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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Cultural models are mental pictures of parts of life or behavior. These pictures
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The Bible often speaks of God as if he were a shepherd and his people were sheep. This is a cultural model.
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<blockquote>Yahweh is my shepherd; I will lack nothing. (Psalm 23:1 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Yahweh is my shepherd; I will lack nothing. (Psalm 23:1 ULB)
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>He led his own people out like sheep and guided them through the wilderness like a flock. (Psalm 78:52 ULB)
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ A fowler is a person who catches birds, and a snare is a small trap.
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#### BIRDS THAT EAT MEAT represent enemies who attack swiftly
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In Habakkuk and Hosea, Israel's enemies who would come and attack them were compared to an eagle.
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<blockquote> and their horsemen come from a great distance—they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat! (Habakkuk 1:8 ULB) </blockquote>
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> and their horsemen come from a great distance—they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat! (Habakkuk 1:8 ULB)
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>An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh.
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>... Israel has rejected what is good,
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@ -75,17 +75,17 @@ In Matthew, John the Baptist called the religious leaders poisonous snakes becau
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>so that your youth is renewed like the eagle. (Psalm 103:5 ULB)
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<blockquote>For Yahweh says this, "See, the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings over Moab." (Isaiah 48:40 ULB) </blockquote>
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>For Yahweh says this, "See, the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings over Moab." (Isaiah 48:40 ULB)
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#### SHEEP or a FLOCK OF SHEEP represents people who need to be led or are in danger
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>My people have been a lost flock. Their shepherds have led them astray in the mountains. (Jeremiah 50:6 ULB)
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<blockquote>He led his own people out like sheep and guided them through the wilderness like a flock. (Psalm 78:52 ULB) </blockquote>
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>He led his own people out like sheep and guided them through the wilderness like a flock. (Psalm 78:52 ULB)
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>Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions. First the king of Assyria devoured him;
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>then after this, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon broke his bones. (Jeremiah 50:17 ULB)
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<blockquote>See, I send you out as sheep in the midst of wolves, so be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves. Watch out for people! They will deliver you up to councils, and they will whip you in their synagogues. (Matthew 10:16 ULB) </blockquote>
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>See, I send you out as sheep in the midst of wolves, so be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves. Watch out for people! They will deliver you up to councils, and they will whip you in their synagogues. (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some images from the Bible related to farming are listed below. The word in all
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>He built a tower in the middle of it, and also built a winepress.
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>He waited for it to produce grapes, but it produced wild grapes. (Isaiah 5:1-2)
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<blockquote> For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. (Matthew 20:1 ULB)</blockquote>
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> For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. (Matthew 20:1 ULB)
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>There was a man, a person with extensive land. He planted a vineyard, set a hedge about it, dug a winepress in it, built a watchtower, and rented it out to vine growers. Then he went into another country. (Matthew 21:33 ULB)
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@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Some images from the Bible related to farming are listed below. The word in all
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>For Yahweh says this to each person in Judah and Jerusalem: 'Plow your own ground,
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>and do not sow among thorns. (Jeremiah 4:3 ULB)
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<blockquote>When anyone hears the word of the kingdom but does not understand it.... This is the seed that was sown beside the road. What was sown on rocky ground is the person who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy....What was sown among the thorn plants, this is the person who hears the word, but the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word.... What was sown on the good soil, this is the person who hears the word and understands it. (Matthew 13:19-23 ULB)</blockquote>
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>When anyone hears the word of the kingdom but does not understand it.... This is the seed that was sown beside the road. What was sown on rocky ground is the person who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy....What was sown among the thorn plants, this is the person who hears the word, but the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word.... What was sown on the good soil, this is the person who hears the word and understands it. (Matthew 13:19-23 ULB)
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>Break up your unplowed ground,
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>for it is time to seek Yahweh.... (Hosea 10:12 ULB)
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ After farmers harvest wheat and other types of grain, they bring them to a _thre
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>So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land. I will bereave them. I will destroy my people since they will not turn from their ways. (Jeremiah 15:7 ULB)
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<blockquote> His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse. But he will burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out. (Luke 3:17 ULB)</blockquote>
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> His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse. But he will burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out. (Luke 3:17 ULB)
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#### GRAFTING represents God's allowing the Gentiles to become his people
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ After farmers harvest wheat and other types of grain, they bring them to a _thre
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>...he comes and rains righteousness on you. (Hosea 10:12 ULB)
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<blockquote>For the land that drinks in the rain that often comes on it, and that gives birth to the plants useful to those for whom the land was worked—this is the land that receives a blessing from God. But if it bears thorns and thistles, it is worthless and is near to a curse. Its end is in burning. (Hebrews 6:7-8 ULB)</blockquote>
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>For the land that drinks in the rain that often comes on it, and that gives birth to the plants useful to those for whom the land was worked—this is the land that receives a blessing from God. But if it bears thorns and thistles, it is worthless and is near to a curse. Its end is in burning. (Hebrews 6:7-8 ULB)
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>Be patient, then, brothers, until the Lord's coming. See how the farmer waits for the precious fruit from the ground and he is patient about it, until it receives the early and late rains. (James 5:7 ULB)
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Some images from the Bible involving body parts and human qualities are listed b
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>Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it. (1 Corinthians 12:27 ULB)
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<blockquote>Instead, speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, that is, Christ. Christ builds the whole body, and it is joined and held together by every supporting ligament, and when each part works together, that makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love. (Ephesians 4:15-16 ULB) </blockquote>
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>Instead, speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in every way into him who is the head, that is, Christ. Christ builds the whole body, and it is joined and held together by every supporting ligament, and when each part works together, that makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in love. (Ephesians 4:15-16 ULB)
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In these verses, the body of Christ represents the group of people who follow Christ.
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ To hide one's face from someone is to ignore him.
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>The famine was over all <u>the face</u> of the whole land. (Genesis 41:56 ULB)
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<blockquote> They cover <u>the face</u> of the earth and they are right now next to me. (Numbers 22:5 ULB) </blockquote>
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> They cover <u>the face</u> of the earth and they are right now next to me. (Numbers 22:5 ULB)
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#### The HAND represents a person's agency or power
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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ To hide one's face from someone is to ignore him.
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>God put all things under Christ's feet and gave him to the church as head over all things. (Ephesians 1:22 ULB)
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<blockquote>Wives should be subject to their own husbands, as to the Lord. For the husband is <u>the head</u> of the wife, as Christ also is <u>the head</u> of the church, and he is the Savior of the body. (Ephesian 5:22-23 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Wives should be subject to their own husbands, as to the Lord. For the husband is <u>the head</u> of the wife, as Christ also is <u>the head</u> of the church, and he is the Savior of the body. (Ephesian 5:22-23 ULB)
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#### A MASTER represents anything that motivates someone to act
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ To serve God is to be motivated by God. To serve money is to be motivated by mon
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>May your God make <u>the name of Solomon</u> better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne." 1 Kings 1:47 (ULB)
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<blockquote> See, I have sworn <u>by my great name</u>—says Yahweh. <u>My name</u> will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt…." (Jeremiah 44:26 ULB) </blockquote>
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> See, I have sworn <u>by my great name</u>—says Yahweh. <u>My name</u> will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt…." (Jeremiah 44:26 ULB)
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If someone's name is great, it means that he is great.
