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@ -24,3 +24,4 @@ The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license term
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You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
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No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
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@ -87,3 +87,4 @@ You are free to add additional pages. In order for the new page to be included w
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## Historical
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If you would like to see the deprecated tranlsationAcademy pages in DokuWiki, go to https://dw.door43.org/en/ta. You can still see the workbench pages at https://dw.door43.org/en/ta/workbench.
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@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ As you read the new translation, ask yourself these questions. These are questio
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1. Did the writer use an appropriate form of the language acceptable to the wider language community? (Is the writer familiar with the dialects of your language found throughout the area? Did the writer use a form of the language that all of the language community understands well, or did he use a form that is used in only a small area?
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If there is a place where the translation uses language in the wrong style, make a note of that so that you can discuss it with the translation team.
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Did the translation team use an acceptable style?
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Acceptable Style
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How can I do an accuracy check?
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Accuracy Check
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It is very important to make sure that the new translation is accurate. Those who have been chosen to check the translation for accuracy have the responsibility to make sure that it communicates the same meaning as the original writer intended and expected to communicate.
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For instructions on how to do this, go to [Accuracy Check](../accuracy-check/01.md), and follow the steps in the section under the heading "All Levels."
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Accurate Translation
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Is the translation accurate?
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It is very important to make sure that the new translation is accurate. Those who have been chosen to check the translation for accuracy have the responsibility to make sure that it communicates the same meaning as the original writer intended and expected to communicate.
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For instructions on how to do this, go to [Accuracy Check](../accuracy-check/01.md), and follow the steps in the section under the heading "All Levels."
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Is the translation accurate?
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Accurate Translation
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1. Has the translator used expressions, phrases, connectors, and spellings that will be recognized by most of the language community?
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If there is something about the alphabet or spelling that is not right, make a note of that so that you can discuss it with the translation team.
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Does the translation use an appropriate alphabet?
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Appropriate Alphabet
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1. Has the translator used expressions, phrases, connectors, and spellings that will be recognized by most of the language community?
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If there is something about the alphabet or spelling that is not right, make a note of that so that you can discuss it with the translation team.
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Does the translation use an appropriate alphabet?
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Appropriate Alphabet
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How can the church leaders help improve the translation?
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Church Leader Check
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How can the church leaders help improve the translation?
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Church Leader Check
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How can I tell if the translation is clear?
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Clear Translation
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How can I show that the community approves the translation?
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Language Community Evaluation Questions
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1. Are there places in the translation where something seems to be left out, or there seems to be a different message than is found in the source language translation? (The wording and the order can be different, but the language that the translator used should give the same message as the source language translation.)
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If there is a place where the translation is not complete, make a note of that so that you can discuss it with the translation team.
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Is the translation complete?
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Complete Translation
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#### Church-approved
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The checkers who are members of a church in the language community will help the translation team produce a translation that is approved and accepted by the church in that community. They will do this by working together with members and leaders of other churches from the language community, using the tools available at bibleineverlanguage.org as well as their own resources and other translations to carefully check the content of the newly translated scripture. When members and leaders that represent the churches of a language community work together and agree that the translation is good, then it will be accepted and used by the churches in that community.
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What is the goal of Checking?
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The Goal of Checking
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How can church leaders affirm that the translation is good?
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Level 2 Affirmation
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Key elements of this level of checking are: pastors AND Christians in the community have read (or listened to) the translated scriptures and contributed to their improvement, the above listed tools have been employed for ensuring accuracy and completeness, the translation team has been responsible to respond to feedback and implement changes in the translation where needed. When this has been done, the translation is considered to be at level two.
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How pastors and other believers can be involved in checking the translation.
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Level Two--Pastoral and Christian Community Check
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How can the language community help me check my work?
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Language Community Check
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How do I affirm that I have finished level 1 checking?
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If there were problems with the translation, make plans to meet with the translation team and resolve these problems. After you meet with them, the translation team may need to check their revised translation with the community leaders to make sure that it still communicates well, and then meet with you again.
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When you are ready to approve the translation, go here: [Level 3 Approval](../level3-approval/01.md).
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What do I look for in a level 3 check?
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Questions for Checking on Level Three
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To check a translation for naturalness, you or another member of the language community must read it out loud. You can read it to one other person who speaks the target language or to a group of people. Before you start reading, tell the people listening that you want them to stop you when they hear something that does not sound like the way someone from your language community would say it. When someone stops you, then you can discuss together how someone would say that same thing in a more natural way.
