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Proofread.edits (#228)

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Joel D. Ruark 2019-10-18 11:36:19 +00:00 committed by Gogs
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ This sounds like a person must first open the scroll and then break its seals, b
### Translation Strategies
1. If your language uses phrases or time words to show that an event happened before one that was already mentioned, consider using one of them.
1. If your language uses verb tense or aspect to show that an event happened before one that was already mentioned, consider using that. (See: the section on Aspect on [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md))
1. If your language uses verb tense or aspect to show that an event happened before one that was already mentioned, consider using that. (See: the section on Aspect of [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md))
1. If your language prefers to tell events in the order that they occurred, consider reordering the events so they they are in that order. This may require putting two or more verses together (like 5-6). (See: [Verse Bridges](../translate-versebridge/01.md))
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ This sounds like a person must first open the scroll and then break its seals, b
(2) If your language uses verb tense or aspect to show that an event happened before one that was already mentioned, consider using that.
> **<sup> 8</sup> Just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams’ horns before Yahweh, as they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets…<sup> 10</sup> But Joshua commanded the people, saying, “Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then must you shout.”** (Joshua 6:8-10 ULT)
>> <sup> 8</sup> Just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams horns before Yahweh, as they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets…<sup> 10</sup> But Joshua <u>had commanded</u> the people, saying, “Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then must you shout.
>> <sup> 8</sup> Just as Joshua had said to the people, the seven priests carried the seven trumpets of rams' horns before Yahweh, as they advanced, they gave a blast on the trumpets…<sup> 10</sup> But Joshua <u>had commanded</u> the people, saying, “Do not shout. No sound must leave your mouths until the day I tell you to shout. Only then must you shout.
(3) If your language prefers to tell events in the order that they occur, consider reordering the events. This may require putting two or more verses together (like 5-6).

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@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ The underlined phrases above do not refer to a specific man. They refer to any m
#### Reason this is a translation issue
Different languages have different ways of showing that noun phrases refer to something in general. Translators should refer to these general ideas in ways that are natural in their language.
Different languages have different ways of showing that noun phrases refer to something in general. You (the translator) should refer to these general ideas in ways that are natural in your language.
### Examples from the Bible
> The <u>one who does what is right</u> is kept away from trouble and it comes upon <u>the wicked</u> instead. (Proverbs 11:8 ULT)
The underlined phrases above do not refer to any specific people but to anyone who does what is right or anyone who is wicked.
The underlined phrases above do not refer to a specific person but to anyone who does what is right or anyone who is wicked.
> People curse <u>the man who refuses to sell them grain</u>. (Proverbs 11:26 ULT)
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The phrase “a good man” does not refer to a particular man, but to any perso
### Translation Strategies
If your language can use the same wording as in the ULT to refer to people or things in general rather than to specific individuals or things, consider using the same wording. Here are some strategies you might use.
If your language can use the same wording as in the ULT to refer to people or things in general rather than to specific individuals or things, consider using the same wording. If not, here are some strategies you might use.
1. Use the word “the” in the noun phrase.
1. Use the word “a” in the noun phrase.

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### Description
Different languages have different ways of determining whether to use the words “go” or “come” and whether to use the words “take” or “bring” when talking about motion. For example, when saying that they are approaching a person who has called them, English speakers say “I’m coming,” while Spanish speakers say “I’m going.” You will need to translate the words “go” and “come” (and also “take” and “bring”) in a way that your readers will understand which direction people are moving in.
Different languages have different ways of determining whether to use the words “go” or “come” and whether to use the words “take” or “bring” when talking about motion. For example, when saying that they are approaching a person who has called them, English speakers say “I’m coming,” while Spanish speakers say “I’m going.” You will need to study the context in order to understand what is meant by the words "go" and "come" (and also “take” and “bring”), and then translate those words in a way that your readers will understand which direction people are moving in.
### Reason this is a translation issue
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ In some languages, this would lead people to think that Yahweh was in the ark.
> But you will be free from my oath if you <u>come</u> to my relatives and they will not give her to you. Then you will be free from my oath. (Genesis 24:41 ULT)
Abraham was speaking to his servant. Abraham’s relatives lived far away, from where he and his servant were standing and he wanted his servant to <u>go</u> to them, not <u>come</u> toward Abraham.
Abraham was speaking to his servant. Abraham’s relatives lived far away from where he and his servant were standing and he wanted his servant to <u>go</u> to them, not <u>come</u> toward Abraham.
> When you have <u>come</u> to the land that Yahweh your God gives you, and when you take possession of it and begin to live in it… (Deuteronomy 17:14 ULT)