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@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ The fact that the men said they heard a report about Yahweh shows that "because
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>Then…the foundations of the world were exposed at your battle cry, Yahweh—at the blast of the breath of <u>your nostrils</u>. (Psalm 18:15 ULB)
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<blockquote>By the blast of <u>your nostrils</u> the waters were piled up…. (Exodus 15:8 ULB)</blockquote>
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>By the blast of <u>your nostrils</u> the waters were piled up…. (Exodus 15:8 ULB)
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>Smoke went up from out of <u>his nostrils</u>, and blazing fire came out of his mouth…. (2 Samuel 22:9 ULB)
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<blockquote>…This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration: 'My fury will arise in <u>my nostrils</u>!' (Ezekiel 38:18 ULB)</blockquote>
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>…This is the Lord Yahweh's declaration: 'My fury will arise in <u>my nostrils</u>!' (Ezekiel 38:18 ULB)
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A blast of air or smoke coming from someone's nose shows his great anger.
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@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Some images from the Bible involving human behavior are listed below. The word i
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>There Yahweh will rescue you from the hand of your enemies. (Micah 4:10 ULB)
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<blockquote>For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places. But all these things are only the beginning of <u>birth pains</u>. (Matthew 24:7-8 ULB)</blockquote>
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>For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places. But all these things are only the beginning of <u>birth pains</u>. (Matthew 24:7-8 ULB)
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>My little children, I am suffering <u>labor pains</u> for you again, until Christ will have been formed in you! (Galatians 4:19 ULB)
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Noah built an altar to Yahweh. He took some of the <u>clean</u> animals and some
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>He must go out to the altar that is before Yahweh and make atonement for it, and he must take some of the bull's blood and some of the goat's blood and put it on the horns of the altar all around. He must sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times to <u>cleanse</u> it and dedicate it to Yahweh, away from the <u>unclean</u> actions of the people of Israel. (Leviticus 16:18-19 ULB)
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<blockquote>This is because on this day atonement will be made for you, to <u>cleanse</u> you from all your sins so you will be <u>clean</u> before Yahweh. (Leviticus 16:30 ULB)</blockquote>
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>This is because on this day atonement will be made for you, to <u>cleanse</u> you from all your sins so you will be <u>clean</u> before Yahweh. (Leviticus 16:30 ULB)
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#### UNCLEANLINESS represents not being acceptable for God's purposes
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@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Noah built an altar to Yahweh. He took some of the <u>clean</u> animals and some
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>You may eat any animal that has a split hoof and that also chews the cud. However, some animals either chew the cud or have a split hoof, and <u>you must not eat them</u>, animals such as the camel, because it chews the cud but does not have a split hoof. So the camel is <u>unclean</u> for you. (Leviticus 11:3-4 ULB)
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<blockquote>And if any of them dies and falls on anything, that thing will be <u>unclean</u>, whether it is made of wood, cloth, leather, or sackcloth. Whatever it is and whatever it is used for, it must be put into water; it will be <u>unclean</u> until evening. Then it will be <u>clean</u>. (Leviticus 11:32 ULB) </blockquote>
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>And if any of them dies and falls on anything, that thing will be <u>unclean</u>, whether it is made of wood, cloth, leather, or sackcloth. Whatever it is and whatever it is used for, it must be put into water; it will be <u>unclean</u> until evening. Then it will be <u>clean</u>. (Leviticus 11:32 ULB)
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#### MAKING SOMETHING UNCLEAN represents making it unacceptable for God's purposes.
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@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Noah built an altar to Yahweh. He took some of the <u>clean</u> animals and some
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>So you must keep the Sabbath, for it must be treated by you as holy, reserved for him. Everyone who defiles it must surely <u>be put to death</u>. Whoever works on the Sabbath, that person must surely <u>be cut off from his people</u>. (Exodus 31:14-15 ULB)
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<blockquote>Whoever does not humble himself on that day must be <u>cut off from his people</u>. Whoever does any work on that day, <u>I, Yahweh, will destroy him</u> from among his people. (Leviticus 23:29-30 ULB) </blockquote>
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>Whoever does not humble himself on that day must be <u>cut off from his people</u>. Whoever does any work on that day, <u>I, Yahweh, will destroy him</u> from among his people. (Leviticus 23:29-30 ULB)
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>But he was <u>cut off</u> from the land of the living. (Isaiah 53:8 ULB)
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@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ Noah built an altar to Yahweh. He took some of the <u>clean</u> animals and some
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#### COMING AND STANDING BEFORE SOMEONE represents serving him
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<blockquote>How blessed are your people, and how blessed are your servants who constantly <u>stand before you</u>, because they hear your wisdom. (1 Kings 10:8 ULB)</blockquote>
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>How blessed are your people, and how blessed are your servants who constantly <u>stand before you</u>, because they hear your wisdom. (1 Kings 10:8 ULB)
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>Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness <u>come before you</u>. (Psalm 89:14 ULB)
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@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ An example from Deuteronomy.
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#### FALLING UPON or BEING UPON represents affecting
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<blockquote>Yahweh God caused a deep sleep to <u>fall upon</u> the man, so the man slept. (Genesis 2:21 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Yahweh God caused a deep sleep to <u>fall upon</u> the man, so the man slept. (Genesis 2:21 ULB)
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>Would not his majesty make you afraid?
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>Would not his dread <u>fall upon</u> you? (Job 13:11 ULB)
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<blockquote>Then the Spirit of Yahweh <u>fell on me</u> and he said to me… (Ezekiel 11:5 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Then the Spirit of Yahweh <u>fell on me</u> and he said to me… (Ezekiel 11:5 ULB)
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>Now look, the hand of the Lord <u>is upon you</u>, and you will become blind. (Acts 13:11 ULB)
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@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ An example from Deuteronomy.
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>They broke away from Yahweh, the God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt. <u>They went after other gods</u>, the very gods of the peoples who were around them, and they bowed down to them. They provoked Yahweh to anger because they broke away from Yahweh and worshiped Baal and the Ashtoreths.
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<blockquote>For Solomon <u>followed</u> Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians, and <u>he followed</u> Milcom, the disgusting idol of the Ammonites. (1 Kings 11:5 ULB)</blockquote>
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>For Solomon <u>followed</u> Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians, and <u>he followed</u> Milcom, the disgusting idol of the Ammonites. (1 Kings 11:5 ULB)
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>Not one of them who despised me will see it, except for my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit. <u>He has followed me fully</u>; I will bring him into the land which he went to examine. His descendants will possess it. (Numbers 14:23-24 ULB)
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@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ An example from Deuteronomy.
