PDF Isaiah 1-35

isa/31/01.md

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ The phrase "go down" is used here because Egypt is lower in Elevation than Jerus
 
 This speaks about people relying on their horses to help them as if they were leaning on their horses. Alternate translation: "rely on their horses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
+# they are mighty
+
+The word "mighty" here implies that they are mighty because there are so many of them.
+
 # Holy One of Israel
 
 See how you translated this name in [Isaiah 1:4](../01/04.md).

isa/31/07.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# that your own hands have sinfully made
+# that your own hands have made as a sin
 
 Here the people are referred to by their "hands" the emphasize that they made something with their hands. Alternate translation: "that you have sinned by making with you own hands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 

isa/32/07.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 This refers to a person who deceives others. Alternate translation: "The deceptive person's" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
 
-# to ruin the poor with lies
+# to destroy the poor with deceitful words
 
-"The poor" refers to poor people. Also, the phrase "to ruin" does not means to kill them but to harm them by telling lies about them. Alternate translation: "to harm the poor people by telling lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
+"The poor" refers to poor people. Also, the phrase "to destroy" does not means to kill them but to harm them by telling lies about them. Alternate translation: "to harm the poor people by telling lies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
 

isa/32/09.md

@@ -10,3 +10,7 @@
 
 Isaiah refers to himself by his voice to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: "me speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
+# give ear to my word
+
+The phrase "give ear" is a metonym for listening with the ear, and it implies that the hearer is to obey a command or act in accordance with what he learns. Alternate translation: "listen to what I am saying and prepare to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+

isa/32/11.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ shake from fear
 
 Here "bare" does not necessarily mean naked, but to wear minimal covering such as undergarments. Alternate translation: "take off you fine clothes and make yourself unclothed" or "take off your fancy clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# put on sackcloth around your waists
+# gird your loins with sackcloth
 
-This is an act of grieving or mourning. Alternate translation: "put sackcloth around waists as you grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
+The girding of loins with sackcloth is an act of grieving or mourning. "Gird your loins" is also a metonym, a command to prepare for work or battle, so this is an ironic way of emphasizing how miserable the people will be. Alternate translation: "put sackcloth around waists as you grieve" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-irony]])
 

isa/32/13.md

@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
 
 See how you translated this phrase in [Isaiah 5:6](../05/06.md).
 
-# the once joyful houses
+# in all the joyful houses in the jubilant city
 
-Here the houses are described as joyful because of the joyful people in them. Alternate translation: "your houses where you were once joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
+"in all the formerly joyful houses in the formerly jubilant city." The houses and city will not be joyful after the thorns and briers grow up.
 
-# the city of revelry
+# the joyful houses
 
-"your joyful city." The word "revelry" means celebrating and partying.
+Here the houses are described as joyful because of the joyful people in them. Alternate translation: "your houses where you were joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+
+# the jubilant city
+
+Here the city is described as joyful because of the joyful people in it. Alternate translation: "your city where you were joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

isa/32/19.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:2](../28/02.md).
 
-# hail flattens the forest and the city is completely leveled,
+# hail flattens the forest and the city is completely brought down
 
 This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "hail destroys the forest and completely destroys the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/33/04.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Your spoil is gathered as the locusts gather; as locusts leap, men leap on it
+# Your plunder is gathered as the locusts gather; as locusts leap, men leap on it
 
 This compares how quick and eager Yahweh's people are when they gather the spoils from their enemies to the eagerness of locusts when they gather food. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Your people gather spoils from your enemies with the same fierceness as the locusts have who devour green plants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/33/07.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This word is used here to draw peoples' attention to what is said next. It is al
 
 messengers
 
-# the diplomats hoping for peace weep bitterly
+# the ambassadors of peace weep bitterly
 
-This means they weep because they do not succeed in making peace. Alternate translation: "the diplomats hope for peace but they do not succeed and so they weep bitterly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
+This means they weep because they do not succeed in making peace. Alternate translation: "the ambassadors who hope for peace do not succeed, and so they weep bitterly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 

isa/33/14.md

@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ It is implied that the sinners in Zion ask these questions. Alternate translatio
 