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It is helpful to think about a situation in your village in which people would talk about the same kind of thing that the translation is talking about. Imagine people that you know talking about that thing, and then say it out loud in that way. If others agree that that is a good and natural way to say it, then write it that way in the translation.
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Is the translation natural?
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Natural Translation
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**no | yes** Church leaders from at least two different church networks have reviewed the translation of this chapter and agree that it is accurate. *(This addresses the final aspect of Level 2, the Church check).*
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**no | yes** The leadership or their delegates of at least two different church networks have reviewed the translation of this chapter and endorse it as a faithful translation of this chapter of the Bible in this language. *(This addresses Level 3.)*
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How can I objectively assess the quality of the translation?
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Self-Assessment Rubric
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What are the guidelines for creating a good back translation?
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### 2. Use the Language of Wider Communication Style for Sentence and Logical Structure
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The back translation should use the sentence structure that is natural for the language of wider communication, not the structure that is used in the target language. This means that the back translation should use the word order that is natural for the language of wider communication, not the word order that is used in the target language. The back translation should also use the way of relating phrases to each other and the way of indicating logical relations, such as cause or purpose, that are natural for the language of wider communication. This will make the back translation easier to read and understand for the translation checker. This will also speed up the process of checking the back translation.
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Guidelines for Creating a Good Back Translation
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Even if there is not time for the checker to send his questions to the translation team before their meeting, they will still be able to review more material at the meeting than they would have been able to review otherwise because the checker has already read the back translation and has already prepared his questions. Because he has had this previous preparation time, he and the translation team can use their meeting time to discuss only the problem areas of the translation rather than reading through the entire translation at a slow pace, as is required when making an oral back translation.
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Fourth, the written back translation relieves the strain on the translation checker from having to concentrate for many hours at a time on hearing and understanding an oral translation as it is spoken to him. If the checker and translation team are meeting in a noisy environment, the difficulty of making sure that he hears every word correctly can be quite exhausting for the checker. The mental strain of concentration increases the likelihood that the checker will miss some problems with the result that they remain uncorrected in the biblical text. For these reasons, we recommend the use of a written back translation whenever possible.
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What kinds of back translations are there?
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Kinds of Back Translations
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Some people might consider this to be unnecessary, since the biblical text already exists in the source language. But remember the purpose of the back translation: it is to allow the checker to see what is in the target language translation. Just reading the original source language text does not allow the checker to see what is in the target language translation. Therefore, the back translator must make a new translation back into the language of wider communication that is based only on the target language translation. For this reason, the back translator *cannot* look at the source language text when doing his back translation, but *only* at the target language text. In this way, the checker can identify any problems that might exist in the target language translation and work with the translator to fix those problems.
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The back translation can also be very useful in improving the target language translation even before the checker uses it to check the translation. When the translation team reads the back translation, they can see how the back translator has understood their translation. Sometimes, the back translator has understood their translation in a different way than they intended to communicate. In those cases, they can change their translation so that it communicates more clearly the meaning that they intended. When the translation team is able to use the back translation in this way before they give it to the checker, they can make many improvements to their translation. When they do this, the checker can do his checking much more rapidly, because the translation team was able to correct many of the problems in the translation before meeting with the checker.
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Why is a back translation necessary?
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Who should do the back translation?
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The Back Translator
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### Free Back Translation
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A free back translation is one in which the back translator makes a translation in the language of wider communication in a separate space from the target language translation. The disadvantage of this method is that the back translation is not related as closely to the target language translation. The back translator can overcome this disadvantage when back translating the Bible, however, by including the verse numbers with the back translation. By referring to the verse numbers in both translations, the translation checker can keep track of which part of the back translation represents which part of the target language translation. The advantage of this method is that the back translation can use the grammar and word order of the language of wider communication, and so it is much easier for the translation checker to read and understand. Even while using the grammar and word order of the language of wider communication, however, the back translator should remember to translate the words in a literal way. We recommend that the back translator use the method of free back translation.
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What kinds of written back translations are there?
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A back translation is a translation of the biblical text from the local target language back into the language of wider communication. It is called a "back translation" because it is a translation in the opposite direction than what was done to create the local target language translation.