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>See, his reward is <u>with him</u>, and his recompense is <u>going before him</u>. (Isaiah 62:11 ULB)
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<blockquote>Righteousness will <u>go before him</u> and make a way for his footsteps. (Psalm 85:13 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Righteousness will <u>go before him</u> and make a way for his footsteps. (Psalm 85:13 ULB)
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#### INHERITING is permanently possessing something
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@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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#### LYING DOWN represents DYING
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<blockquote>When your days are fulfilled and you <u>lie down with your fathers</u>, I will raise up a descendant after you, (2 Samuel 7:12 ULB)</blockquote>
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>When your days are fulfilled and you <u>lie down with your fathers</u>, I will raise up a descendant after you, (2 Samuel 7:12 ULB)
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>Ask them, 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? <u>Go down and lie</u> with the uncircumcised!'
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@ -226,18 +226,18 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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>This happened so that, as sin <u>ruled</u> in death, even so grace might <u>rule</u> through righteousness for everlasting life through Jesus Christ our Lord. (Romans 5:21 ULB)
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<blockquote>Therefore do not let sin <u>rule</u> in your mortal body in order that you obey its lusts. (Romans 6:12 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Therefore do not let sin <u>rule</u> in your mortal body in order that you obey its lusts. (Romans 6:12 ULB)
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#### RESTING or a RESTING PLACE represents a permanent beneficial situation
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>Naomi her mother-in-law said to her, "My daughter, should I not seek a place for you to <u>rest</u>, so that things may go well for you?" (Ruth 3:1 ULB)
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<blockquote>Therefore I vowed in my anger that they would never enter into my <u>resting place</u>. (Psalm 95:11 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Therefore I vowed in my anger that they would never enter into my <u>resting place</u>. (Psalm 95:11 ULB)
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>This is my <u>resting place</u> forever; I will live here, for I desire her [Zion]. (Psalm 132:14 ULB)
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<blockquote>The nations will seek him out, and his <u>resting place</u> will be glorious. (Isaiah 11:10 ULB)</blockquote>
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>The nations will seek him out, and his <u>resting place</u> will be glorious. (Isaiah 11:10 ULB)
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#### RISING, STANDING UP represents acting
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@ -270,10 +270,10 @@ Noah received righteousness as a permanent possession.
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>Blessed is the man who does not <u>walk</u> in the advice of the wicked. (Psalm 1:1 ULB)
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<blockquote>For Yahweh approves of the <u>way</u> of the righteous. (Psalm 1:6 ULB)</blockquote>
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>For Yahweh approves of the <u>way</u> of the righteous. (Psalm 1:6 ULB)
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>Turn from me the <u>path</u> of deceit. (Psalm 119:28 ULB)
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<blockquote>I will run in the <u>path</u> of your commandments. (Psalm 119:32 ULB)</blockquote>
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>I will run in the <u>path</u> of your commandments. (Psalm 119:32 ULB)
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>It is God who puts strength on me like a <u>belt</u>. (Psalm 18:32 ULB)
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<blockquote>Righteousness will be the <u>belt of his waist</u>, and faithfulness the <u>belt around his hips</u>. (Isaiah 11:5 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Righteousness will be the <u>belt of his waist</u>, and faithfulness the <u>belt around his hips</u>. (Isaiah 11:5 ULB)
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>May my adversaries be <u>clothed with shame</u>; may they <u>wear their shame like a robe</u>. (Psalm 109:29 ULB)
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<blockquote>I will <u>clothe his enemies with shame</u>. (Psalm 132:18 ULB)</blockquote>
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>I will <u>clothe his enemies with shame</u>. (Psalm 132:18 ULB)
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#### A SNARE (A LIGHT TRAP FOR BIRDS WORKED BY CORDS) represents death
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>For he will rescue you from the <u>snare</u> of the hunter. (Psalm 91:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The <u>cords of death</u> surrounded me, and the <u>snares</u> of sheol confronted me. (Psalm 116:3 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The <u>cords of death</u> surrounded me, and the <u>snares</u> of sheol confronted me. (Psalm 116:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>The <u>cords of the wicked</u> have <u>ensnared</u> me. (Psalm 119:61 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The wicked have <u>set a snare</u> for me. (Psalm 119:110 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The wicked have <u>set a snare</u> for me. (Psalm 119:110 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>The wicked is <u>ensnared</u> by his own actions. (Psalm 9:16 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ In this case the snare was a persuasion to do evil, which leads to death.
|
|||
>God will likewise destroy you forever; he will take you up and pluck you out of your tent. (Psalm 52:5 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The house of the wicked will be destroyed, but the tent of the upright will flourish. (Proverbs 14:11 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The house of the wicked will be destroyed, but the tent of the upright will flourish. (Proverbs 14:11 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>A throne will be established in covenant faithfulness, and one from David's tent will faithfully sit there. (Isaiah 16:5 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ These patterns present three challenges to anyone who wants to identify them:
|
|||
|
||||
In 1 Kings 7:50, a lamp trimmer is a tool for trimming the wick on an ordinary lamp. In 2 Samuel 21:17 the lamp of Israel represents King David's life. When his men were concerned that he might "put out the lamp of Israel" they were concerned that he might be killed.
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The cups, <u>lamp</u> trimmers, basins, spoons, and incense burners were all made of pure gold. (1 Kings 7:50 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The cups, <u>lamp</u> trimmers, basins, spoons, and incense burners were all made of pure gold. (1 Kings 7:50 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>Ishbibenob...intended to kill David. But Abishai the son of Zeruiah rescued David, attacked the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, "You must not go to battle anymore with us, so that you do not put out the <u>lamp</u> of Israel." (2 Samuel 21:16-17 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ People do not drink cups. They drink what is in the cup.
|
|||
|
||||
>A fool's <u>mouth</u> is his ruin. (Proverbs 18:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Oh, how I would encourage you with my <u>mouth</u>! (Job 16:5 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>Oh, how I would encourage you with my <u>mouth</u>! (Job 16:5 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>I heard you when you boasted against me with your <u>mouth</u>; you said many things against me. I heard them. (Ezekiel 35:13 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The memory of a person represents his descendants, because they are the ones who
|
|||
>when you overthrew their cities.
|
||||
>All <u>remembrance of them</u> has perished. (Psalm 9:5-6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote> <u>His memory</u> will perish from the earth (Job 18:17 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
> <u>His memory</u> will perish from the earth (Job 18:17 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>Yahweh is against evildoers,
|
||||
>in order to wipe out <u>their memory</u> from the earth. (Psalm 34:16 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Although the Bible explicitly denies that God is a human being, he is often spok
|
|||
|
||||
>If we hear <u>the voice of Yahweh our God</u> any longer, we will die. (Deuteronomy 5:25 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>I have been strengthened by <u>the hand of Yahweh my God</u> (Ezra 7:28 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>I have been strengthened by <u>the hand of Yahweh my God</u> (Ezra 7:28 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
><u>The hand of God</u> also came on Judah, to give them one heart to carry out the command of the king and leaders by the word of Yahweh. (2 Chronicles 30:12 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ He is willing to die in order to save his sheep.
