diff --git a/1ch/05/10.md b/1ch/05/10.md index 2a12801ab2..5e2a2a7749 100644 --- a/1ch/05/10.md +++ b/1ch/05/10.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ This is a name of a people group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-nam # lived in the Hagrites' tents -The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. Alternate translation: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "they lived in all the Hagrite territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. Alternate translation: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "lived in all the Hagrite territory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/1ch/05/22.md b/1ch/05/22.md index 64c0267d79..90f366f18f 100644 --- a/1ch/05/22.md +++ b/1ch/05/22.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # the battle was from God -God's help in battle is described as if he were the one who caused the battle. Alternate translation: "Because God helped them" +God's help in battle is described as if he were the one who caused the battle. Alternate translation: "God helped them" diff --git a/php/front/intro.md b/php/front/intro.md index 7713819bf7..84344368bb 100644 --- a/php/front/intro.md +++ b/php/front/intro.md @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ 1. Final remarks - Values (4:8-9) - Contentment (4:10-20) + - Final Greetings (4:21-23) #### Who wrote the Book Philippians? #### diff --git a/psa/022/020.md b/psa/022/020.md index 19a1029394..8267784199 100644 --- a/psa/022/020.md +++ b/psa/022/020.md @@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ The sword is a common way of referring to a violent enemy. Alternate translation "my precious life" or "the only life I have" -# claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen +# claws of wild dogs -The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -# wild dogs ... wild oxen +# wild dogs The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal. diff --git a/psa/022/021.md b/psa/022/021.md index 34f586c555..85ff107fff 100644 --- a/psa/022/021.md +++ b/psa/022/021.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# claws of wild dogs ... lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen +# lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen -The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs, lions, and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws, mouth, and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are the parts that the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -# wild dogs ... wild oxen +# wild oxen The word "wild" here means that no one has captured and tamed the animal. diff --git a/psa/025/008.md b/psa/025/008.md index 49b133bfa9..0c2ab9a94b 100644 --- a/psa/025/008.md +++ b/psa/025/008.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# the way ... his way +# the way How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/psa/025/009.md b/psa/025/009.md index 95515e8068..5df0521507 100644 --- a/psa/025/009.md +++ b/psa/025/009.md @@ -2,3 +2,7 @@ This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "humble people" or "those who are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +# his way + +How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) + diff --git a/psa/025/012.md b/psa/025/012.md index 7525aa3cb3..f71ec7d071 100644 --- a/psa/025/012.md +++ b/psa/025/012.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This question introduces "the man who fears Yahweh" as a new topic. Alternate translation: "I will tell you about the man who fears Yahweh." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) -# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should ... His life ... his descendants +# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should -This does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should ... Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) +These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) # The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose diff --git a/psa/025/013.md b/psa/025/013.md index 7fe563bb8b..c2c4ff0df8 100644 --- a/psa/025/013.md +++ b/psa/025/013.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should ... His life ... his descendants +# His life ... his descendants -This does not refer to a specific person. Alternate translation: "are those who fear ... instruct them ... they should ... Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) +These words refer to any person who fears Yahweh, not a specific person. Alternate translation: "Their lives ... their descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) # His life will go along in goodness diff --git a/psa/031/005.md b/psa/031/005.md index f0e6a70ef9..e72591fe2c 100644 --- a/psa/031/005.md +++ b/psa/031/005.md @@ -9,8 +9,3 @@ Here "my spirit" refers to the writer. Alternate translation: "I place myself" ( # God of trustworthiness "you are a God I can trust" - -# you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul - -Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - diff --git a/psa/031/017.md b/psa/031/017.md index 0af28bc685..381045f0a4 100644 --- a/psa/031/017.md +++ b/psa/031/017.md @@ -10,10 +10,6 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Do not let others mak This refers to "wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) -# May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced - -This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) - # May they be silent in Sheol Here "in Sheol" represents death. Alternate translation: "Let them die so they cannot speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/psa/031/018.md b/psa/031/018.md index f6fe553daf..52ac7f06cc 100644 --- a/psa/031/018.md +++ b/psa/031/018.md @@ -1,7 +1,6 @@ -# May they be silent in Sheol. May lying lips be silenced - -This idea is repeated to emphasize the writer's desire that the voices of the wicked are not heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) +# May lying lips be silenced +This can be translated in active form. Alternative translation: "May someone make these lying lips silent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # lying lips These represent lying people. Alternate translation: "people who lie" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/psa/035/021.md b/psa/035/021.md index 25b523f212..bc94644972 100644 --- a/psa/035/021.md +++ b/psa/035/021.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate translation # Aha, Aha -This is an exclamation that is used when something is suddenly seen or understood. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) +This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) # our eyes have seen it diff --git a/psa/037/032.md b/psa/037/032.md index 5aa48dee97..7ac0d59b53 100644 --- a/psa/037/032.md +++ b/psa/037/032.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person +# The wicked person ... the righteous person -These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) +These words refer to any wicked or righteous person or to wicked and righteous people in general, not to specific people. Alternate translation: "Wicked people ... righteous people" or "Any wicked person" or "any righteous person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) # watches the righteous person diff --git a/psa/037/033.md b/psa/037/033.md index 80fdc4a1b9..e16a1a197a 100644 --- a/psa/037/033.md +++ b/psa/037/033.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ -# The wicked person ... the righteous person ... the evil person - -These are not specific people. They refer to these kinds of people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) - # the evil person's hand -Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "the power of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +These words refer to the hand of any evil person, not of any specific person. Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "evil people's hands" or "the power of the evil person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # when he is judged diff --git a/psa/038/013.md b/psa/038/013.md index 77d63c7e34..bf39c5af94 100644 --- a/psa/038/013.md +++ b/psa/038/013.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear +# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing -The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) -# I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply +# I am like a mute man ... says nothing -The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) # a mute man diff --git a/psa/038/014.md b/psa/038/014.md index 66b06231ab..2abf6601cc 100644 --- a/psa/038/014.md +++ b/psa/038/014.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing ... does not hear +# does not hear -The first lines of verse 13 and 14 use a simile to present the same image of the deaf man. The writer is so sick that he cannot hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) -# I am like a mute man ... says nothing ... has no reply +# has no reply -The second lines of verses 13 and 14 use a simile to present the image of the mute man. The writer is so sick that he cannot speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) +The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile) diff --git a/psa/040/014.md b/psa/040/014.md index 61cdf085cf..25950e4448 100644 --- a/psa/040/014.md +++ b/psa/040/014.md @@ -1,20 +1,27 @@ -# Let them ... who pursue my life to take it away +# Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed who pursue my life to take it away -This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Please make those who are trying to kill me become shamed and disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let those who pursue my life to take it awy be ashamed and completely disappointed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + +# Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed + +"Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed" # who pursue my life to take it away Here "pursue my life" means they desire to kill the writer. The writer is represented by his "life." Alternate translation: "who are trying to kill me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) -# Let them ... who delight in hurting me +# Let them be turned back and brought to dishonor, those who delight in hurting me -This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Please stop those who delight in hurting me and dishonor them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let those who delight in hurting me be turned back and brought to dishonor" or "Please have someone turn back those who delight in hurting me and bring them to dishonor" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # turned back -To be stopped or thwarted is spoken of as being turned back from their attack. Alternate translation: "stopped" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +"unable to continue" -# Let them ... who say to me, "Aha, aha!" +# Let them be shocked because of their shame, those who say to me, "Aha, aha!" "Let those who say to me, 'Aha, aha!' be shocked because of their shame" +# Aha, aha! +These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in [Psalms 35:21](../035/021.