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Conform possessive form for proper names ending with -s to Chicago Manual 16.
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ This was a riddle. Samson purposely said this in a way that it would be hard for
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>Jesus said to them, "Take heed and beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees." The disciples reasoned among themselves and said, "It is because we took no bread." (Matthew 16:6,7 ULB)
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Possible implicit information here is that the disciples should beware of the false teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees. But Jesus' disciples did not understand this. They thought that Jesus was talking about real yeast and bread. So it would not be appropriate to state explicitly that the word "yeast" here refers to false teaching. The disciples did not understand what Jesus meant until they heard what Jesus said in Matthew 16:11 -
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Possible implicit information here is that the disciples should beware of the false teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees. But Jesus's disciples did not understand this. They thought that Jesus was talking about real yeast and bread. So it would not be appropriate to state explicitly that the word "yeast" here refers to false teaching. The disciples did not understand what Jesus meant until they heard what Jesus said in Matthew 16:11 -
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>"How is it that you do not understand that I was not speaking to you about bread? Take heed and beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and Sadducees." Then they understood that he was not telling them to beware of yeast in bread, but to beware of the teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees. (Matthew 16:11,12 ULB)
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Only after Jesus explained that he was not talking about bread did they realize that he was talking about the false teaching of the Pharisees. Therefore it would be wrong to explicitly state the implicit information in Matthew 16:6.
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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Moses was speaking to the people in the wilderness. Moses and the people had not
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In some languages, it might make more sense to say that Joseph and Mary <u>took</u> or <u>carried</u> Jesus up to the temple.
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>Behold, a man named Jairus ... came and fell down at Jesus' feet, and he begged him to <u>come</u> to his house ... (Luke 8:41 ULB)
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>Behold, a man named Jairus ... came and fell down at Jesus's feet, and he begged him to <u>come</u> to his house ... (Luke 8:41 ULB)
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The man was not at his house when he spoke to Jesus. He wanted Jesus to <u>go</u> with him to his house.
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@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ The blood represents Christ's death. Because of Jesus death', people who believe
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>He took <u>the cup</u> in the same way after supper, saying, "<u>This cup</u> is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you." (Luke 22:20 ULB)
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The cup represents the wine that was in the cup. The wine was a symbol of Jesus' blood, by which he confirmed the new covenant.
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The cup represents the wine that was in the cup. The wine was a symbol of Jesus's blood, by which he confirmed the new covenant.
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>The Lord God will give him <u>the throne</u> of his ancestor David. (Luke 1:32 ULB)
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@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Jesus compared the crowds of people to sheep without a shepherd. Sheep grow frig
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>See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>, so be as wise <u>as serpents</u> and harmless <u>as doves</u>. (Matthew 10:16 ULB)
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Jesus compared his disciples to sheep and their enemies to wolves. Wolves attack sheep. Jesus' enemies would attack his disciples.
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Jesus compared his disciples to sheep and their enemies to wolves. Wolves attack sheep. Jesus's enemies would attack his disciples.
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>For the word of God is living and active and sharper <u>than any two-edged sword</u>. (Hebrews 4:12 ULB)
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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ If people would understand the correct meaning of a simile, consider using it. I
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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1. If people do not know how the two items are alike, tell how they are alike. However, do not do this if the meaning was not clear to the original audience.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - This compares the danger that Jesus' disciples would be in with the danger that sheep are in when they are surrounded by wolves.
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* **See, I send you out <u>as sheep in the midst of wolves</u>** (Matthew 10:16 ULB) - This compares the danger that Jesus's disciples would be in with the danger that sheep are in when they are surrounded by wolves.
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* See, I send <u>you out among wicked people</u> and you will be in danger from them <u>as sheep are in danger when they are among wolves</u>.