|
|||
>But <u>God will shoot them</u>;
|
||||
>suddenly they will be <u>wounded with his arrows</u>. (Psalm 65:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>For you will turn them back; <u>you will draw your bow</u> before them. (Psalm 21:12 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>For you will turn them back; <u>you will draw your bow</u> before them. (Psalm 21:12 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
#### A leader is modeled as a SHEPHERD and those he leads are modeled as SHEEP
|
||||
|
||||
>Then all the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron and said, "Look...when Saul was king over us, it was you who led the Israelite army. Yahweh said to you, 'You will <u>shepherd</u> my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel.' " (2 Samuel 5:1-2 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote> "Woe to the <u>shepherds</u> who destroy and scatter the <u>sheep</u> of my <u>pasture</u>—this is Yahweh's declaration." (Jeremiah 23:1 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
> "Woe to the <u>shepherds</u> who destroy and scatter the <u>sheep</u> of my <u>pasture</u>—this is Yahweh's declaration." (Jeremiah 23:1 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>Therefore be careful about yourselves, and about all the <u>flock</u> of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be careful to <u>shepherd</u> the assembly of the Lord, which he purchased with his own blood. 29I know that after my departure, vicious wolves will enter in among you, and not spare the <u>flock</u>. I know that from even among your own selves some men shall come and say corrupt things, in order to draw away the disciples after them. (Acts 20:28-30 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ If blood is spilled or shed, someone has been killed.
|
|||
|
||||
>Whoever <u>sheds man's blood</u>, by man will his <u>blood be shed</u>. (Genesis 9:6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>In this way, this person would not die by the hand of the one who wanted to avenge <u>the blood that was shed</u>, until the accused person would first stand before the assembly. (Joshua 20:9 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>In this way, this person would not die by the hand of the one who wanted to avenge <u>the blood that was shed</u>, until the accused person would first stand before the assembly. (Joshua 20:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
If blood cries out, nature itself is crying out for vengeance on a person who killed someone. (This also includes personification, because the blood is pictured as someone that can cry out. See: [Personification](figs-personification))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -144,13 +144,13 @@ The sun is modeled as a disc with wings, which allow it to "fly" through the air
|
|||
|
||||
>If I fly away on <u>the wings of the morning</u> and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea... (Psalm 139:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>But for you who fear my name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing <u>in its wings</u>. (Malachi 4:2 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>But for you who fear my name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing <u>in its wings</u>. (Malachi 4:2 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
The wind moves quickly and is modeled as having wings.
|
||||
|
||||
>He was seen flying on the <u>wings of the wind</u>. (2 Sam. 22:11 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>He rode on a cherub and flew; he glided on the <u>wings of the wind</u>. (Psalm 18:10 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>He rode on a cherub and flew; he glided on the <u>wings of the wind</u>. (Psalm 18:10 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>you walk on the <u>wings of the wind</u> (Psalm 104:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ When there was a war between nations, people believed that the gods of those nat
|
|||
|
||||
>This happened while the Egyptians were burying all their firstborn, those whom Yahweh had killed among them, for <u>he also inflicted punishment on their gods</u>. (Numbers 33:4 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>And what nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?...You drove out nations <u>and their gods</u> from before your people, whom you rescued from Egypt. (2 Samuel 7:23 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>And what nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?...You drove out nations <u>and their gods</u> from before your people, whom you rescued from Egypt. (2 Samuel 7:23 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>The servants of the king of Aram said to him, "<u>Their god is a god of the hills. That is why they were stronger than we were</u>. But now let us fight against them in the plain, and surely there we will be stronger than they." (1 Kings 20:23 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ The verses below are not about real physical boundaries but about difficulties o
|
|||
|
||||
>He has built <u>a wall</u> around me, and I cannot escape. He has made my shackles heavy. (Lamentations 3:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>He has blocked my path with <u>walls of hewn stone</u>; every way I take is crooked. (Lamentations 3:9 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>He has blocked my path with <u>walls of hewn stone</u>; every way I take is crooked. (Lamentations 3:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
><u>Measuring lines</u> have been laid for me in pleasant places. (Psalm 16:6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
|
||||
#### LIGHT represents someone's face (This often combines with FACE represents someone's presence)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Yahweh, lift up the <u>light of your face</u> on us. (Psalm 4:6 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Yahweh, lift up the <u>light of your face</u> on us. (Psalm 4:6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>For they did not obtain the land for their possession by their own sword,
|
||||
|
|
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>because you were favorable to them. (Psalm 44:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>they did not reject the <u>light of my face</u>. (Job 29:24 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>they did not reject the <u>light of my face</u>. (Job 29:24 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>Yahweh, they walk in the <u>light of your face</u>. (Psalm 89:15 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>Because iniquity will be increased, the love of many will <u>be extinguished</u>. (Matthew 24:12 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Surging waters cannot <u>quench</u> love. (Song of Songs 8:7 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Surging waters cannot <u>quench</u> love. (Song of Songs 8:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>For <u>a fire is kindled by my anger</u> and <u>is burning</u> to the lowest sheol. (Deuteronomy 32:22 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Therefore <u>the anger of Yahweh was set on fire</u> against Israel. (Judges 3:8 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Therefore <u>the anger of Yahweh was set on fire</u> against Israel. (Judges 3:8 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>When Yahweh heard this, <u>he was angry</u>; so <u>his fire burned</u> against Jacob, and <u>his anger</u> attacked Israel. (Psalm 78:21 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -53,19 +53,19 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>They say, 'Hand over the man who struck his brother, so that we may put him to death, to pay for the life of his brother whom he killed.' And so they would also destroy the heir. Thus they will put out the <u>burning coal</u> that I have left, and they will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant on the surface of the earth. 2 Samuel 14:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>You must not go to battle anymore with us, so that you do not put out the <u>lamp of Israel</u>. (2 Samuel 21:17 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>You must not go to battle anymore with us, so that you do not put out the <u>lamp of Israel</u>. (2 Samuel 21:17 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>I will give one tribe to Solomon's son, so that David my servant may always have <u>a lamp</u> before me in Jerusalem. (1 Kings 11:36 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Nevertheless for David's sake, Yahweh his God gave him <u>a lamp</u> in Jerusalem by raising up his son after him in order to strengthen Jerusalem. (1 Kings 15:4 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Nevertheless for David's sake, Yahweh his God gave him <u>a lamp</u> in Jerusalem by raising up his son after him in order to strengthen Jerusalem. (1 Kings 15:4 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>Indeed, <u>the light</u> of the wicked person will be put out; <u>the spark of his fire</u> will not shine. <u>The light</u> will be dark in his tent; <u>his lamp</u> above him will be put out. (Job 18:5-6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>For you give <u>light to my lamp</u>; Yahweh my God <u>lights up my darkness</u>. (Psalm 18:28 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>For you give <u>light to my lamp</u>; Yahweh my God <u>lights