 # Who among us can sojourn with a raging fire? Who among us can sojourn with everlasting burnings?
 
-These rhetorial questions have basically the same meaning and emphasize that no one can live with fire. Here fire represents Yahweh's judgment. Alternate translation: "No one can live with raging fire! No one can live with everylasting burns!" or "No one can live bearing Yahweh's judgment, it is like an everlasting fire!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+These rhetorial questions have basically the same meaning and emphasize that no one can live with fire. Here fire represents Yahweh's judgment. Alternate translation: "No one can live with raging fire! No one can sojourn where things are always burning!" or "No one can live bearing Yahweh's judgment, it is like an everlasting fire!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
 # sojourn
 
 live in a place that is not one's home
 
+# everlasting burnings
+
+"things that never stop burning"
+

isa/33/16.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# this is the man who will dwell on the heights, his place of defense will be the fortress among the cliffs
+# this is the man who will dwell on the heights, his stronghold will be the fortress among the cliffs
 
 This speaks of the man being safe as if he lived in a home on a high hill. These two phrase are parallel and the second phrase describes the place where the man lives. Alternate translation: "he will be safe, like a man who home is built on a high hill, in a rocky place that is easy to defend" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 

isa/33/19.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# the defiant people, a people of a strange language that you do not understand
+# General Information:
 
-"a fierce people who speak a language that you do not understand"
+This page has intentionally been left blank.
 

isa/33/23.md

@@ -10,9 +10,13 @@ tall poles that support the sail
 
 a large cloth that fills with wind and moves a boat through the water
 
-# when the great spoil is divided
+# when the plunder of abundant prey is divided
 
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when they divide the treasure" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "when they divide the plunder of abundant prey" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+
+# the plunder of abundant prey
+
+"the plunder they can take from all of their victims"
 
 # the lame
 

isa/34/01.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 Yahweh is speaking in poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
 
-# The earth and all that fills it must listen, the world and all things that come from it
+# The earth and all that fills it must listen, the world and all its produce
 
 Here the earth is spoken of as being required to listen to Yahweh to emphasize that it is under Yahweh's authority. These two parallel phrases are metonyms for all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "In all places everywhere on earth, everyone must listen to what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# the world and all things that come from it
+# the world and all its produce
 
 This is the second of two parallel phrases. The understood words may be supplied in this phrase. Alternate translation: "the world and all things that come from it must listen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-ellipsis]])
 

isa/34/04.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# the host of heaven
+
+The stars in the sky are spoken of as an army.
+
 # the sky will be rolled up like a scroll
 
 This can be stated in active form. This compares what Yahweh will do to the sky to a person rolling up a scroll. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will roll up the sky in the same way that a person rolls up a scroll" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])

isa/34/07.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 "will die"
 
+# young bulls with the mighty ones
+
+"both young bulls and mighty bulls" or "both weak and strong bulls"
+
 # Their land will be drunk with blood
 
 This describes the amount of blood that will soak into the ground by comparing the land to a drunk person. Alternate translation: "Their land will be soaked with blood" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])

isa/34/14.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# wild animals
+# wild animals of the desert
 
 Translate this the same as you did in [Isaiah 13:21](../13/21.md).
 

isa/35/02.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 This compares the way the plants of the desert blossom to the way a rose (verse 1) has many blossoms. Alternate translation: "The desert will grow many new plants and trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
-# and rejoice with joy and singing
+# and rejoice with joy and joyful shouting
 
-This speaks of the desert as if it were happy and singing like a person. Alternate translation: "it will be as though everything is rejoicing and singing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
+This speaks of the desert as if it were happy and shouting joyfully like a person. Alternate translation: "it will be as though everything is rejoicing and shouting joyfully" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
 # the glory of Lebanon will be given to it
 

isa/35/03.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Isaiah is speaking to the people of Judah.
 
-# Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake.
+# Strengthen the weak hands, and make steady the knees that shake.
 
 The words "weak hands" and "knees that shake" represent a person who is fearful. Alternate translation: "Strengthen those whose hands are weak and whose knees shake from fear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 

isa/35/06.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 Deer can jump far and high. Jumping like a deer is an exaggeration for being able to move about quickly and easily. Alternate translation: "the lame man will jump high" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
 
-# the mute tongue will sing
+# the mute tongue will shout for joy
 
-This refers to people who cannot speak. They are referred to by their "tongues" to emphasize their healing. Alternate translation: "mute people will sing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
+This refers to people who cannot speak. They are referred to by their "tongues" to emphasize their healing. Alternate translation: "mute people will shout for joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-synecdoche]])
 
 # streams in the wilderness