This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
# the leaders among the Jews
These are the Jewish civil or religious leaders present in Rome.
# Brothers
Here this means "Fellow Jews."
# against the people
"against our people" or "against the Jews"
# I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "some of the Jews arrested me in Jerusalem and placed me in the custody of the Roman authorities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])