up my darkness</u>. (Psalm 18:28 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>A dimly burning wick he will not quench. (Isaiah 42:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -99,19 +99,19 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting <u>flood of water</u>. (2 Samuel 5:20 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>He will make a full end to his enemies with an overwhelming <u>flood</u>. (Nahum 1:8 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>He will make a full end to his enemies with an overwhelming <u>flood</u>. (Nahum 1:8 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>My heart <u>drips</u> because of sadness. (Psalm 119:28 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>I am being <u>poured out like water</u>. (Psalm 22:14 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>I am being <u>poured out like water</u>. (Psalm 22:14 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>It will come about afterward that I will <u>pour out</u> my Spirit on all flesh. (Joel 2:28 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>My God, my soul has <u>melted</u> within me. (Psalm 42:6 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>My God, my soul has <u>melted</u> within me. (Psalm 42:6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>For it is great, the anger of Yahweh that has been <u>poured out</u> on us. (2 Chronicles 34:21 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -122,13 +122,13 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>A quarreling wife is a constant <u>dripping of water</u>. (Proverbs 19:13 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>His lips are lilies, <u>dripping myrrh</u>. (Song of Songs 5:13 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>His lips are lilies, <u>dripping myrrh</u>. (Song of Songs 5:13 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>My groaning is <u>poured out like water</u>. (Job 3:24 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The words of a man's mouth are <u>deep waters</u>; the <u>fountain of wisdom</u> is a flowing stream. (Proverbs 18:3 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The words of a man's mouth are <u>deep waters</u>; the <u>fountain of wisdom</u> is a flowing stream. (Proverbs 18:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### FLOODING WATER represents disaster
|
||||
|
|
@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>I have come into <u>deep waters</u>, where the <u>floods flow</u> over me. (Psalm 69:2 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Do not let the <u>floods of water</u> overwhelm me. (Psalm 69:15 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Do not let the <u>floods of water</u> overwhelm me. (Psalm 69:15 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of <u>many waters</u> from the hands of these foreigners. (Psalm 144:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Some images from the Bible involving natural phenomena are listed below. The wor
|
|||
>Who is a rock except our God? (Psalm 18:31 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Yahweh, my rock, and my redeemer. (Psalm 19:14 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Yahweh, my rock, and my redeemer. (Psalm 19:14 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -35,13 +35,13 @@ The emotion or attitude in the verses is underlined below.
|
|||
>Sow <u>righteousness</u> for yourselves, and reap the fruit of <u>covenant faithfulness</u>. (Hosea 10:12 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Based on what I have observed, those who plow <u>iniquity</u> and sow <u>trouble</u>, reap the same. (Job 4:8 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Based on what I have observed, those who plow <u>iniquity</u> and sow <u>trouble</u>, reap the same. (Job 4:8 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>For the people sow <u>the wind</u> and reap <u>the whirlwind</u>. (Hosea 8:7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>You have turned…the fruit of <u>righteousness</u> into bitterness. (Amos 6:12 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>You have turned…the fruit of <u>righteousness</u> into bitterness. (Amos 6:12 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>What fruit then did you have at that time of the things of which you are now <u>ashamed</u>? (Romans 6:21 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The emotion or attitude in the verses is underlined below.
|
|||
>He will be like <u>a tree planted</u> by the streams of water that <u>produces its fruit in its season</u>, whose <u>leaves do not wither</u>; whatever he does will prosper. (Psalm 1:3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>I have seen the wicked and terrifying person spread out <u>like a green tree in its native soil</u>. (Psalm 37:35 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>I have seen the wicked and terrifying person spread out <u>like a green tree in its native soil</u>. (Psalm 37:35 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>I am <u>like a green olive tree</u> in God's house. (Psalm 52:8 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Negative words are words that have in them the meaning "not." Examples are "no,"
|
|||
A double negative occurs when a sentence has two words that each express the meaning of "not."
|
||||
>It is <u>not</u> that we do <u>not</u> have authority... (2 Thessalonians 3:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>And this better confidence did <u>not</u> happen <u>without</u> the taking of an oath, ... (Hebrews 7:20 ULB.) </blockquote>
|
||||
>And this better confidence did <u>not</u> happen <u>without</u> the taking of an oath, ... (Hebrews 7:20 ULB.)
|
||||
|
||||
>Be sure of this—wicked people will <u>not</u> go <u>un</u>punished (Proverbs 11:21 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ All languages have ways of showing that the same person fills two different role
|
|||
### Examples from the Bible
|
||||
|
||||
Reflexive pronouns are used to show the same person or thing fills two different roles in a sentence.
|
||||
<blockquote>If <u>I</u> should testify about <u>myself</u> alone, my testimony would not be true. (John 5:31 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>If <u>I</u> should testify about <u>myself</u> alone, my testimony would not be true. (John 5:31 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>Now the Passover of the Jews was near, and <u>many</u> went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the Passover in order to purify <u>themselves</u>. (John 11:55 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
Reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize a person or thing in the sentence.
|
||||
<blockquote><u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were (John 4:2 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
><u>Jesus himself</u> was not baptizing, but his disciples were (John 4:2 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>So they left the crowd, taking Jesus with them, since he was already in the boat. Other boats were also with him. And a violent windstorm arose and the waves were breaking into the boat so that the boat was already full. But <u>Jesus himself</u> was in the stern, asleep on a cushion. (Mark 4:36-38 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ Statements can also have other functions. (see [Statements - Other Uses](../figs
|
|||
|
||||
The speakers below used these questions to get information, and the people they were speaking to answered their questions.
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Jesus said to them, "<u>Do you believe that I can do this?</u>" They said to him, "Yes, Lord." (Matthew 9:28 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>Jesus said to them, "<u>Do you believe that I can do this?</u>" They said to him, "Yes, Lord." (Matthew 9:28 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The jailer...said, "Sirs, <u>what must I do to be saved?</u>" They said, "Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your house." (Acts 16:29-31 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The jailer...said, "Sirs, <u>what must I do to be saved?</u>" They said, "Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your house." (Acts 16:29-31 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
Questions can also have other functions. (see [Rhetorical Question](../figs-rquestion/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ With an **invitation**, the speaker uses politeness or friendliness to suggest t
|
|||
><u>Come</u> with us and we will do you good. (Numbers 10:29)
|
||||
|
||||
With a **request**, the speaker uses politeness to say that he wants someone to do something. This may include the word 'please' to make it clear that it is a request and not a command. This is usually something that would benefit the speaker.
|
||||
<blockquote><u>Give us</u> today our daily bread. (Matthew 6:11 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
><u>Give us</u> today our daily bread. (Matthew 6:11 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><u>Please excuse</u> me. (Luke 14:18 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><u>Please excuse</u> me. (Luke 14:18 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
With a **wish** a person expresses what they want to happen. In English they often start with the word "may" or "let."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Let us compare 1 Corinthians 10:1 from the ULB and UDB.