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) + diff --git a/psa/041/001.md b/psa/041/001.md index e67de16e64..fd1b473e61 100644 --- a/psa/041/001.md +++ b/psa/041/001.md @@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing "This is for the director of music to use in worship." -# he ... him ... his +# he who is concerned for the weak ... rescue him -These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. +The words "he" and "him" refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak. # the weak diff --git a/psa/065/010.md b/psa/065/010.md index 12a31d1743..a58865d9b6 100644 --- a/psa/065/010.md +++ b/psa/065/010.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# You ... your +# You ... you ... you ... you -The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh. +The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so these words are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # its furrows diff --git a/psa/065/011.md b/psa/065/011.md index 15e4db8249..0834bd945c 100644 --- a/psa/065/011.md +++ b/psa/065/011.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # You ... your -The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh. +The words "You" and "your" refer to Yahweh and so are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # You crown the year with your goodness diff --git a/psa/082/003.md b/psa/082/003.md index e9c836a56a..becef433b2 100644 --- a/psa/082/003.md +++ b/psa/082/003.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -# the poor and fatherless +# poor ... fatherless ... afflicted ... destitute -Here "the poor" and "fatherless" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor and those who are orphans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +These words are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor ... those who are fatherless ... those who are afflicted ... those who are destitute" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) # maintain the rights of the -"do what is right for the " +"do what is right for the" -# the afflicted and destitute +# Here "the afflicted" and "destitute" are nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are suffering and those who have nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) diff --git a/psa/082/004.md b/psa/082/004.md index 6818c865f1..3451e71942 100644 --- a/psa/082/004.md +++ b/psa/082/004.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# the poor and needy ... the wicked +# poor ... needy ... wicked -These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor and those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) +These are all nominal adjectives. They can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: "those who are poor ... those who are needy ... those who are wicked" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) # take them out of the hand of the wicked diff --git a/psa/083/009.md b/psa/083/009.md index 3bd41b11ae..3fd85dc414 100644 --- a/psa/083/009.md +++ b/psa/083/009.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Do to them ... for the earth +# Do to them as you did to Midian ... Sisera and to Jabin The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/psa/083/010.md b/psa/083/010.md index 9742c4284d..51f9af594e 100644 --- a/psa/083/010.md +++ b/psa/083/010.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Do to them ... for the earth - -The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) - # Endor This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) diff --git a/psa/090/005.md b/psa/090/005.md index dd93e11198..2220a2c1f1 100644 --- a/psa/090/005.md +++ b/psa/090/005.md @@ -6,7 +6,4 @@ God causing people to die suddenly is spoken of as if he swept them away with a This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) -# in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up - -The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) diff --git a/psa/090/006.md b/psa/090/006.md index 973cc3ffbc..a73a8daaf7 100644 --- a/psa/090/006.md +++ b/psa/090/006.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# in the morning they are like the grass ... in the evening it withers and dries up - -The people are being compared to grass to emphasize that people do not live a very long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) - # it blooms and grows up Both of these phrases refer to how the grass grows. Alternate translation: "it begins to grow and develop" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/psa/091/005.md b/psa/091/005.md index b6eb49576f..43e5851e18 100644 --- a/psa/091/005.md +++ b/psa/091/005.md @@ -10,7 +10,3 @@ These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. ( "Arrow" here is a metonym for the people who shoot the arrows. Alternate translation: "people attacking you with arrows during the day" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# in the darkness ... at noontime - -These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) - diff --git a/psa/098/003.md b/psa/098/003.md index 8830a75240..3114363dd2 100644 --- a/psa/098/003.md +++ b/psa/098/003.