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Contrafactual Conditional to Contrary-to-fact Conditional

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Susan Quigley 2018-10-30 13:25:09 +00:00
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### Description ### Description
A contrafactual conditional is a sentence that has a conditional clause that is false, or contrary to fact. Conditional clauses normally have the word "if." A contrary-to-fact condition is a conditional clause that is false, or contrary to fact. Conditional clauses normally have the word "if."
People sometimes tell about conditions and what would happen as a result of those conditions being met, but they know that these conditions are not met, so the results also do not happen. (The conditions are the phrase that start with "if.") People sometimes tell about conditions and what would happen as a result of those conditions being met, but they know that these conditions are not met, so the results also do not happen. (The conditions are the phrase that start with "if.")
In the sentences below, the first clause with "if" is the contrafactual condition. The second is clause tells what the result would be if the condition were met. But since the condition is not met, the expected result does not happen. In the sentences below, the first clause with "if" is the contary-to-fact condition. The second is clause tells what the result would be if the condition were met. But since the condition is not met, the expected result does not happen.
* If he had known about the party, he would have come to it. (But he did not come.) * If he had known about the party, he would have come to it. (But he did not come.)
* If he knew about the party, he would be here. (But he is not here.) * If he knew about the party, he would be here. (But he is not here.)
* If he knew about the party, he would come to it. (But he probably will not come.) * If he knew about the party, he would come to it. (But he probably will not come.)
Contrafactual conditions can be used to express regret about things that are not as desired. Contrary-to-fact conditions can be used to express regret about things that are not as desired.
* If only he had come. * If only he had come.
* If only he were here. * If only he were here.
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### Reasons this is a translation issue ### Reasons this is a translation issue
* Translators need to recognize contrafactual conditions in the Bible. * Translators need to recognize contrary-to-fact conditions in the Bible.
* Translators need to know their own language's ways of expressing contrafactual conditions. * Translators need to know their own language's ways of expressing contrary-to-fact conditions.
### Examples from the Bible ### Examples from the Bible
##### Contrafactual conditions with their results ##### Contrary-to-fact conditions with their results
>"Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! <u>If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.</u>" (Matthew 11:21 ULB) >"Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! <u>If the mighty deeds had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.</u>" (Matthew 11:21 ULB)
@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ Elisha said this to tell the king of Israel that he did not respect him. It was
Jesus was talking about a future time when very bad things would happen. He told what would happen if those days of trouble were to last a long time. He did this to show how bad those days will be - so bad that if they lasted a long time, no one would be saved. But then he clarified that God will shorten those days of trouble, so that the elect (those he has chosen) will be saved. Jesus was talking about a future time when very bad things would happen. He told what would happen if those days of trouble were to last a long time. He did this to show how bad those days will be - so bad that if they lasted a long time, no one would be saved. But then he clarified that God will shorten those days of trouble, so that the elect (those he has chosen) will be saved.
##### Contrafactual conditions used for expressing regret ##### Contrary-to-fact conditions used for expressing regret
Contrafactual conditions can be used for regrets or wishes about things that cannot be as peopel hoped. Contrary-to-fact conditions can be used for regrets or wishes about things that cannot be as people hoped.
>The Israelites said to them, "<u>If only we had died by Yahweh's hand in the land of Egypt when we were sitting by the pots of meat and were eating bread to the full.</u> For you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill our whole community with hunger." (Exodus 16:3 ULB) >The Israelites said to them, "<u>If only we had died by Yahweh's hand in the land of Egypt when we were sitting by the pots of meat and were eating bread to the full.</u> For you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill our whole community with hunger." (Exodus 16:3 ULB)