|
|||
|
||||
>"I want you to know, brothers and sisters that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed through the sea. " (ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>"I want you to remember, brothers and sisters, that our Jewish ancestors were following God, who led them as a cloud during the day, as they passed through the Red Sea on dry land, long ago in the time of the Exodus." (UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>"I want you to remember, brothers and sisters, that our Jewish ancestors were following God, who led them as a cloud during the day, as they passed through the Red Sea on dry land, long ago in the time of the Exodus." (UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that the UDB makes several points explicit: the 'fathers were all under the cloud' tells of the time that God led the Jewish ancestors as a cloud. The statement that 'our fathers passed through the sea' is also about the 'passing through the Red Sea in the time of the exodus.' The UDB translator decided to explicitly describe the historical events. This is a way to translate historical events that is more meaningful for those who have little knowledge of Old Testament history.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -15,23 +15,23 @@ In the New Testament:
|
|||
|
||||
><u>God</u> created the heavens... <u>The Spirit of God</u> was moving... "Let <u>us</u> make man in <u>our</u> image." (Genesis 1:1-2 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>God has spoken to us by a <u>Son</u>... through whom he also made the universe. His <u>Son</u> is the radiance of his glory, the very character of his essence... about the <u>Son</u> he says,... "In the beginning, Lord, you laid earth's foundation; the heavens are the work of your hands." (Hebrews 1:2-3, and 8-10 ULB quoting Psalm 102:25)</blockquote>
|
||||
>God has spoken to us by a <u>Son</u>... through whom he also made the universe. His <u>Son</u> is the radiance of his glory, the very character of his essence... about the <u>Son</u> he says,... "In the beginning, Lord, you laid earth's foundation; the heavens are the work of your hands." (Hebrews 1:2-3, and 8-10 ULB quoting Psalm 102:25)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The Church has always found it necessary to state what the New Testament says about God by affirming that he exists in three distinct persons: The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
|
||||
|
||||
>Jesus said, "...Baptize them into the name of <u>the Father</u>, of <u>the Son</u>, and of <u>the Holy Spirit</u>." (Matthew 28:19 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>God sent his <u>Son</u>, born of a woman,... God sent the <u>Spirit</u> of his <u>Son</u> into our hearts, who calls, "Abba, <u>Father</u>." (Galatians 4:4-6 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>God sent his <u>Son</u>, born of a woman,... God sent the <u>Spirit</u> of his <u>Son</u> into our hearts, who calls, "Abba, <u>Father</u>." (Galatians 4:4-6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
See also: John 14:16-17, 1 Peter 1:2
|
||||
|
||||
Each person of God is fully God and is called "God" in the Bible.
|
||||
>Yet for us there is only one <u>God the Father ... </u> (1 Corinthians 8:6 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Thomas answered and said to him, "My Lord and <u>my God</u>." <u>Jesus</u> said to him, "Because you have seen me, you have believed. Blessed are those who have not seen, and yet have believed." (John 20:28-29 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Thomas answered and said to him, "My Lord and <u>my God</u>." <u>Jesus</u> said to him, "Because you have seen me, you have believed. Blessed are those who have not seen, and yet have believed." (John 20:28-29 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>But Peter said, "Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to <u>the Holy Spirit</u> and to keep back part of the price of the land?... You have not lied to men, but to <u>God</u>." (Acts 5:3-4 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>But Peter said, "Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to <u>the Holy Spirit</u> and to keep back part of the price of the land?... You have not lied to men, but to <u>God</u>." (Acts 5:3-4 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
Each person is also distinct from the other two persons. All three persons can appear separately at the same time. In the verses below, God the Son is baptized while God the Spirit comes down and God the Father speaks from heaven.
|
||||
>After he was baptized, <u>Jesus</u> came up... from the water... He saw the <u>Spirit</u> of God coming down..., and a <u>voice</u> [the Father's] came out of the heavens saying, "This is my Beloved <u>Son</u>..." (Matthew 3:16-17 ULB)
|
||||
|
|
@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ The intimate, loving relationship between the Father and the Son is eternal, jus
|
|||
|
||||
>The Father <u>loves</u> the Son. (John 3:35-36; 5:19-20 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>I <u>love</u> the Father, I do what the Father commands me, just as he gave me the commandment. (John 14:31 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>I <u>love</u> the Father, I do what the Father commands me, just as he gave me the commandment. (John 14:31 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><u> ... no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and no one knows who the Father is except the Son</u>. (Luke 10:22 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><u> ... no one knows who the Son is except the Father, and no one knows who the Father is except the Son</u>. (Luke 10:22 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
The terms "Father" and "Son" also communicate that the Father and the Son are of the same essence; they are both eternal God.
|
||||
|
||||
>Jesus said, "Father, glorify your Son so that the Son may glorify you... I glorified you on the earth,... Now Father, glorify me... with the glory that <u>I had with you before the world was created</u>." (John 17:1-5 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>But in these last days, he [God the Father] has spoken to us through a Son, whom he appointed to be the heir of all things. It is through him that God also made the universe. He is the brightness of God's glory, <u>the very character of his essence</u>. He even holds everything together by the word of his power. (Hebrews 1:2-3 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>But in these last days, he [God the Father] has spoken to us through a Son, whom he appointed to be the heir of all things. It is through him that God also made the universe. He is the brightness of God's glory, <u>the very character of his essence</u>. He even holds everything together by the word of his power. (Hebrews 1:2-3 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>Jesus said to him, "I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip? <u>Whoever has seen me has seen the Father</u>. How can you say, 'Show us the Father'? (John 14:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ This is a list of the Hebrew months with information about them that may be help
|
|||
|
||||
#### Examples from the Bible
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote> You are going out of Egypt on this day, in <u>the month of Abib</u>. (Exodus 13:4 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
> You are going out of Egypt on this day, in <u>the month of Abib</u>. (Exodus 13:4 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
>You must eat unleavened bread from twilight of the fourteenth day <u>in the first month of the year</u>, until twilight of the twenty-first day of the month. (Exodus 12:18 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Readers may not understand why she said this if they do not know that the name M
|
|||
><u>Saul</u> was in agreement with his death (Acts 8:1 ULB)<br>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>It came about in Iconium that <u>Paul</u> and Barnabas entered together into the synagogue (Acts 14:1 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>It came about in Iconium that <u>Paul</u> and Barnabas entered together into the synagogue (Acts 14:1 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
Readers may not know that the names Saul and Paul refer to the same person.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ The UDB tries to present ideas in an order that is more natural in English, or t
|
|||
|
||||
When you translate, you should put ideas into an order that is natural in the target language. (see [Order of Events](../figs-events/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><sup>1</sup> Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God...<sup>7</sup> This letter is to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God. (Romans 1:1,7 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><sup>1</sup> Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God...<sup>7</sup> This letter is to all who are in Rome, the beloved of God. (Romans 1:1,7 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><sup>1</sup> I, Paul, who serve Christ Jesus, am writing this letter to all of you believers in the city of Rome. (Romans 1:1 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><sup>1</sup> I, Paul, who serve Christ Jesus, am writing this letter to all of you believers in the city of Rome. (Romans 1:1 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
The ULB shows Paul's style of beginning his letters. He does not say who his audience is until verse 7. However, the UDB follows a style that is much more natural in English and many other languages today.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ When you translate, you should decide which of these implied ideas would be unde
|
|||
|
||||
>And Jesus said to Simon, "Do not be afraid, because <u>from now on you will catch men</u>." (Luke 5:10 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>But Jesus said to Simon, "Do not be afraid! Until now you gathered in fish, but from now on you will gather in people to become my disciples." (Luke 5:10 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>But Jesus said to Simon, "Do not be afraid! Until now you gathered in fish, but from now on you will gather in people to become my disciples." (Luke 5:10 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the UDB reminds the reader that Simon was a fisherman by trade. It also makes clear the similarity that Jesus was drawing between Simon's previous work and his future work. In addition, the UDB makes it clear why Jesus wanted Simon to "catch men" (ULB), that is, to lead them "to become my disciples" (UDB).