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ "remembers." See how "call to mind" is translated in [Psalms 20:3](../020/003.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# all the ends of the earth ... all the earth +# all the ends of the earth -These are metonyms for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "people from all over the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # will see the victory of our God diff --git a/psa/098/004.md b/psa/098/004.md index fcfe3901c6..0bd03e6ef8 100644 --- a/psa/098/004.md +++ b/psa/098/004.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# all the ends of the earth ... all the earth +# all the earth -These are metonyms for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "people from all over the world ... all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate translation: "all people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # burst into song diff --git a/psa/098/007.md b/psa/098/007.md index b54bfe981f..d3f4684c26 100644 --- a/psa/098/007.md +++ b/psa/098/007.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ # Let the sea shout and everything in it -The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. Alternate translation: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks as if the sea were a person who could shout to God. Alternate translation: "Let it be as if the sea and everything in it were shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # the world and those who live in it -The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. Alternate translation: "and let the world and those who live in it shout" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The psalmist speaks as if the world were a person. Alternate translation: "and let it be as if the world and those who live in it were shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) -# the world ... the nations +# the world -These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/psa/098/008.md b/psa/098/008.md index b9ca1880b9..c3eaf0202f 100644 --- a/psa/098/008.md +++ b/psa/098/008.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy The psalmist speaks as if the rivers and mountains were people who could clap and shout. Alternate translation: "Let it be as though the rivers are clapping their hands and mountains were shouting for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) - -# the world ... the nations - -These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/psa/098/009.md b/psa/098/009.md index 0ef946b692..657f88e08a 100644 --- a/psa/098/009.md +++ b/psa/098/009.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ -# the world ... the nations - -These phrases are metonyms for "the people in the world" and "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - # the nations with fairness The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: "he will judge the nations with fairness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) +# the nations + +This is a metonym for "the people who live in the nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) + # with fairness "honestly" or "using the same standard for everyone" diff --git a/psa/105/001.md b/psa/105/001.md index 866fb36d0b..fd855c7639 100644 --- a/psa/105/001.md +++ b/psa/105/001.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) -# call on his name ... Boast in his holy name +# call on his name -Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # the nations diff --git a/psa/105/003.md b/psa/105/003.md index 54b774e2a8..14a7397452 100644 --- a/psa/105/003.md +++ b/psa/105/003.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# call on his name ... Boast in his holy name +# Boast in his holy name -Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "call on him ... Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "name" represents Yahweh. Alternate translation: "Boast in Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) # let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice diff --git a/psa/132/013.md b/psa/132/013.md index 93670adf00..ecce9d4f27 100644 --- a/psa/132/013.md +++ b/psa/132/013.md @@ -2,15 +2,10 @@ "He", "my" and "I" refer to Yahweh and "her" refers to Zion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) -# Zion ... her ... her +# Zion ... her The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # he has desired her for his seat -Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# he has desired her for his seat - -"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." This shows the actual participants. - +"Yahweh has desired Zion for Yahweh's seat." Here "seat" represents either 1) his throne where he would rule, or 2) the place where he would stay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/psa/132/014.md b/psa/132/014.md index 9e10c2567e..ead5c0ec9e 100644 --- a/psa/132/014.md +++ b/psa/132/014.