PDF Isaiah 1-14 partial

isa/02/09.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 In 2:9 Isaiah finishes speaking to Yahweh. In 2:10-11 Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah. Both times he speaks in the form of a poem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
-# The people will be bowed down, and individuals will be brought down
+# People bow low, and men abase themselves
 
-Here being low to the ground represents people who are completely humiliated because they realize all they trusted in is worthless, and they can do nothing to help themselves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God will make the people ashamed, and they will realize that all they trusted in is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+Possible meanings are 1) this continues the thought of [Isaiah 9:8](../09/08.md) and describes how the people worship their idols or 2) this is the beginning of Isaiah's description of how Yahweh will punish the idolators. Alternate translation: "The people will be brought low, and the men will be abased" or "God will make the people ashamed, and they will realize that all they trusted in is worthless" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # The people
 

isa/02/11.md

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 "Yahweh will bring down the lofty gaze of man." A man with a "lofty gaze" is looking above everyone to show them that he is better than they are. Here all people are guilty of thinking they are better than Yahweh, and the way they look at those who worship Yahweh, is a metonym for their pride. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will make ashamed all people because they think they are better than he is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# the haughtiness of men will be brought down
+# abased
 
-"The haughtiness of men" here is a metonym for haughty people, and being "brought down" is a metaphor for being humbled or ashamed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will bring down haughty men" or "Yahweh will make haughty people ashamed of themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 2:9](../02/09.md).
+
+# the haughtiness of men will be abased
+
+"The haughtiness of men" here is a metonym for haughty people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will abase haughty men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # Yahweh alone will be exalted
 

isa/02/12.md

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ One who is "raised up" is proud and considers himself better than other people.
 
 Someone who is arrogant speaks and acts as if he is better than other people. These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-doublet]])
 
-# he will be brought down
+# he will be abased
 
-"every proud person will be brought down." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will humble him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+"every proud person will be abased." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will abase him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+
+# abased
+
+See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 2:9](../02/09.md).
 

isa/02/17.md

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ Isaiah speaks to the people of Judah in the form of a poem. He continues to desc
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "He will bring low every proud man" or "He will humiliate every proud man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
-# the haughtiness of men will fall
+# brought down ... abased
+
+See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/11.md).
+
+# the haughtiness of men will be abased
 
 The abstract noun "haughtiness" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "those people who are haughty will stop being haughty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 

isa/05/15.md

@@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
-# Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled
+# People bow low, and men abase themselves
 
-The phrases used together mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:9](../02/09.md). Alternate translation: "God will make every person bow down and be humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+See how you translated these words in [Isaiah 2:9](../02/09.md), where Isaiah seems to be speaking of the past. Here, he speaks of future events as if they have already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]])
 
-# Man will be forced to bend down, and mankind will be humbled
+# the eyes of the lofty will be abased
-
-Future events are spoken of as if they have already happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-pastforfuture]])
-
-# Man will be forced to bend down
-
-Bending down often symbolizes being humiliated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
-
-# the eyes of the lofty will be cast down
 
 Looking down is often a sign of being ashamed. See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: "the eyes of proud people will look down in shame" or "people who were proud are now ashamed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

isa/05/26.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# He will lift up a signal flag for far away nations and will whistle for those at the end of the earth
+# He will lift up a signal flag for faraway nations and will whistle for those at the end of the earth
 
 Isaiah says the same thing in two different ways. God causing the armies of nations that are far away from Judah to come and attack is spoken of as if he would raise a flag and whistle to call them to Judah Alternate translation: "He will call for the armies of nations that are far away from Judah and tell them to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/11/10.md

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 This refers to Jesse's and King David's descendant who would become the king that was told about in [Isaiah 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "Jesse's descendant king" or "the king descended from Jesse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# will stand as a banner for the peoples
+# will stand as a signal flag for the peoples
 
-A banner is a flag that a king would raise as a sign for people to see it and come to him. Alternate translation: "will be like a sign for the peoples" or "will attract the peoples to come to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+"will attract the peoples to come to him"
+
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
 
 # The nations
 

isa/11/12.md

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-# He will set up a banner for the nations
+# He will set up a signal flag for the nations
 
-Possible meanings are 1) "The Lord will set up the king as a banner for the nations" or 2) "The king will set up a banner for the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Possible meanings are 1) "The Lord will set up the king as a signal flag for the nations" or 2) "The king will set up a signal flag for the nations" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# a banner for the nations
+# a signal flag for the nations
 
 "a flag for the nations to see" or "a flag to call the nations to himself"
 
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
+
 # the dispersed of Judah
 
 "the people of Judah who had been scattered around the world"

isa/11/14.md

@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@
 
 The people of Israel and Judah are pictured as if they were birds that fly down quickly to attack a person or animal. Alternate translation: "they will go quickly to the Philistine hills to attack the people there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# attack Edom
+
+Another possible meanings is "rule over Edom."

isa/12/05.md

@@ -2,3 +2,7 @@
 
 Isaiah continues to tell what the people will say when the king rules.
 
+# Praise Yahweh in song
+
+"Sing songs of praise to Yahweh"
+

isa/13/02.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
+
 # cry aloud to them
 
 The word "them" refers to soldiers from another country.

isa/18/03.md

@@ -6,14 +6,18 @@ Verse 3 tells what the messengers in [Isaiah 18:2](../18/02.md) must say to the
 
 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "All you people on the earth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
-# when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look; and when the trumpet is blown, listen
+# when a signal flag is lifted up on the mountains, look; and when the trumpet is blown, listen
 
-The signal and trumpet were to call people to battle. The commands to look and listen are commands to pay attention and prepare for battle. Alternate translation: "pay attention when the signal is lifted up on the mountains and the trumpet is blown"
+The signal flag and trumpet were to call people to battle. The commands to look and listen are commands to pay attention and prepare for battle. Alternate translation: "pay attention when the signal flag is lifted up on the mountains and the trumpet is blown"
 
-# when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look
+# when a signal flag is lifted up on the mountains, look
 
 The signal was a flag used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "pay attention when you see the battle flag on the mountains" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
+
 # when the trumpet is blown, listen
 
 The trumpets were used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "pay attention when you hear the sound of the battle trumpets" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])

isa/25/12.md

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-# Your high fortress walls he will bring down to the ground, to the dust
+# Your high fortress walls he will bring down, he will abase, he will cause to fall
 
-This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. Alternate translation: "He will send an army to bring your high fortress walls to the ground, to the dust" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+This speaks of Yahweh causing armies to bring down the walls as if he himself were going to bring them down. To "abase" the "wall" is a metonym for humiliating the Moabites by destroying the walls they were proud of. Alternate translation: "He will send an army to humiliate you by bringing down your high fortress walls and making them fall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # Your high fortress
 
 Here "Your" refers to the people of Moab. It can be stated in third person to be consistent with the previous verse. Alternate translation: "Their high fortress" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-123person]])
 
+# bring down ... abase
+
+See how you translated similar words in [Isaiah 2:11](../02/11.md).
+
+98

isa/29/04.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# You will be brought down
+# You will be abased
 
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Your enemy will bring you down" or "Your enemy will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Your enemy will humble you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 
-# will speak from the ground; your speech will be low from the dust. Your voice will sound like a spirit that speaks from the ground, and out of the dust your speech will whisper
+# your speech will be bowed down from the dust
 
-All of these statements mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that the people who once spoke with proud words will be weak and grieving after the enemy defeats them. Alternate translation: "you will only be able to speak with weak whispers like a spirit speaking from where dead people dwell" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
+"you will speak with a quiet voice from the dust" or "you will be talking as you lie facedown in the dust"
 

isa/30/17.md

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@ The word "solider" is understood. Alternate translation: "One thousand soldiers
 
 "1,000" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-numbers]])
 
-# until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like a flag on a hill
+# until your remnant will be like a flagstaff on the top of a mountain, or like a signal flag on a hill
 
-This simile means there will be so few people left that they will be like a single flag on top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+This simile means there will be so few people left that they will be like a single signal flag on top of a hill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
 

isa/31/09.md

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ The word "confidence" can be expressed with the adjective "confident." The word
 
 "their leaders"
 
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
+
 # whose fire is in Zion and whose firepot is in Jerusalem
 
 Both of these clauses mean the same thing and are used together for emphasis. Here God's presence and his power to judge and destroy are spoken of as if they were a fire. Alternate translation: "whose powerful presence is in Zion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

isa/49/22.md

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Yahweh continues speaking to Zion as if it were a woman. He explains how she is
 
 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: "I will raise my hand and signal with a flag for the people of the nations to come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
+
 # They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders
 
 Yahweh speaks of the people who will inhabit Jerusalem as if they were the city's children. He also speaks of the people of other nations helping the Israelites to return to Jerusalem as if they were carrying the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])

isa/62/10.md

@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ The word "build" is repeated to emphasize that Yahweh urgently wants the road pr
 
 A signal flag represents something to draw the attention of others. This means Yahweh is calling the people of the other nations to take notice of the land of Israel and to see what Yahweh has accomplished as he said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
+# signal flag
+
+See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:26](../05/26.md).
+