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A back translation is not done in a completely normal style, however, because it does not have naturalness as a goal in the language of the translation (in this case, the language of wider communication). Instead, its goal is to represent the words and expressions of the local language translation in a literal way, while also using the grammar and word order of the language of wider communication. In this way, the translation checker can most clearly see the meaning of the words in the target language text, and can also understand the back translation well and read it more quickly and easily.
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What is a back translation?
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Back Translation
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### Key Words
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Make sure that the translation team is keeping a list of the translationWords (important terms) from the Bible passages that they are translating, along with the term in the target language that they have decided to use for each of these important terms. You and the translation team will probably need to add to this list and modify the terms from the target language as you progress through the translation of the Bible. Use the list of translationWords to alert you when there are Key Words in the passage that you are translating. Whenever there is a Key Word in the Bible, make sure that the translation uses the term or phrase that has been chosen for that Key Word, and also make sure that it makes sense each time. If it does not make sense, then you will need to discuss why it makes sense in some places but not in others. Then you may need to modify or change the chosen term, or decide to use more than one term in the target language to fit different ways that the Key Word is used. One useful way to do this is to keep track of each important term on a spreadsheet, with columns for the source language term, the target language term, alternative terms and the Bible passages where you are using each term. We hope that this feature will be in future versions of translationStudio.
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Steps in Checking a Translation
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1. Check anything that you think might be especially difficult to understand or translate in the passage.
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After checking all of these things and making corrections, have the translation team read the passage out loud again to each other or to other members of their community to make sure that everything still flows in a natural way and uses the right connectors. If a correction made something sound unnatural, they will need to make additional adjustments to the translation. This process of testing and revision should repeat until the translation communicates clearly and naturally in the target language.
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What types of things should I check?
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Types of Things to Check
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<br>
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The community leaders might want to add their own information to this or make a summary statement about how acceptable this translation is to the local community. This can be included as part of the Level Two Community Check Evaluation information. The wider church leadership will have access to this information, and it will help them validate the translation as approved by the local Christian community when they do the Level Two Church Check and also Level Three Checking.
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Level 1 Affirmation
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What is publishing?
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Introduction to Publishing
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for any purpose, even commercially.
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Under the terms of the license.
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How can I distribute content?
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Introduction to Distribution
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### Other Options
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If using translationStudio is not an option for your team, then you may consider using other online or offline tools. Note that it will be your responsibility to get the content into USFM or Markdown format if you do not use translationStudio (see [File Formats](../../translate/file-formats/01.md) for more information).
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What tool can I use to translate?
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Selecting a Platform
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### Before Checking
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It is recommended that you consult the [Checking Manual](../../checking/intro-check/01.md) frequently as you check this content. Before you start checking, we recommend that you start working your way through the Checking Manual until you understand what is required at each level. As you work through the checking process, you will need to consult the Checking Manual frequently.
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What should I know about checking before I begin?
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Training Before Checking Begins
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What should I know about translation before I start?
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Training Before Translation Begins
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### Getting Started
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Translation is a complicated task and takes organization and a plan. There are many required steps to take a translation from an idea to completed, checked, distributed, and in use translation. The information in this Process Manual will help you know all of the necessary steps in the translation process.
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What is the Process Manual?
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Introduction to the Process Manual
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#### Checking Level 3
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Checking Level 3 is done when leaders of at least two church networks agree that the translation is a good one (see [Checking Level Three - Affirmation by Church Leadership](../../checking/level3/01.md)). Be sure you work through the Level 3 Checking Questions (see [Questions for Checking on Level Three](../../checking/level3-questions/01.md)) while you complete this checking level. After completing the Level 3 Check, you are encouraged to upload to Door43 (see [Introduction to Publishing](../intro-publishing/01.md)). This is the highest checking level. Gateway Languages should also complete the [Source Text Process](../source-text-process/01.md)
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How do I check a translation?
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How to Check
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How can I set up a translation team?
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||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
Setting Up a Translation Team
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
How do I set up translationStudio?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
Setting Up translationStudio
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,3 +10,4 @@ If you upload your work from translationStudio, then it automatically appears on
|
|||
### Sharing Content Offline
|
||||
|
||||
You may also generate and download documents from your project pages on Door43. Once you have these downloaded, you can transfer them to others however you would like, including printing and distributing hard copies.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
How can I share content?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
How to Share Content
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
How do I make my Gateway Language translation a source text?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1 +1,2 @@
|
|||
Source Text Process
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
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Reference in New Issue