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# Zion ... her ... her +# her -The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The author writes as though the city of Zion ([Psalms 132:13](./013.md)) were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # my resting place diff --git a/psa/135/001.md b/psa/135/001.md index 8efaa0dc4a..a30d68aa73 100644 --- a/psa/135/001.md +++ b/psa/135/001.md @@ -5,8 +5,3 @@ Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing # Praise the name of Yahweh Yahweh's name represents him. "Praise Yahweh" or "Praise him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# Yahweh ... our God - -Make sure that people can understand that the phrase "our God" refers to Yahweh. - diff --git a/psa/135/002.md b/psa/135/002.md index 703a58049a..85d86c964e 100644 --- a/psa/135/002.md +++ b/psa/135/002.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# Yahweh ... our God +# our God -Make sure that people can understand that the phrase "our God" refers to Yahweh. +These words refer to Yahweh ([Psalms 135:1](./001.md)). diff --git a/rev/01/04.md b/rev/01/04.md index b48a98f4fc..d5eee1be5c 100644 --- a/rev/01/04.md +++ b/rev/01/04.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is the beginning of John's letter. Here he names himself as the writer and greets the people he is writing to. -# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits ... and from Jesus Christ +# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits -This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... and Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) # from the one who is diff --git a/rev/01/05.md b/rev/01/05.md index eaa3e77c55..8bc295ae91 100644 --- a/rev/01/05.md +++ b/rev/01/05.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# May grace be to you and peace from the one who is ... and from the seven spirits +# and from Jesus Christ -This is a wish or blessing. John speaks as if these were things that God could give, although they are really ways in which he hopes God will act for his people. Alternate translation: "May he who is ... and the seven spirits ... treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) +This continues the blessing from [Revelation 1:4] (./04.md). "May grace be to you and peace also from Jesus Christ" or "and may Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" # the firstborn from the dead diff --git a/rev/01/06.md b/rev/01/06.md index 2675c0fab9..5ce37c7896 100644 --- a/rev/01/06.md +++ b/rev/01/06.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# and from Jesus Christ - -This continues the blessing from [Revelation 1:5] (./05.md). "May grace be to you and peace also from Jesus Christ" or "and may Jesus Christ treat you kindly and enable you to live peacefully and securely" - # has made us a kingdom, priests "has set us apart and begun to rule over us and he has made us priests" diff --git a/rev/06/10.md b/rev/06/10.md index b1bbcc7082..8e6ef1e431 100644 --- a/rev/06/10.md +++ b/rev/06/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # avenge our blood The word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate translation: "punish those who killed us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - -# until the full number ... were to be killed - -This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. - diff --git a/rev/06/11.md b/rev/06/11.md index 115882db80..2841b45412 100644 --- a/rev/06/11.md +++ b/rev/06/11.md @@ -1,7 +1,11 @@ -# until the full number ... were to be killed +# until the full number of their fellow servants and their brothers and sisters was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed This implies that God had decided that a certain number of people should be killed by their enemies. +# until the full number of their fellow servants ... sisters was reached who were to be killed, just as they had been killed + +This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "until people had killed the full number of their fellow servants ... sisters whom God had decided people would kill, just as people had killed their fellow servants ... sisters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) + # their fellow servants and their brothers and sisters This is one group of people described in two ways: as servants and as brothers and sisters. Alternate translation: "their brothers and sisters who serve God with them" or "their fellow believers who serve God with them" diff --git a/rev/07/15.md b/rev/07/15.md index f9c0c73384..111e6bde09 100644 --- a/rev/07/15.md +++ b/rev/07/15.md @@ -13,8 +13,3 @@ These two parts of the day are used together to mean "all the time" or "without # will spread his tent over them "will put his tent up over them." Protecting them is spoken of as if he were giving them shelter to live under. Alternate translation: "will shelter them" or "will protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - -# For the Lamb ... will be their shepherd - -The elder speaks of the Lamb's care for his people as if it were a shepherd's care for his sheep. Alternate translation: "For the Lamb ... will be like a shepherd to them" or "For the Lamb ... will care for them as a shepherd cares for his sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) - diff --git a/rev/09/14.md b/rev/09/14.md index 9fdc327ccd..e7f65a4c77 100644 --- a/rev/09/14.md +++ b/rev/09/14.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ The voice refers to the speaker. Alternate translation: "The speaker said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) -# The four angels who had been prepared for ... that year, were released +# the four angels who are bound -This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "The angel released the four angels who had been prepared for ... that year" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +The text does not say who has bound the angels, but it implies that God told someone to bind them. This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: "the four angels whom God has commanded them to bind" or "the four angels whom God has commanded someone to bind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/rom/02/25.md b/rom/02/25.md index f1420ba9fd..51fd68541f 100644 --- a/rom/02/25.md +++ b/rom/02/25.md @@ -13,8 +13,3 @@ Paul continues to show that God, by his law, condemns even the Jews who have God # your circumcision becomes uncircumcision "it is as though you were no longer circumcised" - -# will not his uncircumcision be considered as circumcision? And will not the one who is naturally uncircumcised condemn you ... the law? - -Paul asks two questions here to emphasize that circumcision is not what makes one right before God. You can translate these questions as statements in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will consider him as circumcised. The one who is not physically circumcised will condemn you ... the law." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - diff --git a/rom/04/08.md b/rom/04/08.md index 2b965f02cc..139597f9cb 100644 --- a/rom/04/08.md +++ b/rom/04/08.md @@ -1,5 +1,2 @@ -# whose sins are covered -The same concept that is stated as "whose lawless deeds are forgiven ... whose sins are covered" in Romans 4:7 (./07.md) is stated in yet another way here. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whose sins the Lord has covered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - diff --git a/rom/09/19.md b/rom/09/19.md index cb5ee5bc0b..f762ff91b2 100644 --- a/rom/09/19.md +++ b/rom/09/19.md @@ -4,9 +4,12 @@ Paul is talking to the critics of his teaching as though he were only talking to # Why does he still find fault? For who has ever withstood his will? -These are rhetorical questions that Paul uses to add emphasis. You can translate all of these questions as strong statements. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +These rhetorical questions are complaints against God. You can translate them as strong statements. Alternate translation: "He should not find fault with us. No one has ever been able to withstand his will." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # he ... his The words "he" and "his" here refer to God. +# has ... withstood his will + +"has ... stopped him from doing what he wanted to do" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/rom/09/20.md b/rom/09/20.md index 47263feec9..cfc2957a8d 100644 --- a/rom/09/20.md +++ b/rom/09/20.md @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -# Will what has been molded say ... daily use? +# Will what has been molded say to the one who molds it, "Why ... way?" -Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks these questions to emphasize his point. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +Paul uses the potter's right to make any kind of container he wants from the clay as a metaphor for the creator's right to do whatever he wants with his creation. Paul asks questions to emphasize his point. This can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "What a person has molded should never say to the one who molds it, 'Why ... way?'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) # Why did you make me this way? -The word "you" here refers to God. Paul uses this question to add emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "God, you should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) +This question is a rebuke and can be translated as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "You should not have made me this way!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) diff --git a/rut/04/18.md b/rut/04/18.md index b85e632d34..73e17458df 100644 --- a/rut/04/18.md +++ b/rut/04/18.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # the descendants of Perez "the successive descendants." Because it was mentioned earlier that Perez was the son of Judah, the writer continues listing the family line that came from Perez. - -# Hezron ... Ram - -(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - diff --git a/sng/06/09.md b/sng/06/09.md index f303039a13..04d53bc1aa 100644 --- a/sng/06/09.md +++ b/sng/06/09.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: "her mother's special daughter" # young women ... queens ... concubines -the women spoken of in verse 8 +the women spoken of in [Song of Songs 6:8](./08.md). # called her blessed diff --git a/zec/01/10.md b/zec/01/10.md index 7bd13da9a0..2243416c0f 100644 --- a/zec/01/10.md +++ b/zec/01/10.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ These phrases refer to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees ... the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# These are those ... They answered ... they said +# These are those -The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The word "these" refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # to roam throughout the earth diff --git a/zec/01/11.md b/zec/01/11.md index cffbc9a8d6..b68c7e2876 100644 --- a/zec/01/11.md +++ b/zec/01/11.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the man who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) -# These are those ... They answered ... they said +# They answered ... they said -The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) +The word "they" refers to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) # all the earth sits still and is at rest diff --git a/zec/01/12.md b/zec/01/12.md index cb72682783..2c0cd07bfe 100644 --- a/zec/01/12.md +++ b/zec/01/12.md @@ -1,9 +1,3 @@ -# the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees - -This phrase refers to the man who "was riding on a red horse" in [Zechariah 1:8](./08.md). Possible meanings are 1) the man dismounted his horse and stood or 2) the word "stood" is an idiom that means he was located in that position. Alternate translation: "the angel of Yahweh who was among the myrtle trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) - - - # to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah Here the words "Jerusalem" and "cities" refer to the people who live in those cities. Alternate translation: "to the people of Jerusalem and to the people of the cities of Judah" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/zec/07/03.md b/zec/07/03.md index af3956ab29..c63ae2147f 100644 --- a/zec/07/03.md +++ b/zec/07/03.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Kislev (which was the ninth month) - -"Kislev" is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourth day of Kislev is near the end of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) - # They spoke ... they said The word "they" refers to Sharezer and Regem Melek. diff --git a/zec/11/07.md b/zec/11/07.md index 39fddcb5e6..f6a3f92dd7 100644 --- a/zec/11/07.md +++ b/zec/11/07.md @@ -5,8 +5,3 @@ # Favor Other versions of the Bible translate this word as "grace," "beauty," or "pleasant." - -# the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the sheep that are perishing—let them perish" or "the sheep that are to wander and get lost—let them get lost" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) - diff --git a/zep/01/15.md b/zep/01/15.md index 6f2db068a9..ff5a8be5bb 100644 --- a/zep/01/15.md +++ b/zep/01/15.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # That day ... a day -These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in verse 14. - -# That day will be a day of fury ... battlements - -Verses 15-16 have multiple figures of speech that together emphasize the destructive nature of this final judgment by God. +These phrases refer back to the "day of Yahweh" in [Zephaniah 1:14](./14.md). # a day of distress and anguish diff --git a/zep/01/16.md b/zep/01/16.md index eef38a611d..3c8c8971f7 100644 --- a/zep/01/16.md +++ b/zep/01/16.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# That day will be a day of fury ... battlements - -Verses 15-16 have multiple figures of speech that together emphasize the destructive nature of this final judgment by God. - # a day of trumpets and alarms The words "trumpets" and "alarms" mean basically the same thing here. Both are means to call soldiers to prepare for battle. Alternate translation: "a day when people sound the alarm for battle" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) diff --git a/zep/02/02.md b/zep/02/02.md index 4c7cc63141..fd874d7eb6 100644 --- a/zep/02/02.md +++ b/zep/02/02.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This phrase refers to the punishment that will happen as a result of Yahweh's decree. Alternate translation: "before Yahweh punishes you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) -# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh ... the day of Yahweh's wrath +# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh -These phrases all refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md). +These phrases refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md). # that day passes like the chaff diff --git a/zep/02/03.md b/zep/02/03.md index 7e1ef0b994..49869f33d2 100644 --- a/zep/02/03.md +++ b/zep/02/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# that day ... the day of the wrath of Yahweh ... the day of Yahweh's wrath +# the day of Yahweh's wrath -These phrases all refer to the "day of Yahweh." Translate these phrases as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md). +This phrase refers to the "day of Yahweh." Translate it as you did similar phrases in [Zephaniah 1:7-9](../01/07.md). # Seek Yahweh diff --git a/zep/02/10.md b/zep/02/10.md index 9de3a16215..046232a5dd 100644 --- a/zep/02/10.md +++ b/zep/02/10.md @@ -1,8 +1,3 @@ # General Information: In 2:4-15, Yahweh announces his judgment on the nations that surround Judah. - -# they taunted and mocked the people of Yahweh of hosts ... he will taunt all the gods of the earth - -Yahweh is speaking with irony. He will taunt the worthless gods in the same way that the people who served those gods had taunted Yahweh's people. - diff --git a/zep/02/11.md b/zep/02/11.md index 64b0583f8c..139597f9cb 100644 --- a/zep/02/11.md +++ b/zep/02/11.md @@ -1,4 +1,2 @@ -# they taunted and mocked the people of Yahweh of hosts ... he will taunt all the gods of the earth -Yahweh is speaking with irony. He will taunt the worthless gods in the same way that the people who served those gods had taunted Yahweh's people.