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* **For the word of God is living and active and sharper <u>than any two-edged sword</u>.** (Hebrews 4:12 ULB)
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* For the word of God is living and active and <u>more powerful than a very sharp two-edged sword</u>
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Translators need to understand what people in the Bible meant when they used sym
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### Examples from the Bible
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>Behold, a man named Jairus ... <u>fell down at Jesus' feet</u> ... (Luke 8:41 ULB)
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>Behold, a man named Jairus ... <u>fell down at Jesus's feet</u> ... (Luke 8:41 ULB)
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Meaning of symbolic action: He did this to show great respect to Jesus.
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@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ If people would correctly understand what a symbolic action meant to the people
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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1. Tell what the person did and why he did it.
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* **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus' feet ...** (Luke 8:41 ULB)
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* Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus' feet in order to show that he greatly respected him ...
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* **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet ...** (Luke 8:41 ULB)
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* Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet in order to show that he greatly respected him ...
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* **Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking.** (Revelation 3:20 ULB)
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* Look, I am standing at the door and knocking on it, asking you to let me in.
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1. Do not tell what the person did, but tell what he meant.
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* **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus' feet ...** (Luke 8:41)
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* **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet ...** (Luke 8:41)
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* Behold, a man named Jairus ... showed Jesus great respect ...
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* **Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking.** (Revelation 3:20)
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* Look, I am standing at the door and asking you to let me in.
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1. Use an action from your own culture that has the same meaning.
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* **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus' feet ...** (Luke 8:41 ULB) - Since Jairus actually did this, we would not substitute an action from our own culture.
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* **Behold, a man named Jairus ... fell down at Jesus's feet ...** (Luke 8:41 ULB) - Since Jairus actually did this, we would not substitute an action from our own culture.
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* **Look, I am standing at the door and am knocking.** (Revelation 3:20 ULB) - Jesus was not standing at a real door. Rather he was speaking about wanting to have a relationship with people. So in cultures where it is polite to clear one's throat when wanting to be let into a house, you could use that.
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* Look, I am standing at the door and clearing my throat.
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@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ The first sentence tells about two events. Hagar gave birth and Abraham named hi
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><u>Now</u> Jesus himself, when he began to teach, <u>was about thirty years of age</u>. He <u>was the son</u> (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli. (Luke 3:23 ULB)
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The verses before Luke 3:23 tell about when Jesus was baptized. English uses the word "Now" to show that there is some kind of change in the kind of information being given. These sentences give background information about Jesus' age and ancestors. The story starts up again in chapter 4 where it tells about Jesus going to the wilderness.
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The verses before Luke 3:23 tell about when Jesus was baptized. English uses the word "Now" to show that there is some kind of change in the kind of information being given. These sentences give background information about Jesus's age and ancestors. The story starts up again in chapter 4 where it tells about Jesus going to the wilderness.
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>Now <u>it happened on a Sabbath</u> that Jesus <u>was going through the grain fields</u> and his disciples <u>were picking the heads of grain</u>, rubbing them between their hands, and eating the grain. But some of the Pharisees said ... (Luke 6:1-2a ULB)
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These verses give the setting of the story. The events took place in a grain field on the Sabbath day. Jesus, his disciples, and some Pharisees were there, and Jesus' disciples were picking heads of grain and eating them. The main action in the story starts with the sentence, "But some of the Pharisees said."
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These verses give the setting of the story. The events took place in a grain field on the Sabbath day. Jesus, his disciples, and some Pharisees were there, and Jesus's disciples were picking heads of grain and eating them. The main action in the story starts with the sentence, "But some of the Pharisees said."
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>Now Deborah, a prophetess <u>(the wife of Lappidoth)</u>, <u>was</u> a leading judge in Israel at that time. She <u>used to sit</u> under the palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the people of Israel came to her to settle their disputes. She sent for Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali. (Judges 4:4-6 ULB)
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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### Description
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There are different types of information that may be given at the end of a story. Often this is background information. This background information is different from the actions that make up the main part of the story. A book of the Bible is often made up of many smaller stories that are part of the larger story of the book itself. For example, the story of Jesus' birth is a smaller story in the larger story of the book of Luke. Each of these stories, whether large or small, can have background information at the end of it.
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There are different types of information that may be given at the end of a story. Often this is background information. This background information is different from the actions that make up the main part of the story. A book of the Bible is often made up of many smaller stories that are part of the larger story of the book itself. For example, the story of Jesus's birth is a smaller story in the larger story of the book of Luke. Each of these stories, whether large or small, can have background information at the end of it.
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#### Different purposes for end of story information
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@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ There may be a note about direct and indirect quotes when a quote has another qu
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>He instructed him <u>to tell no one</u> but told him "Go on your way ... (Luke 5:14 ULB)
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* **He instructed him to tell no one but told him "Go on your way** - Jesus' instruction can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "'Do not tell anyone, but go on your way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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* **He instructed him to tell no one but told him "Go on your way** - Jesus's instruction can be stated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: "'Do not tell anyone, but go on your way" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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Here the translationNote shows how to change the indirect quote to a direct quote, in case that would be clearer or more natural in the target language.
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@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ When the ULB translators could translate the text in a way such that readers can
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This note has the ULB text followed by three possible meanings. The word translated by "the folds of your robe" refers to the loose parts of the robe. Most scholars believe it refers here to the sleeves, but it could also refer to the loose part at the bottom or also to the folds in the middle, around the belt.
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>But Simon Peter, when he saw it, <u>fell down at Jesus' knees</u>, saying, "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord." (Luke 5:8 ULB)
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>But Simon Peter, when he saw it, <u>fell down at Jesus's knees</u>, saying, "Depart from me, for I am a sinful man, Lord." (Luke 5:8 ULB)
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* **fell down at Jesus' knees** - Possible meanings are 1) "knelt down before Jesus" or 2) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 3) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus.
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* **fell down at Jesus's knees** - Possible meanings are 1) "knelt down before Jesus" or 2) "bowed down at Jesus feet" or 3) "lay down on the ground at Jesus feet." Peter did not fall accidentally. He did this as a sign of humility and respect for Jesus.
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### Translation Strategies
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ One kind of 'unknown idea' are words that refer to Jewish and Christian religiou
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**Titles of people who hold an office** such as:
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* Priest (someone who is chosen to offer sacrifices to God on behalf of his people)
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* Pharisee (important group of Israel's religious leaders in Jesus' time)
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* Pharisee (important group of Israel's religious leaders in Jesus's time)
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* Prophet (person who delivers messages that come directly from God)
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* Son of Man
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* Son of God
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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There are many different things that we can do to help us to discover the meaning of the text, that is, to make sure that we understand what the text is trying to say. Here are a few suggestions:
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1. Read the whole passage through before you translate it. Understand the main point of the whole passage before you begin to translate it. If it is a narrative passage, such as a story of one of Jesus' miracles, picture the original situation. Imagine you were there. Imagine how people felt.
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1. Read the whole passage through before you translate it. Understand the main point of the whole passage before you begin to translate it. If it is a narrative passage, such as a story of one of Jesus's miracles, picture the original situation. Imagine you were there. Imagine how people felt.
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1. When translating the Bible, always use at least two versions of the Bible together as your source text. Comparing two versions will help you to think about the meaning, so that you do not just follow the words of one version literally. The two versions should be:
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* One version that follows the form of the original language fairly closely, such as the Unlocked Literal Bible (ULB).
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ The ULB often simply presents the symbolic action with no explanation of what it
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When you translate, you should decide whether your audience will correctly understand a symbolic action. If your audience will not understand, then you should do as the UDB does. (see [Symbolic Action](../translate-symaction/01.md))
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>The high priest <u>tore his garments</u> ... (Mark 14:63 ULB)
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><u>In response to Jesus' words,</u> the high priest <u>was so shocked that he</u> tore his outer garment. (Mark 14:63 UDB)
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><u>In response to Jesus's words,</u> the high priest <u>was so shocked that he</u> tore his outer garment. (Mark 14:63 UDB)
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Here the UDB makes it clear that it was not by accident that the high priest tore his garment. It also makes clear that it was probably only his outer garment that he tore, and that he did so because he wanted to show that he was sad or angry or both.
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