en_tn_lite_do_not_use/jud/01/12.md

# Connecting Statement:

Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them.

# These people

The word "These" refers to the "ungodly men" of [Jude 1:4](../01/04.md).

# dangerous reefs

Reefs are large rocks that are very close to the surface of water in the sea. Because sailors cannot see them, they are very dangerous. Ships can easily be destroyed if they hit these rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# autumn trees, without fruit—twice dead, uprooted

These words contain two metaphors for dead people and apply them both to "these people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# autumn trees, without fruit

This is the first metaphor for dead people. Trees in autumn look dead because their leaves have all fallen off, as has the fruit of fruit trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# twice dead, uprooted

This is the second metaphor for dead people. After these "autumn trees" have lost their leaves and fruit, they die their first metaphorical death. Then people uproot them, and they die their second metaphorical death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# uprooted

completely pulled out of the ground so their roots dry out