slavery in Egypt. * The name of this festival comes from the fact that God "passed over" the houses of the Israelites and did not kill their sons when he killed the firstborn sons of the Egyptians. * The Passover celebration includes a special meal of a perfect lamb that they have killed and roasted, as well as bread made without yeast. These foods remind them of the meal that the Israelites ate the night before they escaped from Egypt. diff --git a/bible/kt/pastor/01.md b/bible/kt/pastor/01.md index a7447754..6414746f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/pastor/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/pastor/01.md @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ The term "pastor" is literally the same word as "shepherd." It is used as a title for someone who is the spiritual leader for a group of believers. +* In English Bible versions, "pastor" only occurs one time, in the book of Ephesians. It is the same word as is translated as "shepherd" elsewhere. * In some languages, the word for "pastor" is the same as the word for "shepherd." -* The word translated as "pastor" is the same word that is used to refer to spiritual leaders in the Church. * It is also the same word as is used to refer to Jesus as the "good Shepherd." @@ -13,4 +13,5 @@ The term "pastor" is literally the same word as "shepherd." It is used as a titl -* This term could also be translated as "shepherd" or "spiritual shepherd" or "shepherding Christian leader." \ No newline at end of file +* It is best to translate this term with the word for "shepherd" in the project language. +* Other ways to translate this term could include, "spiritual shepherd" or "shepherding Christian leader." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/peopleofgod/01.md b/bible/kt/peopleofgod/01.md index aa8397c7..b8542bbd 100644 --- a/bible/kt/peopleofgod/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/peopleofgod/01.md @@ -2,19 +2,19 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, "people of God" refers to people whom God has called out from the world to have a special relationship with him. +The term, "people of God" refers to people whom God has called out from the world to have a special relationship with him. * When God says, "my people" he is talking about the people whom he has chosen and who have a relationship with him. * God's people are chosen by him and are set apart from the world to live in a way that is pleasing to him. He also calls them his children. -* In the Old Testament, the “people of God” refers to the nation of Israel which was chosen by God and set apart from among the other nations of the world to serve and obey him. -* In the New Testament, “people of God” especially refers to all those who believe in Jesus and are called the Church. +* In the Old Testament, “people of God” refers to the nation of Israel which was chosen by God and set apart from among the other nations of the world to serve and obey him. +* In the New Testament, “people of God” especially refers to all those who believe in Jesus and are called the Church. This includes both Jews and Gentiles. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "people of God" could be translated as "God's people" or "the people who worship God" or "people who serve God" or "people belonging to God." +* The term "people of God" could be translated as "God's people" or "the people who worship God" or "people who serve God" or "people who belong to God." * Other ways to translate "my people" when God says it, could include, "the people I have chosen" or "the people who worship me" or “the people who belong to me.” * Similarly, "your people" could be translated as "the people who belong to you" or "the people you chose to belong to you." * Also “his people” could be translated as “the people who belong to him” or “the people God chose to belong to himself.” \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/perfect/01.md b/bible/kt/perfect/01.md index 22d5fd48..dab6e459 100644 --- a/bible/kt/perfect/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/perfect/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, the term "perfect" means to be "complete" or "mature" in our Christian life. To perfect something means to work at it until it is excellent and without flaws. +In the Bible, the term "perfect" means to be mature in our Christian life. To perfect something means to work at it until it is excellent and without flaws. * Being perfect and mature means that a Christian is obedient, not sinless. -* The New Testament book of James states that trials and patience produce completeness and maturity. -* When Christians study the Bible and obey it, they will become more spiritually perfect or mature because they will be more like God in their character. +* The term "perfect" also has the meaning of being "complete" or "whole." +* The New Testament book of James states that persevering through trials will produce completeness and maturity in the believer. +* When Christians study the Bible and obey it, they will become more spiritually perfect and mature because they will be more like Christ in their character. ## Translation Suggestions -* This term could be translated as "without flaw" or "without error" or "flawless" or "without fault." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could be translated as "without flaw" or "without error" or "flawless" or "without fault." ir "not having any faults." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/perish/01.md b/bible/kt/perish/01.md index 9301c114..b3cf6685 100644 --- a/bible/kt/perish/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/perish/01.md @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ The term "perish" means to die or be destroyed, usually as the result of violence or other disaster. In the Bible, it especially has the meaning of being punished for eternity in hell. * People who are "perishing" are those who are destined for hell because they have refused to believe in Jesus for their salvation. -* John 3:16 shows that "perish" means the opposite of living eternally in heaven. +* John 3:16 teaches that "perish" means to not live eternally in heaven. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this term could include, "die eternally" or "be punished in hell" or "be destroyed." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate this term could include, "die eternally" or "be punished in hell" or "be destroyed." * Make sure that the translation of "perish" can mean living eternally in hell and does not only mean "cease to exist." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/power/01.md b/bible/kt/power/01.md index acb2ba44..e991aa28 100644 --- a/bible/kt/power/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/power/01.md @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ The term "power" refers to the ability to do things or make things happen, often * Depending on the context, the term "power" could also be translated as "ability" or "strength" or "energy" or "ability to do miracles" or "control." -* An expression like "save us from the power of our enemies" could be translated as "save us from being oppressed by our enemies" or "rescue us from being controlled by our enemies." In this case, "power" has the meaning of using one's strength to control and oppress others. \ No newline at end of file +* An expression like "save us from the power of our enemies" could be translated as, "save us from being oppressed by our enemies" or "rescue us from being controlled by our enemies." In this case, "power" has the meaning of using one's strength to control and oppress others. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/predestine/01.md b/bible/kt/predestine/01.md index de79c924..69965e2b 100644 --- a/bible/kt/predestine/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/predestine/01.md @@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ The terms "predestine" and "predestined" refer to deciding or planning beforehan * The term "predestine" could also be translated as "decide before" or "decide ahead of time." * The term "predestined" could be translated as, "decided long ago" or "planned ahead of time" or "decided beforehand." * A phrase such as, "predestined us" could be translated as "decided long ago that we" or "already decided ahead of time that we." -* Note that the translation of this term should be different from the translation of the term "foreknow." \ No newline at end of file +* Note that the translation of this term should be different from the translation of the term "foreknew." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/priest/01.md b/bible/kt/priest/01.md index 49451035..007c815f 100644 --- a/bible/kt/priest/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/priest/01.md @@ -2,20 +2,24 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, a priest was someone who was chosen to pray and offer sacrifices to God on behalf of God's people. +In the Bible, a priest was someone who was chosen to offer sacrifices to God on behalf of God's people. The "priesthood" was the name for the office or condition of being a priest. * In the Old Testament, God chose Aaron and his descendants to be his priests for the people of Israel. +* The "priesthood" was a right and a responsibility that was passed down from father to son in the Levite clan. * The Israelite priests had the responsibility of offering the people's sacrifices to God, along with other duties in the temple. * Priests also offered regular prayers to God on behalf of his people and performed other religious rites. * The priests pronounced formal blessings on people and taught them God's laws. * In Jesus' time, there were different levels of priests, including the chief priests and the high priest. -* Jesus is our Great High Priest who intercedes for us in God's presence. He offered himself as the ultimate sacrifice for sin. This means that the sacrifices made by human priests are no longer needed. -* God also calls every believer in Jesus a "priest" who can come directly to God in prayer to intercede for himself and other people. -* In Bible times, there were also priests who presented offerings to false gods such as Baal. +* Jesus is our "great high priest" who intercedes for us in God's presence. He offered himself as the ultimate sacrifice for sin. This means that the sacrifices made by human priests are no longer needed. +* In the New Testament, every believer in Jesus is called a "priest" who can come directly to God in prayer to intercede for himself and other people. +* In ancient times, there were also pagan priests who presented offerings to false gods such as Baal. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "priest" could be translated as "sacrifice person \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, the term "priest" could be translated as "sacrifice person" or "God's intermediary" or "sacrificial mediator" or "person God appoints to represent him". +* The translation of "priest" should be different from the translation of "mediator." +* Some translations may prefer to always say something like, "Israelite priest" or "Jewish priest" or "Yahweh's priest" or "priest of Baal" to make it clear that this does not refer to a modern-day type of priest. +* The term used to translate "priest" should be different from the terms for "chief priest" and "high priest" and "Levite" and "prophet." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/promise/01.md b/bible/kt/promise/01.md index c4a97058..b4456ac3 100644 --- a/bible/kt/promise/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/promise/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -A promise is a pledge or commitment to do a certain thing. When someone makes a promise, he assures the people he is speaking to that he will truly do what he has said he will do. +A promise is a pledge to do a certain thing. When someone promises something, it means he is committing to do something. +* The Bible records many promises that God has made for his people. * Promises are an important part of formal agreements such as covenants. -* A promise is often accompanied by an oath or confirmation that it will be done. +* A promise is often accompanied by an oath to confirm that it will be done. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "promise" could be translated as, "assure someone that he will do something" or "commit to something." -* The phrase, "make a careless promise" could be translated as, "hastily promise something without thinking first." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "promise" could be translated as, "commitment" or "assurance" or "guarantee." +* To "promise to do something" could be translated as, "assure someone that you will do something" or "commit to doing something." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/promisedland/01.md b/bible/kt/promisedland/01.md index 6a0ed4ab..85200e52 100644 --- a/bible/kt/promisedland/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/promisedland/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ ## Facts -The "Promised Land" was the land that God had promised to give to Abraham and his descendants. It was also called "Canaan." +The term "Promised Land" only occurs in the Bible Stories, not the Bible text. It is an alternate way of referring to the land of Canaan which God had promised to give to Abraham and his descendants. -* God called Abraham to go live in the land of Canaan. He and his descendants, the Israelites, lived there for many years. +* When Abram was living in the city of Ur, God commanded him to go live in the land of Canaan. He and his descendants, the Israelites, lived there for many years. * When a severe famine caused there to be no food in Canaan, the Israelites moved to Egypt. -* Four hundred years later, God rescued the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and brought them back to the Promised Land again.. +* Four hundred years later, God rescued the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and brought them back to Canaan again, the land God had promised to give them. ## Translation Suggestions -* "The Promised Land" can be translated as the "the land that God said he would give to Abraham" or "the land that God promised to Abraham." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "Promised Land" can be translated as the "land that God said he would give to Abraham" or "land that God promised to Abraham" or "land God promised to his people" or "land of Canaan." +* In the Bible text, this term occurs as some form of, "the land God promised." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/prophet/01.md b/bible/kt/prophet/01.md index a7a5235a..486f6267 100644 --- a/bible/kt/prophet/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/prophet/01.md @@ -1,22 +1,23 @@ -# prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer +# prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer, prophetess ## Definition -A prophet is a person who speaks God's messages to people. He tells them what God wants them to know. A "prophecy" is the message that the prophet speaks. To "prophesy" means to speak God's messages. +A "prophet" is a man who speaks God's messages to people. A woman who does this is called a "prophetess." -* God is the one who chooses and appoints the prophet to do this.​ -* In the Bible, prophets often told people about things that God had said would happen in the future. This is called a prophecy. -* Many prophecies in the Old Testament were fulfilled during New Testament times. Others will be fulfilled in the future. -* Prophets also warned people to turn away from their sins and obey God. -* A "false prophet" was someone who claimed to speak messages from a false god, such as Baal. -* A prophet was sometimes called a "seer" which means "one who sees." +* An older term for a prophet was "seer" or "someone who sees." +* However, sometimes the term "seer" refers to a diviner or other false prophet. +* Often prophets warned people to turn away from their sins and obey God. +* A "prophecy" is the message that the prophet speaks. To "prophesy" means to speak God's messages. +* Often the message of a prophecy was about something that would happen in the future. +* Many prophecies in the Old Testament have already been fulfilled. +* A "false prophet" was someone who claimed to speak messages from a false god, such as Baal, or who falsely claimed to speak messages from God. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "prophet" could be translated as "God's spokesman." -* The term "prophecy" could be translated as "a message from God." -* To "prophesy" could be translated as "speak words from God." -* A female prophet was called a "prophetess." This could be translated as "spokeswoman for God" or "woman who speaks for God." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "prophet" could be translated as "God's spokesman" or "man who speaks for God" or "man who speaks God's messages." +* Ways to translate "prophecy" could include, "message from God" or "prophet message." +* Depending on the context, the term "prophesy" could be translated as "speak words from God" or "tell God's message about future events." +* The term "prophetess" could be translated as, "spokeswoman for God" or "woman who speaks for God" or "woman who speaks God's messages." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/propitiation/01.md b/bible/kt/propitiation/01.md index 74d4014d..17d6ec17 100644 --- a/bible/kt/propitiation/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/propitiation/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,15 @@ ## Definition -The term "propitiation" refers to something that is done to satisfy the justice of God and to appease his wrath. +The term "propitiation" refers to a sacrifice that is made to satisfy or fulfill the justice of God and to appease his wrath. * The offering of the sacrificial blood of Jesus Christ is the propitiation to God for mankind's sins. -* Jesus' death on the cross allows God to look on us with favor and to offer us eternal life. +* Jesus' death on the cross appeased God's wrath against sin. This provided a way for God to look on people with favor and offer them eternal life. ## Translation Suggestions -* This term could be translated as "satisfaction" or "appeasement" or "causing God to look on us with favor." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could be translated as "appeasement" or "causing God to forgive sins and grant favor to people." +* The word "atonement" is close in meaning to "propitiation." It is important to compare how these two terms are used. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/purify/01.md b/bible/kt/purify/01.md index 186585c1..684240ad 100644 --- a/bible/kt/purify/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/purify/01.md @@ -14,5 +14,7 @@ To be "pure" means to have no flaw or to have nothing mixed in that is not suppo -* The term "purify" could be translated as "make pure" or "cleanse" or "cleanse from all contamination" or "get rid of all sin. -* A phrase such as, "when the time for their purification was over" could be translated as, "when they had purified themselves by waiting the required number of days" \ No newline at end of file +* The term "purify" could be translated as "make pure" or "cleanse" or "cleanse from all contamination" or "get rid of all sin." +* A phrase such as, "when the time for their purification was over" could be translated as, "when they had purified themselves by waiting the required number of days." +* The phrase, "provided purification for sins" could be translated as, "provided a way for people to be completely cleansed from their sin." +* Other ways to translate "purification" could include, "cleansing" or "spiritual washing" or "becoming ritually clean." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/rabbi/01.md b/bible/kt/rabbi/01.md index a747ad5f..934b4cd0 100644 --- a/bible/kt/rabbi/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/rabbi/01.md @@ -2,19 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -The term "Rabbi" was a title of respect and honor used to address a man who was a Jewish religious teacher, especially a teacher of God's laws. +The term "Rabbi" literally means, "my master" or "my teacher." -* Literally, "Rabbi" means "my master" or "my teacher." +* It was a title of respect that was used to address a man who was a Jewish religious teacher, especially a teacher of God's laws. * Both John the Baptist and Jesus were sometimes called "Rabbi" by their disciples. -* "Rabbi" is also a title that the Pharisees liked for people to address them with. ## Translation Suggestions -* Ways to translate this term could include, "My Master" or "My Teacher" or "Honorable Teacher" or "Religious Teacher." -* There may be a special way that teachers are addressed in the language that the Bible is being translated into. -* Make sure the translation of this doesn't sound like Jesus was a schoolteacher. -* Some languages may capitalize a greeting like this, but others may not. +* Ways to translate this term could include, "My Master" or "My Teacher" or "Honorable Teacher" or "Religious Teacher." Some languages may capitalize a greeting like this, while others may not. +* The project language may also have a special way that teachers are normally addressed. +* Make sure the translation of this term does not sound like Jesus was a schoolteacher. * Also consider how "Rabbi" is translated in a Bible translation in a related language or a national language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/ransom/01.md b/bible/kt/ransom/01.md index 59c84fed..71c4f2bc 100644 --- a/bible/kt/ransom/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/ransom/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -Ransom is a sum of money or other payment that is demanded or paid for the release of a person who is held captive. +The term "ransom" refers to a sum of money or other payment that is demanded or paid for the release of a person who is held captive. -* As a verb, "to ransom" means to make a payment or to do something self-sacrificially in order to rescue someone who has been captured, enslaved or imprisoned. This meaning of "buy back" is similar to the meaning of "redeem". +* As a verb, "to ransom" means to make a payment or to do something self-sacrificially in order to rescue someone who has been captured, enslaved or imprisoned. This meaning of "buy back" is similar to the meaning of "redeem." * Jesus allowed himself to be killed as a ransom to free sinful people from their enslavement to sin. This act of God buying back his people through paying the penalty of their sin is also called "redemption" in the Bible. diff --git a/bible/kt/reconcile/01.md b/bible/kt/reconcile/01.md index 3d1fa727..5a872584 100644 --- a/bible/kt/reconcile/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/reconcile/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The term "reconcile" means to make peace between people who were formerly enemies with each other. "Reconciliation" is the process or act of bringing about that peaceful relationship. +The terms "reconcile" and "reconciliation" refer to "making peace" between people who were formerly enemies with each other. -* Mankind can only be reconciled to God through the death of his Son, Jesus Christ. -* A husband and wife who have difficulties in their marriage can reconcile with each other. -* Friends who have offended or hurt each other can reconcile to become friends again. +* In the Bible, this term usually refers to God reconciling people to himself through the sacrifice of his Son, Jesus Christ. +* Because of sin, all human beings are God's enemies. But because of his compassionate love, God provided a way for people to be reconciled to him through Jesus. +* Through trusting in Jesus' sacrifice as payment for their sin, people can be forgiven and have peace with God. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ The term "reconcile" means to make peace between people who were formerly enemie * The term "reconcile" could also be translated as, "make peace" or "restore good relations" or "cause to be friends." -* The term "reconciliation" could be translated as "restoration of good relations" or "making peace." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "reconciliation" could be translated as "restoring good relations" or "making peace" or "causing peaceful relating." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/redeem/01.md b/bible/kt/redeem/01.md index 47b25dd9..6ea5eeac 100644 --- a/bible/kt/redeem/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/redeem/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,17 @@ -# redeem, redemption +# redeem, redemption, redeemer ## Definition -To redeem something is to buy back something that was previously owned or that was held captive. Redemption is the act of redeeming. +The terms "redeem" and "redemption" refer to buying back something that was previously owned or held captive. A "redeemer" is someone who redeems something or someone. -* God required that the Israelites give their first-born males +* God gave laws to the Israelites about how to redeem people or things. +* For example, someone could redeem a person who was in slavery by paying the price so that the slave could go free. The word "ransom" also refers to this practice. +* If someone's land had been sold, a relative of that person could "redeem" or "buy back" that land so that it would stay in the family. +* These practices show how God redeems people who are in slavery to sin. When he died on the cross, Jesus paid the full payment for people's sins and redeemed all those who trust in him for salvation. People who have been redeemed by God are set free from sin and its punishment. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "redeem" could also be translated as "to buy back" or "to pay to free someone \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, the term "redeem" could also be translated as "buy back" or "pay to free \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/refuge/01.md b/bible/kt/refuge/01.md index 813ca2c2..81a3195c 100644 --- a/bible/kt/refuge/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/refuge/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,21 @@ -# refuge +# refuge, shelter ## Definition -A refuge is a place of safety, shelter and protection. +The term "refuge" refers to a place or condition of safety and protection. A "shelter" refers to a physical structure that protects from weather or danger. * In the Bible, God is often referred to as a refuge where his people can be safe, protected, and cared for. -* The term, "city of refuge" describes six cities mentioned in Leviticus where a person who accidentally killed someone could go and be safe from attack. -* The term "refuge" could be translated as "safe place" or "place of protection." \ No newline at end of file +* The term, "city of refuge" in the Old Testament referred to certain cities where a person who accidentally killed someone could run to for protection from people who would attack them in revenge. +* A "shelter" is often a physical structure such as a building or roof that can provide protection to people or animals. This is different from the more general term "refuge" which is often not a specific place or structure. +* Sometimes "shelter" means "protection" as when Lot said that his guests were "under the shelter" of his roof. He was saying that they should be safe because they were in his house. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The term "refuge" could be translated as "safe place" or "place of protection." +* Depending on the context, the term "shelter" could be translated as, "something that protects" or "protection" or "protected place." +* If it refers to a physical structure, "shelter" could also be translated as +* The phrase "into safe shelter" could be translated as "into a safe place" or "into a place that will protect." +a shelter from the wind and a refuge from the stormtake shelterfind sheltermade a small shelterrested in the shelterbrought under a shelter \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/reveal/01.md b/bible/kt/reveal/01.md index ee00bdcf..48cf4ce0 100644 --- a/bible/kt/reveal/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/reveal/01.md @@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ The term "reveal" means to cause something to be seen or known. A "revelation" i * In the Bible, the term "reveal" is often used to describe how God has made himself known to people. * God has revealed himself through everything he has created and through his communication with people by spoken and written messages. +* Many times in the Bible, God also revealed himself through dreams or visions. He also reveals himself to people through dreams and visions in the present time. * When Paul refers to receiving the gospel by "revelation from Jesus Christ," he means that Jesus is the one who explained the gospel to him. -* The book called "Revelation" is about God revealing to John many things regarding what will happen in the end times. +* The book called "Revelation" is about God revealing events that will happen in the end times. He did this through a series of visions that he gave to the apostle John. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,5 +16,5 @@ The term "reveal" means to cause something to be seen or known. A "revelation" i * Other ways to translate "reveal" could include, "make known" or "disclose" or "show clearly." -* Depending on the context, possible ways to translate "revelation" could be, "message" or "communication from God" or "things that God has revealed" or "teachings from God" or "a disclosure." -* The phrase, "where there is no revelation" could be translated as, "when God does not reveal himself to people." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, possible ways to translate "revelation" could be, "message" or "communication from God" or "things that God has revealed" or "teachings from God." +* The phrase, "where there is no revelation" could be translated as, "when God does not reveal himself to people" or "when God has not spoken to people" or "among people whom God has not spoken to." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/righthand/01.md b/bible/kt/righthand/01.md index e73577b6..00337ad7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/righthand/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/righthand/01.md @@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ The figurative expression "right hand" refers to the place of honor on the right side of a ruler or other important individual. * The right hand is also used as a symbol of power, authority, or strength. -* The Bible describes Jesus as sitting "at the right hand of" God the Father as the head of the body of believers +* The Bible describes Jesus as sitting "at the right hand of" God the Father as the head of the body of believers (the Church) and in control as ruler of all creation. +* A person's right hand was used to show special honor when placed on the head of someone being given a blessing (as when Israel blessed Joseph's son Ephraim). +* To serve at someone's right hand means to be the one whose service is especially helpful and important to that person. ## Translation Suggestions -* If being at someone's "right hand" is an idiom in the language and has the same meaning, then it can be used to translate this term. -* If this would give a wrong meaning or would have no meaning in the language of translation, then a different idiom or term should be used. -* Another way to translate "at the right hand of" would be, "to the right of" or "beside him to the right" or "in the place of honor." -* This could also combine the idiom with an explanation such as, "in the place of honor on the right side of." \ No newline at end of file +* If "right hand" does not have the same meaning in the language of translation, then other ways to translate this could include, "power" or "authority" or "place of honor" or "helper" or "is an idiom in the language and has the same meaning, then it can be used to translate this term. +* When talking about Yahweh, a phrase such as "his right hand and his mighty arm" is a figure of speech that refers to his power and great strength. These two ways of saying the same thing emphasize this point. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/sabbath/01.md b/bible/kt/sabbath/01.md index d013c69f..87f89eb7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/sabbath/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/sabbath/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ The Sabbath day was a special day each week that God commanded the Israelites to set apart as a day of rest. -* Each Sabbath is the seventh +* Each Sabbath is the seventh (last) day of every week. +* After God finished creating the world in six days, he rested on the seventh day. In the same way, God commanded the Israelites to set aside the seventh day as a special day to rest and worship him. +* For the Jews, the Sabbath begins on Friday at sundown and lasts until Saturday at sundown. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/save/01.md b/bible/kt/save/01.md index cd76de8c..f7fe98af 100644 --- a/bible/kt/save/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/save/01.md @@ -1,16 +1,19 @@ -# save +# save, safe ## Definition -To save someone or something is to rescue that person or thing from something bad or harmful. +The term "save" refers to keeping someone or something from experiencing something bad or harmful. To "be safe" means to be protected from harm or danger. -* In a physical sense, people can be saved from harm, danger, or death. -* In a spiritual sense, if a person has been "saved," it means that through Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished for his sin. -* Only God can save people from being punished for their sins. +* The term "rescue" has a very similar meaning but usually implies that someone is being taken away from a situation in which he is already experiencing harm. +* In a physical sense, people can be saved or rescued from harm, danger, or death. +* In a spiritual sense, if a person has been "saved," it means that through Jesus' death on the cross, God has forgiven him and rescued him from being punished in hell for his sin. +* People can save or rescue people from danger, but only God can save people from being punished eternally for their sins. ## Translation Suggestions -* Ways to translate "save" could include, "deliver" or "rescue" or "pull away from danger." \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate "save" could include, "deliver" or "keep from harm" or "take out of harm's way" or "pull away from danger." +* The term "safe" could be translated as "protected from harm" or "out of harm's way" or "in a place where nothing can harm." +* The term "rescue" could also be translated as "take \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/sign/01.md b/bible/kt/sign/01.md index dc7ff3f7..ab70257b 100644 --- a/bible/kt/sign/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/sign/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# sign (proof, reminder) +# sign, proof, reminder ## Definition diff --git a/bible/kt/sonofman/01.md b/bible/kt/sonofman/01.md index d9279c4f..128887fa 100644 --- a/bible/kt/sonofman/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/sonofman/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,20 @@ -# Son of Man +# Son of Man, son of man ## Definition -The title, "Son of Man" is best known for how Jesus used it to refer to himself. There are different ways this term is used in the Bible. +The title, "Son of Man" is best known for how Jesus used it to refer to himself. In the Old Testament, the term "son of man" was also a way of addressing a man. * In the Old Testament, the phrase, "son of man" is often used to mean "man" or "human being." -* God used "son of man" as a form of address, as when he said to the prophet Ezekiel, "…you, son of man, must prophesy…" -* Jesus often used this term to refer to himself instead of saying "I" or "me." Some have said that during that time period, it was a modest way of referring to oneself. -* The prophet Daniel saw a vision of a "son of man" coming with the clouds, which is a reference to the coming Messiah. Jesus also said that the Son of Man will be coming back someday on the clouds. Many years after that, the apostle John saw a vision of a "son of man" sitting on the clouds. These references to coming on the clouds reveal that the Son of Man is also God. -* The title "Son of Man" also emphasizes Jesus' humanity, which shows that he is both fully God and fully human. +* God used "son of man" as a form of address, as when he said to the prophet Ezekiel, "…you, son of man, must prophesy…" This form of address is used throughout the book of Ezekiel. +* Jesus often used this term to refer to himself instead of saying "I" or "me." It may also have been a modest way of referring to oneself during that time period. +* The prophet Daniel saw a vision of a "son of man" coming with the clouds, which is a reference to the coming Messiah. Jesus also said that the Son of Man will be coming back someday on the clouds. +* Many years after that, the apostle John saw a vision of a "son of man" sitting on the clouds. +* These references to the Son of Man coming, sitting, or riding on the clouds reveal that Jesus is God. ## Translation Suggestions -* When Jesus uses it, this term can be translated as, "the One who became a human being" or "the Man from heaven" or "the one who came from heaven." +* When Jesus uses the term "Son of Man," other ways to translate it could include, "the One who became a human being" or "the Man from heaven" or "the one who came from heaven." * Some translators occasionally include "I" or "me" with this title \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/spirit/01.md b/bible/kt/spirit/01.md index c9c089e3..2e811034 100644 --- a/bible/kt/spirit/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/spirit/01.md @@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -The spirit is the non-physical part of people which cannot be seen. When a person dies, his spirit leaves his body. +The term "spirit" refers to the non-physical part of people which cannot be seen. When a person dies, his spirit leaves his body. -* A person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. The spirit is also the part of a person that relates to other people. -* In general, the term "spiritual" describes anything that relates to the non-physical world. -* In the Bible, the term "spiritual" especially refers to anything that relates to God, specifically to the Holy Spirit. So for example: "spiritual food" refers to God's teachings that give nourishment to a person's spirit, "spiritual wisdom" refers to the knowledge and righteous behavior that come from the power of the Holy Spirit. -* God is a spirit and he created other spirit beings such as angels, including those who rebelled against him and became evil spirits. +* The term "spirit" can refer to a being that does not have a physical body, especially an evil spirit. +* A person's spirit is the part of him that can know God and believe in him. +* In general, the term "spiritual" describes anything in the non-physical world. +* In the Bible, the term "spiritual" especially refers to anything that relates to God, specifically to the Holy Spirit. +* For example, "spiritual food" refers to God's teachings that give nourishment to a person's spirit, "spiritual wisdom" refers to the knowledge and righteous behavior that come from the power of the Holy Spirit. +* God is a spirit and he created other spirit beings which do not have physical bodies. +* Angels are spirit beings, including those who rebelled against God and became evil spirits. +* The term "spirit of" can also mean "having the characteristics of," such as the "spirit of wisdom." ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,7 +19,9 @@ The spirit is the non-physical part of people which cannot be seen. When a perso * Depending on the context, some ways to translate "spirit" might include, "soul" or "non-physical being" or "inside part" or "inner being." +* In some contexts, the term "spirit" could be translated as "evil spirit" or "evil spirit being." * Sometimes the term "spirit" is used to express the feelings of a person as in, "my spirit was grieved in my inmost being." This could also be translated as, "I felt grieved in my spirit" or "I felt deeply grieved." -* The term "spiritual" could be translated as, "non-physical" or "from the Holy Spirit" or "part of the non-physical world." +* The phrase "spirit of" could be translated as, "wisdom of" or "character of" or "influence of." +* Depending on the context, "spiritual" could be translated as, "non-physical" or "from the Holy Spirit" or "God's" or "part of the non-physical world." * The following are possible translations for these phrases: * spiritual milk \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/tabernacle/01.md b/bible/kt/tabernacle/01.md index c65282ab..0f1b25b8 100644 --- a/bible/kt/tabernacle/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/tabernacle/01.md @@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ The tabernacle was a special tent-like structure where the Israelites worshiped * God had given the Israelites detailed instructions for building this large tent, which had two rooms and was surrounded by an enclosed courtyard. * Each time the Israelites moved to a new place to live in the desert, the priests would take apart the tabernacle and carry its parts to their next campsite. Then they would set it up again in the center of their new camp. * The tabernacle was constructed of wood frames hung with curtains made of cloth, goat hair, and animal skins. The courtyard surrounding it was enclosed with more curtains. -* The two sections of the tabernacle were the Holy Place +* The two sections of the tabernacle were the Holy Place (where the altar for burning incense was located) and the Most Holy Place (where the ark of the covenant was kept). +* The courtyard of the tabernacle had an altar for burning animal sacrifices and a special washbasin for ritual cleansing. +* The Israelites stopped using the tabernacle when King Solomon had the temple built in Jerusalem. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/teacher/01.md b/bible/kt/teacher/01.md index f43286d0..d30c1b71 100644 --- a/bible/kt/teacher/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/teacher/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -A teacher is a person who instructs other people. Teachers help others to obtain and use both knowledge and skills. +A teacher is a person who gives other people new information. Teachers help others to obtain and use both knowledge and skills. * In the Bible, the word "teacher" is used in a special sense to refer to someone who teaches about God. It does not refer to a school teacher for children. * People who learn from a teacher are called "students" or "disciples." -* In some Bible translations, this term is capitalized +* In some Bible translations, this term is capitalized ("Teacher") when it is used as a title for Jesus. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/test/01.md b/bible/kt/test/01.md index 23c4b6ec..859e3690 100644 --- a/bible/kt/test/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/test/01.md @@ -2,17 +2,20 @@ ## Definition -A test refers to difficult circumstances God allows in a person's life. To "put something to a test" can also be used to mean, "to challenge something or someone for proof." +The term "test" refers to a difficult or painful experience that reveals a person's strengths and weaknesses. -* God sometimes uses tests to expose people's sin. -* God also sometimes uses tests to demonstrate that people trust him. -* God often uses Satan as the agent of testing in the Bible. -* Unlike God, Satan does not simply test people, but instead he tempts them to sin. -* People do not have the right to "put God to a test" because he is always faithful and holy. +* God sometimes uses tests to expose people's sin. A test helps a person to turn away from sin and to draw closer to God. +* Gold and other metals are tested with fire to find out how pure and strong they are. This is a picture of how God uses painful circumstances to test his people. +* To "put to the test" can mean, "challenge something or someone to prove its value." +* Jesus told Satan that it is wrong to put God to the test. He is the almighty, holy God who is above everything and everyone. +* God tests people, but he does not tempt them. Satan, however, tempts people to sin. ## Translation Suggestions -* This can also be translated as "challenge." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "to test" could also be translated as, "to challenge" or "to cause to experience difficulties" or "to prove." +* Ways to translate "a test" could be, "a challenge" or "a difficult experience." +* To "put to the test" could be translated as "to test" or "to set up a challenge" or "to force to prove oneself." +* The terms "test" and "tempt" should usually be translated differently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/testimony/01.md b/bible/kt/testimony/01.md index 7af52cda..d71047fd 100644 --- a/bible/kt/testimony/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/testimony/01.md @@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ The terms "testimony" and "testify" refer to making a statement about something that one knows to be true. Often a person testifies about something he has experienced directly. +* The phrase "give testimony" often refers to a witness in a court case who states what happened. +* A witness who gives "false testimony" does not tell the truth about what happened. +* Sometimes the term "testimony" refers to a prophecy that a prophet has stated. * In the New Testament, this term is often used to refer to how Jesus' followers testified about the events of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. -* In the first five books of the Old Testament, the term "testimony" is used in a different way to refer to the Ten Commandments that God wrote on two stone tablets and gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. -* In the remainder of the Old Testament, "testimony" often refers more generally to God's rules, statutes, and laws. -* These commands were a testimony to God's covenant relationship with his people. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,4 +15,9 @@ The terms "testimony" and "testify" refer to making a statement about something * The term "testify" or "give testimony" could also be translated as, "tell the facts" or "tell what was seen or heard" or "give evidence" or "tell what happened." -* As related to that meaning, the word "testimony" could be translated as, "report of what happened" or "statement of what is true" or "evidence" or "record of what they experienced." or "what has been said \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate "testimony" could include, "report of what happened" or "statement of what is true" or "evidence" or "what has been said" or "prophecy." +* The phrase, "as a testimony to them" could be translated as, "to show them what is true" or "to prove to them what is true." +* The phrase, "as a testimony against them" could be translated as, "which will show them their sin" or "exposing their hypocrisy" or "which will prove that they are wrong." +* To "give false testimony" could be translated as "say false things about" or "state things that are not true about someone." +* When it refers to the the commandments that testify to God's covenant relationship, "testimony" could be translated as, "commands, which testify that Yahweh is God" or "evidence." +* The term "ark of the testimony" could be translated as, "ark containing God's covenant commands." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/transgression/01.md b/bible/kt/transgression/01.md index e0c7e834..94d74620 100644 --- a/bible/kt/transgression/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/transgression/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ A transgression is a disobedient act that breaks a command, rule, or moral code. To transgress means to deliberately turn away from something God has called you to do. * Metaphorically, transgression can be referred to as "crossing a line," that is, going beyond a limit that has been set for the good of the person and others. -* The Bible talks about "transgression" +* The Bible talks about "transgression" (rebellion), "sin" (acts of wrongdoing) and "iniquity" (wickedness). They all include the meaning of acting against God's will and violating his commands. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/turn/01.md b/bible/kt/turn/01.md index 82ae9042..cbf47268 100644 --- a/bible/kt/turn/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/turn/01.md @@ -1,15 +1,18 @@ -# turn, turn away +# turn, turn away, return ## Definition To "turn" or "turn away" means to physically change direction or to cause something else to change direction. +* The term "return to" means to go back to where one was before. Figuratively it can be used to mean "start doing again." +* To return something means to give it back. * To "turn toward" someone means to "face" that person directly, usually in order to speak to him. -* To "turn back" means to "return" or to "go away" from someone. +* To "turn back" means to "go away" from someone or something. * When the text says that someone "turned and left" or "turned his back to leave," it means he turned around and went in a different direction away from the people he was with. * In a figurative sense, to "turn away from" means to stop doing something, and to "turn back to" means to start doing something again. -* These idioms are frequently used to describe how God's people turned away from worshiping him and turned to worshiping idols, or when they stopped worshiping idols and started worshiping God again. -* When God "turns away" from his people, it means that he stops protecting or helping them +* These idioms are frequently used to describe how God's people "turned away from" worshiping him and "turned to" worshiping idols, or when they stopped worshiping idols and started worshiping God again. +* When God "turns away" from his people, it means that he stops protecting or helping them (especially when they rebel against him). +* To "turn into" can also mean to "become" or to "cause to become." For example when Moses' rod "turned into" a snake it meant that it had become a snake. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,9 +20,8 @@ To "turn" or "turn away" means to physically change direction or to cause someth * Depending on the context, "turn" can be translated as "change direction" or "go" or "move" -* Depending on the context, "turn from" could be translated as, "stop" or "go away from." -* The phrase, "turn to" or "turn back to" could be translated as, "start" or "return" or "face" or "go toward." -* When Israel "turned to" false gods, it meant that they had "started to" worship them. When they "turned away" from idols, it meant they had "stopped" worshiping them. -* In the context of when God "turned away from" his people, this could be translated as "stopped protecting" or "stopped helping." -* The phrase "turn the hearts of the fathers to their children" could be translated as, "cause the fathers to care for their children again." -* Expressions like, "turn my glory into shame" could be translated as, "cause my glory to become shame." \ No newline at end of file +* When enemies "turn back," it means they "retreat." +* Used figuratively, when Israel "turned to" false gods, it meant that they had "started to worship" them. When they "turned away" from idols, it meant they had "stopped worshiping" them. +* In the context of when God "turned away from" his people, this phrase could be translated as "stopped protecting" or "stopped helping." +* The phrase "turn the hearts of the fathers to their children" could be translated as, "cause fathers to care for their children again." +* The expression, "turn my honor into shame" could be translated as, "cause my honor to become shame" or "dishonor me so that I am shamed" or "shame me \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/unjust/01.md b/bible/kt/unjust/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6c1712bd --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/kt/unjust/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# unjust, unjustly, injustice + +## Definition + +The terms "unjust" and "unjustly" refer to treating people in an unfair, and often, harmful manner. + +* An "injustice" is something bad that is done to someone that the person did not deserve. It refers to unfair treatment of people. +* Injustice means that some people are treated badly while others are treated well. +* Someone who is acting in an unjust way is being "partial" or "prejudiced" because he is not treating people equally well. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The term "unjust" could also be translated as "unfair" or "partial" or "prejudiced," depending on the context. +* Sometimes "unjust" can be translated in a similar way to "unrighteous." +* The phrase "the unjust" could be translated as "the unjust ones" or "unjust people" or "people who treat others unfairly" or "unrighteous people" or "people who disobey God." +* The term "unjustly" could be translated as, "in an unfair manner" or "wrongly" or "unfairly." +* Ways to translate "injustice" could include, "wrong treatment" or "unfair treatment" or "acting unfairly." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/upright/01.md b/bible/kt/upright/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b29590ac --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/kt/upright/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# upright, uprightness + +## Definition + +The terms "upright" and "uprightness" refer to acting in a way that follows God's laws. + +* A person who is "upright" is someone who follows God's rules and does not do things that are morally deviant. +* The meaning of these words includes the idea of walking in a straight path without deviating to one side or the other. +* Terms such as "integrity" and "righteous" have similar meanings and are sometimes used in parallelism constructions, such as "integrity and uprightness." (See: parallelism) + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* Ways to translate "upright" could include, "acting rightly" or "one who acts rightly" or "following God's laws" or "obedient to God" or "behaving in a way that is right." +* The term "uprightness" could be translated as, "moral purity" or "good moral conduct" or "rightness." +* The phrase "the upright" could be translated as "people who are upright" or "upright people." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/walk/01.md b/bible/kt/walk/01.md index 6fcf40d2..cc4d6d8b 100644 --- a/bible/kt/walk/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/walk/01.md @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ The term "walk" is often used in a figurative sense to mean "live." * To "walk in" God's commands or God's ways means to "live in obedience to" his commands, that is, to "obey his commands" or "do his will." * When God says he will "walk among" his people it means that he is living among them. * To "walk contrary to" means to live or behave in a way that is against something or someone. +* To "walk after" means to seek or pursue someone or something. It can also mean to act in the same way as someone else. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/kt/woe/01.md b/bible/kt/woe/01.md index 1ea22c98..757aa1d7 100644 --- a/bible/kt/woe/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/woe/01.md @@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ ## Definition -The term "woe" refers to a feeling or event of great sorrow or distress. +The term "woe" refers to a feeling of great distress or signals a warning that someone will experience severe trouble. -* The word "woe" often introduces a statement that someone is going to regret something or be severely punished. +* The phrase "woe to" is followed by a warning to a person or group of people (as in a city) that they will experience suffering as punishment for their sins. * In several places in the Bible, the word "woe" is repeated, to emphasize an especially terrible judgment. +* The phrase "woe is me" or "woe to me" expresses sorrow because of severe suffering that someone is experiencing. ## Translation Suggestions -* Depending on the context, the term "woe" could also be translated as "sorrow" or "sadness" or "calamity" or "disaster." -* Other ways to translate the phrase "Woe to" could include, "How terrible it will be for" or " \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, the term "woe" could also be translated as "great sorrow" or "sadness" or "calamity" or "disaster." +* Other ways to translate the phrase, "Woe to \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/wordofgod/01.md b/bible/kt/wordofgod/01.md index 270658d1..e750618d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/wordofgod/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/wordofgod/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -The term "word of God" is a general term that refers to anything that God has communicated to people. This includes spoken and written messages. +The term "word of God" refers to anything that God has communicated to people. This includes spoken and written messages. -* The related terms "word of Yahweh" and "word of the Lord" often refer to a specific message from God that was given to a prophet or other person in the Bible. -* The term "scriptures" refers to the written message that God told people to write. * Many years after God's words were written down, people can still read these scriptures and know God's teachings. +* The term "scriptures" refers specifically to the written message that God told people to write. +* The related terms "word of Yahweh" and "word of the Lord" often refer to a specific message from God that was given to a prophet or other person in the Bible. +* Sometimes this occurs as simply "the word" or "my word" or "your word" (when talking about God's word). * In the New Testament, Jesus is called "the Word" and "the Word of God." These titles mean that Jesus fully reveals who God is, because he is God himself. diff --git a/bible/kt/works/01.md b/bible/kt/works/01.md index 36beb0b1..cbeb0c4d 100644 --- a/bible/kt/works/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/works/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -# works, deeds, work +# works, deeds, work, acts ## Definition -In the Bible, the terms "works" and "deeds" are general terms that refer to good or bad things that someone does, including what he thinks or says. The term "work" also refers to what people do, usually in relation to serving God and other people. +In the Bible, the terms "works," "deeds," and "acts" are used to refer generally to things that God or people do. -* God's works are all the things he does or has done, including creating the world and other miracles. +* The term "work" refers to doing labor or anything that is done to serve other people. +* God's "works" and the "work of his hands" are idioms that refer to all the things he does or has done, including creating the world, saving sinners, providing for the needs of all creation and keeping the entire universe in place. The terms "deeds" and "acts" are also used to refer to God's miracles in expressions such as, "mighty acts" or "marvelous deeds." * The works or deeds that a person does can be either good or evil. * The Holy Spirit empowers believers to do good works, which are also called "good fruit." * People are not saved by their good works; they are saved through faith in Jesus. -* A person's "work" can be what he does to earn a living or to serve God. +* A person's "work" can be what he does to earn a living or to serve God. The Bible also refers to God as "working." ## Translation Suggestions @@ -16,9 +17,9 @@ In the Bible, the terms "works" and "deeds" are general terms that refer to good * Other ways to translate "works" or "deeds" could be, "actions" or "things that are done." -* Make sure that the words used to translate these terms can include words and thoughts. -* When referring to God's works or deeds, these could also be translated as, "miracles" or "mighty acts" or "amazing things he does." -* The phrase, "the work of God" coudl be translated as, "the things that God is doing." -* The term "work" can just be the singular of "works" as in, "every good work" or "every good deed." But it also can have the broader meaning of "service" or "ministry" as in, "your work in the Lord" or "examine your own work." These could also be translated as "what you do for the Lord" or "make sure what you are doing is God's will." -* The phrase "the work of the Holy Spirit" could be translated as, "the empowering of the Holy Spirit" or "the ministry of hte Holy Spirit" or "the things that the Holy Spirit does." -* The idiom "at work" could be translated as, "working" or "empowering." \ No newline at end of file +* Make sure that the words used to translate "works" can include words and thoughts. +* When referring to God's "works" or "deeds" and the "work of his hands," these expressions could also be translated as, "miracles" or "mighty acts" or "amazing things he does." +* The phrase, "the work of God" could be translated as, "the things that God is doing" or "the miracles God does" or "the amazing things that God does" or "everything God has accomplished." +* The term "work" can just be the singular of "works" as in, "every good work" or "every good deed." +* The term "work" can also have the broader meaning of "service" or "ministry." For example, the expression, "your work in the Lord" could also be translated as, "what you do for the Lord." The expression, "examine your own work" could also be translated as, "make sure what you are doing is God's will" or "make sure you are doing the best that you can." +* The phrase "the work of the Holy Spirit" could be translated as, "the empowering of the Holy Spirit" or "the ministry of the Holy Spirit" or "the things that the Holy Spirit does." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/worthy/01.md b/bible/kt/worthy/01.md index afa11e3c..31ef3984 100644 --- a/bible/kt/worthy/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/worthy/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -# worthy, worth, unworthy +# worthy, worth, unworthy, worthless ## Definition -The term "worthy" describes someone or something that deserves respect or honor. To "have worth" means to be valuable or important. +The term "worthy" describes someone or something that deserves respect or honor. To "have worth" means to be valuable or important. The term "worthless" means to not have any value. * Being worthy is related to being valuable or having importance * To be "unworthy" means to not be deserving of any special notice. * To not feel worthy means to feel less important than someone else or to not feel deserving of being treated with honor or kindness. +* The term "unworthy" and the term "worthless" have related, but different meanings. To be "unworthy" means to not be deserving of any honor or recognition. To be "worthless" means to not have any purpose or value. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,4 +18,5 @@ The term "worthy" describes someone or something that deserves respect or honor. * The word "worth" could be translated as, "value" or "importance." * The phrase "to have worth" could also be translated as "to be valuable" or "to be important." * The phrase, "is worth more than" could be translated as, "is more valuable than." -* Depending on the context, the term, "unworthy" could also be translated as "unimportant" or "dishonorable" or "undeserving." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, the term, "unworthy" could also be translated as "unimportant" or "dishonorable" or "undeserving." +* The term "worthless" could be translated as, "with no value" or "with no purpose" or "worth nothing." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/wrath/01.md b/bible/kt/wrath/01.md index 092f5a5c..bd350bdf 100644 --- a/bible/kt/wrath/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/wrath/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# wrath +# wrath, fury ## Definition diff --git a/bible/kt/yahweh/01.md b/bible/kt/yahweh/01.md index 883a94af..c5202670 100644 --- a/bible/kt/yahweh/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/yahweh/01.md @@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ ## Facts -This is God's personal name that he revealed to Moses at the burning bush. God said that this was his name forever. +The term "Yahweh" is God's personal name that he revealed to Moses at the burning bush. God said that this was his name forever. * The name "Yahweh" comes from the word meaning "to be." -* This name can mean "he is" or "I am" or "the one who causes to be." +* It can mean "he is" or "I am" or "the one who causes to be." * This name reveals that God is eternal; he has always lived and will continue to live forever. He did not need anyone to create him or to give him life. It also means that he is always present. * Many Bible versions in major languages such as English, French, and Spanish have used an equivalent of "the LORD" to represent "Yahweh," as in the phrase, "I am the LORD your God" and in many other contexts. -* However, the ULB and UDB only use "Yahweh" to translate God's name, "Yahweh." -* In the New Testament, God is referred to as "Lord" or "God." The term "Yahweh" is not used in the New Testament. +* However, the ULB and UDB only translate God's name literally, as "Yahweh." +* In the New Testament, the original text uses the terms, "God" or "Lord" or "Father" to refer to God; the term "Yahweh" is not used in the New Testament. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -17,4 +17,5 @@ This is God's personal name that he revealed to Moses at the burning bush. God s * This term could be translated by a word or phrase that means "I am" or "living one" or "the one who is" or "he who is alive." -* Note that the ULB text only translates God's name literally, as "Yahweh." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could also be written in a similar way to how "Yahweh" is spelled. +* Note that "Jehovah" is //not// a good translation of this term. In the past, the Jews said "Lord" instead of Yahweh and eventually some people took the vowels from the Hebrew word for Lord and replaced the vowels in the Hebrew word Yahweh. This resulted in the contrived spelling, "Jehovah," which is //not// an accurate way to spell God's personal name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts/01.md b/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts/01.md index 0c3116dc..17291357 100644 --- a/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts/01.md +++ b/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The term "hosts" is an older word that refers to a large number of something, such as an army of people. +The term "host" or "hosts" is a word that refers to a large number of something, such as an army of people or the massive number of stars. * Older versions of the English Bible use the term "hosts" to refer to angels, armies, and stars. * The expression "Yahweh of hosts" or "God of hosts" is a title that expresses God's authority over the thousands of angels who obey him. +* The phrase "host of heaven" refers to all the stars, planets and other heavenly bodies. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/other/12tribesofisrael/01.md b/bible/other/12tribesofisrael/01.md index 861901c1..e8d821df 100644 --- a/bible/other/12tribesofisrael/01.md +++ b/bible/other/12tribesofisrael/01.md @@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ The twelve tribes of Israel refer to the twelve sons of Jacob and their descendants. -* Jacob was the grandson of Abraham, and God changed Jacob's name to Israel. Both the name "Jacob" and the name "Israel" refer to the same person. -* These are the names of the tribes: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin. The descendants of Levi did not inherit any land in Canaan because they were a tribe of priests who were set apart to serve God and his people. Joseph received a double inheritance of land, which was passed on to his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. -* The above list is generally accepted as the list of the tribes of Israel, but there are several places in the Bible where the list is altered slightly. For example, sometimes Levi, Joseph or Dan is omitted and sometimes Joseph’s two sons Ephraim and Manasseh are included. \ No newline at end of file +* Jacob was Abraham's grandson; God later changed Jacob's name to Israel. +* These are the names of the tribes: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin. +* The descendants of Levi did not inherit any land in Canaan because they were a tribe of priests who were set apart to serve God and his people. +* Joseph received a double inheritance of land, which was passed on to his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. +* There are several places in the Bible where the list of tribes is slightly different. For example, sometimes Levi, Joseph or Dan is left out of the list and sometimes Joseph’s two sons Ephraim and Manasseh are included in the list. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/abiathar/01.md b/bible/other/abiathar/01.md index 8788da9f..5f7d1ce1 100644 --- a/bible/other/abiathar/01.md +++ b/bible/other/abiathar/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,11 @@ -# Abiathar (Abiatar) +# Abiathar ## Definition -Abiathar was a high priest for the nation of Israel during the time of King David and King Solomon.Abiatar era un alto sacerdote para la nación de Israel durante el tiempo del rey David y rey Salomón. +Abiathar was a high priest for the nation of Israel during the time of King David and King Solomon. * Abiathar served alongside of the priest, Zadok. -* Abiatar sirvió junto al sacerdote, Zadok. * When King Saul massacred the priests, Abiathar escaped and went to David in the wilderness. -* Cuando el rey Saúl masacró los sacerdotes, Abiatar escapó y fue a donde David en el desierto. * After David's death, Abiathar turned against Solomon by helping Adonijah in his attempt to take away Solomon's kingship. -* Después de la muerte de David, Abiatar turnó contra Salomón ayudando a Adonías en su intento de tomar la monarquía de Salomón. * Because of this, Solomon removed Abiathar from the priesthood. -* Por esto, Salomón removió a Abiatar del sacerdocio. \ No newline at end of file + (See also: [[other/zadok]], [[other/saul]], [[other/david]], [[other/solomon]], [[other/adonijah]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/abijah/01.md b/bible/other/abijah/01.md index 51fff57b..5bc19d22 100644 --- a/bible/other/abijah/01.md +++ b/bible/other/abijah/01.md @@ -5,8 +5,6 @@ Abijah was the name of a king of Judah who reigned from 915-913 BC. He was the son of King Rehoboam. There were also several other men named Abijah in the Old Testament. * One Abijah was a son of Samuel who led the people of Israel at Beersheba, along with his brother Joel. - * - * Abijah and Joel were dishonest, greedy leaders, so the people asked Samuel to appoint a king to rule them instead. * During the time of King David, one of the temple priests was named Abijah. * One of King Jeroboam's sons was also named Abijah. diff --git a/bible/other/absalom/01.md b/bible/other/absalom/01.md index 27fdffe3..5ef006ed 100644 --- a/bible/other/absalom/01.md +++ b/bible/other/absalom/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ Absalom was the third son of King David. He was known for his handsome appearance and fiery temperament. * When Absalom's sister Tamar was raped by their half-brother, Amnon, Absalom made a plan to have Amnon killed. -* After the murder of Amnon, Absalom fled to the region of Geshur \ No newline at end of file +* After the murder of Amnon, Absalom fled to the region of Geshur (where his mother Maacah was from) and stayed there three years. Then King David sent for him to come back to Jerusalem, but did not allow Absalom to come into his presence for two years. +* Absalom turned some of the people against King David and led a revolt against him. +* David's army fought against Absalom and killed him. David was very grieved when this happened. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/acacia/01.md b/bible/other/acacia/01.md index 9914ce15..2bb4e6b8 100644 --- a/bible/other/acacia/01.md +++ b/bible/other/acacia/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# acacia (acacia) +# acacia ## Definition diff --git a/bible/other/acknowledge/01.md b/bible/other/acknowledge/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..437bfe01 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/acknowledge/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# acknowledge + +## Facts + +The term "acknowledge" means to give proper recognition to something or someone. + +* To acknowledge God also involves acting in a way that shows that what he says is true. +* People who acknowledge God will show it by obeying him, which brings glory to his name. +* To acknowledge something means to believe that it is true, with actions and words that confirm that. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* In the context of acknowledging that something is true, "acknowledge" could be translated as "admit" or "declare" or "confess to be true" or "believe." +* When referring to acknowledging a person, this term could be translated as, "accept" or "recognize the value of" or "tell others that \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/adversary/01.md b/bible/other/adversary/01.md index fff56c4b..f5a78b0a 100644 --- a/bible/other/adversary/01.md +++ b/bible/other/adversary/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ An adversary is a person or group who is opposed to someone or something. * An adversary can be a person who tries to oppose you or harm you. * A nation can be called an "adversary" when it fights against another nation. * In the Bible, the devil is referred to as an "adversary" and an "enemy." -* Adversary may be translated as "opponent" or "enemy", but it suggests a strong form of opposition. \ No newline at end of file +* Adversary may be translated as "opponent" or "enemy," but it suggests a strong form of opposition. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ahaziah/01.md b/bible/other/ahaziah/01.md index dd4d674d..d7db06cc 100644 --- a/bible/other/ahaziah/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ahaziah/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ Ahaziah was the name of two kings: one ruled over the kingdom of Israel, the other ruled over the kingdom of Judah. -* Judah's King Ahaziah was the son of King Jehoram. He reigned for one year \ No newline at end of file +* Judah's King Ahaziah was the son of King Jehoram. He reigned for one year (841 BC) and then was killed by Jehu. Ahaziah's young son Joash eventually took his place as king. +* Israel's King Ahaziah was the son of King Ahab. He reigned for two years (850-49 BC). He died from injuries suffered in a fall at his palace and his brother Joram became king. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/alarm/01.md b/bible/other/alarm/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f9f40072 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/alarm/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# alarm, alarmed + +## Facts + +An alarm is something that warns people about something that could harm them. The blowing of a horn was one kind of alarm. To be alarmed is to be very worried and frightened about something dangerous or threatening. + +* In the Old Testament Jehoshapat King of Judah was alarmed when he heard that the Moabites were planning to attack Judah. +* In the New Testament Jesus said to not be alarmed when we hear about disasters happening in the last days. +* The idiom "sound the alarm" means to give a warning. In ancient times as well as today, the sounding of an alarm would involve making a noise with something like a trumpet or a bell. It could also mean telling people about the danger and having them warn others. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* To "alarm someone" means to "cause someone to worry" or "to worry someone." +* To "be alarmed" could be translated as "be worried" or "be frightened" or "be very concerned." +* The idiom "sound the alarm" could be translated by, "publicly warn" or "announce that danger is coming" or "blow a trumpet to warn about danger." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/amazed/01.md b/bible/other/amazed/01.md index 03ebf58f..dd220319 100644 --- a/bible/other/amazed/01.md +++ b/bible/other/amazed/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,12 @@ -# marvel, wonder, be amazed, be astonished +# marvel, wonder, amazed, astonished ## Definition -All these terms have a similar meaning and are English translations of various Greek words. To "marvel" or "wonder" at something, or to be "astonished" or "amazed," all mean to be "very surprised at something extraordinary that happened." +All these terms refer to being "very surprised at something extraordinary that happened." -* One of the Greek words is an idiom that means to "be struck with amazement." Another one means to "stand outside of \ No newline at end of file +* Some of these words are translations of Greek idioms that mean "struck with amazement" or "standing outside of (oneself)." These idioms express how very surprised or shocked the person was feeling. Other languages might also have idioms to express this. +* Often the event that caused the wonder and amazement was a miracle, something only God could do. +* The meaning of these terms usually includes feelings of confusion because what happened was totally unexpected and beyond what would normally happen. +* Other ways to translate these words could be, "extremely surprised" or "very shocked." +* Related words include: "marvelous" (amazing, wonderful), "amazement," and "astonishment." +* In general, these terms are positive and express that the people were happy about what had happened. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ammon/01.md b/bible/other/ammon/01.md index 9b4e429b..2d96110a 100644 --- a/bible/other/ammon/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ammon/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ -# Ammon, Ammonites +# Ammon, Ammonites, Ammonitess ## Facts -Ammon was the younger son of Lot by his younger daughter, and his descendants are called the Ammonites. +The "people of Ammon" or the "Ammonites" were descended from Ben-ammi, the son of Lot by his younger daughter. -* The Ammonites lived east of the Jordan River and were hostile toward the Israelites. -* The Ammonites hired a prophet named Balaam to curse Israel, but God did not allow it. \ No newline at end of file +* The term "Ammonitess" refers specifically to a female Ammonite. This could also be translated as, "Ammonite woman." +* The Ammonites lived east of the Jordan River and were enemies of the Israelites. +* At one point, the Ammonites hired a prophet named Balaam to curse Israel, but God did not allow it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/andrew/01.md b/bible/other/andrew/01.md index 645eada8..452f029b 100644 --- a/bible/other/andrew/01.md +++ b/bible/other/andrew/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ ## Facts -Andrew was one of twelve men whom Jesus chose to be his disciples \ No newline at end of file +Andrew was one of twelve men whom Jesus chose to be his disciples (later called apostles). + +* Andrew's brother was Simon Peter. Both of them were fishermen. +* Peter and Andrew were the first disciples of Jesus to be mentioned in the Bible. They were fishing in the Sea of Galilee when Jesus called them to be his disciples. +* Before Peter and Andrew met Jesus, they had been disciples of John the Baptizer.. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/angry/01.md b/bible/other/angry/01.md index 55936335..9f341d6f 100644 --- a/bible/other/angry/01.md +++ b/bible/other/angry/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ To be angry or to have anger means to be very displeased, irritated and upset about something or against someone. * When people get angry, it often is sinful and selfish, but sometimes it is righteous anger against injustice or oppression. -* God's anger \ No newline at end of file +* God's anger (also called "wrath") expresses his strong displeasure regarding sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/anguish/01.md b/bible/other/anguish/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ead918a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/anguish/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# anguish + +## Definition + +The term "anguish" refers to severe pain or distress. + +* Anguish can be physical or emotional pain or distress. +* Often people who are in extreme anguish will show it in their face and behaviors. +* For example, a person in severe pain or anguish might grit his teeth or cry out. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/antioch/01.md b/bible/other/antioch/01.md index 73630720..0dd99236 100644 --- a/bible/other/antioch/01.md +++ b/bible/other/antioch/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ ## Facts -In the New Testament there were two cities named Antioch; one was the capital city of the ancient country of Syria and was located about 24 kilometers from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The other Antioch was located in Pisidia \ No newline at end of file +In the New Testament there were two cities named Antioch; one was the capital city of the ancient country of Syria and was located about 24 kilometers from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The other Antioch was located in Pisidia (in Asia Minor or modern day Turkey) not far from the ancient city of Colosse. + +* In the Syrian city of Antioch, located about 800 kilometers north of Jerusalem, was the first place where believers in Jesus were called Christians. +* The Syrian Antioch was a very important city and the local church there sent out missionaries to the Gentiles. +* Paul, Barnabas and John Mark traveled to the Pisidian Antioch, to share the gospel with the people there. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/apollos/01.md b/bible/other/apollos/01.md index b9fb3665..93416524 100644 --- a/bible/other/apollos/01.md +++ b/bible/other/apollos/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ Apollos was a Jew from the city of Alexandria in Greece who was well-educated in the Hebrew Scriptures and who was an eloquent speaker. * Apollos was instructed by two Christians in Ephesus named Aquila and Priscilla. -* Paul emphasized how he \ No newline at end of file +* Paul emphasized how he (Paul), Apollos, and other teachers were part of a team working together in God's harvest. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/arabia/01.md b/bible/other/arabia/01.md index 5e6dac36..420b16d6 100644 --- a/bible/other/arabia/01.md +++ b/bible/other/arabia/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Arabia +# Arabia, Arabian ## Facts diff --git a/bible/other/arkofthecovenant/01.md b/bible/other/arkofthecovenant/01.md index 37797e98..9036056a 100644 --- a/bible/other/arkofthecovenant/01.md +++ b/bible/other/arkofthecovenant/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees +# ark of the covenant, ark of the covenant decrees, ark of the testimony, ark of Yahweh ## Definition diff --git a/bible/other/ash/01.md b/bible/other/ash/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2c807865 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/ash/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# ash, ashes, dust + +## Facts + +Ash is the grey powdery substance that is left over after wood is burned. It is also the name of a kind of tree. + +* The term "ashes" is used figuratively in the Bible to refer to something that is worthless or useless. +* In ancient times, sitting in ashes was a sign of mourning or grieving. +* It was the custom to wear rough, scratchy sackcloth and sit in ashes or sprinkle the ashes on the head. +* Putting ashes on the head was also a sign of humiliation or embarrassment. +* When someone is striving for something worthless, it is said to be like "feeding on ashes." +* In the Bible sometimes the word "dust" is used when speaking about ashes. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/assign/01.md b/bible/other/assign/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5bca06d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/assign/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# assign, assigned + +## Facts + +The term "assign" or "assigned" refers to appointing someone to do a specific task. + +* The prophet Samuel foretold that King Saul would assign the best young men of Israel to serve in the military. +* Moses assigned each of the twelve tribes of Israel a portion of the land of Canaan for them to live on. +* Under the Old Testament law, certain tribes of Israel were assigned to serve as priests, artists, singers and builders. +* This could be translated as "give" or "appoint" or "choose for the task of." This would depend on how it is used in the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/athaliah/01.md b/bible/other/athaliah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1bba1af --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/athaliah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Athaliah + +## Facts + +Athaliah was the evil wife of Jehoram king of Judah. She was the granddaughter of the evil King Omri of Israel. + +* Athaliah's son Ahaziah became king after Jehoram died. +* When her son Ahaziah died, Athaliah made a plan to kill all the rest of the king's family. But one of her grandsons, Joash, was saved by his aunt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ax/01.md b/bible/other/ax/01.md index 18661c2e..9cad382a 100644 --- a/bible/other/ax/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ax/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ An ax is tool used for cutting or chopping trees or wood. * An ax usually has a long wooden handle with a large metal blade attached to the end. -* ​An ax is similar to an adz or machete. If your culture is not familiar with axes, you may be able to use the word for adz or machete. \ No newline at end of file +* If your culture has a tool that is similar to this, the name of that tool could be used to translate "ax." +* Other ways to translate this term could be, "tree-cutting tool" or "wooden tool with blade." +* In one Old Testament, the blade of an ax falls into the river so it is best if the tool that is described has a blade that can come off the wooden handle. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/azariah/01.md b/bible/other/azariah/01.md index 68a70396..abcc3358 100644 --- a/bible/other/azariah/01.md +++ b/bible/other/azariah/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,7 @@ Azariah was the name of several men in the Old Testament. It means, "Yahweh has helped." * Azariah was one of many Israelites from Judah who were captured by Nebuchadnezzar's army and taken to live in Babylon. He is more well-known by his Babylonian name, Abednego. -* Azariah \ No newline at end of file +* Azariah (Abednego) and his friends obeyed God rather than worship the king. God showed his power and protection by rescuing them from a blazing furnace. God honored these Israelite young men by giving them positions of leadership in the Babylonian kingdom. +* Azariah was another name for Uzziah king of Judah. +* There was also an Old Testament priest named Azariah. +* In the time of the prophet Jeremiah, there was a man named Azariah who wrongly urged the people to not stay in their homeland of Judah as God had commanded them to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/babylon/01.md b/bible/other/babylon/01.md index 40651c6f..c4fe8021 100644 --- a/bible/other/babylon/01.md +++ b/bible/other/babylon/01.md @@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ The ancient city of Babylon was the capital of the Babylonian Empire. It was loc * Sometimes the word "Babylon" refers to the entire Babylonian Empire. For example, the "king of Babylon" ruled the entire empire, not just the city. * The Babylonians were a powerful people group who attacked the kingdom of Judah and kept them in exile in Babylonia for 70 years. * Part of this region was called "Chaldea" and the people living there were the "Chaldeans." So often the term "Chaldea" in the Bible is referring to Babylonia. -* A few times in the New Testament, the term "Babylon" is used metaphorically to represent places, people, and thinking patterns that are sinful, in rebellion against God, and full of idol-worship. \ No newline at end of file +* In the New Testament, the term "Babylon" is used metaphorically and prophetically to represent places, people, and thinking patterns that are sinful, in rebellion against God, and full of idol-worship. +* In the book of Revelation, the phrase "Babylon the Great" or "great city of Babylon" is used several times, indicating that the city being referred to metaphorically was a large, wealthy and politically important city. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/barley/01.md b/bible/other/barley/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..344bc283 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/barley/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# barley + +## Definition + +The term "barley" refers to a kind of grain that is used to make bread. + +* The barley plant is a long stalk with a head at the top where the seeds or grains grow. +* When barley is threshed, the edible seeds are separated from the worthless chaff. +* Barley grain is ground up into flour, which is then mixed with water or oil to make bread. +* If barley is not known, this could be translated as "grain called barley" or "barley grain." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/barnabas/01.md b/bible/other/barnabas/01.md index a6ab8475..8db7f9c2 100644 --- a/bible/other/barnabas/01.md +++ b/bible/other/barnabas/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ Barnabas was one of the early Christians who lived during the time of the apostles. His name means "son of encouragement". * Barnabas was from the Israelite tribe of Levi and was from the island of Cyprus. -* When Saul \ No newline at end of file +* When Saul (Paul) became a Christian, Barnabas urged the other believers to accept him as a fellow believer. +* Barnabas and Paul traveled together to preach the good news about Jesus in different cities. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/baruch/01.md b/bible/other/baruch/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..94b21757 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/baruch/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Baruch + +## Facts + +Baruch is the name of several men in the Old Testament. + +* One Baruch (son of Zabbal) was one of the people who worked with Nehemiah to repair the walls of Jerusalem. +* Also during the time of Nehemiah, another Baruch (son of Kol-Hozeh) was one of the leaders who settled in Jerusalem after its walls were restored. +* A different Baruch (son of Neriah) was an assistant to the prophet Jeremiah, who helped him with various practical tasks such as writing down the messages God gave to Jeremiah and then reading them to the people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bear/01.md b/bible/other/bear/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1016f2c --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/bear/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# bear + +## Facts + +A bear is a large, four-legged furry animal with dark brown or black hair, with sharp teeth and claws. They eat fish, insects, and plants. + +* Bears live in forests and mountain areas and were common in Israel during Bible times. +* The bear was used in the Old Testament as a symbol of strength. +* While tending sheep, the shepherd David fought a bear and defeated it. +* Two bears came out of the woods and attacked a group of youths who had mocked the prophet Elisha. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/beast/01.md b/bible/other/beast/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd63644e --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/beast/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# beast + +## Facts + +In the Bible, the term "beast" is often just another way of saying "animal." + +* A "wild beast" is a type of animal that lives freely in the forest or fields and has not been trained by people. +* A domestic beast is an animal that lives with people and is kept for food or for performing work, such as plowing fields. Often the term "livestock" is used to refer to this kind of animal. +* The Old Testament book of Daniel and the New Testament book of Revelation describe visions in which metaphorical beasts represent evil powers and authorities that oppose God. (See: [[en/ta-vol1/translate/man/figs_metaphor]]) +* Ways to translate this could include, "creature" or "created thing" or "animal" or "wild animal," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/berea/01.md b/bible/other/berea/01.md index dd16653e..b70910f6 100644 --- a/bible/other/berea/01.md +++ b/bible/other/berea/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,7 @@ ## Facts -In New Testament times, Berea \ No newline at end of file +In New Testament times, Berea (or Beroea) was a prosperous city in southeast Macedonia, about 50 miles south of Thessalonica. It was located where the modern Greek city of Verria is now. + +* Paul and Silas fled to the city of Berea after their fellow Christians helped them escape from Jewish opposition in Thessalonica. +* When the people living in Berea heard Paul preach, they researched the Scriptures to confirm that what he was telling them was true. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bethel/01.md b/bible/other/bethel/01.md index c0b02532..db39b8db 100644 --- a/bible/other/bethel/01.md +++ b/bible/other/bethel/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ Bethel was a city in Abram's time located just north of Jerusalem in the land of Canaan. In the Old Testament, Bethel is mentioned more than any other city except Jerusalem. -* Abram \ No newline at end of file +* Abram (Abraham) camped east of Bethel and built an altar to God after receiving God's promises for the first time. The actual name of the city was not yet Bethel at that time, but later it became the name that it was most known by. +* When fleeing from his brother Esau, Jacob stayed overnight near this city and slept outdoors on the ground there. While he was sleeping, he had a dream showing angels going up and down a ladder to heaven. In that dream, God promised Jacob the same blessings he had given Abram (Abraham). +* Jacob is the one who named this city "Bethel." Its earlier name was Luz. To make this clear, some translations may translate it as "Luz (later called Bethel)" in the passage about Abraham, as well as when Jacob first arrives there (before he changed the name). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bethlehem/01.md b/bible/other/bethlehem/01.md index b9203a75..72835f40 100644 --- a/bible/other/bethlehem/01.md +++ b/bible/other/bethlehem/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -# Bethlehem +# Bethlehem, Ephrathah ## Facts -Bethlehem was a small city in the land of Israel, near the city of Jerusalem. It still exists to the present day. +Bethlehem was a small city in the land of Israel, near the city of Jerusalem. It was also known as "Ephrathah," which was probably its original name. -* King David was born in Bethlehem; for this reason it has been called the "city of David." -* The prophet Micah said that the Messiah would come from Bethlehem. -* Bethlehem is the city where Jesus was born. -* The name means "house of bread" or "house of food." \ No newline at end of file +* Bethlehem has been called the "city of David," since King David was born there. +* The prophet Micah said that the Messiah would come from "Bethlehem Ephrathah." +* Fulfilling that prophecy, Jesus was born in Bethlehem, many years later. +* The name "Bethlehem" means "house of bread" or "house of food." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaldistance/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaldistance/01.md index a890b8b8..f7693b6a 100644 --- a/bible/other/biblicaldistance/01.md +++ b/bible/other/biblicaldistance/01.md @@ -4,5 +4,8 @@ The following terms are the most common Biblical units that were used to measure distance or the length of something. -* The cubit referred to the length of a man's forearm, from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger. -* A stadium \ No newline at end of file +* The cubit referred to the length of a man's forearm, from the elbow to the tip of the longest finger. +* A stadium (plural, stadia ) referred to a certain footrace that was about 185 meters in length. Some older English versions translated this word as "furlong", which referred to the average length of a plowed field. +* The span or handspan was the width of a man's hand with fingers spread out. +* The "long" cubit is used only in Ezekiel 40-48. It is the length of a normal cubit plus a span. +^ Distance ^ Value ^ Units || cubit | 46 | centimeters || stadia | 185 | meters || span | 23 | centimeters || "long" cubit | 54 | centimeters |How to translate units of measure for distance or length in the Bible: - Keep the Bible term, spelling it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds or is spelled in the Bible. [See Transliterate] - An important reason for keeping the Bible terms is to show that the Bible is true and that people actually used these units of measure during that time period. - If it doesn't work to use the Bible term, then instead, state the same distance or length in terms of a unit of measure that is known. - These methods could be combined, using the Bible term but then also giving the equivalent amount in the text or a note. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicalmoney/01.md b/bible/other/biblicalmoney/01.md index 2f23355e..9c5b22e5 100644 --- a/bible/other/biblicalmoney/01.md +++ b/bible/other/biblicalmoney/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,16 @@ ## Description -The following terms are some of the most well-known units of money that are used in the Bible. In the Old Testament, the shekel referred to a type of weight \ No newline at end of file +The following terms are some of the most well-known units of money that are used in the Bible. Unless otherwise noted, these are the units of money used only by the Hebrew people.[Note: In the Old Testament, the "shekel" referred to a type of weight (made of gold, silver, bronze, brass or iron) that was used for money and trade. In the New Testament, a "shekel" was a type of silver coin.] + +* shekel +* In the Old Testament (11 grams weight of various materials) +* In the New Testament (Jewish silver coin = 4 days' wages) +* talent +* In the Old Testament (33 kilograms weight of various materials) +* In the New Testament (Roman or Greek money: silver talent = 6,000 days' wages) +* daric (Persian coin made of gold or silver) +* denarius (Roman silver coin = one day's wages; plural= denarii) +* drachma (Greek silver coin = one day's wages) +* mite/lepton (Jewish copper coin = 1/64 day's wages) +How to translate biblical units of money: - Keep the Bible term, spelling it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds or is spelled in the Bible. - An important reason for keeping the Bible terms is to show that the Bible is true and that people actually used these types of money during that time period. - If it doesn't work to use the Bible term, then give the same value in terms of what can be earned by a day's work in Bible times or how much weight it represents. - The above methods could be combined by using the Bible term but then also giving the equivalent amount in the text or a note. - For units of money, it is important to NOT use modern money values since these will change from year to year and will cause any Bible translation that uses them to become outdated. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltime/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltime/01.md index fa7ccdfd..e9d30a93 100644 --- a/bible/other/biblicaltime/01.md +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltime/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ ## Definition -During Bible times, people often used calendars and ways of marking time that are different from modern methods. hour - Hours were not always counted from midnight, as is common today. They were sometimes counted from sundown. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimehour]].watch - This refers to a period of time at night during which a watchman or guard for a city would be on duty looking out for any threat from an enemy. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimewatch]].day - The Jews considered Sunday to be the first day of the week. The day began and ended at sundown. They also sometimes used the term "day" as a metaphor for a longer period of time. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimeday]].week - The Jews considered that the week began at sundown on Saturday and ended at sundown on the next Saturday. They also sometimes used "week" as a metaphor for a group of seven periods of time. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimeweek]].month - The various people in the Bible referred to "lunar" months instead of modern "solar" months. That is, the month lasted for the 28-1/2 days it takes the moon to circle the earth. The date of the the first month also varied. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimemonth]].year - The people in the Bible used different starting dates when they counted years. These dates were often related to the reign of kings, or to other important events. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimeyear]]. \ No newline at end of file +During Bible times, the methods for marking time and keeping calendars were often different from modern methods.hour - An hour is a unit of time for stating when in the day something occurred or for explaining how long an event lasted. In the Jewish system of counting time, hours were not counted from midnight, as is common today. Rather they were counted from sundown, when the Jewish day began. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimehour]].watch - A "watch" was a period of time at night during which a watchman or guard for a city would be on duty looking out for any threat from an enemy. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimewatch]].day - For Jews, the day began and ended at sundown, a time period of 24 hours. The term "day" is also sometimes used figuratively to refer to a more general period of time as in "the day of Yahweh." For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimeday]].week - The Jews considered that the week began at sundown on Saturday and ended at sundown on the next Saturday. They also sometimes used "week" as a metaphor for a group of seven periods of time. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimeweek]].month - In Bible times, people followed the lunar calendar, which counts each month as lasting the 29.5 days that it takes for the moon to go around the earth. According to the lunar calendar system, some years have 12 months and other years have 13 months. Because of this, in this system the "first month" is not always at the same time of year. For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimemonth]].year - A year is calculated as around 354 days in length, according to the lunar calendar, or around 365 days according to the solar calendar. Sometimes the term "year" is used figuratively to refer to a general time period as in, "the year of our Lord." For more information, see [[other/biblicaltimeyear]]. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltimeday/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltimeday/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7d55431b --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltimeday/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# biblical time: day + +## Definition + +The term "day" refers to a period of time lasting 24 hours. + +* For the Israelites and the Jews, a day began at sunset of one day and ended at sunset of the next day. +* Sometimes the term "day" is used figuratively to refer to a longer period of time, such as the "day of Yahweh" or "judgment day" or "last days." +* Some languages will have a different idiom for these concepts or will prefer to use nonfigurative language. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltimehour/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltimehour/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9ac1accb --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltimehour/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# biblical time: hour + +## Definition + +The term hour is often used in the Bible to tell more specifically what time a certain event took place. + +* The Jews counted daylight hours starting at sunrise (around 6 a.m.). For example, “the ninth hour” meant “around three in the afternoon.” +* Nighttime hours were counted starting at sunset (around 6 p.m.). For example, “the third hour of the night” meant “around nine in the evening” in our present-day system.. +* Since references to time in the Bible will not correspond exactly to the present-day time system, phrases such as “around nine” or “about six o'clock” could be used. +* Some translations might add phrases like "in the evening" or "in the morning" or "in the afternoon" to make it clear what time of day is being talked about. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31dd9a29 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltimemonth/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# biblical time: month + +## Definition + +The term "month" refers to a period of time lasting about four weeks. The length of each month will depend on which system is used: the solar (sun) calendar or the lunar (moon) calendar. + +* In the modern-day solar calendar, the number of months in a year is based on how long it takes the earth to go around the sun. There are 12 months per year in this system, with the length of each month ranging from 28 to 31 days. +* In the lunar calendar (which was also used in Bible times), the length of each month is based on the amount of time it takes for the moon to go around the earth, about 28 days. +* The "new moon," or beginning phase of the moon with its sliver of light, marked the beginning of each month in the lunar calendar. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltimewatch/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltimewatch/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2997bacc --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltimewatch/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# biblical time: watch + +## Definition + +In biblical times, a "watch" was a period of time at night during which a watchman or guard for a city would be on duty looking out for any danger from an enemy. + +* In the Old Testament, the Israelites had three watches which were called "beginning" (sunset to 10 p.m.), "middle" (10 p.m. to 2 a.m.), and "morning" (2 a.m. to sunrise) watches. +* In the New Testament, the Jews followed the Roman system and had four watches, named simply "first" (sunset to 9 p.m.), "second" (9 p.m. to 12 midnight), "third" (12 midnight to 3 a.m.), and "fourth" (3 a.m. to sunrise) watches. +* These could also be translated with more general expressions such as "late evening" or "middle of the night" or "very early in the morning," depending on which watch is being referred to. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltimeweek/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltimeweek/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f12cac8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltimeweek/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# biblical time: week + +## Definition + +The term "week" literally refers to a period of time lasting seven days. + +* In the Jewish system of counting time, a week began at sundown on Saturday and ended at sundown the following Saturday. +* In the Bible, the term "week" is sometimes used figuratively to refer to a group of seven units of time, such as seven years. +* The "Festival of Weeks" is a celebration of harvest that takes place seven weeks after Passover. It is also called Pentecost. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear/01.md b/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..01c8ca45 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/biblicaltimeyear/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# biblical time: year + +## Definition + +In the Bible, the term "year" usually refers to a period of time that lasts about 354 days, according to the 29-day month of a lunar calendar system. + +* In the modern-day solar calendar, however, a year lasts 365 days, based on the amount of time it takes for the earth to travel around the sun. +* To adjust for the difference between the length of a year in the two calendar systems, an extra month is added to certain years in the lunar calendar. +* The term "year" is also used in a figurative sense to refer to a general time when a special event takes place. Examples of this include, "the year of Yahweh" or "in the year of drought" or "the favorable year of the Lord." In these contexts, "year" could be translated as "time" or "season" or "time period." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicalvolume/01.md b/bible/other/biblicalvolume/01.md index db22c455..83f61277 100644 --- a/bible/other/biblicalvolume/01.md +++ b/bible/other/biblicalvolume/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ ## Definition -The following terms are the most common biblical units of volume used to explain how much liquid \ No newline at end of file +The following terms were the most common biblical units of volume used to explain how much a certain container could hold. The containers and measurements are given for both liquids (such as wine) and dry solids (such as grain). ^ Type ^ Measurement ^ Value ^ Units || Dry | omer | 2.00 | liters || Dry | ephah | 22.00 | liters || Dry | homer | 220.00 | liters || Dry | kor | 220.00 | liters || Dry | seah | 7.70 | liters || Liquid | metrete | 40.00 | liters || Liquid | bath | 22.00 | liters || Liquid | hin | 3.70 | liters || Liquid | kab | 1.23 | liters || Liquid | log | 0.31 | liters |How to translate units of volume in the Bible: - Keep the Bible term, spelling it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds or is spelled in the Bible. [See Transliterate] - An important reason for keeping the Bible terms is to show that the Bible is true and that people actually used these units of measure during that time period. - If it doesn't work to use the Bible term, then instead, state the equivalent amount using a unit of measure that is known. - These methods could be combined, using the Bible term, but then also giving the equivalent amount in the text or a note.measure \\ Sometimes the Hebrew does not specify a particular unit of volume but only uses a number. In these cases, many English versions, and the ULB and UDB, add the word "measure." For example in Haggai 2:16 it has, "twenty (measures) of grain" and "fifty (measures) of wine."Translation suggestions when the unit of measure is implied: - Translate literally, using the number without giving a unit.\\ - Use a generic word like "measure" or "quantity" or "portion." \\ - Use the name of an appropriate container, such as "basket" for grain and "jar" for wine. \\ - Use a unit of measure that you are already using in your translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/biblicalweight/01.md b/bible/other/biblicalweight/01.md index 0bcab567..386ac77c 100644 --- a/bible/other/biblicalweight/01.md +++ b/bible/other/biblicalweight/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,9 @@ The following terms are the most common units of weight in the Bible. The term "shekel" meant "weight" and many other weights are described in terms of the shekel. Some of these weights were used for money. The exact weights are uncertain, but the approximate amounts are: * Shekel - 11 grams -* Bekah - \ No newline at end of file +* Bekah - (1/2 shekel) +* Pim - (2/3 shekel) +* Gerah - (1/20 of a shekel) +* Mina - 600 grams (50 shekels) +* Talent - 34 kilograms (60 minas, 3000 shekels) +How to translate Biblical units for measuring weights: - Keep the Bible term, spelling it in a way that is similar to the way it sounds or is spelled in the Bible. - An important reason for using words that closely resemble the Biblical terms for measuring weights is to show that the Bible is an historical document and that real people used these units of measurement during that time period. - If it doesn't work to use the Bible term, then instead, state the same amount of weight using a unit of measure that is known. - These methods could be combined, using the Bible term but then also giving the equivalent amount in the text or a note. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/blemish/01.md b/bible/other/blemish/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fb9d0fec --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/blemish/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# blemish + +## Facts + +The term "blemish" refers to a defect or imperfection in an animal. It also refers figuratively to spiritual imperfections and faults in people + +* The Israelites were instructed by God to offer an unblemished animal for certain sacrifices. This animal had no physical defects. +* This is a picture of how Jesus Christ was the perfect sacrifice, without any sin. +* Believers in Christ have been cleansed from their sin by his blood and are considered to be without blemish. +* Ways to translate this term could include, "defect" or "imperfection" or "sin," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bloodshed/01.md b/bible/other/bloodshed/01.md index e5eed060..66e1e544 100644 --- a/bible/other/bloodshed/01.md +++ b/bible/other/bloodshed/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ The term "bloodshed" refers to the death of human beings due to murder, war, or some other form of violence. * This term literally means "shedding of blood," which refers to when blood comes out of a person's body from an open wound. -* It is often used to refer to widespread killing of people, but it can also refer to +* It is often used to refer to widespread killing of people. +* The word "bloodshed" is also used as a general reference to the sin of murder. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -16,4 +17,4 @@ The term "bloodshed" refers to the death of human beings due to murder, war, or * The phrase, "through bloodshed" could also be translated as, "by killing people." * The expression "innocent bloodshed" could be translated as "killing innocent people." * The expression, "bloodshed follows bloodshed" could be translated as, "they keep killing people" or "the killing of people goes on and on" or "they have killed many people and continue to do that" or "people keep killing other people." -* An anthropomorphic expression, "bloodshed will pursue you" could be translated as, "your people will continue to experience bloodshed" or "your people will keep being killed." \ No newline at end of file +* Another figurative use, "bloodshed will pursue you" could be translated as, "your people will continue to experience bloodshed" or "your people will keep being killed." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/boaz/01.md b/bible/other/boaz/01.md index 77cff0f1..8376c282 100644 --- a/bible/other/boaz/01.md +++ b/bible/other/boaz/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ Boaz was the husband of Ruth, the great grandfather of King David, and an ancestor of Jesus Christ. -* Boaz lived during the time when there were judges in Israel \ No newline at end of file +* Boaz lived during the time when there were judges in Israel (between the 14th and 11th century B.C.) +* Boaz "redeemed" Ruth, who was the widow of one of his distant relatives. This is a picture of the redemption that Jesus performed. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bread/01.md b/bible/other/bread/01.md index 7902ed81..dbdbd36f 100644 --- a/bible/other/bread/01.md +++ b/bible/other/bread/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,9 @@ Bread is a food made from flour mixed with water and oil. It is usually made with something that makes it rise, such as yeast. It is then shaped into a loaf and baked. * Bread can also be made without yeast so that it does not rise. This is called "unleavened bread" and was used for the Jews' passover meal. -* Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, this term was sometimes used in the Bible to refer to food in general, as in the phrase, "daily bread." \ No newline at end of file +* Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, this term is often used in the Bible to refer to food in general, as in the phrase, "daily bread." (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_synecdoche]]) +* The "bread of the presence" was a special kind of bread that was made specifically as a symbol of God's presence and of his fellowship with his people. Twelve loaves of this bread were kept on a special table outside the holy place of the tabernacle or temple. Every week the old bread would be eaten by the priests and they would place freshly made bread back on the table. This could be translated as "bread that symbolized God fellowshipping with them." +* The figurative term, "bread from heaven" referred to the special white food called "manna" that God gave the Israelites when they were wandering through the desert. +* Jesus also called himself the "bread that came down from heaven" and the "Bread of life." +* When Jesus and his disciples were eating the Passover meal together before his death, he compared the bread for that meal with his body which would be wounded and killed on a cross. +*See [[other/yeast]], [[kt/tabernacle]], [[kt/temple]], [[kt/passover]], \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bribe/01.md b/bible/other/bribe/01.md index c9c95b3b..7d000bb4 100644 --- a/bible/other/bribe/01.md +++ b/bible/other/bribe/01.md @@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ The term "bribe" refers to anything of value, such as money or goods, that is gi * Sometimes a government official will be bribed to overlook a crime or to vote a certain way. * The Bible forbids giving or taking bribes. * The term, "bribe" could be translated as "dishonest payment" or "payment for lying" or "price for changing the rules." -* "To bribe" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "pay to influence \ No newline at end of file +* "To bribe" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "pay to influence (someone)" or "pay to have a dishonest favor done" or "pay to have a regulation ignored." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/bridegroom/01.md b/bible/other/bridegroom/01.md index 54aaf769..e55b70bd 100644 --- a/bible/other/bridegroom/01.md +++ b/bible/other/bridegroom/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Definition -In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom is the man who will marry the bride. In the Jewish culture during Bible times, the ceremony centered around the bridegroom coming to get his bride.. +In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom is the man who will marry the bride. In the Jewish culture during Bible times, the ceremony centered around the bridegroom coming to get his bride. * In the Bible, Jesus is figuratively called the Bridegroom who will someday come for his Bride, the Church. * Jesus compared his disciples to the friends of the bridegroom who celebrate while the bridegroom is with them, but when he is gone they fast. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/carmel/01.md b/bible/other/carmel/01.md index 166831e8..f8357d04 100644 --- a/bible/other/carmel/01.md +++ b/bible/other/carmel/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ * The name "Carmel" literally means, "God's vineyard." * This 12-mile long mountain range and its valleys had soil that was very fertile. -* On Mount Carmel, Elijah challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest on in order to prove that Yahweh is the only true God. \ No newline at end of file +* On Mount Carmel, Elijah challenged the prophets of Baal to a contest in order to prove that Yahweh is the only true God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/caughtup/01.md b/bible/other/caughtup/01.md index 26cc1e7d..87c93edb 100644 --- a/bible/other/caughtup/01.md +++ b/bible/other/caughtup/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ The term "caught up" or "took up" refers to God transporting a person in a power * The apostle Paul talked about being "caught up" to the third heaven. * Paul said that when Christ comes back, Christians will be "caught up" together to meet him in the air. -* In the Old Testament it says that God "took" Enoch \ No newline at end of file +* In the Old Testament it says that God "took" Enoch (implied that he took him to heaven). +* In the New Testament it is said that God miraculously "took away" Philip the evangelist to another region. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/chief/01.md b/bible/other/chief/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..96b9dcb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/chief/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# chief + +## Definition + +The term "chief" refers to the most powerful or most important leader of a particular group. + +* Some examples of this include, "chief musician," "chief priest," "chief tax collector," and "chief ruler." +* It can also be used for the head of a specific family, as in Genesis 36 where individuals are named who served as "chiefs" of their families. +* When used to describe a noun, this term could be translated as "leading" or "ruling," as in "leading musicians" or "ruling priests." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/chiefpriests/01.md b/bible/other/chiefpriests/01.md index 824e40a7..63cb3411 100644 --- a/bible/other/chiefpriests/01.md +++ b/bible/other/chiefpriests/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,11 @@ The chief priests were important Jewish religious leaders during the time that J * The chief priests were responsible for everything needed for the worship services at the temple, They were also in charge of the money that was given to the temple. * They were higher in rank and power than the ordinary priests. Only the high priest had more authority. * The chief priests were some of Jesus' main enemies and they strongly influenced the Roman leaders to arrest and kill him. -Translation Suggestions: + + +## Translation Suggestions + + * The term "chief priests" could also be translated as "head priests" or "leading priest" or "ruling priests." * Make sure this term is translated differently from the term "high priest." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/comfort/01.md b/bible/other/comfort/01.md index c3acd048..afa819c5 100644 --- a/bible/other/comfort/01.md +++ b/bible/other/comfort/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,17 @@ -# comfort +# comfort, comforter ## Definition -The term "comfort" means to help someone who is grieving because of physical or emotional pain. +The terms "comfort" and "comforter" refer to helping someone who is grieving because of physical or emotional pain. -* In the Bible, the term comfort is often used to describe God's compassion toward his people. -* The prophet Isaiah refers to God comforting his people who are suffering. -* In the New Testament it says that God will comfort his people through the Holy Spirit. Those who receive the comfort are then enabled to give the same comfort to others who are suffering. -* Depending onthe context, "comfort" could also be translated as, "ease the pain of" or "help \ No newline at end of file +* A person who comforts someone is called a "comforter." +* In the Old Testament, the term "comfort" is used to describe how God is kind and loving to his people and helps them when they are suffering. +* In the New Testament, it says that God will comfort his people through the Holy Spirit. Those who receive the comfort are then enabled to give the same comfort to others who are suffering. +* The expression "comforter of Israel" referred to the Messiah who would come to rescue his people. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* Depending on the context, "comfort" could also be translated as, "ease the pain of" or "help \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/command/01.md b/bible/other/command/01.md index 2339a267..60dc7988 100644 --- a/bible/other/command/01.md +++ b/bible/other/command/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ The terms "command" and "commandment" refer to ordering someone to do something. * Although these terms have basically the same meaning, "commandment" often refers to certain commands of God which are more formal and permanent, such as the Ten Commandments. -* A command can be positive +* A command can be positive ("Honor your parents") or negative ("Do not steal"). +* To "take command" means that someone is taking charge of something or someone. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/other/commit/01.md b/bible/other/commit/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a63d093b --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/commit/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# commit, committed, commitment + +## Definition + +The term "commitment" refers to something that a person has decided or promised to do. + +* A person who promises to do something is also described as being "committed" to doing it. +* The terms "commit" and "committed" also often refer to doing a certain wrong action such as "commit a sin" or "commit adultery" or "commit murder." +* The expression "committed to him the task" could also be translated as "gave him the task" or "entrusted to him the task." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/conceive/01.md b/bible/other/conceive/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..60acce79 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/conceive/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# conceive, conception + +## Definition + +The terms "conceive" and "conception" usually refer to becoming pregnant with a child. + +* The phrase "conceive a child" could be translated as, "become pregnant" or some other term that is an acceptable way of referring to this. The related term "conception" could be translated as, "beginning of a pregnancy" or "moment of becoming pregnant." +* These terms can also refer to creating something or thinking of something, such as an idea, a plan, or a task. Ways to translate this could include, "think of" or "plan" or "create," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/counselor/01.md b/bible/other/counselor/01.md index 65e6d151..a378c9c2 100644 --- a/bible/other/counselor/01.md +++ b/bible/other/counselor/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# counsel, counselor +# counsel, counselor, advice, advisor ## Definition diff --git a/bible/other/courage/01.md b/bible/other/courage/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7938d3f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/courage/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# courage, courageous + +## Facts + +Courage is the ability to face something that is frightening or dangerous. + +* It is "courageous" when someone does the right thing even though they are afraid. +* To tell someone to "take courage" means, "don't be afraid" or "be assured that things will turn out well." +* A person shows courage when he faces emotional or physical pain with strength and perseverance. +* When Joshua was instructed to go into the dangerous land of Canaan, Moses exhorted him to be "strong and courageous." +* The term "courageous" could also be translated as "brave" or "unafraid" or "without fear," depending on the context. +* Depending on the context, to "have courage" could also be translated as, "be emotionally strong" or "be confident" or "stand firm." +* To "speak with courage" could be translated as, "speak boldly" or "speak without being afraid" or "speak confidently." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/courtyard/01.md b/bible/other/courtyard/01.md index 0fa8c0f2..04d78c65 100644 --- a/bible/other/courtyard/01.md +++ b/bible/other/courtyard/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,16 @@ -# courtyard +# courtyard, court ## Definition -A courtyard is an enclosed area that is surrounded by a building or walls. It has no roof, but rather is open to the sky. +A courtyard is an enclosed area that is surrounded by a building or walls. It has no roof, but rather is open to the sky. The term "court" is also used to refer to a courtyard. -* The Old Testament tabernacle was surrounded by one courtyard, enclosed by walls made of thick, cloth curtains rather than stone. -* The temple complex in Jerusalem during the time of Jesus had four major courtyards. -* The Courtyard of Priests was just outside the temple building and could only be entered by the priests. This was where the basin for washing and the altar for sacrificing were located. -* The next courtyard further away from the temple building was the Courtyard of Israel which was where any Jewish man could worship and pray. -* The Courtyard of Women was separated from these inner courts and was where Jewish women could worship. They were not permitted to go into the inner courtyards. -* These inner courtyards were surrounded by a low stone wall that separated them from the larger, outermost court called the Courtyard of the Gentiles. This courtyard was the only place that a nonJew was permitted to be in the Temple complex. +* The tabernacle was surrounded by one courtyard, enclosed by walls made of thick, cloth curtains. +* The temple complex in Jerusalem had three inner courtyards: one for the priests, one for Jewish men, and one for Jewish women. +* The inner courtyards were surrounded by a low stone wall that separated them from an outer courtyard where Gentiles were permitted to worship. * The courtyard of a house was an open area in the middle of the house that could be entered through doors from the house. -* Some English Bible versions also use the word 'court' for this term. +* The expression, "courts of Yahweh" is often a figurative way of referring to God's dwelling place or to the place where people go to worship Yahweh. +* A "king's court" can refer to a place in his palace where he makes judgments or to the palace itself. Expressions such as "holding court" or "court is in session" refer to the formal occasion when judgments are being made. +* The term "court" is also used to refer to a place where judges make judgments about legal and criminal matters. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -19,4 +18,5 @@ A courtyard is an enclosed area that is surrounded by a building or walls. It ha * The term "courtyard" could be translated as "enclosed space" or "walled-in land" or "temple grounds" or "temple enclosure." -* Sometimes the term "temple" may need to be translated as "temple courtyards" or "temple complex" so that it is clear that the courtyards are being referred to, not the temple building. \ No newline at end of file +* Sometimes the term "temple" may need to be translated as "temple courtyards" or "temple complex" so that it is clear that the courtyards are being referred to, not the temple building. +* The expression, "courts of Yahweh" could be translated as, "place where Yahweh lives" or "place where Yahweh is worshiped." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/cow/01.md b/bible/other/cow/01.md index 2838d686..a8fe74db 100644 --- a/bible/other/cow/01.md +++ b/bible/other/cow/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# cow, calf, bull +# cow, calf, bull, cattle ## Definition -A cow is a female, four-legged bovine animal that eats grass and is primarily raised for its meat and milk. A calf is its offspring. These animals are included in the general term "cattle." +A cow is a female, four-legged farm animal that eats grass and is primarily raised for its meat and milk. A calf is its offspring. These animals are included in the general term "cattle." * Cows and their calves are also used as a trading commodity. * In the Bible, the Jewish people used cows for sacrifices, especially a certain type called the red heifer. diff --git a/bible/other/crown/01.md b/bible/other/crown/01.md index 081ace5a..1fddc4e7 100644 --- a/bible/other/crown/01.md +++ b/bible/other/crown/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -# crown +# crown, to crown ## Definition -A crown is a decorative, circular headpiece worn on the head of rulers such as kings and queens. +A crown is a decorative, circular headpiece worn on the head of rulers such as kings and queens. The term "to crown" means to put a crown on someone's head; figuratively it means, "to honor." -* Crowns normally are made of gold or some other precious metal and are embedded with precious gems. +* Crowns usually are made of gold or silver, and are embedded with precious gems such as emeralds and rubies. * A crown was intended to be a symbol of a king's power and wealth. -* By contrast, the crown placed on Jesus' head, just before he was crucified, was a crown made out of thorn branches. -* In ancient times, winners of athletic contests would be awarded a crown made out of olive branches. The apostle Paul mentions this crown in his second letter to Timothy. \ No newline at end of file +* By contrast, the crown made of thorn branches that the Roman soldiers placed on Jesus' head was meant to mock him and hurt him. +* In ancient times, winners of athletic contests would be awarded a crown made out of olive branches. The apostle Paul mentions this crown in his second letter to Timothy. +* Used figuratively, "to crown" means to honor someone. We honor God by obeying him and praising him to others. This is like putting a crown on him and acknowledging that he is King. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/cry/01.md b/bible/other/cry/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be781af0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/cry/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# cry, cry out + +## Definition + +The term "cry" can mean to weep with tears or it can mean to call out in distress. + +* The phrase "cry out" also means to shout or call out, often with the intent to ask for help. +* This term could also be translated as "call urgently" or "ask for help." +* An expression such as, "I cry out to you" could be translated as, "I call to you for help" or "In distress, I urgently ask you for help." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/damascus/01.md b/bible/other/damascus/01.md index 73a84177..b41d9152 100644 --- a/bible/other/damascus/01.md +++ b/bible/other/damascus/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,7 @@ Damascus is the capital city of the country of Syria. It is still in the same location as it was in Bible times. * Damascus is one of the oldest, continuously inhabited cities in the world. -* During the time of Abraham, Damascus was the capital of the Aram kingdom \ No newline at end of file +* During the time of Abraham, Damascus was the capital of the Aram kingdom (located in what is now Syria). +* Throughout the Old Testament, there are references to significant historical interactions between the inhabitants of Damascus and the people of Israel. +* Several biblical prophecies predict the destruction of Damascus. These prophecies may have been fulfilled when Assyria destroyed the city during Old Testament times or there may be a future destruction that will be more complete. +* In the New Testament, the Pharisee Saul (later known as Paul) was on his way to arrest Christians in the city of Damascus when Jesus confronted him and caused him to become a believer. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/dan/01.md b/bible/other/dan/01.md index 33dd1a3f..c5df0793 100644 --- a/bible/other/dan/01.md +++ b/bible/other/dan/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ Dan was the fifth son of Jacob and was one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Dan was also the name of the region settled by the tribe of Dan in the northern part of Canaan. * During the time of Abram, there was also a city named Dan located west of Jerusalem. This city probably did not exist during the time the nation of Israel entered the promised land, but a different city of Dan was located about 60 miles north of Jerusalem. -* Dan is absent from the list of the 144,000 Jews mentioned in the book of Revelation. \ No newline at end of file +* The term, "Danites" refers to the descendants of Dan, who are also members of his clan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/david/01.md b/bible/other/david/01.md index f66742cc..6b527196 100644 --- a/bible/other/david/01.md +++ b/bible/other/david/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ ## Facts -David was the second king of Israel and he served God faithfully. +David was the second king of Israel and he loved and served God. He was the main writer of the book of Psalms. -* God chose David to become king when he was still a young boy caring for his family's sheep. -* David became a great fighter and led the Israelite army in battles against their enemies. +* When David was still a young boy caring for his family's sheep, God chose him to become the next king of Israel. +* David became a great fighter and led the Israelite army in battles against their enemies. His defeat of Goliath the Philistine is well-known. * Saul tried to kill David, but God protected him, and made him king after Saul's death. * David sinned against God, but he repented and God forgave him. -* David's son, King Solomon, built the temple for God that David had planned. -* Jesus, the Messiah, is a descendent of David, and is therefore called the "Son of David." \ No newline at end of file +* Jesus, the Messiah, is called the "Son of David" because he is a descendant of King David. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/deer/01.md b/bible/other/deer/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ec26cfb --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/deer/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# deer, doe, buck, roebuck, fawn + +## Definition + +A deer is a large, graceful, four-legged animal that lives in forests or on mountains. The male animal has large horns or antlers on its head. + +* The term "doe" refers to a female deer and a "fawn" is the name of a baby deer. +* The term "buck" refers to a male deer. +* A "roebuck" is the male of the specific variety called "roedeer." +* Deer have strong, thin legs that help them jump high and run fast. +* Their feet have split hooves which help them walk or climb easily on most any terrain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/defile/01.md b/bible/other/defile/01.md index c00ddd6f..6fcc5672 100644 --- a/bible/other/defile/01.md +++ b/bible/other/defile/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ -# defile, be defiled, desecrate +# defile, be defiled ## Definition -The terms "defile" and "be defiled" refer to becoming polluted or dirty, especially in a moral sense in relation to God. +The terms "defile" and "be defiled" refer to becoming polluted or dirty. Something can be defiled in a physical, moral, or ritual sense. * God warned the Israelites to not defile themselves by eating or touching things that he had declared as "unclean" and "unholy." -* God also gave them laws to follow that would help them avoid sexual sins that would "defile" them, making them unacceptable to God. -* In the New Testament, Jesus taught that it is a person's sinful thoughts and actions that defile him. +* Certain things such as dead bodies and contagious diseases were declared by God to be unclean and would defile a person if they touched them. +* God commanded the Israelites to avoid sexual sins. These would defile them and make them unacceptable to God. +* There were also certain kinds of bodily processes that defiled a person temporarily until he could become ritually pure again. +* In the New Testament, Jesus taught that sinful thoughts and actions are what truly defile a person. ## Translation Suggestions -* The term "defile" can also be translated as "cause to be morally unclean" or "make unrighteous." -* To "be defiled" could be translated as "become unclean" or "be morally unacceptable \ No newline at end of file +* The term "defile" can also be translated as "cause to be unclean" or "cause to be unrighteous" or "cause to be ritually unacceptable." +* To "be defiled" could be translated as "become unclean" or "be caused to be morally unacceptable \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/delight/01.md b/bible/other/delight/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..264484e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/delight/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# delight + +## Definition + +The term "delight" refers to something that pleases greatly or causes much joy. + +* To "delight in" something means to "take joy in" or "be happy about" it. +* When something is very agreeable or pleasing it is called "delightful." +* If a persons's delight is in something it means that he enjoys it very much. +* The expression, "my delight is in the law of Yahweh" could be translated as, "the law of Yahweh gives me great joy" or "I love to obey the laws of Yahweh" or "I am happy when I hear Yahweh's commands." +* The phrases "take no delight in" and "have no delight in" could be translated as "not be pleased by" or "not happy about." +* The phrase "delight himself in" means, "he enjoys doing" something or "he is very happy about" something or someone. +* The term "delights" refers to things that a person enjoys. This could be translated as "pleasures" or "things that give joy." +* An expression such as, "I delight to do your will" could also be translated as, "I enjoy doing your will" or "I am very happy when I obey you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/desecrate/01.md b/bible/other/desecrate/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e8e7fce4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/desecrate/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# desecrate + +## Definition + +The term “desecrate” means to damage or contaminate a sacred place or object in such a way that it is unacceptable for use in worship. + +* Often desecrating something involves showing great disrespect for it. +* For example, pagan kings desecrated special dishes from God's temple by using them for parties at their palace. +* Bones from dead people were used by enemies to desecrate the altar in God's temple. +* This term could be translated as, “cause to be unholy” or “dishonor by making impure” or “disrespectfully profane” or “cause to be impure.” \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/desolate/01.md b/bible/other/desolate/01.md index 9ccdd828..f7bc247b 100644 --- a/bible/other/desolate/01.md +++ b/bible/other/desolate/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -The terms "desolate" and "desolation" refer to destroying an inhabited region so that it becomes uninhabited. It also describes a state of loneliness and bereavement. +The terms "desolate" and "desolation" refer to destroying an inhabited region so that it becomes uninhabited. +* When referring to a person, the term desolate describes a condition of ruin, loneliness, and grief. * If a field where crops are growing is made desolate, it means that something has destroyed the crops, such as insects or an invading army. -* A "desolate region" refers to an area of land where few or no people live, usually because there isn't much food or water there. -* If a city is made "desolate" it means that its buildings and goods have been destroyed or stolen, and its people have been killed or captured. The city becomes "empty." -* In general this term could be translated as "ruined" or "destroyed" or "laid waste." \ No newline at end of file +* A "desolate region" refers to an area of land where few crops or vegetation grow and so few people live there. +* A "desolate land" or "wilderness" was often where outcasts (such as lepers) and dangerous animals lived. +* If a city is "made desolate" it means that its buildings and goods have been destroyed or stolen, and its people have been killed or captured. The city becomes "empty" and "ruined." +* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as "ruined" or "destroyed" or "laid waste" or "lonely and outcast." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/destroyer/01.md b/bible/other/destroyer/01.md index e18cbbc7..ae0b8887 100644 --- a/bible/other/destroyer/01.md +++ b/bible/other/destroyer/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ The term "destroyer" literally means "person who destroys." * This term is often used in the Old Testament as a general reference to anyone who destroys other people, such as invading armies. * The phrase "son of destruction" could be called a "destroyer" since it means, "someone who destroys" or "person who brings death and suffering." It may refer to Satan or to someone who follows him. -* When God sent the angel to kill all the firstborn males in Egypt, that angel was referred to as, "the destroyer of the firstborn". This could be translated as, "the one \ No newline at end of file +* When God sent the angel to kill all the firstborn males in Egypt, that angel was referred to as, "the destroyer of the firstborn". This could be translated as, "the one (or angel) who killed the firstborn males." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/detestable/01.md b/bible/other/detestable/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..af1e6a50 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/detestable/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# detestable, detest + +## Facts + +The term "detestable" describes something that should be disliked and rejected. To "detest" something means to greatly dislike it. + +* Often in the Bible this term is applied to rejecting evil. +* God used the word "detestable" to describe the evil practices of those who worshiped false gods. +* The Israelites were commanded to "detest" the perverted acts that some of the neighboring people groups practiced. +* God called all wrong sexual acts "detestable." +* Divination, sorcery, and child sacrifice were all "destestable" to God. +* The term "detest" could be translated as, "strongly reject" or "hate" or "regard as very evil." +* The term "detestable" could also be translated as "horribly evil" or "disgusting" or "deserving rejection." +* When applied to the righteous being "detestable" to the wicked, this could be translated as "considered very undesirable" or "distasteful" or "rejected." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/devastated/01.md b/bible/other/devastated/01.md index cc6665ad..882b77e9 100644 --- a/bible/other/devastated/01.md +++ b/bible/other/devastated/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,12 @@ The term "devastated" or "devastation" refers to having one's property or land ruined or destroyed. * This refers to a very severe and complete destruction. -* Sodom and Gomorrah was devastated by God as punishment for the sins of its inhabitants. \ No newline at end of file +* Sodom and Gomorrah was devastated by God as punishment for the sins of its inhabitants. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The term "devastate" could be translated as "completely destroy" or "totally ruin." +* "Devastation" could be translated as "complete destruction" or "total ruin." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/devour/01.md b/bible/other/devour/01.md index 1bc6fd29..41911ff8 100644 --- a/bible/other/devour/01.md +++ b/bible/other/devour/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ The term "devour" means to eat or consume in an aggressive manner. -* Using this word in a figurative sense, Paul warned believers to not devour one another, meaning to not attack or destroy each other with words or actions \ No newline at end of file +* Using this word in a figurative sense, Paul warned believers to not devour one another, meaning to not attack or destroy each other with words or actions (Galatians 5:15). +* Also in a figurative sense, the term "devour" is often used with a meaning of "completely destroy" as when talking about nations devouring each other or a fire devouring buildings and people. +* This term could also be translated as "completely consume" or "totally destroy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/disgrace/01.md b/bible/other/disgrace/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7b885673 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/disgrace/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# disgrace, disgraceful + +## Facts + +The term "disgrace" refers to a loss of honor and respect. + +* When a person does something sinful, it can cause him to be in a state of disgrace or dishonor. +* The term "disgraceful" is used to describe the sinful act or the person who did it. +* Sometimes a person who is doing good things is treated in a way that causes him disgrace or shame. +* For example, when Jesus was killed on a cross, this was a disgraceful way to die. Jesus had done nothing wrong to deserve this disgrace. +* Ways to translate "disgrace" could include "shame" or "dishonor." +* Ways to translate "disgraceful" could include "shameful" or dishonoring." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/divination/01.md b/bible/other/divination/01.md index 47c0cfcf..d00211a6 100644 --- a/bible/other/divination/01.md +++ b/bible/other/divination/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,10 @@ -# divination, diviner +# divination, diviner, soothsaying, soothsayer ## Definition -The term "divination" refers to the practice of trying to get information from spirits in the supernatural world. A person who does this is sometimes called a "diviner." +The terms "divination" and "soothsaying" refer to the practice of trying to get information from spirits in the supernatural world. A person who does this is sometimes called a "diviner" or "soothsayer." -* Divination is sometimes called "soothsaying" or "fortune telling." * Types of divination include such practices as interpreting patterns in animal bones or in remnants of a drink left behind in a cup. -* In his laws for the people of Israel, God told them to not practice divination. -* God did permit his people to seek information from him using the Urim and Thummim, which were stones that he had designated to be used by the high priest for that purpose. -* Make sure the translation of this word is different than the word for magician or sorcerer. \ No newline at end of file +* In his laws for the people of Israel, God told them to not practice divination or soothsaying. +* God did permit his people to seek information from him using the Urim and Thummim, which were stones that he had designated to be used by the high priest for that purpose. But he did not allow his people to seek information through the help of evil spirits. +* The terms "witchcraft" and "sorcery" and "magic" involve doing magic, casting spells, and other miraculous things that use the power of evil spirits. These practices are also condemned by God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/dove/01.md b/bible/other/dove/01.md index aef87ed7..d2b8c67e 100644 --- a/bible/other/dove/01.md +++ b/bible/other/dove/01.md @@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -Doves and pigeons are similar, small, gray-brown birds. Some languages distinguish them, and others use the same name for them. +Doves and pigeons are two kinds of small, gray-brown birds that have similar characteristics. A dove is often thought of as being lighter in color, almost white. -* If doves or pigeons are not known in the language area where the translation is being done, this could be translated as "a small grayish brown bird called a dove" or "a small gray or brown bird, similar to a \ No newline at end of file +* Some languages have two different names for them, while others use the same name for both. +* Doves and pigeons were used in sacrifices to God, especially for people who could not afford to buy a larger animal. +* A dove brought the leaf of an olive tree to Noah when the flood waters were going down. +* Doves sometimes symbolize purity, innocence, or peace. +* If doves or pigeons are not known in the language area where the translation is being done, this could be translated as "a small grayish brown bird called a dove" or "a small gray or brown bird, similar to a (name of local bird)". +* In verses that use both names, for example talking about bringing a pigeon or a dove for a sacrifice, two different words for birds should be used, if possible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/drunk/01.md b/bible/other/drunk/01.md index acc8fd4c..ef6204ff 100644 --- a/bible/other/drunk/01.md +++ b/bible/other/drunk/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ -# drunk +# drunk, drunkard ## Facts The term "drunk" means to be intoxicated from drinking too much of an alcoholic beverage. +* A "drunkard" is a person who is typically drunk. It could also be referred to as "an alcoholic." * The Bible tells believers not to be drunk with alcoholic drinks, but to be controlled by God's Holy Spirit. * The Bible teaches that drunkenness is unwise and corrupts good judgment. * Other ways to translate "drunk" could include, "inebriated" or "intoxicated" or "having too much alcohol." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/eagle/01.md b/bible/other/eagle/01.md index c73dc752..1d4e9d9f 100644 --- a/bible/other/eagle/01.md +++ b/bible/other/eagle/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -An eagle is a large, powerful bird of prey which is often used as a symbol for freedom and power. +An eagle is a very large, powerful bird of prey that eats small animals such as fish, mice, snakes, and chickens. +* The eagle is often used as a symbol for freedom and power. * The Bible compares the speed and strength of an army to how fast and suddenly an eagle swoops down to catch its prey, or how quickly it soars into the sky to a great height. -* Isaiah states that those who trust in the Lord will soar as an eagle does. This is a metaphor used to describe the freedom and strength that comes from trusting and obeying God \ No newline at end of file +* Isaiah states that those who trust in the Lord will soar as an eagle does. This is figurative language used to describe the freedom and strength that comes from trusting and obeying God. +* In the book of Daniel, King Nebuchadnezzar's hair length was compared to the length of an eagle's feathers, which can be up to 56 centimeters long. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/earth/01.md b/bible/other/earth/01.md index f81ad4da..65bc98d6 100644 --- a/bible/other/earth/01.md +++ b/bible/other/earth/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The term "earth" has several different meanings. * It can refer to the world that human beings live on, along with all other forms of life. -* "Earth" can also refer to the ground or dirt that covers the land. +* "Earth" can also refer to the ground or soil that covers the land. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/other/egypt/01.md b/bible/other/egypt/01.md index a6045a1d..de27b5ea 100644 --- a/bible/other/egypt/01.md +++ b/bible/other/egypt/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ ## Facts -Egypt is a country in the northeast part of Africa, to the south and west of the Promised Land. +Egypt is a country in the northeast part of Africa, to the south and west of the land of Canaan. +* An Egyptian is a person who was born in Egypt and whose ancestors were from Egypt. * In ancient times, Egypt was a powerful and wealthy country. -* Several times in the Bible, Israel's patriarchs had to go down to Egypt for food. -* One of these times, God used Jacob's son Joseph to preserve the Egyptian people during a time of famine and to keep his own family from starving. -* An Egyptian is a person who is a native of Egypt. -* Though the Israelites lived in Egypt for many generations, they were never considered to be Egyptians. \ No newline at end of file +* Ancient Egypt was divided into two parts, Lower and Upper. "Lower Egypt" was where the Nile River flowed down into the Mediterranean Sea. +* Joseph and Mary went down to Egypt with the young child Jesus, to flee Herod. +* Several times when there was little food in Canaan, Israel's patriarchs traveled to Egypt to buy food for their families. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/eleazar/01.md b/bible/other/eleazar/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..616dc629 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/eleazar/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Eleazar + +## Facts + +Eleazar was the name of several men in the Bible. + +* Eleazar was the third son of Moses' brother Aaron. After Aaron died, Eleazar became the high priest in Israel. +* Eleazar was also the name of one of David's "mighty men." +* Another Eleazar was one of Jesus' ancestors. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/engedi/01.md b/bible/other/engedi/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ccf1f337 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/engedi/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# En Gedi + +## Definition + +En Gedi is the name of a city in the wilderness of Judah southeast of Jerusalem. + +* EnGedi was located on the western bank of the Salt Sea. +* Part of its name means "fountain," referring to a spring of water that flows down from the city into the sea. +* En Gedi was known for having beautiful vineyards and other fertile land, probably due to the continual watering by the fountain of water. +* There were strongholds in En Gedi which David fled to when he was being chased by King Saul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ephesus/01.md b/bible/other/ephesus/01.md index a3c79569..bf0e146a 100644 --- a/bible/other/ephesus/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ephesus/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,6 @@ Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the west coast of what is now the present-d * During the time of the early Christians, Ephesus was the capital of Asia, which at that time was the name of a small Roman province. * Because of its location, this city was an important center of trade and travel. -* A well-known pagan temple for the worship of the goddess Artemis \ No newline at end of file +* A well-known pagan temple for the worship of the goddess Artemis (or Diana) was located in Ephesus. +* Paul lived and worked in Ephesus for more than two years and later appointed Timothy over the new believers there. +* The book of Ephesians in the New Testament is a letter that Paul wrote to the believers in Ephesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ethiopia/01.md b/bible/other/ethiopia/01.md index fe564c2b..f5879876 100644 --- a/bible/other/ethiopia/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ethiopia/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ -# Ethiopia +# Ethiopia, Ethiopian ## Facts -Ethiopia was a country in Africa located just south of Egypt, bordered by the Nile River to the west and by the Red Sea to the east. +Ethiopia was a country in Africa located just south of Egypt, bordered by the Nile River to the west and by the Red Sea to the east. A person who is from Ethiopia is called an "Ethiopian." -* Ancient Ethiopia covered an area which included land that is now part of several modern-day African countries. -* Ethiopia is sometimes called "Cush" or "Nubia." -* The countries of Ethiopia and Egypt were often closely associated in the Bible. \ No newline at end of file +* Ancient Ethiopia was located south of Egypt and included land that is now part of several modern-day African countries, such as Sudan, modern Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Central African Republic, and Chad. +* In the Bible, Ethiopia is sometimes called "Cush" or "Nubia." +* The countries of Ethiopia ('Cush') and Egypt were often mentioned together in the Bible, perhaps because they were located next to each other and their people may have had a similar ancestry. +* God sent Philip the evangelist to a desert where he shared the good news about Jesus with an Ethiopian eunuch. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/eunuch/01.md b/bible/other/eunuch/01.md index 7d61452b..dc3c7ade 100644 --- a/bible/other/eunuch/01.md +++ b/bible/other/eunuch/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ Usually the term "eunuch" refers to a man who has been castrated. The term later became a general term to refer to any government official, even those without the deformity. * Jesus said that some eunuchs were born that way, perhaps because of damaged sex organs or because of not being able to function sexually. Others chose to live like eunuchs in a celibate lifestyle. -* In ancient times, eunuchs were often kings' servants who were set as guards over the women's quarters \ No newline at end of file +* In ancient times, eunuchs were often kings' servants who were set as guards over the women's quarters (as in the story of Esther). +* Some eunuchs were important government officials, as is probable in the New Testament account of the Ethiopian eunuch that Philip encountered. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/euphrates/01.md b/bible/other/euphrates/01.md index 054e1a9a..4121f55d 100644 --- a/bible/other/euphrates/01.md +++ b/bible/other/euphrates/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Facts -The Euphrates is the name of one of the four rivers that flowed through the Garden of Eden. It is the river that is most often mentioned in the Bible. +The Euphrates is the name of one of the four rivers that flowed through the Garden of Eden. It is the river that is most often mentioned in the Bible. Sometimes it is simply called "the river." * The modern day river named Euphrates is located in the Middle East and is the longest and most important river in Asia. * Together with the Tigris River, the Euphrates borders a region of land known as Mesopotamia. * The ancient city of Ur where Abraham came from was at the mouth of the Euphrates River. -* This river was one of the boundaries of the land that God promised to give to Abraham \ No newline at end of file +* This river was one of the boundaries of the land that God promised to give to Abraham (Genesis 15:18). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/eve/01.md b/bible/other/eve/01.md index 120cc6d2..edd603e3 100644 --- a/bible/other/eve/01.md +++ b/bible/other/eve/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ This was the name of the first woman. Her name means "life" or "living." * God personally formed Eve from a rib that he took out of Adam. * Eve was created to be Adam's "helper." She came alongside Adam to assist him in the work that God gave him to do. -* Eve was tempted by the snake \ No newline at end of file +* Eve was tempted by the snake (Satan) and was the first to sin by eating the fruit that God said not to eat. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/evildoer/01.md b/bible/other/evildoer/01.md index f7f4c3fd..b9389ce9 100644 --- a/bible/other/evildoer/01.md +++ b/bible/other/evildoer/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# evil-doer +# evildoer ## Definition -The term "evil-doer" is a general reference to people who perform sinful and destructive acts. +The term "evildoer" is a general reference to people who do sinful and wicked things. * It can also be a general word for people who do not obey God. -* This could be translated using the word for "evil" or "wicked," with the word for "doing" or "making" or "causing" something. \ No newline at end of file +* This term could be translated using the word for "evil" or "wicked," with the word for "doing" or "making" or "causing" something. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/falseprophet/01.md b/bible/other/falseprophet/01.md index b512ca6f..3ac36fda 100644 --- a/bible/other/falseprophet/01.md +++ b/bible/other/falseprophet/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ A false prophet is a person who wrongly claims that his message comes from God. * The prophecies of false prophets do not come true. * False prophets teach messages that partially or totally contradict what the Bible says. -* This term could be translated as "person who falsely claims to be God's spokesman." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could be translated as "person who falsely claims to be God's spokesman" or "prophet for a false god." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/falsewitness/01.md b/bible/other/falsewitness/01.md index 9e1d8305..4ff4e24a 100644 --- a/bible/other/falsewitness/01.md +++ b/bible/other/falsewitness/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,9 @@ -# false witness, false testimony +# false witness, corrupt witness, false testimony, false report ## Definition -The terms "false witness" and "false testimony" refer to giving a report that is not true. +The terms "false witness" and "corrupt witness" refer to a person who says untrue things about a person or an event, usually in a formal setting such as a court. -* A "false witness" is someone who says untrue things about a person or an event. * A "false testimony" or "false report" is the actual lie that is told. * To "bear false witness" means to lie or give a false report about something. * The Bible gives several accounts in which false witnesses were hired to lie about someone in order to have that person punished or killed. diff --git a/bible/other/feast/01.md b/bible/other/feast/01.md index 995713c1..ab873ac0 100644 --- a/bible/other/feast/01.md +++ b/bible/other/feast/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -A feast is an event where a group of people take part in a very large meal, often to celebrate something together. +A feast is an event where a group of people take part in a very large meal, often to celebrate something together. The action "to feast" means to eat a large amount of food, often special kinds of food. -* The religious festivals that God commanded the Jews to celebrate often included having a feast together. +* The religious festivals that God commanded the Jews to celebrate often included having a feast together. For this reason the festivals are often called "feasts." * Kings and other rich and powerful people often gave elaborate feasts. * In the story about the lost son, the father had a special feast prepared to celebrate the return of his son. -* A feast sometimes lasted for several days or more. -* In some English versions, the word "feasts" is used to refer to the religious holidays or "festivals" that the Jews celebrated. \ No newline at end of file +* A feast sometimes lasted for several days or more. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/festival/01.md b/bible/other/festival/01.md index 343774c8..b43f758f 100644 --- a/bible/other/festival/01.md +++ b/bible/other/festival/01.md @@ -11,4 +11,8 @@ In general, a festival is a celebration held by a community of people. * Passover * Festival of Unleavened Bread * Firstfruits -* Festival of Weeks \ No newline at end of file +* Festival of Weeks (Pentecost) +* Festival of Trumpets +* Day of Atonement +* Festival of Shelters +* The purpose of these festivals was to thank God and to remember the amazing things he had done to rescue, protect, and provide for his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/fig/01.md b/bible/other/fig/01.md index b910347f..1606dbbb 100644 --- a/bible/other/fig/01.md +++ b/bible/other/fig/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ A fig is a small sweet fruit that grows on fig trees. People can eat figs fresh, * Fig trees can grow to be as tall as 6 meters high and their large leaves provide pleasant shade. * Fig trees were an important crop in the land of Canaan before the Israelites arrived there. * In Bible times, figs were important as a source of food and income. -* The Bible mentions fig trees in a figurative way as a sign of whether or not Israel was prospering \ No newline at end of file +* The Bible mentions fig trees in a figurative way as a sign of whether or not Israel was prospering (1 Kings 4:25, Jeremiah 5:17). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/footstool/01.md b/bible/other/footstool/01.md index 085297ac..76459b3f 100644 --- a/bible/other/footstool/01.md +++ b/bible/other/footstool/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -A footstool is an object upon which a person may raise and rest his feet while sitting. +The term "footstool" refers to an object which a person puts his feet on, usually to rest them while sitting. This also has figurative meanings of submission and lower status. -* In scripture, a footstool is used figuratively to refer to a place where God's authority is permanently represented, as when King David wishes to build the temple as a "place of rest for the ark..the footstool of our God." -* A footstool also represents having power over your enemies, as when God the Father says that he will make Jesus' enemies a footstool for his feet. \ No newline at end of file +* People in Bible times considered feet to be the least honorable parts of the body. So a "footstool" was of even lower honor because feet were rested on it. +* When God says "I will make my enemies a footstool for my feet" he is declaring power, control, and victory over the people who rebel against him. They will be humbled and conquered to the point of submitting to God's will. +* To "worship at God's footstool" means to bow down in worship before him as he sits on his throne. This again communicates humility and submission to God. +* David refers to the temple as God's "footstool." This could refer to his absolute authority over his people. This could also be picturing God the King on his throne, with his feet resting on his footstool, which represents all that is in submission to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/freewilloffering/01.md b/bible/other/freewilloffering/01.md index b05f0de4..72da67d0 100644 --- a/bible/other/freewilloffering/01.md +++ b/bible/other/freewilloffering/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ A freewill offering was a type of offering that was given above and beyond the required offerings of the Jewish law. * If the freewill offering was an animal to be sacrificed, it was permitted to have slight defects since it was a voluntary offering. -* The Israelites ate the sacrificed animal \ No newline at end of file +* The Israelites ate the sacrificed animal (of the freewill offering) as part of a celebration feast. +* The book of Ezra records that a different type of freewill offerings that were brought for rebuilding the temple. These consisted of gold and silver coins and priestly clothing. +* The freewill offering was a cause of rejoicing for Israel since it reflected times of plenty and successful crops. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/furnace/01.md b/bible/other/furnace/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e27aecd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/furnace/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# furnace + +## Facts + +A furnace was a very large oven used for heating things to a high temperature. + +* In ancient times, most furnaces were used for melting metals to make objects such as cooking pots, jewelry, weapons, and idols. +* Furnaces were also used in the making of pottery. +* Sometimes a furnace is referred to figuratively to explain that something is very hot. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/gentile/01.md b/bible/other/gentile/01.md index c41c28f9..4b4beaaa 100644 --- a/bible/other/gentile/01.md +++ b/bible/other/gentile/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ A Gentile is a person who is not a descendant of Jacob or of his twelve sons. Ge * In Scripture, Gentiles are occasionally referred to as the "uncircumcised" because many of them did not circumcise their male children as the Israelites did. * Because God chose the Jews to be his special people, they thought of the Gentiles as outsiders who could never be God's people. * The Jews were also called Israelites or Hebrews at different times in history. Everyone else was called a Gentile. -* Gentile could also be translated as "not a Jew" or "non-Jewish" or "not an Israelite" \ No newline at end of file +* Gentile could also be translated as "not a Jew" or "non-Jewish" or "not an Israelite" (Old Testament). +* Traditionally, Jews would not eat with Gentiles, which initially caused problems within the early church. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/gibeah/01.md b/bible/other/gibeah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6fb5298d --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/gibeah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Gibeah + +## Facts + +Gibeah is the name of a city that was located north of Jerusalem and south of Bethel. + +* Gibeah was in the territory of the tribe of Benjamin. +* It was the site of a huge battle between the Benjamites and Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/gird/01.md b/bible/other/gird/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d1f33527 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/gird/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# gird + +## Definition + +The term "gird" means to fasten something around something else. It often refers to using a belt or sash around the waist to keep a robe or tunic in place. + +* The common biblical idiom, "gird up your loins" means to tuck the bottom of your garment into your belt to allow the legs to move easily. +* "Girding" can also mean to surround something in a circle. +* The idiom, "gird up the loins" could be translated using an idiom in the target language that has the same meaning. Or it could be translated nonfiguratively as, "prepare yourself for action" or "get yourself ready." +* The term "girded with" could be translated as "encircled by" or wrapped with" or "belted with." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/goat/01.md b/bible/other/goat/01.md index 5d7eee09..91161b22 100644 --- a/bible/other/goat/01.md +++ b/bible/other/goat/01.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# goat +# goat, kid ## Definition -A goat is a medium-sized, four-legged animal, that is similar to a sheep and is raised primarily for its milk and meat. +A goat is a medium-sized, four-legged animal, that is similar to a sheep and is raised primarily for its milk and meat. A baby goat is called a "kid." * Like sheep, goats were important animals of sacrifice, especially at Passover. * Although goats have some similarities to sheep, there are also some clear differences: diff --git a/bible/other/groan/01.md b/bible/other/groan/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..534be7d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/groan/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# groan + +## Definition + +The term "groan" refers to the uttering of a deep, low sound that is caused by physical or emotional distress. Usually a groan is made without any words. + +* A person can groan because of feeling grief. +* Groaning can be caused by feeling a terrible, oppressive burden. +* Other ways to translate this term could include, "give a low cry of pain" or "grieve deeply." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/guiltoffering/01.md b/bible/other/guiltoffering/01.md index e27731b7..15765eaf 100644 --- a/bible/other/guiltoffering/01.md +++ b/bible/other/guiltoffering/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ The guilt offering was one of several kinds of offerings that God required the Israelites to make. It was a penalty for unintentionally damaging another person's property or for some other accidental wrong behavior. * This offering involved the sacrifice of an animal and paying a fine, with silver or gold money. -* In addition, the person at fault was responsible to pay for any damage that was done. \ No newline at end of file +* In addition, the person at fault was responsible to pay for any damage that was done. +* Sometimes guilt offerings were practiced by other nations and cultures in the Bible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/habakkuk/01.md b/bible/other/habakkuk/01.md index 430b925f..5ae01a82 100644 --- a/bible/other/habakkuk/01.md +++ b/bible/other/habakkuk/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ Habakkuk was an Old Testament prophet who probably lived during the reign of King Jehoiakim of Judah. * This prophet wrote the book of Habakkuk before Jerusalem was captured by the Babylonians around 600 BC. -* Habakkuk prophesied mostly about the Chaldeans \ No newline at end of file +* Habakkuk prophesied mostly about the Chaldeans (Babylonians) and was an early contemporary of the prophet Jeremiah. +* One of Habakkuk's most influential statements is: "the righteous person shall live by his faith." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/hades/01.md b/bible/other/hades/01.md index 072ae47a..718d3893 100644 --- a/bible/other/hades/01.md +++ b/bible/other/hades/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,18 @@ ## Definition -Hades is the place where the souls of people go when they die. They remain in hades until they are raised to stand before God in the final judgment. +The terms "hades" and "sheol" are used in the Bible to refer to death and the place where the souls of people go when they die. Their meanings are similar. -* The Hebrew name that is used in the Old Testament is sheol. The Greek name that is used in the New Testament is hades. They refer to the same place. -* Hades appears to be divided into two parts. There is a place of suffering for unbelievers, and a place of comfort for believers. -* Hades is temporary. Believers in hades will eventually go to heaven. Unbelievers in hades will eventually be thrown into hell. \ No newline at end of file +* The Hebrew term "sheol" is often used in the Old Testament to refer generally to the place of death. +* In the New Testament, the Greek term "hades" refers to a place for the souls of people who rebelled against God. These souls are referred to as going "down" to hades. This is sometimes contrasted to going "up" to heaven, where the souls of people who believe in Jesus live. +* The term "hades" is coupled with the term "death" in the book of Revelation. In the end times, both death and hades will be thrown into the Lake of Fire, which is hell. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The Old Testament term "sheol" could be translated as "place of the dead" or "place for dead souls." Some translations translate this as "the pit" or "death," depending on the context. +* Some translations call this "the pit" or use a general term such as "death." +* The New Testament term "hades" could also be translated as "place for unbelieving dead souls" or "place of torment for the dead" or "place for the souls of unbelieving dead people." +* Some translations keep the word "sheol" or "hades," spelling them to fit the sound patterns of the language of translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/hail/01.md b/bible/other/hail/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..45ff99e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/hail/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# hail + +## Facts + +This term usually refers to a type of frozen precipitation that falls from the sky. + +* Hail comes down in the form of balls or chunks of ice called "hailstones." Usually the hailstones are small (a few centimeters wide), but there are also very large hailstones that are up to 20 centimeters wide and weighing over a kilogram. +* The book of Revelation in the New Testament describes God's judgment on people, which will include enormous hailstones that weigh 50 kilograms. +* Do not confuse this term with a word that is spelled the same but which is a kind of formal greeting in older English. This could be translated as "Greetings!" +* The soldiers who placed a crown of thorns on Jesus' head mocked him by calling out to him, "Hail, king of the Jews." +* Some older English versions of the Bible translate the angel Gabriel's greeting to Mary as "Hail, you whom God highly favors!" Many modern English versions instead begin this greeting with "Greetings," which is more natural in present-day English. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/hamath/01.md b/bible/other/hamath/01.md index c286584a..0c2e6b51 100644 --- a/bible/other/hamath/01.md +++ b/bible/other/hamath/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,12 @@ -# Hamath +# Hamath, Lebo Hamath ## Facts -Hamath was an Old Testament Hittite city in northern Syria. The city was located in the region of Hamath north of the land of Canaan. +Hamath was an important city in northern Syria, north of the land of Canaan. The modern-day name of the city is Hamah. -* King David had favorable relations with the king of Hamath. -* Hamath was said to be one of Solomon's storehouse cities where provisions were kept. -* The land of Hamath was where King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon had King Zedekiah killed. \ No newline at end of file +* The name "Lebo Hamath" probably refers to a mountain pass near the city of Hamath. +* Some versions translate "Lebo Hamath" as "entrance to Hamath." +* The "Hamathites" were descended from Noah's son Ham and his grandson Canaan. +* King David defeated enemies of King Tou of Hamath, which caused them to be on good terms. +* Hamath was one of Solomon's storehouse cities where provisions were kept. +* The land of Hamath was where King Zedekiah was killed by King Nebuchadnezzar and where King Jehoahaz was captured by an Egyptian pharaoh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/hand/01.md b/bible/other/hand/01.md index e10a7b6e..f18115ef 100644 --- a/bible/other/hand/01.md +++ b/bible/other/hand/01.md @@ -1,19 +1,20 @@ -# hand +# hand, right hand, to hand over ## Definition There are several figurative ways that "hand" is used in the Bible: -* The term "hand" is often used in reference to God's power and action such as when God says, "Has not my hand made all these things?" -* Expressions using "hand" also include giving someone over to the power or control of someone else, as in, “delivered them into the hands of the enemy.” +* The term "hand" is often used in reference to God's power and action, such as when God says, "Has not my hand made all these things?" (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_metonymy]]) +* Expressions such as "hand over to" or "deliver into the hands of" refer to causing someone to be under the control or power of someone else. +* To "hand" something someone means to "give" it to them. * The term "laying on of hands" refers to placing a hand on a person in order to dedicate that person to God's service or to pray for healing. * Some other figurative uses of "hand" include: * "Do not lay a hand on" means "Do not harm." -* To save "from the hand of" means to stop someone from harming someone else. +* To "save from the hand of" means to stop someone from harming someone else. * To be "close at hand" means to be "nearby." * The position of being "on the right hand" means "on the right side" or "to the right." * The phrase "by the hand of" someone means "by" or "through" the action of that person. For example, "by the hand of the Lord" means that the Lord is the one who caused something to happen. -* When Paul says "written by my hand," it means that this part of the letter was physically written down by him rather than dictated to someone else to write down, as the rest of the letter probably was. +* When Paul says "written by my hand," it means that this part of the letter was physically written down by him, rather than dictated to someone else to write down. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/other/hang/01.md b/bible/other/hang/01.md index 07346c84..141fcd25 100644 --- a/bible/other/hang/01.md +++ b/bible/other/hang/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ To hang something is to suspend something or someone above the ground. * Death by hanging typically is done using a rope noose that is tied around a person's neck and suspended from an elevated object, like a tree limb. Judas killed himself by hanging. -* Jesus' death by hanging on a wooden cross was done differently: the soldiers suspended him by nailing his hands \ No newline at end of file +* Jesus' death by hanging on a wooden cross was done differently: the soldiers suspended him by nailing his hands (or wrists) and his feet to the cross. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/hard/01.md b/bible/other/hard/01.md index ecdaea05..b1972dbf 100644 --- a/bible/other/hard/01.md +++ b/bible/other/hard/01.md @@ -15,4 +15,5 @@ The term "hard" has several different meanings depending on the context. It usua * Other ways to translated "hard-headed" could include, "stubbornly disobedient" or "continually unrepentant" or "deep-rooted stubbornness." * The term "hardness" could be translated as "stubbornness" or "persistent rebellion." -* In phrases such as "work hard" or "try hard," the term "hard" could be translated as, "with perseverance" or "diligently." \ No newline at end of file +* In phrases such as "work hard" or "try hard," the term "hard" could be translated as, "with perseverance" or "diligently." +* The phrase "hard-hearted" or "hard hearts" could be translated as, "stubbornly rebellious" or "refusing to obey" or "persistent disobedience to God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/head/01.md b/bible/other/head/01.md index 410bdce0..5b7b1abf 100644 --- a/bible/other/head/01.md +++ b/bible/other/head/01.md @@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ In the Bible, the word "head" is used with several figurative meanings. * The New Testament teaches that a husband is the "head" or authority of his wife. He is given the responsibility of leading and guiding his wife and family. * The expression, "no razor will ever touch his head" means " he will never cut or shave his hair." * The term "head" can also refer to the beginning or source of something as in the "head of the street." -* Another figurative use for "head" is when it is used to represent the whole person as in "this gray head" referring to an elderly person or "the head of Joseph" referring to Joseph. +* Another figurative use for "head" is when it is used to represent the whole person as in "this gray head" referring to an elderly person or "the head of Joseph" referring to Joseph. (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_synecdoche]]) +* The idiom "let their blood be on his own head" means that the man is responsible for their deaths and will receive the punishment for that. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/other/heal/01.md b/bible/other/heal/01.md index 2e8eaf1d..03c71120 100644 --- a/bible/other/heal/01.md +++ b/bible/other/heal/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ ## Definition -To heal is to cause a person's wounds, disease, or disability \ No newline at end of file +To heal is to cause a person's wounds, disease, or disability (such as blindness) to no longer exist. It also means to cause a sick or disabled person to be healthy again. + +* A person who is healed has been made well. +* Natural healing happens gradually. +* Miraculous healing normally occur suddenly, as when Peter caused a crippled man to immediately be able to walk. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/heart/01.md b/bible/other/heart/01.md index 92ca4177..6c08d37e 100644 --- a/bible/other/heart/01.md +++ b/bible/other/heart/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,22 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible “heart” is normally used figuratively to refer to a person's mind, thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. +In the Bible, the term “heart” is often used figuratively to refer to a person's thoughts, emotions, desires, or will. -* Some cultures use the words "stomach" or "liver" to refer to these parts of a person. -* Some cultures may use one word for some of these and another word for others. -* If a body part does not have this meaning, some languages may need to say "thoughts" or "emotions" instead of usage the figure of speech. -* To have a "hard heart" is a common expression that means a person is unwilling to listen to or obey God. \ No newline at end of file +* To have a "hard heart" is a common expression that means a person stubbornly refuses to obey God. +* The expressions "with all my heart" or "with my whole heart" mean to do something with no holding back, with complete commitment and willingness. +* The idiom, "take it to heart" means to treat something seriously and apply it to one's life. +* The term "brokenhearted" describes a person who is very sad. They have been deeply hurt emotionally. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* Some languages use a different body part such as "stomach" or "liver" to refer to these ideas. +* Other languages may use one word to express some of these concepts and another word to express others. +* If "heart" or other body part does not have this meaning, some languages may need to be direct and nonfigurative and say "thoughts" or "emotions" or "desires" instead of using the figure of speech +* Depending on the context, "with all my heart" or "with my whole heart" could be translated as, "with all my energy" or "with complete dedication" or "completely." +* The phrase "take it to heart" could be translated as "treat it seriously" or "carefully think about it." +* The idiom "hard-hearted" could also be translated as, "stubbornly rebellious" or "refusing to obey" or "continually disobeying God." +* Ways to translate "brokenhearted" could include, "very sad" or "feeling deeply hurt." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/herodias/01.md b/bible/other/herodias/01.md index e0186bc3..1693b56f 100644 --- a/bible/other/herodias/01.md +++ b/bible/other/herodias/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,7 @@ ## Facts -Herodias was the wife of King Herod \ No newline at end of file +Herodias was the wife of King Herod (Antipas) in Judea during the time of John the Baptist. + +* Herodias was originally the wife of Herod's brother Phillip, but was unlawfully married to Herod instead. +* John the Baptist rebuked Herod and Herodias for their unlawful marriage. Because of this, Herod put John in prison and eventually had him beheaded. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/herodthegreat/01.md b/bible/other/herodthegreat/01.md index fea8b957..76326bc1 100644 --- a/bible/other/herodthegreat/01.md +++ b/bible/other/herodthegreat/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ There are several rulers named Herod in the Bible. Herod the Great was a non-Jew * He was famous for the work he ordered to be done on the Jewish temple in Jerusalem. * He was cruel and had many people killed. When he heard that another king of the Jews had been born in Bethlehem, he had all the baby boys there killed. -* His sons, Herod Antipas and Herod Philip, and his grandson Herod Agrippa later became rulers in Judea. His great-grandson Herod Agrippa II \ No newline at end of file +* His sons, Herod Antipas and Herod Philip, and his grandson Herod Agrippa later became rulers in Judea. His great-grandson Herod Agrippa II (called King Agrippa) also ruled over the entire area of Judea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/hilkiah/01.md b/bible/other/hilkiah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6766a505 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/hilkiah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Hilkiah + +## Facts + +Hilkiah was the name of the high priest during the reign of King Josiah. + +* When the temple was being repaired, Hilkiah the high priest found the Book of the Law and ordered that it be brought to King Josiah. +* After the Book of the Law was read to him, Josiah was grieved and he caused the people of Judah to worship Yahweh again and obey his laws. +* Another man named Hilkiah was the son of Eliakim and worked in the palace during the time of King Hezekiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/honey/01.md b/bible/other/honey/01.md index 7eba6166..d630739d 100644 --- a/bible/other/honey/01.md +++ b/bible/other/honey/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -Honey is the sweet, sticky, edible substance that honeybees make out of flower nectar. Honeycomb is the waxy frame that the bees store the honey in. +Honey is the sweet, sticky, edible substance that honeybees make out of flower nectar. Honeycomb is the waxy frame where the bees store honey. * Depending on the variety, honey can be yellowish or brownish in color. -* Once when the Israelites were fighting against the Philistines, King Saul's son Jonathan found wild honey in the forest and ate it. -* Samson once found honey inside the carcass of a dead lion and made up a riddle about it. -* When John the Baptist was living out in the desert, he ate only locusts and wild honey. \ No newline at end of file +* Honey is sometimes used figuratively to represent something that is sweet or very pleasurable. Something is said to be honey or is described as being sweet "like honey." (See also: [[en/ta-vol1/translate/man/figs_simile]], [[en/ta-vol1/translate/man/figs_metaphor]]) +* Honey can be found in the wild, such as in the hollow of a tree, or wherever the bees make a nest. People also raise bees in hives in order to produce honey to eat or sell, but probably the honey mentioned in the Bible was wild honey. +* In order to regain strength for fighting a battle, Saul's son Jonathan ate wild honey he had found in the forest. +* Samson once found honey inside the carcass of a dead lion. +* John the Baptist ate locusts and wild honey while living in the desert. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/honor/01.md b/bible/other/honor/01.md index 95032770..48fa88a3 100644 --- a/bible/other/honor/01.md +++ b/bible/other/honor/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# honor +# honor, to honor ## Definition @@ -6,5 +6,9 @@ The term "honor" refers to respect, esteem, or reverence that is given to God or * God instructs Christians to honor others, but not to seek honor for themselves. * Children are instructed to honor their parents, which includes respect and obedience. -* "Honor and glory" are often used together, especially in reference to Jesus. These may be two different ways of referring to the same thing. -* Honor for God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is. \ No newline at end of file +* "Honor and glory" are often used together, especially when referring to Jesus. These may be two different ways of referring to the same thing. +* Honor for God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is. +Translation Suggestions: + +* Other ways to translate "honor" could include, "respect" or "esteem" or "high regard." +* The term "to honor" could be translated as "to show special respect to" or "to cause to be praised" or "to show high regard for" or "to highly value." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/horn/01.md b/bible/other/horn/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..69bfee11 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/horn/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# horn, horns + +## Facts + +Horns are permanent, hard, pointed growths on the heads of many types of cattle, sheep, and goats. The term "horn" is also used figuratively as a symbol of strength, power, authority, and royalty. + +* The horn of a ram (male sheep) was made into a musical instrument called a "ram's horn" or "shofar," which was blown for special events such as religious festivals. +* God told the Israelites to make a horn-shaped projection on each of the four corners of the incense and brazen altars. Although these projections were called "horns," they were not actually animal horns. +* The term "horn" was sometimes used to refer to a "flask" that was shaped like a horn and was used for holding water or oil. A flask of oil was used for anointing a king, as Samuel did with David. +* This term should be translated with a word that is different from the word for used to refer to a trumpet. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/horror/01.md b/bible/other/horror/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7bd729f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/horror/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# horror, horrified + +## Definition + +The term "horror" refers to a very intense feeling of fear or terror. The person who is feeling horror is said to be "horrified." + +* Horror is more dramatic and intense than ordinary fear. +* Usually when someone is horrified they are also in shock or stunned. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/horsemen/01.md b/bible/other/horsemen/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e0d49092 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/horsemen/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# horsemen + +## Definition + +In Bible times, the term "horsemen" often referred to men who rode horses into battle. + +* Horses were used to pull chariots and carts. +* The people of Israel, however, did not maintain a large number of horsemen. +* They believed that the use of horses in battle was a pagan custom that placed too much emphasis on power for victory rather than on Yahweh. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/house/01.md b/bible/other/house/01.md index a64e35e7..f8e94f1f 100644 --- a/bible/other/house/01.md +++ b/bible/other/house/01.md @@ -2,13 +2,20 @@ ## Definition -The term "house" is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to all the people who live together in the same house, including family members and servants. +The term "house" is often used figuratively in the Bible. -* It also often refers to a person's ancestors, descendants or other relatives as in, "the house of David." -* Sometimes the term "house of God" or "house of Yahweh" is used to refer to God's temple. -* In Hebrews 3, "house" is used as a metaphor to refer either to God's people or to God's kingdom. +* Sometimes it means "household, referring to the people who live together in one house. +* Often "house" refers to a person's ancestors, descendants or other relatives as in, "the house of David." +* The terms "house of God" and "house of Yahweh" are used to refer to the tabernacle or temple. They can refer generally to where God is or dwells. +* In Hebrews 3, "God's house" is used as a metaphor to refer to God's people or more generally, to everything pertaining to God. * The phrase "house of Israel" can refer generally to the entire nation of Israel or more specifically to the tribes of the northern kingdom of Israel. -Translation Suggestions + + +## Translation Suggestions + + * Depending on the context, "house" could be translated as, "household" or "people" or "family" or "descendants" or "temple" or "dwelling place." -* Different ways to translate "house of Israel" could include, "people of Israel" or "Israel's descendants" or "Israelites." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase "house of David" could be translated as, "clan of David" or "family of David" or "descendants of David." Related expressions could be translated in a similar way. +* Different ways to translate "house of Israel" could include, "people of Israel" or "Israel's descendants" or "Israelites." +* The phrase "house of Yahweh" could be translated as "Yahweh's temple" or "place where Yahweh is worshiped" or "place where Yahweh meets with his people" or "where Yahweh dwells." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/houseofdavid/01.md b/bible/other/houseofdavid/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7dc6cac3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/houseofdavid/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# house of David + +## Facts + +The idiom "house of David" refers to the family or descendants of King David. + +* This could also be translated as, "the descendants of David." +* Because Jesus was descended from David, he was part of the "house of David." +* Sometimes "house of David" or "household of David" refers to the people in David's family who were still living. +* Other times this term is more general and refers to all his descendants, including those who had already died. +* See also the term [[other/house]]. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/humiliate/01.md b/bible/other/humiliate/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7310647e --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/humiliate/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# humiliate, humiliation + +## Facts + +The term "humiliate" means to cause someone to feel shamed or disgraced. This is usually done in publicly. + +* The act of shaming someone is called "humiliation." +* When God humbles someone it means that he causes a prideful person to experience failure to help him overcome his pride. This is different than humiliating someone which is often done in order to hurt that person. +* To "humiliate" could also be translated as to "shame" or to "cause to feel shame" or "embarrass." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "humiliation" could include, "shame" or "degrading" or "disgrace." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/iconium/01.md b/bible/other/iconium/01.md index 04e98fe8..32368a17 100644 --- a/bible/other/iconium/01.md +++ b/bible/other/iconium/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ ## Facts -Iconium was a city in south central Asia Minor \ No newline at end of file +Iconium was a city in south central Asia Minor (now the country of Turkey). + +* Iconium was located where the modern day city of Konya is now located. +* When Paul and Barnabas were expelled by the Jews from the region of Antioch after their successful ministry to the Gentiles in Antioch on the first missionary journey, they went to Iconium. +* The unbelieving Jews and Gentiles in Iconium were planning to stone Paul and his coworkers, but they escaped to the nearby city of Lystra. Then the people from Iconium and Antioch came to Lystra and also stirred up the people there to stone Paul. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/image/01.md b/bible/other/image/01.md index 6ba847a1..00225ff4 100644 --- a/bible/other/image/01.md +++ b/bible/other/image/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,12 @@ -# image, carved figure, cast metal figure +# image, carved image, carved figure, cast metal figure ## Definition -An image is something that is like something else, in appearance or in essence. A "carved image" is another name for an idol. +These terms are all used to refer to idols that have been made for worshiping a false god. Inthe context of worshiping idols, the term "image" is a shortened form of "carved image." -* A carved image +* A "carved image" is a wooden object that has been made to look like an animal, person, or thing. +* A "cast metal figure" is an object or statue created by pouring molten metal into a mold that is in the shape of an object, animal, or person. +* These wooden and metal objects were used in the worship of false gods. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -12,4 +14,5 @@ An image is something that is like something else, in appearance or in essence. * Depending on the context, the term "image" could also be translated as "statue" or "engraved idol" or "carved religious object." -* It may be more clear in some languages to always use the term "carved image," even in places in the text where only the term "image" is used. \ No newline at end of file +* It may be more clear in some languages to always use the term "carved image," even in places in the text where only the term "image" is used. +* Make sure that this term is clearly different than the term used to refer to being in the image of God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/inquire/01.md b/bible/other/inquire/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bde73e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/inquire/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# inquire + +## Facts + +The term "inquire" means to ask someone for information. + +* The Old Testament records several instances where people inquired of God. +* The word can also be used of a king or government official making a search through official written records. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/instruct/01.md b/bible/other/instruct/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fd8102b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/instruct/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# instruct, instruction + +## Facts + +The terms “instruct” and “instruction” refer to giving specific directions about how to do something or specific commands to obey. + +* When Jesus gave the disciples the bread and fish to distribute to the people, he gave them specific instructions about how to do it. +* The term “instructed” could also be translated as “told” or “directed.” +* The term “instructions” could be translated as “directions” or “explanations.” +* When used in reference to Yahweh, “instructions” can have the meaning of “commands” or “decrees.” \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/interpret/01.md b/bible/other/interpret/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8812c08f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/interpret/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# interpret, interpretation + +## Facts + +The terms "interpret" and "interpretation" refer to understanding and explaining the meaning of something that is not clear. + +* Often in the Bible these terms are used in connection with explaining the meaning of dreams. +* When the king of Babylon had some confusing dreams, God helped Daniel to interpret them and to explain their meanings. +* The "interpretation" of the dream is the "explanation" of the meaning of the dream. Sometimes this interpretation was written down. +* In the Old Testament, God often revealed to people what would happen in the future. So the interpretations of those dreams were also prophecies. +* The term "interpret" can also be used for figuring out the meaning of other things, such as interpreting what the weather is going to be like based on what is happening in the natural world. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/jacob/01.md b/bible/other/jacob/01.md index 9066dfe8..59018340 100644 --- a/bible/other/jacob/01.md +++ b/bible/other/jacob/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ ## Facts -Jacob was the second of the twin sons that were born to Isaac and Rebekah. The first twin born was Esau. +Jacob was the younger twin son of Isaac and Rebekah. * Jacob's name means "deceiver" or "trickster." * Jacob was clever and deceptive. He found ways to take both the firstborn inheritance rights and the blessing from his older brother, Esau. * Esau was angry and planned to kill him, so Jacob left his homeland. But he later returned and lived peacefully with his brother. -* God changes Jacob's name to Israel, which means, "He struggles with God." +* God changed Jacob's name to Israel, which means, "he struggles with God." * God kept his covenant to Abraham and his descendants through Abraham's son, Isaac, and Isaac's son, Jacob. * Jacob had twelve sons. Their descendants became the twelve tribes of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/jehoram/01.md b/bible/other/jehoram/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4915873a --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/jehoram/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Jehoram + +## Facts + +Jehoram was the name of two different kings in the Old Testament. + +* One was the son of Jehoshaphat and became king over Judah. +* The other Jehoram was the son of Ahab and was king over Israel. This king was also known as "Joram." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/jeroboam/01.md b/bible/other/jeroboam/01.md index eec85908..647983d3 100644 --- a/bible/other/jeroboam/01.md +++ b/bible/other/jeroboam/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ ## Facts -Jeroboam was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel. He ruled over the ten tribes of Israel that rebelled and separated from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin in the south. +Jeroboam was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel. He ruled over the ten tribes of Israel that rebelled and separated from the southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin. -* Jeroboam was a very wicked king. He set up idols and encouraged the people of the kingdom of Israel to worship them, instead of worshiping Yahweh at the Temple in Jerusalem. -* Future kings of the kingdom of Israel followed Jeroboam's evil example. \ No newline at end of file +* Jeroboam had been one of king Solomon's officials and then he rebelled against the king and caused ten of the tribes of Israel to be divided from the other two tribes. +* Jeroboam was a very wicked king. He set up idols and encouraged the people of the kingdom of Israel to worship them, instead of worshiping Yahweh at the temple in Jerusalem. +* Other kings of the kingdom of Israel followed Jeroboam's evil example. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/jezreel/01.md b/bible/other/jezreel/01.md index 92b1f95d..92ce0b8a 100644 --- a/bible/other/jezreel/01.md +++ b/bible/other/jezreel/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -Jezreel was a town in Issachar's territory where the kings of Israel often had their palaces. +Jezreel was the name of an important Israelite city in the territory of the Issachar tribe, located southwest of the Salt Sea. Several kings of Israel had their palaces there. -* Jezreel is one of the western points in the valley of Megiddo. -* The prophet Elijah met the wicked King Ahab and prophesied against him there. \ No newline at end of file +* The city of Jezreel is one of the western points in the Plain of Megiddo, which is also called the Valley of Jezreel. +* Naboth's vineyard was located in Jezreel, near King Ahab's palace. The prophet Elijah prophesied against Ahab there. +* Ahab's evil wife Jezebel was killed in Jezreel. +* Many other significant events happened in this city, including several battles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/joab/01.md b/bible/other/joab/01.md index 42e7d4e3..056ba304 100644 --- a/bible/other/joab/01.md +++ b/bible/other/joab/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -Joab was a loyal follower of David before he was king and became an important military leader for King David during his reign. +Joab was an important military leader for King David throughout his entire reign. -* He was also the son of King David's sister Zeruiah. -* Joab became the commander over King David's army. -* Joab killed David's son Absalom when Absalom was a traitor and tried to take over David's throne. \ No newline at end of file +* Before David became king, Joab had already been one of his loyal followers. +* Later, during David's reign as king over Israel, Joab became the commander over King David's army. +* Joab's mother was Zeruiah, who was one of King David's sisters. So Joab was also David's nephew. +* When David's son Absalom betrayed him by trying to take over his kingship, Joab killed Absalom in order to protect the king. +* Joab was a very aggressive fighter and killed many people who were enemies of Israel. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/johntheapostle/01.md b/bible/other/johntheapostle/01.md index 530d55cd..b7c26919 100644 --- a/bible/other/johntheapostle/01.md +++ b/bible/other/johntheapostle/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ John was one of Jesus' twelve apostles and one of Jesus' closest friends. * John's and his brother were the sons of Zebedee. * John was a different person than John the Baptist. -* After Jesus went back to heaven, John \ No newline at end of file +* After Jesus went back to heaven, John (the apostle) taught people about Jesus. +* John also wrote two books and some letters about Jesus that are included in the Bible. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/joram/01.md b/bible/other/joram/01.md index c87b737b..3344b662 100644 --- a/bible/other/joram/01.md +++ b/bible/other/joram/01.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Joram, also known as Jehoram, was a king of Israel, the son of Ahab and Jezebel. -* Joram reigned at the same time as a different Jehoram, who was king of Judah. -* King Joram was a godless man who followed the ways of Israel's King Jeroboam, causing Israel to sin. \ No newline at end of file +* King Joram reigned at the same time as a different Jehoram, who was king of Judah. +* Joram was an evil king who worshiped false gods and also caused Israel to sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/jotham/01.md b/bible/other/jotham/01.md index ace0ed9b..898aacc3 100644 --- a/bible/other/jotham/01.md +++ b/bible/other/jotham/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,7 @@ In the Old Testament, there are three men with the name Jotham. * One man named Jotham was the youngest son of Gideon. Jotham helped defeat his older brother Abimelech, who had treacherously killed all the rest of their brothers. -* Another man named Jotham was a king over Judah for sixteen years following the death of his father Uzziah \ No newline at end of file +* Another man named Jotham was a king over Judah for sixteen years following the death of his father Uzziah (also known as Azariah). +* Like his father, King Jotham obeyed God and was a good king. +* However, also like his father, King Jotham did not remove the places of idol worship and this caused his people to later turn away from God again. Another result of idol worship was that Jotham's son Ahaz was an evil king. +* Jotham is one of the ancestors listed in the genealogy of Jesus Christ in the book of Matthew. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/judah/01.md b/bible/other/judah/01.md index b7b6cb11..c4f50dc8 100644 --- a/bible/other/judah/01.md +++ b/bible/other/judah/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ ## Facts -Judah was the fourth of Jacob's twelve sons. Judah's mother was Leah. God gave Judah's descendants the right to rule Israel and promised that one of them would rule the world forever. +Judah was the fourth of Jacob's twelve sons. His mother was Leah. -* Judah's descendants are referred to as the tribe of Judah. -* The word "Jew" comes from the name "Judah." \ No newline at end of file +* Judah's descendants became the tribe of Judah. +* The word "Jew" comes from the name "Judah." +* When the nation of Israel divided after Solomon's reign ended, the kingdom of Judah was the southern part. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/judaism/01.md b/bible/other/judaism/01.md index 82154836..cd52e6c8 100644 --- a/bible/other/judaism/01.md +++ b/bible/other/judaism/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ The term "Judaism" has been used from the time of the New Testament until the present day to refer to the religion practiced by the Jews, that is, the "Jewish religion." -* During the time of the Old Testament, the term "Judaism" was not yet used. Rather, at that time the religion of the Jews \ No newline at end of file +* During the time of the Old Testament, the term "Judaism" was not yet used. Rather, at that time the religion of the Jews (or Israelites) was referred to as the "Jewish religion." +* The Jewish religion (Judaism) includes all the Old Testament laws and instructions that God gave to the Israelites to obey. It also includes the customs and traditions that have been added to the Jewish religion over time. +* When translating, the term "Jewish religion" or "religion of the Jews" can be used in both the Old and New Testaments. The term "Judaism" should only be used in the New Testament since that term did not exist before that. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/judasiscariot/01.md b/bible/other/judasiscariot/01.md index 1f898383..46638447 100644 --- a/bible/other/judasiscariot/01.md +++ b/bible/other/judasiscariot/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ ## Facts -Judas was one of Jesus' twelve apostles. However, he betrayed Jesus to the Jewish leaders. +Judas Iscariot was one of Jesus' twelve apostles. He was the one who betrayed Jesus to the Jewish leaders. -* Judas managed the apostles' money, but he stole some of it for himself. +* The name "Iscariot" may mean "from Kerioth," perhaps referring to the city where Judas grew up. +* Judas Iscariot was a thief; he managed the apostles' money and regularly stole some of it to use for himself. * Judas betrayed Jesus by telling the religious leaders where Jesus was so they could arrest him. -* When the religious leaders condemned Jesus to die, Judas regretted that he had betrayed Jesus, so he killed himself. \ No newline at end of file +* After the religious leaders condemned Jesus to die, Judas regretted that he had betrayed Jesus, so he killed himself. +* There are other men named Judas in the Bible, such as Jesus' brother and another of the twelve disciples. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/judassonofjames/01.md b/bible/other/judassonofjames/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8539a463 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/judassonofjames/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Judas the son of James + +## Facts + +Judas, son of James, was one of Jesus' twelve closest disciples. Note that this was not the same man as Judas Iscariot. + +* Often in the Bible, men with the same name are distinguished by mentioning whose son they were. Here, Judas is identified as the "son of James." +* Another man named Judas was Jesus' brother. He was also known as "Jude." +* The New Testament book called "Jude" was probably written by Jesus' brother Judas, since he identifies himself as the "brother of James." James was another brother of Jesus. +* It is also possible that the book of Jude was written by Jesus' disciple, Judas, the son of James. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/judea/01.md b/bible/other/judea/01.md index 1b203dc6..91d29b01 100644 --- a/bible/other/judea/01.md +++ b/bible/other/judea/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ The term "Judea" comes from the name Judah which was one of the twelve tribes of Israel. It is used in both a narrow sense and a broad sense. * Sometimes "Judea" is used in a narrow sense to refer only to the province located in the southern part of ancient Israel just west of the Dead Sea. Some translations call this province "Judah." -* Other times "Judea" has a broader sense and refers to all the provinces of ancient Israel, including Galilee, Samaria, Perea, Idumea and Judea \ No newline at end of file +* Other times "Judea" has a broader sense and refers to all the provinces of ancient Israel, including Galilee, Samaria, Perea, Idumea and Judea (Judah). +If translators want to make the distinction clear, the broader sense of Judea (ex. Luke 1:5) could be translated as "Judea Country" and the narrow sense (ex. Luke 1:39) could be translated as "Judea Province" or "Judah Province" since this is the part of the land of ancient Israel where the tribe of Judah had originally lived. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/kedar/01.md b/bible/other/kedar/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d2c6c06e --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/kedar/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Kedar + +## Facts + +Kedar was the name of Ishmael's second son and the large people group descended from him. There is also a prominent city named Kedar. + +* The city of Kedar is located in the northern part of Arabia near the southern border of Palestine. In Bible times, it was known for its greatness and beauty. +* The phrase “dark tents of Kedar” refers to the black goat hair tents the people of Kedar lived in. +* In the Bible, the phrase “the glory of Kedar” refers to the greatness of that city and its people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/kind/01.md b/bible/other/kind/01.md index 045a01d2..f14c9363 100644 --- a/bible/other/kind/01.md +++ b/bible/other/kind/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,18 @@ -# kind +# kind, kinds ## Definition -When "kind" is a noun, it refers to a group or classification of things that are connected by shared characteristics. +The terms "kind" and "kinds" refer to groups or classifications of things that are connected by shared characteristics. -* A group or classification of plants or animals that share characteristics is called a "kind". -* The main thing that distinguishes each "kind" as a separate group is that members of that group can reproduce more of their same "kind". -* Often there are many different variations within each "kind." For example, horses, zebras and donkeys are all members of the same "kind." -* This term could be translated as "type" or "class" or "group" or "category." \ No newline at end of file +* In the Bible, this term is specifically used to refer to the distinctive classifications of plants and animals that God made when he created the world. +* Often there are many different variations or species within each "kind." For example, horses, zebras, and donkeys are all members of the same "kind," but they are different species. +* The main thing that distinguishes each "kind" as a separate group is that members of that group can reproduce more of their same "kind." + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* This term could be translated as "type" or "class" or "group" or "category." +* The word "species" would //not// be an accurate translation of this term, since "kind" is a broader category with several species within it. +[Note: This term is not the word that is related to kindness.] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/kingdomofjudah/01.md b/bible/other/kingdomofjudah/01.md index 3e292718..111cb008 100644 --- a/bible/other/kingdomofjudah/01.md +++ b/bible/other/kingdomofjudah/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ Judah was the largest of the twelve tribes of Israel. After King Solomon died, t * The capital city of the kingdom of Judah was Jerusalem. * Some of the kings of the kingdom of Judah obeyed God and led the people to worship him. But many of Judah's kings were evil. -* Over 120 years after Assyria defeated Israel \ No newline at end of file +* Over 120 years after Assyria defeated Israel (the northern kingdom), Judah was conquered by the nation of Babylon. The Babylonians destroyed the city and the temple, and took most of the people from the kingdom of Judah away to Babylon as captives. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/know/01.md b/bible/other/know/01.md index 59e43e7d..d5825b3d 100644 --- a/bible/other/know/01.md +++ b/bible/other/know/01.md @@ -2,22 +2,24 @@ ## Definition -To "know" means to understand something or to be aware of a fact. This can apply to knowing things in both the physical and spiritual worlds. +To "know" means to understand something or to be aware of a fact. The phrase "make known" is an idiom that means to tell information. +* The term "knowledge" refers to things that people know. It can apply to knowing things in both the physical and spiritual worlds. * God has revealed facts about himself to people so they can know him. * We know people because of what we tell each other and what we observe about each other. * We also know facts about science, art or other areas of life by observing or studying them. -* the phrase "make known" is an idiom that means to reveal or tell information. -* In older English Bible versions, the term "know" is used to refer to sexual relations between a husband and wife. +* To know God's will means to be aware of what he has commanded, or to understand what he wants a person to do. +* To "know the Law" means being aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses. +* Sometimes "knowledge" is used as a synonym for "wisdom," which includes living in a way that is pleasing to God. +* The "knowledge of God" is sometimes used as a synonym for the "fear of Yahweh." ## Translation Suggestions -* Some languages have two different words to refer to knowing facts and to knowing people. Make sure that the word that is used fits the context. -* The term "make known" could be translated as "reveal" or "tell about" or "explain." +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "know" could include, "understand" or "be familiar with" or "be aware of" or "be acquainted with" or "be in relationship with." +* Some languages have two different words for "know" depending on whether it is about knowing facts or about knowing people. Make sure the correct word is used in each context." +* The term "make known" could be translated as "reveal" or "tell about" or "explain. * To "know about" something could be translated as "be aware of" or "be familiar with." -* To know God's will means to be aware of what he has commanded or to understand what he wants a person to do. -* To "know the Law" means being aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses. -* The phrase "know how to" do something means to understand what the steps are to getting something done. \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase "know how to" means to understand the process or way to getting something done. It could also be translated as, "be able to" or "have the skill to." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/korah/01.md b/bible/other/korah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6cc37fd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/korah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Korah + +## Definition + +Korah was the name of at least two men in the Old Testament. + +* One of the sons of Esau was named Korah. He became a leader in his community. +* Korah was also a descendant of Levi and so served in the tabernacle as a priest. He became jealous of the position and authority given to Moses and Aaron by God. +* He conspired with Dathan and Abiram to get the people of Israel to rebel against their God-given leaders. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/leopard/01.md b/bible/other/leopard/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b233418f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/leopard/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# leopard + +## Facts + +A leopard is a large, cat-like, wild animal that is brown with black spots. + +* A leopard preys on other animals and eats them. +* The suddenness of disaster is compared to a leopard, because of its fierce, swift nature. +* In visions given to Daniel and John, a leopard was used to describe what one of the beasts looked like. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/leviathan/01.md b/bible/other/leviathan/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..18fc4f15 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/leviathan/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Leviathan + +## Facts + +The term "Leviathan" refers to a very large extinct animal mentioned in the earliest writings of the Old Testament. + +* Leviathan is described as a large creature, strong and fierce and able to make the water around him "boil". The descriptions of it are similar to that of a dinosaur. +* Isaiah the prophet refers to Leviathan as "the gliding serpent". +* Job writes from firsthand knowledge of Leviathan, so the animal was most likely alive during his lifetime. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/levite/01.md b/bible/other/levite/01.md index 0e32f4fd..f9e97d35 100644 --- a/bible/other/levite/01.md +++ b/bible/other/levite/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ A Levite is a person who is a member of the Israelite tribe whose ancestor is Levi. * The Levites were responsible for the temple and religious ceremony. -* All Jewish priests were men who were part of the Levites. \ No newline at end of file +* All Jewish priests were men who were part of the Levites. (Not all Levites were priests, however.) +* The Levite priests were set apart and dedicated for the special work of serving God in the temple. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/like/01.md b/bible/other/like/01.md index a0a11cc6..8d186125 100644 --- a/bible/other/like/01.md +++ b/bible/other/like/01.md @@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ People or things that are "like" each other have things that are similar to each * The phrase "in the likeness of his death" could be translated as, "sharing in the experience of his death" or "as if experiencing his death with him." -* The phrase "in the likeness of sinful flesh" could be translated as, "being like a sinful human being" or "to be a human being." Make sure the translation of this phrase does not sound like Jesus was sinful. -* The expression, "the likeness of an image of perishable man, of birds, of four-footed beasts and of creeping things." could be translated as, "idols made to look like perishable humans, or animals such as birds, beasts and crawling things." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase "in the likeness of sinful flesh" could be translated as "being like a sinful human being" or "to be a human being." Make sure the translation of this phrase does not sound like Jesus was sinful. +* The expression "the likeness of an image of perishable man, of birds, of four-footed beasts and of creeping things" could be translated as "idols made to look like perishable humans, or animals, such as birds, beasts, and crawling things." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/locust/01.md b/bible/other/locust/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4c87bed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/locust/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# locust + +## Facts + +The term "locust" refers to a kind of large, flying grasshopper that sometimes forms a swarm which is very destructive, eating all vegetation in its path. + +* Locusts and other grasshoppers are large, straight-winged insects with long, jointed back legs that give them the ability to jump a long way. +* All through the Old Testament, locusts are seen as an overwhelming infestation that destroys crops and animals. +* God sent locusts as one of the ten plagues against the Egyptians. +* The New Testament says that locusts were a main source of food for John the Baptist. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/loins/01.md b/bible/other/loins/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..010b9dd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/loins/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# loins + +## Definition + +The term "loins" refers to the part of the body of an animal or person that is between the lower ribs and the hip bones, also known as the lower abdomen. + +* In the Bible, the term "loins" often refers figuratively and euphemistically to a man's reproductive organs. as the source of his descendants. (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_euphemism]]) +* The idiom "gird up the loins" refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one's robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_idiom]]) +* The loins are referred to as a source of strength. +* The term "loins" is often used in the Bible to refer to the lower back part of an animal that was sacrificed. +* The phrase "will come from your loins" could also be translated as, "will be your offspring" or "will be born from your seed" or "God will cause to come from you." (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/lots/01.md b/bible/other/lots/01.md index 3ccb959d..f31943e6 100644 --- a/bible/other/lots/01.md +++ b/bible/other/lots/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ A "lot" is a marked object that is thrown or picked from among other similar obj * Casting lots was used to choose which priest would perform a specific duty in the temple at a specific time. * The soldiers who crucified Jesus threw lots to decide who would keep Jesus' robe. * Throwing lots involved tossing or rolling small marked stones or pieces of broken pottery. The person who rolled the specially marked piece would be chosen. -* Some cultures use a bunch of straws for drawing lots. Someone holds the straws so that no one can see how long they are. People each pick a straw and the one who picks the longest \ No newline at end of file +* Some cultures use a bunch of straws for drawing lots. Someone holds the straws so that no one can see how long they are. People each pick a straw and the one who picks the longest (or shortest) straw is the one who is chosen. +* The phrase "casting lots" can be translated as "tossing lots" or "drawing lots" or "rolling lots". Make sure it does not sound like the lots were being thrown a long distance. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/lover/01.md b/bible/other/lover/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2d56c4d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/lover/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# lover + +## Definition + +The term "lover" literally means "person who loves." Usually this refers to people who are in a sexual relationship with each other. + +* It is God's will for sexual relations to be between a husband and wife only. +* When the term "lover" is used in the Bible, it usually refers to an unmarried person who is involved in sexual relationships with other unmarried people. +* This wrong sexual relationship is often used in the Bible to refer to Israel's disobedience to God in worshiping idols. So the term "lovers" is also used in a figurative way to refer to the idols that the people of Israel worshiped. In these contexts, this term could possibly be translated by, "immoral partners" or "partners in adultery" or "idols." [See Metaphor] +* A "lover" of money is someone who puts too much importance on getting money and being rich. +* In the Old Testament book, Song of Songs, the term "lover" is used in a positive way. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/lute/01.md b/bible/other/lute/01.md index f24531be..b561578f 100644 --- a/bible/other/lute/01.md +++ b/bible/other/lute/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,5 @@ The lute and the lyre are small, stringed, musical instruments that were used by * A lyre looks very much like a small harp, having an open frame that the strings are strung across. * A lute is very similar to a modern day acoustic guitar, having a wooden sound box and an extended neck on which the strings are strung. * To play a lute or a lyre, certain strings are held down with the fingers of one hand while other strings are plucked or strummed with the other hand. -* The lute, lyre, and harp are all played by strumming or plucking the strings. \ No newline at end of file +* The lute, lyre, and harp are all played by strumming or plucking the strings. +* The number of strings varied, but the Old Testament specifically mentions instruments that had ten strings. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/magnify/01.md b/bible/other/magnify/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cc96cf36 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/magnify/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# magnify + +## Facts + +Literally, the term "magnify" means to draw attention to someone or something in order to make known. + +* When used in the Bible, the "magnify" usually refers to exalting a king or God himself. +* When a person magnifies himself it means that he is proud and tries to make himself appear important. The prophet Daniel describes a king in the end times who will magnify himself above everyone in order for people to worship him. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* Other ways to translate "magnify" could include, "tell how great \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/manasseh/01.md b/bible/other/manasseh/01.md index 4b3dca5c..6a57d817 100644 --- a/bible/other/manasseh/01.md +++ b/bible/other/manasseh/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,18 @@ ## Facts -There were two men by the name of Manasseh in the Old Testament: +There were five men by the name of Manasseh in the Old Testament: -* One of these men was the firstborn son of Joseph. His descendants formed the half-tribe of Manasseh. -* Although Manasseh was the oldest son, God led his grandfather Jacob to not give him the special blessing that is usually given to the firstborn. Instead that blessing went to his younger brother Ephraim. -* Jacob adopted Manasseh and Ephraim as his own sons, giving their descendants the same status as the other tribes of Israel. -* Another man named Manasseh was one of the kings of Judah. +* Manasseh was the name of Joseph's firstborn son. +* Both Manasseh and his younger brother Ephraim were adopted by Joseph's father, Jacob which gave their descendants the privilege of being among the twelve tribes of Israel. +* The descendants of Manasseh formed one of the tribes of Israel. +* The tribe of Manasseh was often called the "half-tribe of Manasseh" because only part of the tribe settled in the land of Canaan, on the west side of the Jordan River. The other part of the tribe settled on the east side of the Jordan. + + +* One of the kings of Judah was also named Manasseh. * King Manasseh was an evil king who sacrificed his own children as burnt offerings to false gods. -* God punished him by allowing him to be captured by an enemy army. Manasseh repented and turned back to God. He destroyed the altars where idols were worshiped. \ No newline at end of file +* God punished King Manasseh by allowing him to be captured by an enemy army. Manasseh turned back to God and destroyed the altars where idols were worshiped. + + +* Two men named Manasseh lived during the time of Ezra who had each married a foreign wife. These men were required to divorce those wives because of the evil influence of their foreign gods. +* One other Manasseh was the grandfather of some Danites who were priests for false idols. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/manofgod/01.md b/bible/other/manofgod/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ecd0c87 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/manofgod/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# man of God + +## Facts + +The idiom "man of God" is a respectful way of referring to a prophet of Yahweh. + +* It was a title of honor that was given to many of the prophets in the Old Testament. +* This could also be translated as "man who belongs to God" or "man whom God has chosen" or "man who serves God." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mediterranean/01.md b/bible/other/mediterranean/01.md index 243e1f3b..e8172ed9 100644 --- a/bible/other/mediterranean/01.md +++ b/bible/other/mediterranean/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ In the Bible, the "Great Sea" or "western sea" refers to what is now called the "Mediterranean" Sea, which was the largest body of water known to the people of Bible times. -* The Great \ No newline at end of file +* The Great (Mediterranean) Sea is bordered by : Israel (east), Europe (north and west), and Africa (south). +* This sea was very important in ancient times for trade and travel since it bordered so many countries. Cities and people groups located on the coast of this sea were very prosperous because of how easy it was to access goods from other countries by boat. +* Since the Great Sea was located to the west of Israel, it was sometimes referred to as the "western sea." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/meek/01.md b/bible/other/meek/01.md index 7a5ad498..f377b929 100644 --- a/bible/other/meek/01.md +++ b/bible/other/meek/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# meek +# meek, meekness ## Definition @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ The term "meek" describes a person who is gentle, submissive, and willing to suf * Meekness is often associated with humility. * Jesus describe himself as meek or gentle in heart. -* This term could also be translated as "gentle" or "mild-mannered" or "sweet-tempered." \ No newline at end of file +* This term could also be translated as "gentle" or "mild-mannered" or "sweet-tempered." +* The term "meekness" could be translated as "gentleness" or "humility." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/melchizedek/01.md b/bible/other/melchizedek/01.md index 63640594..d035c4d7 100644 --- a/bible/other/melchizedek/01.md +++ b/bible/other/melchizedek/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,9 @@ ## Facts -During the time when Abram lived, Melchizedek was the king of Salem \ No newline at end of file +During the time when Abram lived, Melchizedek was the king of Salem (later called Jerusalem). He was also called a "priest of God Most High." + +* Melchizedek's name means, "king of righteousness." +* After Abram's victory over an alliance of powerful kings, Melchizedek blessed Abram and served him bread and wine. +* Then Abram gave Melchizedek one-tenth of the plunder from his victory. +* In the New Testament, Jesus is called a priest in the "order of Melchizedek." This may refer to the fact that Jesus is not like the Israelite priests who received their priesthood because they were descended from Levi. Rather, he is our Great High Priest whose priesthood comes directly from God, not from human descent. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/melt/01.md b/bible/other/melt/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aff06be1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/melt/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# melt + +## Facts + +The term "melt" refers to something becoming liquid when it is heated. It is also used in figurative ways. + +* Different kinds of metals are heated until they melt and can be poured into molds in order to make things such as weapons or idols. +* As a candle burns, its wax melts and drips. In ancient times, letters were often sealed by pouring a small amount of melted wax on the edges. +* A figurative use of "melt" means to become soft and weak, like melted wax. +* The idom, "their hearts will melt" means that they will become very weak, usually because of fear. +* Another figurative expression, "they will melt away" means that they will forced to go away or they will shown to be weak and will go away in defeat. +* The literal meaning of "melt" could be translated as "become liquid" or "liquefy" or "cause to become liquid." +* Other ways to translate the figurative meanings of "melt" could include, "become soft" or "become weak" or "be defeated." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/memphis/01.md b/bible/other/memphis/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07ade0d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/memphis/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Memphis + +## Definition + +Memphis was an ancient capital city in Egypt, along the Nile River. + +* Memphis was located in Lower Egypt, at the base of the Nile River delta, where the soil was very fertile and crops were plentiful. +* This important location caused Memphis to become a major city of trade and commerce. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/meshech/01.md b/bible/other/meshech/01.md index a83a19ec..aee8fa43 100644 --- a/bible/other/meshech/01.md +++ b/bible/other/meshech/01.md @@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ Meshech is the name of a son of Noah's son Japheth. A different person named Meshech was a grandson of Noah's son Shem. * As with many names of people, later the Bible mentions a region of land called Meshech. It is probable that this land was named after one of the men with this name. -* Some ways to make it clear that this name refers to different things would be to say \ No newline at end of file +* Some ways to make it clear that this name refers to different things would be to say (in the appropriate context), "the region called Meshech" or "another man named Meshech." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mesopotamia/01.md b/bible/other/mesopotamia/01.md index 32be8d2a..a62573ce 100644 --- a/bible/other/mesopotamia/01.md +++ b/bible/other/mesopotamia/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -# Mesopotamia +# Mesopotamia, Aram Naharaim ## Facts -In Bible times, Mesopotamia was the name of the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Its location includes the modern day country of Iraq. +Mesopotamia is the area of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Its location is in the region of the modern day country of Iraq. -* The word "Mesopotamia" means "between rivers." -* Abraham lived in the Mesopotamian cities of Ur and Haran before moving on toward the land of Canaan. +* In the Old Testament, this region was called "Aram Naharaim." +* The word "Mesopotamia" means "between rivers." The phrase "Aram Naharaim" means "of two rivers." +* Abraham lived in the Mesopotamian cities of Ur and Haran before moving on to the land of Canaan. * Babylon was another important city in Mesopotamia. -* Aram Naharaim was the ancient name used in Judges 3:8 \ No newline at end of file +* The region called "Chaldea" was also part of Mesopotamia. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/micah/01.md b/bible/other/micah/01.md index 25aa942d..f11f1972 100644 --- a/bible/other/micah/01.md +++ b/bible/other/micah/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ ## Facts -Micah was a prophet of Judah during the 8th century BC, when the prophet Isaiah was also ministering to Judah. +Micah was a prophet of Judah around 700 years before Christ, when the prophet Isaiah was also ministering to Judah. -* Micah foresaw the destruction of Samaria by Assyrians. -* Micah was highly critical of the Judean rulers in Jerusalem and warned of the doom of their city. -* His prophecy concludes with a psalm of hope in the God of his salvation. \ No newline at end of file +* The book of Micah is near the end of the Old Testament. +* Micah prophesied about the destruction of Samaria by the Assyrians. +* Micah rebuked the people of Judah for disobeying God and warned them that their enemies would attack them. +* His prophecy ends with a message of hope in God, who is faithful and saves his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/michael/01.md b/bible/other/michael/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4a17c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/michael/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Michael + +## Facts + +Michael is the chief of all God's holy, obedient angels. He is the only angel who is specifically referred to as the "archangel" of God. + +* The term "archangel" literally means "chief angel" or "ruling angel." +* Michael led Israel against the Persians; he will lead the armies of Israel in the final battle against the forces of evil as foretold in Daniel. +* He is also sometimes depicted as an intercessor for the people before God. +* There are also several men in the Bible with this name. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mighty/01.md b/bible/other/mighty/01.md index e5e96050..3b70b3b3 100644 --- a/bible/other/mighty/01.md +++ b/bible/other/mighty/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ * The terms "mighty" and "might" refer to having great strength or power. -* The phrase, "mighty men" often refers to men who are courageous and victorious in battle God is also referred to as the "mighty one." +* The phrase, "mighty men" often refers to men who are courageous and victorious in battle. God is also referred to as the "mighty one." * The phrase, "mighty works" usually refers to the amazing things God does, especially miracles. * This term is related to the term, "almighty," which is a common description for God, meaning that he has complete power. diff --git a/bible/other/mind/01.md b/bible/other/mind/01.md index c89ae8f1..efcf3b84 100644 --- a/bible/other/mind/01.md +++ b/bible/other/mind/01.md @@ -15,4 +15,5 @@ The term "mind" refers to the part of a person that thinks and makes decisions. * The term "mind" could also be translated as "thoughts" or "reasoning" or "thinking." * The idiom, "keep in mind" could be translated as, "remember" or "pay attention to this" or "be sure to know this." -* The phrase, "heart, soul, and mind" could also be translated as, "what you feel, what you believe, and what you think about." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase, "heart, soul, and mind" could also be translated as, "what you feel, what you believe, and what you think about." +* The idiom "call to mind" could be translated as, "remember" or "think about." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/miriam/01.md b/bible/other/miriam/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bc5df2b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/miriam/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Miriam + +## Facts + +Miriam was the older sister of Aaron and Moses. + +* When she was young, Miriam was instructed by her mother to watch over her baby brother Moses who was in a basket among the reeds of the Nile River. When the pharaoh's daughter found the baby and needed someone to take care of him for her, Miriam cleverly brought her mother to do it. +* When the Israelites escaped from the Egyptians and crossed the Red Sea, Miriam led the Israelites in a dance of joy and thanksgiving. +* Years later as the Israelites were wandering in the desert, Miram and Aaron were not happy that Moses had married a Cushite woman and began speaking badly about him. +* Because of her rebellion in speaking against Moses, God caused Miriam to become sick with leprosy. But later God healed her when Moses interceded for her. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mishael/01.md b/bible/other/mishael/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e6e51aa4 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/mishael/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Mishael + +## Facts + +Mishael is the name of three men in the Old Testament. + +* Mishael was one of Aaron's cousins, who along with another man was instructed to dispose of the bodies of two men who had desecrated the altar. +* Another man named Mishael stood beside Ezra when he publicly read the rediscovered law. +* Mishael was one of Daniel's three friends who was exiled to Babylon with him and who was renamed Meshach by the Babylonians. He, along with his companions, Shadrach and Abednego, refused to worship the king's statue and were thrown into a fiery furnace. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mock/01.md b/bible/other/mock/01.md index 2397c5d8..fc2056a6 100644 --- a/bible/other/mock/01.md +++ b/bible/other/mock/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ -# mock, ridicule +# mock, ridicule, scoff at ## Definition -To deride or make fun of someone, especially in a cruel way. +The terms "mock," ridicule," and "scoff at" all refer to making fun of someone, especially in a cruel way. -* Mocking often involves taunting someone and laughing at them. -* To mock someone is to pretend to honor them, but in a way that actually shows contempt for them. -* A person can also mock someone by imitating that person's words or actions with the intent to embarrass them. \ No newline at end of file +* Mocking often involves imitating people's words or actions with the intent to embarrass them or show contempt for them. +* The Roman soldiers mocked or ridiculed Jesus when they put a robe on him and pretended to honor him as king. +* A group of young people ridiculed or scoffed at Elisha when they called him a name, making fun of his bald head. +* The term "scoff at" can also refer to ridiculing an idea that is not considered believable or important. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mounthermon/01.md b/bible/other/mounthermon/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8a7d4a04 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/mounthermon/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Mount Hermon + +## Facts + +Mount Hermon is the name of the tallest mountain in Israel. + +* It is located north of the Sea of Galilee, at the very northern border between Israel and Syria. +* Other names given to Mount Hermon by other people groups were "Mount Sirion" and "Mount Senir." +* Mount Hermon has three major peaks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/mourn/01.md b/bible/other/mourn/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a1b30eef --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/mourn/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# mourn, mourning + +## Facts + +The terms "mourn" and "mourning" refer to expressing deep grief, usually in response to the death of someone. In many cultures, mourning includes specific outward behaviors that show this sadness and grief. + +* The Israelites and other people groups in ancient times expressed mourning through loud wailing and lamenting, much as many present-day societies do. +* Professional mourners were hired to loudly weep and wail, often from the time of death until well after the body is put in the tomb. These mourners were usually women. +* The typical period of mourning was seven days, but could last as long as thirty days (as for Moses and Aaron) or seventy days (as for Jacob). +* The Bible also uses the term figuratively, to talk about "mourning" because of sin. This refers to feeling deeply grieved because of how our sin hurts God, ourselves, and other people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/multiply/01.md b/bible/other/multiply/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a55cd801 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/multiply/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# multiply + +## Definition + +The term "multiply" means to greatly increase in number. + +* God told animals and human beings to "multiply" and fill the earth. This was a command to reproduce many more of their own kind. +* Jesus made the bread and fish multiply in order to feed the 5000 people. The amount of food kept increasing so that there was more than enough food to feed everyone. +* This term could be translated as "greatly increase in number" or "become greater in number" or "become more numerous." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/nation/01.md b/bible/other/nation/01.md index b8f2e0ca..59252fe2 100644 --- a/bible/other/nation/01.md +++ b/bible/other/nation/01.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ A nation is a group of people ruled by some form of government. It often consist * The term "nation" usually includes the idea of a well-defined culture and territorial boundaries. * In the Bible, there were many nations, including the Israelites, the Philistines, the Assyrians, the Babylonians, the Romans, and the Greeks. -* A nation can refer to a country, but not always. It is important to check the context. +* A nation can refer to a country, but not always. Sometimes it is more general and refers to a people group, especially when used in the plural. It is important to check the context. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +14,5 @@ A nation is a group of people ruled by some form of government. It often consist * Depending on the context, the word "nation" could also be translated as, "people group" or "people" or "country." -* If a language has a term for "nation" that is distinct from these other terms, then that term can be used wherever it occurs in the Bible text, as long as it is natural and accurate. \ No newline at end of file +* If a language has a term for "nation" that is distinct from these other terms, then that term can be used wherever it occurs in the Bible text, as long as it is natural and accurate. +* When used in the plural as "nations," this term often can be translated as "people groups." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/nazirite/01.md b/bible/other/nazirite/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3eea801 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/nazirite/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Nazirite, Nazirite vow + +## Facts + +A Nazirite was usually a man who had taken the Nazirite vow. A woman could also take this vow. + +* The Nazirite vow involved refraining from any drink or food made from grapes and not cutting his hair for a certain agreed upon number of days, weeks or months. He was also forbidden to get near a dead body. +* When the required length of time had passed and the vow had been fulfilled, the Nazirite would go to the priest and provide an offering. This would include the cutting and burning of his hair. All other restrictions would also be removed. +* Samson is a well-known man in the Old Testament who was under the Nazirite vow. +* John the Baptist may have been under the Nazirite vow during his lifetime. +* The apostle Paul may also have at one time taken this vow. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/nileriver/01.md b/bible/other/nileriver/01.md index c5edd872..f6efb4cc 100644 --- a/bible/other/nileriver/01.md +++ b/bible/other/nileriver/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ -# Nile River +# Nile River, River of Egypt ## Facts -The Nile is a very big river in northeastern Africa. +The Nile is a very long and wide river in northeastern Africa. It is especially well-known as the main river of Egypt. * The Nile River flows north through Egypt and empties into the Mediterranean Sea. * Crops grow well in its fertile valley. -* Most Egyptians live near the Nile River since it is an important source of water and food crops. \ No newline at end of file +* Most Egyptians live near the Nile River since it is an important source of water and food crops. +* As a baby, Moses was placed in a basket among the reeds of the Nile. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/noble/01.md b/bible/other/noble/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf6dca27 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/noble/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# noble, nobleman + +## Definition + +The term "noble" refers to something that is excellent and of high quality. A "nobleman" is a person who belongs to a higher political or social class. + +* A nobleman was often an officer of the state, a close servant to the king. +* The term "nobleman" could also be translated by, "king's official" or "government officer" or "man of noble birth." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/oath/01.md b/bible/other/oath/01.md index a1b8e7b7..8d66fe65 100644 --- a/bible/other/oath/01.md +++ b/bible/other/oath/01.md @@ -1,14 +1,15 @@ -# oath, swear +# oath, swear, swear by ## Definition -In the Bible, an oath is a formal promise to do something. It can also be an emphatic promise to tell the truth. The term "swear" means to say an oath. +In the Bible, an oath is a formal promise to do something. The person making the oath is required to fulfill that promise. -* Sometimes these two terms are used together as in, "swear an oath." -* Abraham and Abimelech swore an oath, or promise, when they made a covenant together concerning the use of a well. -* Abraham told his servant to swear that he would find Isaac a wife from among Abraham's relatives. +* In the Bible, the term "swear" means to speak an oath. +* The term "swear by" means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. +* Sometimes these terms are used together as in, "swear an oath." +* Abraham and Abimelech swore an oath when they made a covenant together concerning the use of a well. +* Abraham told his servant to swear (formally promise) that he would find Isaac a wife from among Abraham's relatives. * God also made oaths in which he made promises to his people. -* An oath was binding on the one making the oath. * A modern-day use of the word "swear" means to use foul language. This is not its meaning in the Bible. @@ -17,4 +18,6 @@ In the Bible, an oath is a formal promise to do something. It can also be an emp * Depending on the context, "an oath" could also be translated as "a pledge" or "a solemn promise." -* "To swear \ No newline at end of file +* "To swear" could be translated by "to formally promise" or "to pledge" or "to commit to do something." +* Other ways to translate "swear by my name" could include, "make a promise using my name to confirm it." To "swear by heaven and earth" could be translated as, "promise to do something, stating that heaven and earth will confirm it." +* Make sure the translation of "swear" or "oath" does not refer to cursing. In the Bible it does not have that meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/omri/01.md b/bible/other/omri/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e3d86211 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/omri/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Omri + +## Facts + +Omri was an army commander who became the sixth king of Israel. + +* Omri reigned for 12 years in the city of Tirzah. +* Like all the kings of Israel before him, Omri was a very evil king leading the people of Israel into more idol worship. +* Omri was also the father of the evil King Ahab. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/onhigh/01.md b/bible/other/onhigh/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ba2fe8bb --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/onhigh/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# on high, in the highest + +## Definition + +The terms "on high" and "in the highest" are idioms that mean, "in heaven." + +* Another meaning for the idiom "in the highest" could be, "the most honored." +* The phrase, "on high" can also refer to being high in the sky, such as a bird's nest that is on high. In that context it could be translated as, "high in the sky" or "at the top of a tall tree." +* The word "high" also indicates the elevated location or importance of a person or thing. +* The phrase "from on high" could be translated as "from heaven." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/overtake/01.md b/bible/other/overtake/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7203744f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/overtake/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# overtake, overtook + +## Definition + +The term "overtake" gaining control over someone or something. It usually includes the idea of catching up to something after pursuing it. + +* The term "overtook" expresses a past action. +* When military troops "overtake" an enemy, it means they defeat that enemy in battle. +* When a predator overtakes its prey, it means that it pursues and catches its prey. +* If a curse "overtakes" someone, it means that whatever was said in that curse will happen to the person +* Depending on the context, "overtake" could be translated as "conquer" or "capture" or "defeat" or "catch up to." +* The past action, "overtook" could be translated as "conquered" or "defeated" or "caught up to" or "came alongside of." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/pagan/01.md b/bible/other/pagan/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a0c3e7db --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/pagan/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# pagan + +## Definition + +In Bible times, the term "pagan" was used to describe people who worshiped false gods instead of Yahweh. + +* Anything that was associated with these people, such as the altars where they worshiped, the religious rituals they performed, and their beliefs, were also called "pagan." +* Pagan belief systems often included the worship of nature or of many gods instead of the one true God, Yahweh. +* Some pagan religions included sexually immoral rituals or the killing of human beings as part of their worship. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/palace/01.md b/bible/other/palace/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1264a2d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/palace/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# palace + +## Definition + +The term "palace" refers to the building or house where a king lived, along with his family members and servants. + +* The high priest also lived in a palace complex, as mentioned in the New Testament. +* Palaces were very ornate, with beautiful architecture and furnishings. +* The buildings and furnishings of a palace were constructed of stone or wood, and often were overlaid with expensive wood, gold, or ivory. +* Many other people also lived and worked in the palace complex, which usually included several buildings and courtyards. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/peaceoffering/01.md b/bible/other/peaceoffering/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1d0a828d --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/peaceoffering/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# peace offering + +## Facts + +A "peace offering" was one of several sacrificial offerings that God commanded the Israelites to make. It is sometimes called the "thanksgiving offering" or "fellowship offering." + +* This offering involved sacrificing an animal that had no defects, sprinkling the animal's blood on the altar, and burning the animal's fat, as well as the rest of the animal separately. +* Added to this sacrifice was an offering of both unleavened and leavened bread, which was burned on top of the burnt offering. +* The priest and offerer of the sacrifice were permitted to share in eating the food that was offered. +* This offering symbolizes the fellowship of God with his people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/peoplegroup/01.md b/bible/other/peoplegroup/01.md index ef1e5e9c..2388c853 100644 --- a/bible/other/peoplegroup/01.md +++ b/bible/other/peoplegroup/01.md @@ -2,18 +2,17 @@ ## Definition -A "people group" usually refers to people who are descended from the same ancestor and who share a common language and culture, +The term, "people group" usually refers to people who are descended from the same ancestor and who share a common language and culture. -* People groups often live together in a particular land or country. -* A people group may be made up of a single tribe, or of many tribes. -* The term "people group" can sometimes be translated as "nation," but these two terms do not always mean the same thing. Sometimes "nation" means "country" whereas the term "people group" is focused on the people and their culture. -* Sometimes the term "people" is used alone to mean "people group." For example "your people" can mean "your people group" or "your family." +* The members of a people group often live together in a particular land or country. +* A people group may be made up of a single tribe or of many tribes. +* The term "people group" can sometimes be translated as "nation," but these two terms do not always mean the same thing. Sometimes "nation" means "country," whereas the term "people group" is focused on the people and their culture. +* Sometimes the term "people" is used to mean "people group." For example "your people" can mean "your people group" or "your family." ## Translation Suggestions -* Other ways to translate this term could include, "tribal group" or "language group" or "ethnic group." -* This term could also be translated by a word or phrase that means, "large community of related family groups." - *When a person says the phrase, “my people” this could be translated as, “my relatives” or “my countrymen” or “my family” or “my people group,” depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file +* The term "people group" could be translated by a word or phrase that means "large community of related family groups" or "clan" or "ethnic group." +* When a person says the phrase “my people,” this could be translated with a word or phrase that means, “my relatives” or “my fellow Israelites” or “my family” or “my people group,” depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/peor/01.md b/bible/other/peor/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..781f2840 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/peor/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Peor, Mount Peor, Baal Peor + +## Facts + +Peor was the name of a mountain in the region of Moab, east of the Salt Sea. This was also the land where the tribe of Reuben lived. + +* The name "Beth Peor" was another name for the city of Peor. +* "Baal Peor" was a false god of the Moabites that was worshiped at Mount Peor. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/perverse/01.md b/bible/other/perverse/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9a2faddc --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/perverse/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +# perverse, perversely + +## Definition + +The term "perverse" is used to describe a person or action that is morally crooked or twisted. The term "perversely" means "in a perverse manner." + +* Someone or something that is perverse has deviated from what is good and right. +* In the Bible, the Israelites acted perversely when they disobeyed God. They often did this by worshiping false gods. +* Any action which is against God's standards or behavior is considered perverse. +* Ways to translate "perverse" could include, "morally twisted" or "immoral" or "turning away from God's straight path," depending on the context. +* The phrase, "perverse speech" could be translated as, "speaking in an evil way" or "deceitful talk" or "immoral way of talking." +* The phrase, "perverse people" could be described as "crooked people" or "people who are morally deviant" or "people who always disobey God." +* The phrase "acting perversely" could be translated as "behaving in an evil way" or "doing things against God's commands" or "living in a way that rejects God's teachings." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/pharisee/01.md b/bible/other/pharisee/01.md index 7b7e08c3..7db368e6 100644 --- a/bible/other/pharisee/01.md +++ b/bible/other/pharisee/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ The Pharisees were an important group of Israel's religious leaders in Jesus' ti * Of all the Jewish leaders, the Pharisees were the most strict in obeying the Laws of Moses and other Jewish laws and traditions. * They were very concerned about keeping the Jewish people separated from the influence of the Gentiles around them. In fact, the name "Pharisee" comes from the word "to separate." * The Pharisees believed in life after death; they also believed in the existence of angels and other spiritual beings. -* The Pharisees and Sadducees \ No newline at end of file +* The Pharisees and Sadducees (including chief priests) actively opposed Jesus and the early Christians. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/philiptheapostle/01.md b/bible/other/philiptheapostle/01.md index f55ed24b..474c2e68 100644 --- a/bible/other/philiptheapostle/01.md +++ b/bible/other/philiptheapostle/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ Philip, the apostle, was one of the original twelve disciples of Jesus. * Philip was from the town of Bethsaida; he introduced Nathanael to Jesus. * Once Jesus questioned Philip about how to provide food for a crowd of over 5,000 people. * At the last Passover supper that Jesus ate with his disciples, he talked to them about God, his Father. Philip asked Jesus to show them the Father. -* Some languages may prefer to spell this Philip's name in a different way from the other Philip \ No newline at end of file +* Some languages may prefer to spell this Philip's name in a different way from the other Philip (the evangelist) to avoid confusion. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/phinehas/01.md b/bible/other/phinehas/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b97b4af0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/phinehas/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Phinehas + +## Facts + +Phineas was the name of two men in the Old Testament. + +* One of Aaron's grandsons was a priest named Phinehas, who strongly opposed the worship of false gods in Israel. +* Phineas saved the Israelites from a plague that Yahweh had sent to punish them for marrying Midianite women and worshiping their false gods. +* On several occasions Phinehas went with the Israelite army to destroy the Midianites. +* The other Phinehas mentioned in the Old Testament was one of the evil sons of Eli the priest during the time of the prophet Samuel. +* Phinehas and his brother Hophni were both killed when the Philistines attacked Israel and stole the Ark of the Covenant. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/pierce/01.md b/bible/other/pierce/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2bbd89ce --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/pierce/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# pierce + +## Definition + +The term "pierce" means to stab something with a sharp, pointed object. It is also used figuratively to refer to causing someone deep emotional pain. + +* A soldier pierced Jesus' side when he was hanging on the cross. +* In Bible times a slave who was set free would have his ear pierced as a sign that he was choosing to stay with his master and continue working for him. +* Simeon told Mary that a sword would pierce her heart, meaning that she would experience deep grief because of what would happen to her son Jesus. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/pillar/01.md b/bible/other/pillar/01.md index ae9b946d..86e95113 100644 --- a/bible/other/pillar/01.md +++ b/bible/other/pillar/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ ## Definition -The term "pillar" refers to a large vertical structure that is used to hold up a roof or other part of a building. +The term "pillar" refers to a large vertical structure that is used to hold up a roof or other part of a building. Another word for "pillar" is "column." * When Samson in the Old Testament was captured by the Philistines, he destroyed their pagan temple by pushing the supporting pillars and causing the structure to collapse. * Sometimes a pillar was used as a memorial to mark a grave or to mark the place where an important event happened. * In Bible times, pillars used as support in buildings were normally carved from a single piece of stone. -* Often a memorial pillar was simply a large stone set up on its end. -* A "pillar" can also refer to something shaped like a pillar, such as the "pillar of fire" that led the Israelites at night through the desert or the pillar of salt that Lot's wife became after she looked back at the city. \ No newline at end of file +* Often a memorial pillar was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end. +* Sometimes the term "pillar" refers to an idol that was made to worship a false god. It is another name for a "carved image" and could be translated as "statue." +* A "pillar" can also refer to something shaped like a pillar, such as the "pillar of fire" that led the Israelites at night through the desert or the "pillar of salt" that Lot's wife became after she looked back at the city. +* Depending on the context, this term could also be translated as, "statue" or "stone support beam" or "monument." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/plead/01.md b/bible/other/plead/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d7101e61 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/plead/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# plead, pleading, plea + +## Facts + +The terms "plead" and "pleading" refer to urgently asking someone to do something. The term "plea" refers to the urgent request. + +* Pleading often implies that the person feels in very great need or strongly desires God to do something to help someone. +* The subjects of a king or ruler may plead their cause in order to obtain mercy. +* Sometimes a a judge of someone will plead the case of someone to try to prove them innocent. +* Other ways to translate this could include "beg" or "implore" or "ask." +* The term "plea" could also be translated as "urgent request" or "strong urging." +* Make sure it is clear in the context that this term does not refer to begging for money. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/plow/01.md b/bible/other/plow/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1f387658 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/plow/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# plow + +## Definition + +A "plow" is a farm tool that is used for breaking up soil to prepare a field for planting. + +* Plows have sharp, pointed prongs that dig into the soil. They usually have handles that the farmer uses to guide the plow. +* In Bible times, plows were usually pulled by a pair of oxen, or other work animals. +* Most plows were made of hard wood, except for the sharp points which were made of a metal such as bronze or iron. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/pomegranate/01.md b/bible/other/pomegranate/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f49fed96 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/pomegranate/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# pomegranate + +## Facts + +A pomegranate is a kind of fruit that has a thick, tough skin filled with many seeds that are covered with edible red pulp. + +* The outer rind is reddish in color and the pulp surrounding the seeds is shiny and red. +* Pomegranates are very commonly grown in Egypt and other countries with a hot, dry climate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/precious/01.md b/bible/other/precious/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c903e25b --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/precious/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# precious + +## Facts + +The term, "precious" describes people or things that are regarded as very valuable, rare, or expensive. + +* The term "precious stones" or "precious jewels" refers to rocks and minerals that are colorful or have other qualities that make them beautiful. +* Examples of precious stones include diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. +* Gold and silver are called "precious metals." +* Yahweh says that his people are "precious" in his sight (Isaiah 43:4). +* Peter wrote that a gentle and quiet spirit is precious in God's sight (1 Peter 3:4). +* This term could also be translated as, "valuable" or "very dear" or "cherished" or "highly valued." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/prey/01.md b/bible/other/prey/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b48b590 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/prey/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# prey, to prey on + +## Definition + +The term "prey" refers to something that is hunted, usually an animal that is used for food. + +* In a figurative sense, "prey" can refer to a person who is taken advantage of, abused, or oppressed by a more powerful person. +* To "prey on" people means to take advantage of them by oppressing them or stealing something from them. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/prince/01.md b/bible/other/prince/01.md index 074cb3c9..89add782 100644 --- a/bible/other/prince/01.md +++ b/bible/other/prince/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,20 @@ -# prince +# prince, princess ## Definition -A prince is the son of a king. However, this word is often a general reference to a leader, ruler or other powerful person. +A "prince" is the son of a king. This term also used figuratively to refer to other kinds of leaders. A "princess" is a daughter of a king. -* Jesus is called the Prince of Peace and the Prince of Life. -* In Acts 2:36, Jesus is referred to "Lord and Christ" and in Acts 5:31 he is referred to as "Prince and Savior"; this indicates that in this context "Prince" is a synonym for "Lord." -* In Scripture, "prince" can refer to Satan or some other evil spiritual being, such as the prince of Persia who resisted the archangel Michael in bringing God's message to Daniel. -* Some possible ways to translate this term would be, "ruler, leader, chieftain, official or captain." \ No newline at end of file +* The term "prince" is often used as a general reference to a leader, ruler or other powerful person. +* Because of Abraham's wealth and importance, he was referred to as a "prince" by the Hittites he was living among. +* Jesus is called the "Prince of Peace" and the "Prince of Life." +* In Acts 2:36, Jesus is referred to as "Lord and Christ" and in Acts 5:31 he is referred to as "Prince and Savior," showing the parallel meaning of "Lord" and "Prince." +* In the book of Daniel, the term "prince" is in used in the expressions "prince of Persia" and "prince of Greece," which may refer to evil spirits who had authority or power over those regions. +* The archangel Michael is also referred to as a "prince" in the book of Daniel. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* Depending on the context, possible ways to translate this term could include, "king's son," or "ruler," or "leader" or "chieftain" or "captain." +* When referring to angels or evil spirits, this could also be translated as, "spirit ruler" or "angel" or "evil spirit ruler" or "powerful spirit lord," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/profane/01.md b/bible/other/profane/01.md index cd0927df..1ed7381c 100644 --- a/bible/other/profane/01.md +++ b/bible/other/profane/01.md @@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ To profane something means to act in a way that defiles, pollutes, or disrespect * The holy thing or person does not become unholy; rather it is treated in a way that is irreverent and unholy. * A profane person is one who acts in a way that is unholy and dishonoring of God. -* The verb "to profane" could be translated as "to treat as unholy", "to be irreverent toward", or "to dishonor God \ No newline at end of file +* The verb "to profane" could be translated as "to treat as unholy", "to be irreverent toward", or "to dishonor God (by sinning)." +* Depending on the context, the word "profane" as an adjective could be translated as "irreverent" or "godless" or "unholy." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/prosper/01.md b/bible/other/prosper/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..952fbe2b --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/prosper/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# prosper, prosperity, prosperous + +## Definition + +To "prosper" means for a person or group of people to become successful in their lives. This success can be physical or spiritual. "Prosperity" is a state of wealth and well-being. + +* When people are doing well in life with health or wealth, they are said to be prospering. +* The term "prosperous" often refers to success in owning money and property. +* In the Bible, the term "prosperous" also includes good health and being blessed with children. +* A "prosperous" city or country is one that has many people, good production of food, and good trading and other businesses that bring in a lot of money. +* The Bible teaches that a person will prosper spiritually when he obeys God's teachings. He will also experience the blessings of joy and peace. God does not always give people a lot of material wealth, but he will always prosper them spiritually as they follow his ways. +* Depending on the context, the term "prosper" could also be translated as "succeed spiritually" or "be blessed by God" or "experience good things" or "do well." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/prostitute/01.md b/bible/other/prostitute/01.md index c838393b..caea003a 100644 --- a/bible/other/prostitute/01.md +++ b/bible/other/prostitute/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -# prostitute, harlot, whore +# prostitute, harlot ## Definition -A prostitute, or harlot, is a person who performs sexual acts for money or for religious rites. +The terms "prostitute" and "harlot" both refer to a person who performs sexual acts for money or for religious rites. Prostitutes or harlots were usually female, but some were male. -* Prostitutes are usually female. -* In ancient times, some pagan temples used prostitutes as part of their rituals. -* In the Bible, God sometimes uses the word “prostitute” to figuratively refer to a person who worships false gods or who practices witchcraft. \ No newline at end of file +* The idiom "play the harlot" means to act like a harlot by being sexually immoral. +* In the Bible, God sometimes uses the word “prostitute” to figuratively refer to a person who worships false gods or who practices witchcraft. +* To "prostitute oneself" to something means to be sexually immoral or when used figuratively, to be unfaithful to God by worshiping false gods. +* In ancient times, some pagan temples used male and female prostitutes as part of their rituals. +* This term could be translated by the word or phrase that is used in the project language to refer to this kind of person. Some languages may have a euphemistic term that is used for this. (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_euphemism]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/prostrate/01.md b/bible/other/prostrate/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0e1ab9f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/prostrate/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# prostrate + +## Definition + +The term "prostrate" means to be lying face down stretched out on the ground. means to suddenly bow down very low + +* To "fall prostrate" or to "prostrate oneself" before someone means to suddenly bow down very low or to lie face down in front of that person. +* Usually this position of being prostrate is a response that shows shock, amazement, and awe because of something miraculous that happened. It also shows honor and respect for the person being bowed to. +* Being prostrate also was a way to worship God. People often responded this way to Jesus in thanksgiving and worship when he did a miracle or to honor him as a great teacher. +* Depending on the context, ways to translate "prostrated" could include, "bowed down low with the face to the ground" or "worshiped him by lying face down in front of him" or "bowed down low to the ground in amazement" or "worshiped." +* The phrase, "will not prostrate ourselves" coudl be translated as, "will not worship" or "will not lie face down in worship" or "will not bow down and worship." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/province/01.md b/bible/other/province/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..86d9d40f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/province/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# province, provincial + +## Facts + +A province is a district or division of a nation. Something that is related to that province is described as "provincial." + +* In the Old Testament provinces were the divisions of Israel under King Ahab and during the time of Esther. +* In the New Testament, the Roman Empire was divided into provinces among which were Macedonia, Cyprus, Asia, Syria, Egypt, and Galatia. +* Each province had its own ruling authority, who was subject to the king or ruler of the nation. +* These terms could also be translated as "region" and "regional." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/prudent/01.md b/bible/other/prudent/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..137e48a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/prudent/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# prudent + +## Facts + +The term "prudent" describes a person who thinks carefully about his actions and makes wise decisions. + +* Often prudence has to do with wisdom in physical matters, such as in managing money or property. +* By saving money or goods a person is being prudent. +* Although similar in meaning to "prudence," the term "wisdom" is more general and often focuses on spiritual or moral matters. +* Depending on the context, this could also be translated as, "shrewd" or "careful" or "wise." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/punish/01.md b/bible/other/punish/01.md index 0393f563..f5014076 100644 --- a/bible/other/punish/01.md +++ b/bible/other/punish/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -To punish someone is to cause that person to suffer a negative consequence for doing something wrong. +The term "punish" means to cause someone to suffer a negative consequence for doing something wrong. * God punished the Israelites when they disobeyed him, especially when they worshiped false gods. -* Sometimes punishment is intended to motivate a person to stop sinning, as when God punished the Israelites. -* Jesus was punished for all the evil things that every person has ever done. He received each person's punishment on himself even though he did nothing wrong and did not deserve that punishment. \ No newline at end of file +* Often punishment is intended to motivate a person to stop sinning, as when God punished the Israelites. +* Jesus was punished for all the evil things that every person has ever done. He received each person's punishment on himself even though he did nothing wrong and did not deserve that punishment. +* The idioms "go unpunished" and "leave unpunished" refers to when a decision is made to not punish people for their wrongdoing. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/purple/01.md b/bible/other/purple/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..491f9d0c --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/purple/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# purple + +## Facts + +The term "purple" is the name of a color that is a mixture of blue and red. Because it was costly and time-consuming to produce this dye, purple clothing was considered a sign of wealth, distinction, and royalty. + +* In ancient times, purple was a rare and highly valuable color of dye that was used to dye the clothing of kings and other high officials. +* Purple dye was extracted from a kind of sea snail. The dye was extracted by forcing the crushing the snails or causing them to release the dye while they were alive. This was an expensive process. +* Roman soldiers put a purple royal robe on Jesus before his crucifixion, to mock him for his claim to be King of the Jews. +* Lydia from the town of Philippi was a woman who made her living by selling purple cloth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/push/01.md b/bible/other/push/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71b5f7e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/push/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# push + +## Definition + +The term "push" literally means to move something away using force. There are also several figurative meanings of this term. + +* The phrase "push away" can mean "reject" or "refuse to help." +* To "push down" can mean to "oppress" or "persecute" or "defeat." +* To "push someone out" means to "get rid of" or "send away." +* The idiom "push ahead" means to continue doing something without really making sure it is right or safe. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/rage/01.md b/bible/other/rage/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd7c0ae7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/rage/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# rage + +## Facts + +Rage is anger which is out of control. When someone rages, it means that person is expressing anger in a destructive way. + +* Rage happens when the emotion of anger overrides self control. +* Under the control of rage, people commit acts and say things which are destructive. +* The term "to rage" can also refer to powerful movements such as a storm "raging" or the waves of the sea that "rage." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ramoth/01.md b/bible/other/ramoth/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f7561c5f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/ramoth/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Ramoth + +## Facts + +Ramoth was an important city in the mountains of Gilead. It was also called Ramoth Gilead. + +* Ramoth belonged to the Israelite tribe of Gad and was designated as a city of refuge. +* King Ahab of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah waged war against the king of Aram at Ramoth. Ahab was killed in that battle. +* Later King Ahaziah and King Joram tried to take the city of Ramoth from the king of Aram but Joram was wounded. Both were killed by Jehu who then was anointed king of Israel at Ramoth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/reed/01.md b/bible/other/reed/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6aab6297 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/reed/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# reed, reeds + +## Facts + +The term "reed" refers to a plant with a long stalk that grows in the water, usually along the edge of a river or stream. + +* The reeds in the Nile River where Moses was hidden as a baby were also called "bulrushes." They were tall, hollow stalks growing in dense clumps in the river water. +* These fibrous plants were used in ancient Egypt for making paper, baskets, and boats. +* The stalk of the reed plant is flexible and is easily bent over by the wind. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/reject/01.md b/bible/other/reject/01.md index cff7d7fe..9dd6e234 100644 --- a/bible/other/reject/01.md +++ b/bible/other/reject/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,19 @@ -# reject, push away +# reject ## Definition -To "push away" or "reject" someone means to refuse to accept that person. To reject God means to refuse to obey him. +To "reject" someone or something means to refuse to accept that person or thing. To reject God means to refuse to obey him. * The term "reject" can also mean to "refuse to believe in" something. -* When the Israelites rejected Moses' leadership, they were actually rejecting God; they showed this through their idol worship and other sins. -* The term "push away" is the literal meaning of this Greek word. Other languages may have a similar idiom that means to reject or refuse to believe someone or something. \ No newline at end of file +* When the Israelites rejected Moses' leadership, they were actually rejecting God. +* Worshiping false gods was a major way the Israelites showed that they were rejecting God. +* The term "push away" is the literal meaning of this Greek word. Other languages may have a similar idiom that means to reject or refuse to believe someone or something. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* Depending on the context, the term "reject could also be translated by, "not accept" or "stop helping" or "refuse to obey " or "stop obeying." +* The "stone that the builders rejected" could be translated as, "the stone they refused to use" or "the stone they refused to accept." +* In the context of the people rejecting God's commandments, this could be translated as "refused to obey" his commands or "stubbornly chose to not accept" God's laws. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/renown/01.md b/bible/other/renown/01.md index e89ca240..9b71c240 100644 --- a/bible/other/renown/01.md +++ b/bible/other/renown/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,20 @@ -# renown +# renown, renowned ## Definition -The term "renown" means "legendary fame." It refers to being well-known and having a praiseworthy reputation that has been passed down from one generation to another. +The term "renown" refers to being well-known and having a praiseworthy reputation. -* This could be translated as "fame" or "esteemed reputation." -* A "renowned" person is someone who is "well-known and highly esteemed." -* Other translation suggestions: -* "May the Lord's name be renowned in Israel" could be translated as, "May the Lord's name be well-known and honored by the people of Israel." -* "traders who are renowned in the earth" could be translated as, "traders who are well-known throughout the world for being prosperous." -* "a land renowned for its crops" could be translated as, "a land that is well-known for the large amounts of crops it produces." \ No newline at end of file +* "Renown" especially refers to a good reputation that is widely known over a long period of time. +* A "renowned" person is someone who is well-known and highly esteemed. +* A city that is "renowned" is often well-known for its wealth and prosperity. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* The term "renown" could be translated as, "fame" or "esteemed reputation" or " +* The term "renowned" could also be translated as "well-known and highly esteemed" or "having an excellent reputation." +* The expression, "May the Lord's name be renowned in Israel" could be translated as, "May the Lord's name be well-known and honored by the people of Israel." +* The phrase, "men of renown" could be translated as, "men well-known for their courage" or "famous warriors" or "highly esteemed men." +* The expression "your renown endures through all generations" could be translated as "throughout the years people will hear about how great you are" or "your greatness is seen and heard by people in every generation." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/rimmon/01.md b/bible/other/rimmon/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c862c689 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/rimmon/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Rimmon + +## Facts + +Rimmon is the name of a man and also of several Biblical locations. It is also the name of a false god. It means "pomegranate." + +* A man named Rimmon was a Benjamite from the city of Beeroth in Zebulun. This man's sons murdered Ishbosheth, the crippled son of Jonathan. +* Rimmon was a town in the southern part of Judah. The Rock of Rimmon was a place of safety where the Benjamites went to escape from being killed. +* Rimmon-Parez was an unknown location in the Judean wilderness. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ruin/01.md b/bible/other/ruin/01.md index ceb11e6e..f84661e0 100644 --- a/bible/other/ruin/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ruin/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ To "ruin" something means to spoil, destroy, or cause to be useless. The term "ruin" or "ruins" refers to the rubble and spoiled remains of something that has been destroyed. -* The prophet Zephaniah spoke about the day of God's wrath as a "day of ruin" when the world will be judged. +* The prophet Zephaniah spoke about the day of God's wrath as a "day of ruin" when the world will be judged and punished. * The book of Proverbs says that ruin and destruction await those who are ungodly. -* Depending on the context, "ruin" could be translated as "destroy" or "spoil" or "make useless." -* The term "ruins" could be translated as "rubble" or "broken-down building." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, "to ruin" could be translated as "to destroy" or "to spoil" or "to make useless" or "to break." +* The term "ruin" or "ruins" could be translated as "rubble" or "broken-down buildings" or "destroyed city" or "devastation" or "brokenness" or "destruction," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/ruler/01.md b/bible/other/ruler/01.md index d1ea8a2f..49712cc3 100644 --- a/bible/other/ruler/01.md +++ b/bible/other/ruler/01.md @@ -1,11 +1,12 @@ -# ruler, rulers +# ruler, rulers, rule ## Definition -A ruler is a general term for someone who has dominion or authority over other people, such as a leader of a country, kingdom, or religious group. +A ruler is a general term for someone who has authority over other people, such as a leader of a country, kingdom, or religious group. * In the Old Testament, a king was often referred to with the term "ruler" as in the phrase, "appointed him ruler over Israel." * God is referred to as the ultimate ruler, who rules over all other rulers. * In the New Testament, the leader of a synagogue was called a "ruler." * A type of government ruler in the New Testament was a "governor." -* Depending on the context, "ruler" could be translated as "leader" or "person who has authority over." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, "ruler" could be translated as "leader" or "person who has authority over." +* The action "to rule" means to "lead" to "have authority over." It is often a synonym for "reign" when it is talking about a king ruling. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/saltsea/01.md b/bible/other/saltsea/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3678b5a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/saltsea/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Salt Sea, Dead Sea + +## Facts + +The Salt Sea (also called the Dead Sea) was located between southern Israel on the west and Moab on the east. + +* The Jordan River flows south into the Salt Sea. +* Because it is smaller than most seas, this could be called "Salt Lake." +* This sea has a high concentration of minerals (or "salts") which means that nothing can live in its waters. That is where the name "Dead Sea" comes from. +* In the Old Testament, this sea is also called the "Sea of Arabah" and the "Sea of Negev" because of its locations near the regions of Arabah and Negev. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/samaria/01.md b/bible/other/samaria/01.md index 100147f4..516100d8 100644 --- a/bible/other/samaria/01.md +++ b/bible/other/samaria/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ ## Facts -Samaria was a region in the northern part of Israel. +Samaria was the name of a city and its surrounding region in the northern part of Israel. The region was located between the Plain of Sharon on the west and the Jordan River on the east. -* When the Assyrians conquered the kingdom of Israel, they took most of the people away to Assyria and brought foreigners to Israel to live in that area. -* Some of the Israelites married the foreigners, and their descendants were called Samaritans. -* The Samaritans worshiped other gods besides Yahweh. -* The Jews and the Samaritans hated each other. -* When the kingdom of Israel divided into the Northern and the Southern kingdoms Samaria became the capital city of the Northern kingdom. \ No newline at end of file +* In the Old Testament, Samaria was the capital city of the northern kingdom of Israel. Later the region surrounding it was also called Samaria. +* When the Assyrians conquered the northern kingdom of Israel, they captured the city of Samaria and forced most of the northern Israelites to leave the region and moved them far away to different cities in Assyria. +* The Assyrians also brought many foreigners into the region of Samaria to replace the Israelites who had been moved. +* Some of the Israelites who remained in that region married the foreigners who had moved there, and their descendants were called Samaritans. +* The Jews looked down on the Samaritans because they were only partly Jewish and because they had worshiped pagan gods. +* In New Testament times, the region of Samaria was bordered by the region of Galilee on the north and the region of Judea on the south. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sandal/01.md b/bible/other/sandal/01.md index 6a8e5165..04f55a57 100644 --- a/bible/other/sandal/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sandal/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ A sandal is a simple shoe held onto the foot with straps around the instep or ankles; they are worn by both men and women. -* A sandal was sometimes used to confirm a legal transaction, such as the selling of property \ No newline at end of file +* A sandal was sometimes used to confirm a legal transaction, such as the selling of property (Ruth 4:7) by one man taking off a sandal and giving it to the other. +* Removing one's shoes or sandals was a sign of respect and reverence, especially in God's presence. +* John said that he was not worthy to even untie Jesus' sandals, which would have been the task of a lowly servant or slave. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/scepter/01.md b/bible/other/scepter/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cd03b7d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/scepter/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# scepter + +## Definition + +The term "scepter" refers to an ornamental rod or staff held by a ruler, such as a king. + +* Scepters were originally a branch of wood with carved decorations. Later scepters were also made of precious metals such as gold. +* The scepter was a symbol of royalty and authority which sympolized the honor and dignity associated with a king. +* In the Old Testament, God's is described as having a scepter of righteousness. +* An Old Testament prophecy refers to the Christ as a symbolic scepter that would come from Israel to rule over all nations. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/seacow/01.md b/bible/other/seacow/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..22999a90 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/seacow/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# sea cow + +## Definition + +The term "sea cow" refers to a large sea animal that eats sea grass and other vegetation on the ocean floor. + +* This animal is grey with thick skin. It moves in the water using its flippers. +* The skins or hides of the sea cow were used by people in Bible times for making tents. These animal hides were used in the coverings for the tabernacle. +* It was nicknamed the "sea cow" because it eats grass like a cow does, but they are not similar in other ways. +* Related animals are the "dugong" and the "manatee." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/seek/01.md b/bible/other/seek/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dd154450 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/seek/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# seek, sought + +## Definition + +The term "seek" means to look for something or someone. The past tense is "sought." It can also mean "try hard" or "make an effort" to do something. + +* To "seek" or "look for" an opportunity means to "try to find a time" to do a particular thing +* To "seek Yahweh" means to "spend time and energy getting to know Yahweh and learning to obey him." +* To "seek protection" means to "try to find a person or place that will protect you from danger." +* To "seek justice" means to "make an effort to see that people are treated justly or fairly." +* to "seek the truth" means to "make an effort to find out what the truth is." +* To "seek favor" means to "try to get favor" or "to do things to cause someone to help you." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/seize/01.md b/bible/other/seize/01.md index 73d5f26a..365530b7 100644 --- a/bible/other/seize/01.md +++ b/bible/other/seize/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ ## Definition -The term "seize" means to take or capture someone or something by force. +The term "seize" means to take or capture someone or something by force. It can also mean to overpower and control someone. * When a city was taken by means of military force, the soldiers would seize the valuable property of the people they had conquered. -* When used figuratively a person can be described as being "seized with fear." This means that the person was suddenly overcome with fear. It could also be translated as, "suddenly became very afraid." \ No newline at end of file +* When used figuratively, a person can be described as being "seized with fear." This means that the person was suddenly overcome with fear. It could also be translated as, "suddenly became very afraid." +* In the context of labor pains that "seize" a woman, the meaning is that the pains are sudden and overpowering. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/selah/01.md b/bible/other/selah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e96515f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/selah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# selah + +## Definition + +The term "selah" is a Hebrew word that occurs mostly in the book of Psalms. It has several possible meanings. + +* It could mean "pause and praise" which would invite the audience to think carefully about what was just said. +* Since many of the Psalms were written as songs, it is thought that "selah" may have been a musical term to instruct the singer to pause in his singing to allow for the musical instruments to play alone or to encourage listeners to think about the words of the song. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sennacherib/01.md b/bible/other/sennacherib/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ae545894 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/sennacherib/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Sennacherib + +## Facts + +Sennacherib was a powerful king of Assyria who caused Nineveh to become a rich, important city. + +* King Sennacherib is known for his wars against Babylon and the kingdom of Judah. +* He was a very arrogant king and he ridiculed Yahweh. +* Sennacherib attacked Jerusalem during the time of King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah. +* Yahweh caused Sennacherib's army to be destroyed. +* The Old Testament books of Kings and Chronicles record some of the events of his reign. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/servant/01.md b/bible/other/servant/01.md index 63ba64fe..5b23cb07 100644 --- a/bible/other/servant/01.md +++ b/bible/other/servant/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ A servant is a person who works for another person, either by choice or by force. The word for "slave" can also mean "servant." The surrounding text usually makes it clear which word fits better in that context. -* Some servants or slaves are an important part of their master's household and are treated almost like members of the family. In the Old Testament, a person could choose to become a lifetime servant or slave to his master. -* A slave is a kind of servant who is the property of the person he works for. Just as people buy clothing and animals, in some parts of the world, people buy people. The person who buys a slave is called his "owner" or "master." Some masters treat their slaves very cruelly while other masters treat their slaves very well. -* In biblical times, some people willingly put themselves into a form of slavery for the purpose of paying back debts. -* People who obey God through faith in Christ are often called His "servants." Christians are also called "slaves to righteousness." \ No newline at end of file +* In Bible times, servants or slaves were an important part of their master's household and many were treated almost like members of the family. In the Old Testament, a person could choose to become a lifetime servant to his master. +* A slave is a kind of servant who is the property of the person he works for. The person who buys a slave is called his "owner" or "master." Some masters treat their slaves very cruelly, while other masters treat their slaves very well. +* In ancient times, some people willingly became slaves to a person they owed money to in order to pay off their debt to that person. +* Sometimes in the Bible the phrase "I am your servant" is used as a sign of respect and service. +* In the Old Testament, God's prophets and other people who worshiped God are often referred to as his "servants." +* In the New Testament, people who obey God through faith in Christ are often called his "servants." Christians are also called "slaves to righteousness" which is a metaphor that compares the commitment to obey God to a slave's commitment to obeying his master. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/serve/01.md b/bible/other/serve/01.md index 935ac1c0..a4849441 100644 --- a/bible/other/serve/01.md +++ b/bible/other/serve/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# serve +# serve, service ## Definition diff --git a/bible/other/sex/01.md b/bible/other/sex/01.md index f29b9614..a37078ad 100644 --- a/bible/other/sex/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sex/01.md @@ -2,11 +2,18 @@ ## Definition -In the Bible, these terms are euphemisms that refer to having sexual intercourse. +In the Bible, these terms are euphemisms that refer to having sexual intercourse. (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_euphemism]]) + +* In Genesis, the original language text says that Adam "knew" Eve and she conceived children. This expression ("know" or "knew") is usually used for a husband with his wife, so the ULB has translated it as "have marital relations with." +* Some English versions translate this with other euphemistic expressions such as, "make love to" or "be intimate with." +* Different expressions are used in the ULB to refer to sexual relations outside of marriage, such as: "lie with" or "sleep with" or "have sex with" or "have relations with." +* In the Old Testament book, "Song of Solomon," the ULB uses the term "lovemaking" to translate the word "love," which in that context refers to sexual relations. This is related to the expression, "make love to." + ## Translation Suggestions * Some languages may use different expressions of this term in different contexts, depending on whether it is talking about a husband and wife or whether it is about some other relationship. It is important to make sure that the translation of this term has the correct meaning in each context. -* Depending on the context, expressions like these may be used: "sleep with" or "lie with" or "make love to" or "be intimate with." \ No newline at end of file +* Depending on the context, expressions like these may be used: "sleep with" or "lie with" or "make love to" or "be intimate with." +* It is important to check that the terms used to translate this concept are acceptable to the people who will be using the Bible translation. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sheba/01.md b/bible/other/sheba/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b67ac643 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/sheba/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Sheba + +## Facts + +In ancient times, Sheba was a civilization or region that was located somewhere in southern Arabia. + +* Sheba existed near what is now present-day Yemen or Ethiopia, from 1200 B.C. to 275 A.D. +* Its inhabitants were probably descendants of Ham. +* The Queen of Sheba came to visit King Solomon when she heard the fame of his riches and wisdom. +* There are also several men named "Sheba" in the Old Testament. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sheep/01.md b/bible/other/sheep/01.md index 45d7d306..02b7ef2e 100644 --- a/bible/other/sheep/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sheep/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -A sheep is a medium-sized animal with four legs that has wool all over its body. The male sheep is called a ram. A young sheep is called a lamb. +A sheep is a medium-sized animal with four legs that has wool all over its body. The male sheep is called a ram. The female sheep is called a ewe. -* The Israelites often used rams and lambs for sacrifices. +* The Israelites often used sheep for sacrifices, especially males and young sheep. * People eat meat from sheep and use their wool to make clothing and other things. * Sheep are very trusting, weak, and timid. They are easily influenced to wander away. They need a shepherd to lead them in the right direction, to protect them, and to provide them with food, water, and shelter. * In the Bible, people are compared to sheep who have God as their shepherd. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/shepherd/01.md b/bible/other/shepherd/01.md index 9c63e79b..e2622daa 100644 --- a/bible/other/shepherd/01.md +++ b/bible/other/shepherd/01.md @@ -2,20 +2,21 @@ ## Definition -A shepherd is a person who takes care of sheep. The verb "to shepherd" means to tend or care for sheep. This term is often used metaphorically in the Bible to refer to taking care of people's needs, both physically and spiritually. +A shepherd is a person who takes care of sheep. The verb "to shepherd" means to tend or care for sheep. -* The shepherd may be the owner of the sheep, or he may be someone who is hired by their owner. -* In Bible times, shepherds often tended the sheep outdoors, leading them to places with good food and water. Shepherds also keep the sheep from getting lost and protect them from wild animals. -* In the Old Testament, God is called the shepherd of his people because he takes care of all their needs and protects them. -* In the New Testament, Jesus calls himself the "good shepherd" who cares for those who follow him. -* Also in the New Testament, the term "shepherd" is used to refer to a spiritual leader over other believers. -* The term "pastor" is the same word as "shepherd." +* Shepherds watch over the sheep, leading them to places with good food and water. Shepherds also keep the sheep from getting lost and protect them from wild animals. +* This term is often used metaphorically in the Bible to refer to taking care of people's spiritual needs. This includes teaching them what God has told them in the Bible and guiding them in the way they should live. +* In the Old Testament, God is called the "shepherd" of his people because he takes care of all their needs and protects them. He also leads and guides them. +* Moses was a shepherd for the Israelites as he guided them spiritually in their worship of Yahweh and led them physically on their journey to the land of Canaan. +* In the New Testament, Jesus calls himself the "good shepherd." +* Also in the New Testament, the term "shepherd" is used to refer to a person who is a spiritual leader over other believers. The term "pastor" is the same word as "shepherd." The elders and overseers were also called shepherds. ## Translation Suggestions -* This term could be translated as, "person who takes care of sheep" or "sheep tender" or "sheep caregiver." -* When used as a metaphor, different ways to translate this term could include, "spiritual shepherd" or "who is like a shepherd" or "who cares for his people like a shepherd cares for his sheep," depending on the context. -* Ways to translate the verb, "to shepherd" \ No newline at end of file +* When used literally, this term could be translated as, "person who takes care of sheep" or "sheep tender" or "sheep caregiver." +* When used as a metaphor, different ways to translate this term could include, "spiritual shepherd" or "spiritual leader" or "one who is like a shepherd" or "one who cares for his people like a shepherd cares for his sheep" or "one who leads his people like a shepherd guides his sheep" or "one who takes care of God's sheep." +* In some contexts, "shepherd" could be translated as "leader" or "guide" or "caregiver." +* The expression, "to shepherd \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/shimei/01.md b/bible/other/shimei/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cb7801bc --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/shimei/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Shimei + +## Definition + +Several men in the Old Testament are named Shimei. + +* Shimei son of Gera, was a Benjamite who cursed King David and threw stones at him as he was fleeing from Jerusalem and his son Absalom. +* Several of the men named Shimei in the Old Testament served as Levite priests. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sidon/01.md b/bible/other/sidon/01.md index c45f4c4a..af156385 100644 --- a/bible/other/sidon/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sidon/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,9 @@ -# Sidon +# Sidon, Sidonians ## Facts -Sidon is an ancient city in the land of Canaan, located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in a region that is now part of the country of Lebanon. +Sidon was the oldest son of Canaan. There is also a Canaanite city called Sidon. -* The modern city of Sidon is located north of Tyre and south of Beirut. -* Sidon was named after the firstborn son of Canaan, who was a great-grandson of Noah. -* Ancient Sidon was located outside of Israel, and its inhabitants were mostly Gentiles. -* In the Bible, Sidon is closely associated with the city of Tyre, and both cities were known for their wealth and the immoral lifestyles of their people. \ No newline at end of file +* The city of Sidon is located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in a region that is now part of the present-day country of Lebanon. +* The "Sidonians" were a people group who lived in ancient Sidon and the region surrounding it. These people were Gentiles. +* In the Bible, Sidon is closely associated with the city of Tyre, and both cities were known for their wealth and the immoral behavior of their people. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/simeon/01.md b/bible/other/simeon/01.md index f8c37774..07f61b03 100644 --- a/bible/other/simeon/01.md +++ b/bible/other/simeon/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,7 @@ In the Bible, there are several men named Simeon. -* In the Old Testament, the second son of Jacob \ No newline at end of file +* In the Old Testament, the second son of Jacob (Israel) and Leah was named Simeon. His descendants became one of the twelve tribes of Israel. +* The tribe of Simeon occupied the southernmost territory in the promised land of Canaan, an area that was part of Judah's inheritance. +* In the New Testament, a godly man named Simeon was in the temple at Jerusalem when Joseph and Mary brought the baby Jesus there to dedicate him to God. Simeon blessed Jesus and praised God for providing the Messiah who would be the Savior for all people. +* To make it clear that these and other men with the name Simeon are actually different people, some translators may choose to spell their names slightly differently. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/simonthezealot/01.md b/bible/other/simonthezealot/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5835b889 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/simonthezealot/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# Simon the Zealot + +## Facts + +Simon the Zealot was one of Jesus' closest twelve disciples. + +* Little is known about Simon the Zealot. He is mentioned three times in the listing of Jesus' disciples. +* Simon was one of the Eleven who met together after Jesus went back up into heaven. +* Some speculate that the term "zealot" means that Simon was a member of "the Zealots" which were a Jewish religious party that was very zealous in its support of upholding the Law of Moses while strongly opposing the Roman government. +* Others think the term "zealot" simply describes Simon's religious zeal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sister/01.md b/bible/other/sister/01.md index 4ee9b7de..ceb143a8 100644 --- a/bible/other/sister/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sister/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ ## Definition -A sister is a female person who shares at least one biological parent with another person. *In the New Testament, "sister" is sometimes used figuratively to refer to a woman who is a fellow believer in Jesus Christ. +A sister is a female person who shares at least one biological parent with another person. -* Sometimes the New Testament writers used the phrase, "brothers and sisters" to emphasize that they were talking about all believers in Christ, both men and women. -* When they referred specifically to a "sister," they were referring to a certain woman who was a fellow believer. +* In the New Testament, "sister" is also used figuratively to refer to a woman who is a fellow believer in Jesus Christ. +* Sometimes the phrase, "brothers and sisters" is used to refer to all believers in Christ, both men and women. +* In the Old Testament book, Song of Songs, "sister" refers to a lover or a spouse. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -13,4 +14,7 @@ A sister is a female person who shares at least one biological parent with anoth * It is best to translate this term with the literal word that is used in the target language to refer to a natural or biological sister, unless this would give wrong meaning. -* Other ways to translate this could include, "sister in Christ" or "spiritual sister." \ No newline at end of file +* Other ways to translate this could include, "sister in Christ" or "spiritual sister" or "woman who believes in Jesus" or "fellow woman believer." +* If possible, it is best to use a family term. +* If the language has a feminine form for "believer," this may be a possible way to translate this term. +* When referring to a lover or wife, this could be translated using a feminine form of "loved one" or "dear one." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/snare/01.md b/bible/other/snare/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..02a76eac --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/snare/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# snare, trap + +## Definition + +The terms "snare" and "trap" refer to devices that are used to catch animals and keep them from escaping. Usually the snare or trap is hidden so that its prey is taken by surprise. + +* These terms are also used figuratively to refer to anything that traps or ensnares a person in a spiritual way. +* A "snare" usually has a loop of rope or wire that suddenly pulls tight when an animal steps into it, ensnaring its leg. +* A "trap" is often made of metal or wood and has two parts that close together rapidly and powerfully in order to catch some part of the animal's body in it so that it can't get away. +* In the Bible, these terms are used figuratively to talk about how sin and temptation are like snares that trap people. +* The Bible says that Satan and evil people can place snares or traps to try to get people to sin. +* The phrase "set a trap" means to get the trap ready to close in order to trap someone. +* To "fall in a trap" refers to falling into a deep hole or pit that was dug and hidden in order to get someone to fall into it. +* The comparison that is made in the figurative uses is that, like being caught in a trap or snare, giving in to sin or temptation often happens quickly and forcefully, and takes the trapped person by surprise. +* Also, the result is very harmful to the person who is trapped or snared by a sin. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/snow/01.md b/bible/other/snow/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d42a4c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/snow/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# snow + +## Facts + +The term "snow" refers to frozen flakes of precipitation that fall in high places such as mountains or in areas of the world that are far north or far south. + +* Snow falls occasionally in Jerusalem in the winter, but does not normally accumulate. +* Snow is often used as an example of the color white. +* The whiteness of snow is symbolic of purity. Scripture states that "our sins...will be as white as snow" which means that God completely cleanses his people from their sins. +* Descriptions of the glorified Christ in the book of Revelation state that his hair was "white like snow." +* Some languages might refer to snow as "frozen rain" or "flakes of ice" or "frozen flakes." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sorcery/01.md b/bible/other/sorcery/01.md index b35ada85..4f034e94 100644 --- a/bible/other/sorcery/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sorcery/01.md @@ -1,10 +1,11 @@ -# sorcery, sorcerer +# sorcery, sorcerer, witchcraft ## Definition "Sorcery" or "witchcraft" refers to using magic, which involves doing powerful things through the help of evil spirits. A "sorcerer" is someone who does these powerful, magical things. -* Sorcery can involve doing good things such as healing someone, or harmful things such as putting a curse on someone. But all kinds of sorcery are wrong because they involve using an evil spirit's power. -* The use of sorcery is a great evil in God's sight. It is considered as evil as other terrible sins, such as adultery, worshiping idols, and child sacrifice. -* This could also be translated as, "evil spirit power" or "black magic" or "casting spells." -* The term "sorcerer" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "worker of magic" or "person who casts spells" or "person who does miracles using evil spirit power." \ No newline at end of file +* The use of magic and sorcery can involve beneficial things (such as healing someone), or harmful things (such as putting a curse on someone). But all kinds of sorcery are wrong, because they use the power of evil spirits. +* In the Bible, God says that the use of sorcery is as evil as other terrible sins (such as adultery, worshiping idols, and child sacrifice). +* The terms "sorcery" and "witchcraft" could also be translated as, "evil spirit power" or "black magic" or "casting spells." +* The term "sorcerer" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "worker of magic" or "person who casts spells" or "person who does miracles using evil spirit power." +* Note that "sorcery" has a different meaning than the term "divination" which refers to attempting to contact the spirit world. Divination is another evil practice that God condemns. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/stiffnecked/01.md b/bible/other/stiffnecked/01.md index 3f380e2e..4d78ab0e 100644 --- a/bible/other/stiffnecked/01.md +++ b/bible/other/stiffnecked/01.md @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ The term "stiff-necked" is an idiom describing people who keep disobeying God and refuse to respond to his correction. They are very proud. * The Israelites were stiff-necked in their attitude toward the prophets who foretold the coming of the Messiah. -* They were also stiff-necked in their persistence in worshiping false gods. +* They were also stiff-necked and stubborn in their persistence in worshiping false gods. * This term could be translated as "pridefully stubborn" or "arrogant and unyielding." -* refuses to submit to God's authority +* A stiff-necked person refuses to submit to God's authority * Other languages may also have an idiom that has this same meaning. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/storehouse/01.md b/bible/other/storehouse/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1047d7b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/storehouse/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# storehouse + +## Definition + +A "storehouse" is a large building that is used for storing food or other things. + +* In the Bible a "storehouse" was usually used to store extra grain and other food to be used later when there was a shortage of food because of famine. +* A "storehouse" was sometimes used as a way of building wealth in a family. +* This term is also used figuratively to refer to all the good things that God wants to give to his people. +* The storehouses of the house of Yahweh contained the valuable things that had been taken from conquered enemies and were dedicated or consecrated to Yahweh. These things were being saved to help repair the temple. Sometimes this is translated as "treasures." +* Other ways to translate "storehouse" could include, "building for storing grain" or "place for keeping food" or "room for keeping valuable things safe." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/strength/01.md b/bible/other/strength/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dfdeb4f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/strength/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +# strength, strengthen + +## Facts + +The term "strength" refers to the state of being strong physically, emotionally, or spiritually. To "strengthen" means to make someone or something stronger. + +* "Strength" can also refer to being able to stand up against some kind of opposing force. +* A person has strength of will if he is able to not give in to temptation. +* One writer of the Psalms calls Yahweh his strength, which means that God helps him to be strong. +* If a physical structure like a wall or building is strengthened, it means that people are rebuilding the structure, to reinforce it with more stones or brick so that it can withstand an attack. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* In general, the term "strengthen" can be translated as "cause to be strong" or "make more powerful." +* Some uses of this term, with suggested translations: +* "puts strength on me like a belt" means, "causes me to be completely strong, like a belt that completely surrounds my waist." +* "in quietness and trust will be your strength" means, "acting calmly and trusting in God will make you spiritually strong" +* "will renew their strength" means, "will become stronger again" +* "by my strength and by my wisdom I acted" means, "I have done all this because I am so strong and wise" +* "strengthen the wall" means, "reinforce the wall" or "rebuild the wall" +* "I will strengthen you" means, "I will cause you to be strong" +* "in Yahweh alone are salvation and strength" means, "Yahweh is the only one who saves us and strengthens us" +* "the rock of your strength" means, "the faithful one who makes you strong" +* "with the saving strength of his right hand" means, "he strongly rescues you from trouble like someone who holds you safely with his strong hand." +* "of little strength" means, "weak" or "not very strong." +* "with all my strength" means, "using my best efforts" or "strongly and completely." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/strongdrink/01.md b/bible/other/strongdrink/01.md index b96f7d42..69f4b6ab 100644 --- a/bible/other/strongdrink/01.md +++ b/bible/other/strongdrink/01.md @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ The term "strong drink" refers to drinks that have been fermented, also called "alcoholic" drinks. -* Alcoholic beverages are made from either grain or fruit and have undergone a process of fermentation. Kinds of strong drinks include wine \ No newline at end of file +* Alcoholic beverages are made from either grain or fruit and have undergone a process of fermentation. Kinds of strong drinks include wine (from grapes), beer, ale, cider, and palm wine. +* Priests and anyone who took a special vow such as the "Nazirite vow" were forbidden to drink fermented drinks. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/stronghold/01.md b/bible/other/stronghold/01.md index 37628bba..29cab592 100644 --- a/bible/other/stronghold/01.md +++ b/bible/other/stronghold/01.md @@ -1,9 +1,11 @@ -# stronghold, fortress +# stronghold, fortress, fortified ## Definition -The term "stronghold" refers to a place that is well protected against an attack by enemy soldiers and can be easily defended. +The term "stronghold" or "fortress" refers to a place that is well protected against an attack by enemy soldiers and can be easily defended. Something that is "fortified" has been made strong by thicker walls or other structures that make a city or fortress more secure. * A stronghold or fortress can be strong buildings, defensive walls, or natural barriers like rocky cliffs or high mountains. * This term is also used figuratively to refer to God as a refuge or fortress for those who trust in him. -* In another figurative use, a "stronghold" can be something that a person wrongly trusts in for security, such as a false god. \ No newline at end of file +* A "stronghold" can also figuratively refer to something that a person wrongly trusts in for security, such as a false god. +* The term "fortify" could be translated as "make secure." +* "Stronghold" or "fortress" could be translated as "securely strong place" or "strongly protected place." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/stumble/01.md b/bible/other/stumble/01.md index 9d4750a1..e10b125b 100644 --- a/bible/other/stumble/01.md +++ b/bible/other/stumble/01.md @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ To "stumble" literally means to almost fall when walking or running. Usually it involves tripping over something. -* Figuratively, "stumble" means to sin or to falter in one's faith. -* It can also mean to endanger your faith through sinning. +* Figuratively, "stumble" often means to sin, or to falter in one's faith, or to endanger your faith through sinning. +* "Stumble" is also sometimes used figuratively for those who are struck down by persecution. ## Translation Suggestions diff --git a/bible/other/subject/01.md b/bible/other/subject/01.md index 81b08472..c699e32d 100644 --- a/bible/other/subject/01.md +++ b/bible/other/subject/01.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The term "subject" refers to being under the authority of someone. The phrase "be subject to" is a command that means "obey" or "submit to the authority of." -* A person who is under the authority of a king or other ruler, is said to be the "subject" of that ruler. -* In the Bible, the phrase "put in subjection to" refers to God causing everything, whether living or nonliving, to submit to his authority and obey him. +* The phrase "put in subjection to" refers to causing people to be under the authority of a leader or ruler. * To "subject someone to something" means to cause that person to experience something negative, such as punishment. -* Sometimes the term "subject" is used to refer to being the topic or focus of something, such as, "you will be the subject of ridicule." \ No newline at end of file +* Sometimes the term "subject" is used to refer to being the topic or focus of something, such as in, "you will be the subject of ridicule." +* The phrase "be subject to" means the same as "be submissive to" or "submit to." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/succoth/01.md b/bible/other/succoth/01.md index f0aa0be3..190cf3f1 100644 --- a/bible/other/succoth/01.md +++ b/bible/other/succoth/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -Succoth is the name of two Old Testament cities. The word, "succoth" \ No newline at end of file +Succoth is the name of two Old Testament cities. The word, "succoth" (or "sukkoth") means "shelters." + +* The first city called Succoth was located on the east side of the Jordan River. +* Jacob stayed at Succoth with his family and flocks, building shelters for them there. +* Hundreds of years later, Gideon and his exhausted men stopped at Succoth as they were chasing the Midanites, but the people there refused to give them any food. +* The second Succoth is located on the northern border of Egypt and was one place where the Israelites stopped after they crossed the Red Sea as they were escaping from slavery in Egypt. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sweep/01.md b/bible/other/sweep/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9501b557 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/sweep/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# sweep, swept + +## Facts + +The terms "sweep" and "swept" usually refer to a broad, quick movement to remove dirt using a broom or brush. These words are also used figuratively. + +* The term "sweep" is used figuratively to describe how an army attacks with swift, decisive, wide-reaching movements. +* For example, Isaiah prophesied that the Assyrians would "sweep through" the Kingdom of Judah. This means they would destroy Judah and capture its people. +* The term "sweep" can also be used to describe the manner in which rapidly flowing water pushes things and forces them away. +* To have something "sweep over" a person means that overwhelming, difficult things are happening to him. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/sword/01.md b/bible/other/sword/01.md index 4477e2ad..00f5299c 100644 --- a/bible/other/sword/01.md +++ b/bible/other/sword/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,20 @@ ## Definition -A sword is a flat-bladed metal weapon used to cut or stab. The blade of a sword at that time was around 60 to 91 cm in length. +A sword is a flat-bladed metal weapon used to cut or stab. It has a handle and a long, pointed blade with a very sharp cutting edge. -* The Psalms say that a person's tongue can injure a person like a sword -* A sword is used as a metaphor for God's word because of its ability to cut open our thoughts and motives. One way to translate this would be, "God's word is like a sword..." -* Jesus' disciples had swords they planned to use to defend themselves. Peter used his sword to cut off the ear of the high priests' servant. -* Both John the Baptist and the apostle James were beheaded with swords. \ No newline at end of file +* The blade of a sword in ancient times was around 60 to 91 centimeters long. +* Some swords have two sharp edges and are called "double-edged" swords. +* Jesus' disciples had swords they planned to use to defend themselves. Peter used his sword to cut off the ear of the high priest's servant. +* Both John the Baptist and the apostle James were beheaded with swords. + + +## Translation Suggestions + + + +* A sword is used as a metaphor for God's word. God's teachings in the Bible expose people's innermost thoughts and convict them of their sin. In a similar way, a sword cuts deeply, causing pain. +* One way to translate this figurative use would be, "God's word is like a sword, which cuts deeply and exposes sin." +* Another figurative use of this term is in the book of Psalms where the tongue or speech of a person is compared to a sword, which can injure people. This could be translated as, "the tongue is like a sword that can badly injure someone." +* If swords are not known in your culture, this word could be translated with the name of another long-bladed weapon that is used to cut or stab. +* A sword could also be described as a “sharp weapon” or “long knife.” Some translations may decide to include a picture of a sword. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/teach/01.md b/bible/other/teach/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1c8b0c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/teach/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# teach, teaching, teacher + +## Definition + +The terms "teach" and "teaching" refer to telling other people information they didn't know before. Usually the information is given in a formal or systematic way. + +* A "teacher" is someone who teaches. +* Jesus' disciples called him "Teacher" as a respectful form of address for someone who taught people about God. +* The information that is being taught can be shown or spoken. +* The term "doctrine" is sometimes a translation of the word for "teachings" when it refers to a set of teachings about God. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/tent/01.md b/bible/other/tent/01.md index 603ccbae..6d452ab2 100644 --- a/bible/other/tent/01.md +++ b/bible/other/tent/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ ## Definition -A tent is a portable shelter made of sturdy fabric that is draped over a structure of poles. and attached to them. +A tent is a portable shelter made of sturdy fabric that is draped over a structure of poles and attached to them. -* Tents are used as permanent dwelling places for many people in the world. -* Abraham's family lived for years in large, heavy-duty tents. +* Tents are used as permanent dwelling places for many people. For example, Abraham's family lived for years in large, heavy-duty tents. * Israel lived in tents during their wanderings through the desert of Sinai. -* The apostle Paul made tents as a job to support himself while traveling from city to city sharing the gospel. -* The tabernacle building was a kind of very large tent, with thick walls made of cloth curtains. \ No newline at end of file +* The tabernacle building was a kind of very large tent, with thick walls made of cloth curtains. +* The apostle Paul made tents to earn money to support himself while traveling from city to city sharing the gospel. +* The term "tents" is sometimes used figuratively to refer generally to where people live. This could be translated as "homes" or "dwellings" or "houses." (See: [[en/ta-vol2/translate/man/figs_synecdoche]]) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/thief/01.md b/bible/other/thief/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e87a4fc --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/thief/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# thief, thieves + +## Facts + +A "thief" is a person who habitually steals money or property that belong to other people. The plural form is "thieves." + +* Thieves often use an element of surprise, lurking and watching for opportune moments to take things. Often they use the cover of darkness to hide what they are doing. +* In a figurative sense, the New Testament describes Satan as a thief who comes to steal, kill, and destroy. This means that Satan's plan is to try to keep people from experiencing the blessings that God wants them to have. Satan wants to destroy God's people and keep them from serving God and blessing others. +* Another word for "thief" is "robber" which means, "a person who robs or steals from other people." +* Jesus compares the manner of his return to the suddenness and surprise which characterizes a thief's actions. However, Jesus is not at all like a thief -- his point is that his followers should always be ready for him to come back, since he will return at a time when they are not expecting it. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/thomas/01.md b/bible/other/thomas/01.md index c0886f48..5e819455 100644 --- a/bible/other/thomas/01.md +++ b/bible/other/thomas/01.md @@ -2,4 +2,8 @@ ## Facts -Thomas was one of twelve men whom Jesus chose to be his disciples \ No newline at end of file +Thomas was one of twelve men whom Jesus chose to be his disciples (also called apostles). + +* Another name Thomas was known by was Didymos, a word that means "twin. +* Thomas is best known for saying that he would not believe that Jesus was alive again unless he could see and feel the places where Jesus had been wounded. +* It was also Thomas who asked Jesus to explain how they could know the way to go to the Father. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/thorn/01.md b/bible/other/thorn/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d51736cd --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/thorn/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# thorn, thistle + +## Facts + +Thorn bushes and thistles are plants that have prickly branches or flowers. These plants do not produce fruit or anything else that is useful. + +* A thorn is a hard, sharp growth on the branch or stem of a plant. A "thornbush" is a type of small tree or shrub that has many thorns on its branches. +* A thistle is a plant with prickly stems and leaves. Often the flowers are purple. +* Thorn and thistle plants multiply quickly and can cause other plants or crops to not be able to grow. This is a picture of how sin keeps a person from producing good spiritual fruit. +* A crown made of twisted thorn branches was placed on Jesus' head before he was crucified. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/thresh/01.md b/bible/other/thresh/01.md index 0b084d5a..697820e9 100644 --- a/bible/other/thresh/01.md +++ b/bible/other/thresh/01.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -# thresh, threshing floor +# thresh, threshing ## Definition -Threshing is the process of separating wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant. +The terms "thresh" and "threshing" refer to the process of separating wheat grain from the rest of the wheat plant. -* Plants to be threshed were first beaten \ No newline at end of file +* Plants to be threshed were first beaten (or trampled by oxen) to separate the straw from the grain and the chaff. Then the grain and chaff were tossed into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away while the grain fell back down on the threshing floor. +* A "threshing floor" is a large, solid, flat area that is used for threshing grain. +* In biblical times, a threshing floor was a large flat rock or an area of packed-down dirt, giving a hard, level surface to crush the grain stalks and remove the grain. +* A "threshing cart" or "threshing wheel" was used to crush the grain and help separate it from the chaff. +* A "threshing sledge" or "threshing board" was used for separating grain. It was made of wooden boards that had sharp metal spikes on the end. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/time/01.md b/bible/other/time/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b2d8e777 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/time/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# time + +## Facts + +In the Bible the term "time" is often used symbolically to refer to a specific season or period of time when certain events take place. It has a meaning similar to "age" or "epoch" or "season." + +* This is a different meaning from measurements of time such as minutes, hours, days or months. +* Both Daniel and Revelation speak of a "time" of great trouble or tribulation that will come upon the earth. +* In the phrase "time, times, and half a time" the term "time" means "year." This phrase refers to a three and a half year period of time during the great tribulation at the end of this present age. +* Phrases such as "second time" or "many times" refer to the number of occurrences that something happened. +* To be "on time" means to arrive when expected, and not late. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/timothy/01.md b/bible/other/timothy/01.md index 49ff0fbe..d29b6a2d 100644 --- a/bible/other/timothy/01.md +++ b/bible/other/timothy/01.md @@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ Timothy was a young man from Lystra who became a believer in Christ as a result * Both his grandmother Lois and his mother Eunice were Jews and believers in Christ, but his father was a Greek. * Because Timothy was partly Jewish, Paul circumcised him so that he could meet with and minister to Jews without offending them. * The elders and Paul formally appointed Timothy for the ministry by placing their hands on him and praying for him. -* Two books in the New Testament \ No newline at end of file +* Two books in the New Testament (I Timothy and 2 Timothy) were written by Paul, providing guidance to Timothy as a young leader of local churches. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/tirzah/01.md b/bible/other/tirzah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..953a4bda --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/tirzah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Tirzah + +## Facts + +Tirzah was an important Canaanite city and later became one of the temporary capital cities of the northern Kingdom of Israel. + +* The city Tirzah was located in the region occupied by the tribe of Manasseh. The city is thought to have been about 10 miles north of the city of Shechem. +* Tirzah was also the name of one of Manasseh's grand-daughters who asked for an inheritance in the land since they had no brothers to inherit it, as was the normal custom. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/tomb/01.md b/bible/other/tomb/01.md index f5f02067..cbfcc158 100644 --- a/bible/other/tomb/01.md +++ b/bible/other/tomb/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -A tomb is a place where people put the bodies of those who die. +The terms "tomb" and "grave" refer to a place where people put the body of a person who has died. A "burial place" is a more general term that also refers to this. -* The Jews sometimes used natural caves as tombs, and sometimes they dug caves out of the rock on the side of a hill. -* In New Testament times, it was common to roll a large, heavy, round stone in front of the opening of a tomb in order to close it. -* This term can also be translated as, "grave." But if your word for grave can only refer to a hole in which the body is placed below the ground, then it might be better to translate tomb as, "cave" or "hole in a hill." \ No newline at end of file +* The Jews sometimes used natural caves as tombs, and sometimes they dug caves into the rock on the side of a hill. +* In New Testament times, it was common to roll a large, heavy stone in front of the opening of a tomb in order to close it. +* If the word for a tomb or a grave can only refer to a hole in which the body is placed below the ground, other ways to translate this could include, "cave" or "hole in a hill." +* The phrase "the grave" is often used generally and figuratively to refer to the condition of being dead or a place where the souls of dead people are. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/torment/01.md b/bible/other/torment/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8a57aea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/torment/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# torment + +## Facts + +The term "torment" refers to terrible suffering. To torment someone means to cause someone to suffer, often in a cruel way. + +* Sometimes the term "torment" refers to physical pain and suffering. For example, the book of Revelation describes physical torment that worshippers of the "beast" will suffer in the end-times. +* Suffering also may take the form of spiritual and emotional affliction as experienced by Job. +* According to the book of Revelation, people who do not believe in Jesus as their Savior will experience eternal spiritual torment in the lake of fire. +* This term could be translated as, "terrible suffering" or "cause someone to suffer greatly" or "agony." Some translators may add "physical" or "spiritual" to make the meaning clear. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/trample/01.md b/bible/other/trample/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..39eb31ae --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/trample/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# trample + +## Definition + +To "trample" means to step on something and crush or smash it with the feet. Often this term is used figuratively in the Bible to refer to God humbling proud, rebellious people or punishing them. + +* A large group of people running over a pasture would "trample" the grass in the field. +* In ancient times, wine was sometimes made by trampling grapes to remove the juice from them. +* Often the term "trample" is used figuratively with the meaning of punishing someone by humiliating them, as in the imagery of trampling mud to make a threshing floor. +* The term "trample" is used figuratively to express how Yahweh will punish Babylon or his people Israel by taking them down from their proud and rebellious position. +* Depending on the context, this could be translated by "crush with the feet" or "smash down with the feet." +* If it is not possible to keep the figurative language in some contexts, this could be translated as "humiliate" or "punish." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/tremble/01.md b/bible/other/tremble/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..347c3c4e --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/tremble/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# tremble + +## Definition + +The term "tremble" means to shake or quiver out of fear or extreme distress. + +* This is also used figuratively to mean "be very afraid." +* Sometimes the word tremble refers to a great sound causing the ground to shake. +* The Bible says that in the presence of the Lord the earth will tremble. This could mean that the people of the earth will shake out of fear of God or that the earth itself will shake. +* This term could be translated as "be afraid" or "fear God" or "shake," depending on the context. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/tribe/01.md b/bible/other/tribe/01.md index 12bc6ea7..6c2a0287 100644 --- a/bible/other/tribe/01.md +++ b/bible/other/tribe/01.md @@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ ## Definition -A tribe is a group of people who are biologically related and who are usually descended from a common ancestor. Each tribe is mad +A tribe is a group of people who are usually descended from a common ancestor. -* People from the same tribe share a common language and culture. +* People from the same tribe usually share a common language and culture. * In the Old Testament, God divided the people of Israel into twelve tribes. Each tribe was descended from a son or grandson of Jacob. -* A tribe is larger than a clan. There are several clans in each tribe. -* A tribe is smaller than a nation. There are several tribes in each nation. \ No newline at end of file +* A tribe is smaller than a nation, but larger than a clan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/trumpet/01.md b/bible/other/trumpet/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..859e08eb --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/trumpet/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# trumpet + +## Definition + +The term "trumpet" refers to an instrument for producing music or for calling people to gather together for an announcement or meeting. + +* A trumpet was commonly made of either metal, sea shell, or an animal horn. +* Trumpets were most commonly blown to call people to come together for battle, and for Israel's public assemblies. +* The book of Revelation describes a scene in the end times in which angels blow their trumpets to signal the outpouring of the wrath of God on the earth. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/understand/01.md b/bible/other/understand/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..89e0d4ab --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/understand/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# understand, understanding + +## Definition + +The term "understand" means to hear or receive information and know what it means. + +* The term "understanding" can refer to "knowledge" or "wisdom" or realizing how to do something. It also can refer to knowing how someone is feeling. +* While walking on the road to Emmaus, Jesus caused the disciples to understand the meaning of the scriptures about the Messiah. +* Depending on the context, the term "understand" could be translated by "know" or "believe" or "comprehend" or "know what (it) means." +* Often the term "understanding" can be translated by "knowledge" or "wisdom." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/vain/01.md b/bible/other/vain/01.md index 5ab1663e..b2f17527 100644 --- a/bible/other/vain/01.md +++ b/bible/other/vain/01.md @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -# vain +# vain, vanity ## Definition The term "vain" describes something that is useless or has no purpose. Vain things are empty and worthless. -* Jesus told his disciples that when they pray, they should not use "vain repetitions." The phrase "vain repetitions" refers to repeating the same words over and over again in a way that does not have meaning. +* The term "vanity" refers to worthlessness or emptiness. It can also refer to pride or arrogance. +* Jesus told his disciples to pray sincerely and not to use "vain repetitions," which refer to repeating the same words over and over again, which is meaningless. * In the Old Testament, idols are described as vain things that cannot deliver or save. They are worthless and have no use or purpose. -* If something was done "in vain," it means that there was no good result from it. The effort or action did not accomplish what was intended. +* If something was done "in vain," it means that there was no good result from it. The effort or action did not accomplish anything. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -14,4 +15,5 @@ The term "vain" describes something that is useless or has no purpose. Vain thin * Depending on the context, the term "vain" could be translated as "empty" or "useless" or "hopeless" or "worthless" or "meaningless." -* The phrase "in vain" could be translated as, "without result" or "with no result" or "for no reason" or "with no purpose." \ No newline at end of file +* The phrase "in vain" could be translated as, "without result" or "with no result" or "for no reason" or "with no purpose." +* The term "vanity" could be translated as, "pride" or "nothing worthwhile" or "hopelessness." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/vashti/01.md b/bible/other/vashti/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fffaaf35 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/vashti/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Vashti + +## Facts + +In the Old Testament book of Esther, Vashti was the wife of Ahasuerus, king of Persia. + +* Vashti was rejected as queen when she refused to obey King Ahasuerus' order to come to his dinner party and show off her beauty to his drunken guests. +* As a result, a search went out for a new queen and eventually Esther was chosen to be the king's new wife. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/vine/01.md b/bible/other/vine/01.md index b4db0c79..cd606868 100644 --- a/bible/other/vine/01.md +++ b/bible/other/vine/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ ## Definition -A vine is a plant that grows either by creeping along the ground or by climbing other plants or structures. The word "vine" in the Bible is used only of fruit bearing vines and usually refers to grape vines. +A vine is a plant that grows either by creeping along the ground or by climbing other plants or structures. The word "vine" in the Bible is used only of fruit-bearing vines and usually refers to grape vines. -* In the Bible people planted vines in order to produce grapes. +* In the Bible people planted vines in order to produce grapes. * Branches grow along the stems of the vines and get their strength from the nutrients flowing from the stem. -* Jesus called himself the vine and his people the branches. In this case, the word "vine" could also be translated as "vine stem" or, "stem." \ No newline at end of file +* Jesus called himself the vine and his people the branches. In this case, the word "vine" could also be translated as "vine stem" or "stem." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/vision/01.md b/bible/other/vision/01.md index c3e255d2..c5228a72 100644 --- a/bible/other/vision/01.md +++ b/bible/other/vision/01.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ ## Facts -When a person has a vision, it means he has seen something that is not from our physical world. In the Bible, a vision is something unusual that God shows someone supernaturally. +The term "vision" refers to something that a person sees. It especially refers to something unusal or supernatural that God shows people in order to give them a message. * Usually, visions are seen while the person is awake. However sometimes a vision is something a person sees in a dream while asleep. * God sends visions to tell people something that is very important. For example, Peter was shown a vision to tell him that God wanted him to welcome Gentiles. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/warrior/01.md b/bible/other/warrior/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9ee97636 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/warrior/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +# warrior, soldier + +## Facts + +The terms "warrior" and "soldier" are similar in meaning as they both can refer to someone who fights in an army. But there are also some differences. + +* Usually the term "warrior" is a general, broad term to refer to a man who is gifted and courageous in battle. +* Yahweh is figuratively described as a "warrior." +* The term "soldier" more specifically refers to someone who is fighting in a certain army or a certain battle. +* The translator should consider whether there are two words in the language that also differ in meaning and use. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/watch/01.md b/bible/other/watch/01.md index 74643393..51b17e5b 100644 --- a/bible/other/watch/01.md +++ b/bible/other/watch/01.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# watch +# watch, watchman ## Definition diff --git a/bible/other/water/01.md b/bible/other/water/01.md index 1d0224bc..1198a533 100644 --- a/bible/other/water/01.md +++ b/bible/other/water/01.md @@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ In addition to its primary meaning, "water" also often refers to a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river. * The term "waters" refers to bodies of water or many sources of water. It can also be a general reference for a large amount of water. -* To "water" livestock and other animals means to "provide water for" them. In Bible times, this involved drawing water up out of a well and pouring it into troughs for the animals to drink from. -* In the Old Testament, God is referred to as the "spring of living water" for his people. This means he is the source of spiritual power and refreshment. "Living water" was a reference to naturally flowing water, as in a stream or spring. -* In the New Testament, Jesus used the phrase "streams of living water" to refer to the Holy Spirit working in a person to transform and bring new life. +* A figurative use of "waters" refers to great distress, difficulties, and suffering. For example, God promises that when we "go through the waters" he will be with us. +* The phrase "many waters" emphasizes how great the difficulties are. +* To "water" livestock and other animals means to "provide water for" them. In Bible times, this usually involved drawing water from a well with a bucket and pouring the water into a trough or other container for the animals to drink from. +* In the Old Testament, God is referred to as the spring or fountain of "living waters" for his people. This means he is the source of spiritual power and refreshment. +* In the New Testament, Jesus used the phrase "living water" to refer to the Holy Spirit working in a person to transform and bring new life. ## Translation Suggestions @@ -15,4 +17,6 @@ In addition to its primary meaning, "water" also often refers to a body of water * The phrase, "draw water" could be translated as, "pull water up from a well with a bucket." -* "Streams of living water will flow from them" could be translated as, "the power and blessings from the Holy Spirit will flow out of them them like streams of water." Instead of "blessings" the term "gifts" or "fruits" or godly character" could be used. \ No newline at end of file +* "Streams of living water will flow from them" could be translated as, "the power and blessings from the Holy Spirit will flow out of them them like streams of water." Instead of "blessings" the term "gifts" or "fruits" or "godly character" could be used. +* When Jesus is talking to the Samaritan woman at the well, the phrase "living water" could be translated as "water that gives life" or "lifegiving water." In this context, the imagery of water must be kept in the translation. +* The term "waters" or "many waters" could be translated as "great suffering \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/well/01.md b/bible/other/well/01.md index f27e8d20..6a7197f1 100644 --- a/bible/other/well/01.md +++ b/bible/other/well/01.md @@ -1,17 +1,22 @@ -# well +# well, cistern ## Definition -A well is a hole in the ground that collects water either from rain or underground springs. Most wells are man made. +The terms "well" and "cistern" refer to two different kinds of sources for water in Bible times. -* Wells were very important features of the arid Bible lands. -* In Bible times, a well could be a deep shaft or a shallow pit. It was usually covered with a large stone to prevent anything falling in it. +* A well was a deep hole dug into the ground so that underground water can flow into it. +* A cistern was also a dug-out deep hole used as a holding tank for collecting rain water. +* Cisterns were usually dug into rock and sealed with plaster to keep the water in. A "broken cistern" happened when the plaster became cracked so that the water leaked out. +* Cisterns could be 6 meters deep and 1 meter wide at the top opening. * Because water was very important for both people and livestock, the right to use a well was often a cause of strife and conflict. +* Both wells and cisterns were usually covered with a large stone to prevent anything falling in it. Often there was a rope with a bucket attached to it to bring the water up to the surface. +* Sometimes a dry cistern was used as a place to imprison someone, such as happened to Joseph and Jeremiah. ## Translation Suggestions -* If the target language has a known term for a well, that term should be used. -* Other ways to translate this could include something like, "deep water hole" or "deep and narrow pit full of water." \ No newline at end of file +* Ways to translate "well" could include, "deep water hole" or "deep hole for spring water" or "deep hole for drawing water." +* The term "cistern" could be translated as "stone pit" or "deep and narrow pit for water" or "underground tank for holding water." +* These terms are similar in meaning. The main difference is that a well usually receives water from underground springs whereas the water in a cistern usually comes from rain. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/wheat/01.md b/bible/other/wheat/01.md index 9f704804..65c169d9 100644 --- a/bible/other/wheat/01.md +++ b/bible/other/wheat/01.md @@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ Wheat is a type of grass, or grain, that people grow for food. -* The seeds is at the top of the wheat plant. +* The seeds grow at the top of the wheat plant. * After harvesting the wheat, the seed is separated from the stalk of the plant. This is called "threshing." -* The stalk of the wheat plant, or straw, is often placed on the ground for animals to sleep on it. +* The stalk of the wheat plant, or straw, is often placed on the ground for animals to sleep on. * The small hulls that surround the seed are called "chaff." They are worthless and are thrown away. * People grind the seed into flour, and use this for making bread. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/wine/01.md b/bible/other/wine/01.md index 93c26741..ab64e5ab 100644 --- a/bible/other/wine/01.md +++ b/bible/other/wine/01.md @@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ ## Definition -Wine is a kind of fermented drink made from the juice of a fruit called grapes, which grow on vines. +Wine is a kind of fermented drink made from the juice of a fruit called grapes, which grow on vines. This term was also used to refer to grape juice that was not fermented. -* To make wine, grapes are crushed so that the juice comes out. Then the juice is left until it ferments and alcohol forms in it. -* In Bible times, wine was the normal drink with meals. It did not have as much alcohol in it as other strong drinks. +* To make wine, grapes are crushed so that the juice comes out. The juice eventually ferments and alcohol forms in it. +* In Bible times, wine was the normal drink with meals. It did not have as much alcohol in it as present-day wine has. +* Also, wine was often mixed with water before serving. * If wine is unknown in your culture, it could be translated as, "fermented grape juice" or, "fermented drink made from a fruit called grapes" or, simply "fermented drink." \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/wisemen/01.md b/bible/other/wisemen/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a5a768c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/wisemen/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# wise men + +## Facts + +The term "wise men" was used to refer to men with special knowledge and abilities who often served as part of a king's court. + +* Some wise men studied the stars and assigned meanings to the positions of the stars in the sky. +* Wise men were often called on to interpret dreams. Daniel was one of King Nebuchadnezzar's wise men and god gave him the ability to interpret the king's dreams. +* In some Mediterranean countries, wise men were seen as professional scholars. +* Sometimes wise men were users of magic arts, such as divination or other activity that called on power from evil spirits. +* In the New Testament, the group of men who came from eastern regions to worship Jesus are called "magi" or "wise men." It is very probable that these men were astrologers who studied the stars. Some have thought that they may have been descendants of the wise men whom Daniel taught when he was in Babylon. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/zechariahot/01.md b/bible/other/zechariahot/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2af04b3e --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/zechariahot/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Zechariah (OT) + +## Facts + +Zechariah was the name of many different men in the Old Testament. Among the most significant are: + +* A prominent gatekeeper at the temple during the time of David (1 Chronicles 26:2,14). +* A son of King Jehoshaphat who was murdered by his brother Jehoram (2 Chronicles 21:2). +* A priest who was stoned by the people when he rebuked them for their idol worship (2 Chronicles 24:20). +* A king of Israel who was murdered after only six months on the throne (2 Kings 14:29). +* A prophet who prophesied during the reign of King Darius I of Persia. His prophecy urged the returning exiles to rebuild the house of the Lord. He lived during the same time period as Ezra, Nehemiah, Zerrubbabel and the prophet Haggai. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/zedekiah/01.md b/bible/other/zedekiah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e1167154 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/zedekiah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Zedekiah + +## Facts + +Zedekiah was the last king of Judah (597-587 B.C.). There are also several other men named Zedekiah in the Old Testament. + +* King Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he took the throne, after Nebuchadnezzer had deported most of the royalty to Babylon. +* Zedekiah consulted with Jeremiah and Ezekiel, but was not a good leader. +* He was captured after the siege of Jerusalem, brought before the king of Babylon and sentenced to watch his sons killed, after which he was blinded. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/zephaniah/01.md b/bible/other/zephaniah/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..59bf060f --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/zephaniah/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +# Zephaniah + +## Facts + +Zephaniah was the name of several men in the Old Testament, including a priest and a prophet. The Old Testament book of the prophet Zephaniah contains his prophecies. + +* The prophet Zephaniah lived in Jerusalem and prophesied during the reign of Josiah, king of Judah. +* Zephaniah rebuked the people for worshipping false gods. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/zerubbabel/01.md b/bible/other/zerubbabel/01.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6b7f30b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/bible/other/zerubbabel/01.md @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +# Zerubbabel + +## Facts + +Zerubbabel was the name of two Israelite men in the Old Testament. + +* One of these was a descendant of Jehoiakim and Zedekiah. +* A different Zerubbabel, son of Shealtiel, was the head of the tribe of Judah during one of the returns from the Babylonian captivity. +* This Zerubbabel lived during the time when Cyrus king of Persia released the Israelites from their captivity in Babylon. +* Zerubbabel and the high priest Joshua were among those who helped rebuild the temple and altar of God. +* Zerubbabel also lived at the same time as Ezra and Nehemiah. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bible/other/zion/01.md b/bible/other/zion/01.md index 3e6d8cd3..8ce13c1a 100644 --- a/bible/other/zion/01.md +++ b/bible/other/zion/01.md @@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ Originally, the term "Zion" or "Mount Zion" referred to a stronghold or fortress that King David captured from the Jebusites. It was located on one of the hills that the city of Jerusalem was built on and became David's residence. * Mount Zion and Mount Moriah were two of the hills that the city of Jerusalem was located on. David's son Solomon built a temple for God on Mount Moriah, which was where Abraham had offered his son Isaac to God many years before that. -* Later, "Zion" and "Mount Zion" became used as general terms to refer to both mountains and to the city of Jerusalem. They were also used to refer to the temple that was located in Jerusalem. +* Later, "Zion" and "Mount Zion" became used as general terms to refer to both of these mountains and to the city of Jerusalem. They were also used to refer to the temple that was located in Jerusalem. * David named Zion, or Jerusalem, the "City of David." This is different from David's hometown, Bethlehem, which was also called the City of David. -* Zion is also used in different figurative ways, to refer to Israel or to God's spiritual kingdom or to the new, heavenly Jerusalem that God will create. \ No newline at end of file +* The term "Zion" is used in other figurative ways, to refer to Israel or to God's spiritual kingdom or to the new, heavenly Jerusalem that God will create. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manifest.yaml b/manifest.yaml index 32e7ce74..29a0d172 100644 --- a/manifest.yaml +++ b/manifest.yaml @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ dublin_core: subject: 'Translation Words' title: 'translationWords' type: 'dict' - version: '1' + version: '2' checking: checking_entity: