This refers to the people of Israel, who are descendants of Jacob, who also called Israel. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
This refers to the priests, who are descendants of Aaron. AT: "the descendants of Aaron" or "the priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
# both young and old
"both small and great." Possible meanings are that this refers 1) to social status or 2) to age. In either case, the two extremes represent every person, regardless of age or social status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
# May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more
The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. AT: "May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
# yours and your descendants'
"both your children and your descendants' children." The writer clarifies that his request for more children applies not only to the present generation, but to their descendants, as well.