|
||||
|
||||
>When he saw Jesus, he <u>fell on his face</u> and begged him, saying, "Lord, if you are willing, you can <u>make me clean</u>." (Luke 5:12 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>When he saw Jesus, he <u>bowed down to the ground</u> in front of him and pleaded with him, "Lord, <u>please heal me</u>, because you are able to heal me if you are willing!" (Luke 5:12 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>When he saw Jesus, he <u>bowed down to the ground</u> in front of him and pleaded with him, "Lord, <u>please heal me</u>, because you are able to heal me if you are willing!" (Luke 5:12 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the UDB makes it clear that the man who had leprosy did not fall to the ground by accident. Instead, he deliberately bowed down to the ground. Also, the UDB makes it clear that he is asking Jesus to heal him. In the ULB, he only implies this request.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The ULB often simply presents the symbolic action with no explanation of what it
|
|||
When you translate, you should decide whether your audience will correctly understand a symbolic action. If your audience will not understand, then you should do as the UDB does. (see [Symbolic Action](../translate-symaction/01.md))
|
||||
>The high priest <u>tore his</u> garments (Mark 14:63 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>In response to Jesus' words, the high priest <u>was so shocked</u> that he tore his outer garment. (Mark 14:63 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>In response to Jesus' words, the high priest <u>was so shocked</u> that he tore his outer garment. (Mark 14:63 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the UDB makes it clear that it was not by accident that the high priest tore his garment. It also makes clear that it was probably only his outer garment that he tore, and that he did so because he wanted to show that he was sad or angry or both.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Because the high priest actually tore his garment, the UDB must, of course, say
|
|||
|
||||
>Present that to your governor; will he accept you or will he <u>lift up your face</u>?" (Malachi 1:8 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>You would not dare to offer such gifts to your own governor! You know that he would not take them. You know that he would be <u>displeased with you and would not welcome you</u>! (Malachi 1:8 UDB) </blockquote>
|
||||
>You would not dare to offer such gifts to your own governor! You know that he would not take them. You know that he would be <u>displeased with you and would not welcome you</u>! (Malachi 1:8 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the symbolic action "lift up someone's face," represented in this way in the ULB, is presented only as its meaning in the UDB: "he would be displeased with you and would not welcome you." It can be presented in this way because Malachi is not actually referring to a particular event that actually took place. He is only referring to the idea represented by that event.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ When you translate, you must decide whether the target language can present even
|
|||
|
||||
>For <u>he was amazed</u>, and all who were with him, at the catch of fish which they had taken. (Luke 5:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>He said this because <u>he marveled</u> at the huge number of fish that they had caught. All the men who were with him also marveled. (Luke 5:9 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>He said this because <u>he marveled</u> at the huge number of fish that they had caught. All the men who were with him also marveled. (Luke 5:9 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the UDB uses a verb in the active voice "he marveled" instead of the ULB's verb in the passive voice "was amazed."
|
||||
|
||||
>Large crowds of people came together to hear him teach and to be healed of their sicknesses. (Luke 5:15 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>The result was that large crowds came to Jesus to hear him teach and <u>to have him heal them from their sicknesses</u>. (Luke 5:15 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>The result was that large crowds came to Jesus to hear him teach and <u>to have him heal them from their sicknesses</u>. (Luke 5:15 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the UDB avoids the ULB's passive verb form "to be healed." It does this by restructuring the phrase. It says who the healer is: "to have him [Jesus] heal them."
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -88,19 +88,19 @@ When you translate, you will have to decide whether the target language readers
|
|||
|
||||
>He has <u>made you rich in every way</u>, in all speech and with all knowledge. (1 Corinthians 1:5 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Christ has <u>given you so many things</u>. He helped you to speak his truth and to know God. (1 Corinthians 1:5 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Christ has <u>given you so many things</u>. He helped you to speak his truth and to know God. (1 Corinthians 1:5 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Paul uses a metaphor of material wealth, expressed in the word "rich." Even though he immediately explains what he means "in all speech and with all knowledge," some readers might not understand. The UDB presents the idea in a different way, without using the metaphor of material wealth. (see [Metaphor](../figs-metaphor/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
>I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>, (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>When I send you out, you will be <u>as defenseless as sheep, among people who are as dangerous as wolves</u>. (Matthew 10:16 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>When I send you out, you will be <u>as defenseless as sheep, among people who are as dangerous as wolves</u>. (Matthew 10:16 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Jesus uses a simile that compares his apostles going to others as sheep going out among wolves. Some readers might not understand how the apostles would be like sheep while the other people would be like wolves. The UDB clarifies that the apostles would be defenseless, and that their enemies would be dangerous. (see [Simile](../figs-simile/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
>You are separated from Christ, all <u>you who are "justified" by the law</u>. You have fallen away from grace. (Galatians 5:4 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><u>If you expect God to declare you good in his sight because you try to keep the law</u>, you have separated yourself from Christ; God will no longer act kindly toward you. (Galatians 5:4 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><u>If you expect God to declare you good in his sight because you try to keep the law</u>, you have separated yourself from Christ; God will no longer act kindly toward you. (Galatians 5:4 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Paul uses irony when he refers to them as being justified by the law. He had already taught them that no one can be justified by the law. The ULB uses quote marks around "justified" to show that Paul did not really believe that they were justified by the law. The UDB translates the same idea by making it clear that it was what the other people believed. (see [Irony](../figs-irony/01.md))
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ When you translate, you will have to decide how the target language prefers to p
|
|||
|
||||
>He has made you rich in every way, in <u>all speech</u> and with <u>all knowledge</u>. (1 Corinthians 1:5 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>Christ has given you so many things. He <u>helped you to speak his truth</u> and <u>to know God</u>. (1 Corinthians 1:5 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>Christ has given you so many things. He <u>helped you to speak his truth</u> and <u>to know God</u>. (1 Corinthians 1:5 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
Here the ULB expressions "all speech" and "all knowledge" are abstract noun expressions. One problem with them is that readers might not know who is supposed to do the speaking and what they are to speak, or who is doing the knowing and what it is that they know. The UDB answers these questions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ In rare cases, you will see in the Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB) or the Unlocked
|
|||
|
||||
><sup>29</sup> These were the clans of the Horites: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, and Anah, <sup>30</sup> Dishon, Ezer, Dishan: these are clans of the Horites, according to their clan lists in the land of Seir. (Genesis 26:29-30 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><sup>29-30</sup> The people groups who were descendants of Hor lived in Seir land. The names of the people groups are Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishpan. (Genesis 26:29-30 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><sup>29-30</sup> The people groups who were descendants of Hor lived in Seir land. The names of the people groups are Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, Dishon, Ezer, and Dishpan. (Genesis 26:29-30 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
In the ULB text, verses 29 and 30 are separate, and the information about the people living in Seir is at the end of verse 30. In the UDB text, the verses are joined, and the information about them living in Seir is at the beginning. For many languages, this is a more logical order of information.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Sometimes the ULB has separate verses while the UDB has a verse bridge.
|
|||
|
||||
><sup>4</sup> However, there should be no poor among you (for Yahweh will surely bless you in the land that he gives you as an inheritance to possess), <sup>5</sup> if only you diligently listen to the voice of Yahweh your God, to keep all these commandments that I am commanding you today. (Deuteronomy 15:4-5 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote><sup>4-5</sup> Yahweh our God will bless you in the land that he is giving to you. If you obey Yahweh our God and obey all the commandments that I am giving to you today, there will not be any poor people among you. (Deuteronomy 15:4-5 UDB)</blockquote>
|
||||
><sup>4-5</sup> Yahweh our God will bless you in the land that he is giving to you. If you obey Yahweh our God and obey all the commandments that I am giving to you today, there will not be any poor people among you. (Deuteronomy 15:4-5 UDB)
|
||||
|
||||
There are also a few verse bridges in the ULB.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Some of these things happened after the prophets told about them, and some of th
|
|||
|
||||
The following passages describe powerful beings that Ezekiel, Daniel, and John saw. Images that come up in these visions include hair that is white as wool, a voice like many waters, a golden belt, and legs or feet like polished bronze. Though the prophets saw various details, it would be good to translate the details that are the same in the same way. The underlined phrases in the passage from Revelation also occur in the passages from Daniel and Ezekiel
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote> In the middle of the lampstands there was one like a Son of Man, wearing a long robe that reached down to his feet, and a golden belt around his chest. <u>His head and hair were as white as wool</u> — as white as snow, and his eyes were like a flame of fire. <u>His feet were like burnished bronze</u>, like bronze that had been refined in a furnace, and <u>his voice was like the sound of many rushing waters</u>. He had in his right hand seven stars, and coming out of his mouth was a sharp two-edged sword. His face was shining like the sun at its strongest shining. (Revelation 1:13-16 ULB) </blockquote>
|
||||
> In the middle of the lampstands there was one like a Son of Man, wearing a long robe that reached down to his feet, and a golden belt around his chest. <u>His head and hair were as white as wool</u> — as white as snow, and his eyes were like a flame of fire. <u>His feet were like burnished bronze</u>, like bronze that had been refined in a furnace, and <u>his voice was like the sound of many rushing waters</u>. He had in his right hand seven stars, and coming out of his mouth was a sharp two-edged sword. His face was shining like the sun at its strongest shining. (Revelation 1:13-16 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
>As I looked,
|
||||
|
|
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ The following passages describe powerful beings that Ezekiel, Daniel, and John s
|
|||
>and <u>the hair of his head was like pure wool</u>. (Daniel 7:9 ULB)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<blockquote>I looked up and saw a man dressed in linen, with a belt around his waist made of pure gold from Uphaz. His body was like topaz, his face was like lightning, his eyes were like flaming torches, his arms and <u>his feet were like polished bronze</u>, and the sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd. (Daniel 10:5-6 ULB)</blockquote>
|
||||
>I looked up and saw a man dressed in linen, with a belt around his waist made of pure gold from Uphaz. His body was like topaz, his face was like lightning, his eyes were like flaming torches, his arms and <u>his feet were like polished bronze</u>, and the sound of his words was like the sound of a great crowd. (Daniel 10:5-6 ULB)
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>Behold! The glory of the God of Israel came from the east; <u>his voice was like the sound of many waters</u>, and the earth shone with his glory! (Ezekiel 43:2 ULB)
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ When writing that someone said something, some languages put the quote (what was
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><u>Zechariah said to the angel</u>, "How will I know this will happen? For I am an old man, and my wife also is very old." (Luke 1:18 ULB)
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<blockquote>Then some tax collectors also came to be baptized, and <u>they said to him</u>, "Teacher, what must we do?" (Luke 3:12 ULB)</blockquote>
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>Then some tax collectors also came to be baptized, and <u>they said to him</u>, "Teacher, what must we do?" (Luke 3:12 ULB)
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><u>He said to them,</u> "Do not collect more money than you are supposed to." (Luke 3:13 ULB)
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@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ When writing that someone said something, some languages put the quote (what was
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>"I will hide my face from them," <u>he said,</u> "and I will see what their end will be; for they are a perverse generation, children who are unfaithful." (Deuteronomy 32:20 ULB)
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<blockquote>"Therefore, those who can," <u>he said,</u> "should go there with us. If there is something wrong with the man, you should accuse him." (Acts 25:5 ULB)</blockquote>
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>"Therefore, those who can," <u>he said,</u> "should go there with us. If there is something wrong with the man, you should accuse him." (Acts 25:5 ULB)
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>"For look, days are coming"—<u>this is Yahweh's declaration</u>—"when I will restore the fortunes of my people, Israel" (Jeremiah 30:3 ULB)
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ The meaning of the underlined symbols is explained in Daniel 7:23-24 as shown be
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>This is what that person said, 'As for the fourth animal, it will be <u>a fourth kingdom</u> on earth that will be different from all the other kingdoms. It will devour the whole earth, and it will trample it down and break it into pieces. As for the ten horns, out of this kingdom <u>ten kings</u> will arise, and another will arise after them. He will be different from the previous ones, and he will conquer the three kings. (Daniel 7:23-24 ULB)
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<blockquote>I turned around to see whose voice was speaking to me, and as I turned I saw <u>seven golden lampstands</u>. In the middle of the lampstands there was one like a Son of Man, … He had in his right hand <u>seven stars</u>, and coming out of his mouth was <u>a sharp two-edged sword</u>…. As for the hidden meaning about the seven stars you saw in my right hand, and the seven golden lampstands: <u>the seven stars are the angels of the seven churches</u>, and <u>the seven lampstands are the seven churches</u>. (Revelation 1:12, 16, 20 ULB) </blockquote>
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>I turned around to see whose voice was speaking to me, and as I turned I saw <u>seven golden lampstands</u>. In the middle of the lampstands there was one like a Son of Man, … He had in his right hand <u>seven stars</u>, and coming out of his mouth was <u>a sharp two-edged sword</u>…. As for the hidden meaning about the seven stars you saw in my right hand, and the seven golden lampstands: <u>the seven stars are the angels of the seven churches</u>, and <u>the seven lampstands are the seven churches</u>. (Revelation 1:12, 16, 20 ULB)
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This passage explains the meaning of the seven lampstands and the seven stars. The two-edged sword represents God's word and judgment.
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Reference in New Issue