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### Description
Parts of speech are categories of words. The different categories of words have different functions in a sentence. All languages have parts of speech, and all words in a language belong to a part of speech. Most languages have these basic parts of speech, with some variations, and some languages have more categories than this. This is not an exhaustive list of parts of speech, but it covers the basic categories.
Parts of speech are categories of words. The different categories of words have different functions in a sentence. All languages have parts of speech, and all words in a language belong to a part of speech. Most languages have these basic parts of speech, with some variations, and some languages have more categories than this. This is not a completely universal list of parts of speech, but it covers the basic categories.
**VERBS** are words that express either an action (such as come, go, eat) or a state-of-being (such as is, are, was). More detailed information can be found on [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md).
**VERBS** are words that express either an action (such as "come", "go", "eat") or a state-of-being (such as "is", "are", "was"). More detailed information can be found on [Verbs](../figs-verbs/01.md).
**NOUNS** are words that represent a person, place, thing, or idea. Common nouns are generic, that is, they do not refer to any specific entity (man, city, country). Names, or proper nouns, refer to a specific entity (Peter, Jerusalem, Egypt). (For more information see) [How to Translate Names](../translate-names/01.md).
**NOUNS** are words that refer to a person, place, thing, or idea. Common nouns are generic, that is, they do not refer to any specific entity ("man", "city", "country"). Names, or proper nouns, refer to a specific entity ("Peter", "Jerusalem", "Egypt"). (For more information see) [How to Translate Names](../translate-names/01.md).
**PRONOUNS** take the place of nouns and include such words as he, she, it, you, they, and we. More detailed pages on pronouns can be found on [Pronouns](../figs-pronouns/01.md).
**PRONOUNS** take the place of nouns and include such words as "he", "she", "it", "you", "they", and "we", and others. More detailed pages on pronouns can be found on [Pronouns](../figs-pronouns/01.md).
**CONJUNCTIONS** are words that join phrases or sentences. Examples include and, or, but, for, yet, nor. Some conjunctions are used in pairs: both/and; either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also. More information about these can be found on [Connecting Words](../writing-connectingwords/01.md)
**CONJUNCTIONS** are words that join phrases or sentences. Examples include "and", "or", "but", "for", "yet", "nor", and others. Some conjunctions are used in pairs: both/and; either/or; neither/nor; not only/but also. More information about these can be found on [Connecting Words](../writing-connectingwords/01.md)
**PREPOSITIONS** are words that begin phrases which connect a noun or verb with more detail about that noun or verb. For example, “The girl ran <u>to her father</u>.” Here the phrase with the preposition “to” tells the direction of the girl’s running (the action) in relation to her father. Another example is, “The crowd <u>around Jesus</u> grew in numbers.” The phrase with the preposition <u>around</u> tells the location of the crowd in relation to Jesus. Some examples of prepositions are to, from, in, out, on, off, with, without, above, below, before, after, behind, in front of, among, through, beyond, among.
**PREPOSITIONS** are words that begin phrases which connect a noun or verb with something else in the sentence that gives more detail about that noun or verb. For example, “The girl ran <u>to her father</u>.” Here the phrase with the preposition “to” tells the direction of the girl’s running (the action) in relation to her father. Another example is, “The crowd <u>around Jesus</u> grew in numbers.” The phrase with the preposition <u>around</u> tells the location of the crowd in relation to Jesus. Some examples of prepositions are "to", "from", "in", "out", "on", "off", "with", "without", "above", "below", "before", "after", "behind", "in front of", "among", "through", "beyond", "among".
**ARTICLES** are words that are used with nouns to show whether or not the speaker is referring to something that his listener should be able to identify. In English these words are: “a”, an, the. The words <u>a</u> and <u>an</u> mean the same thing. If a speaker says “<u>a dog,</u> he does not expect his listener to know which dog he is talking about; this might be the first time he says anything about a dog. If a speaker says <u>the</u> dog, he is usually referring to a specific dog, and he expects his listener to know which dog he is talking about. English speakers also use <u>the</u> to show that they are talking about something in general. For example, they can say “<u>The</u> elephant is a large animal” and refer to elephants in general, not a specific elephant. More information about this can be found on [Generic Noun Phrases](../figs-genericnoun/01.md).
**ARTICLES** are words that are used with nouns to show whether or not the speaker is referring to something that his listener should be able to identify. In English these words are: “a”, "an", and "the". The words <u>a</u> and <u>an</u> mean the same thing. If a speaker says “<u>a dog,</u> he does not expect his listener to know which dog he is talking about; this might be the first time he says anything about a dog. If a speaker says <u>the</u> dog, he is usually referring to a specific dog, and he expects his listener to know which dog he is talking about. English speakers also use the article <u>the</u> to show that they are talking about something in general. For example, they can say “<u>The</u> elephant is a large animal” and refer to elephants in general, not a specific elephant. *NOTE: Not all languages use articles in exactly the same way.* For example, articles can mean different things in Greek than in Hebrew. More information about this can be found on [Generic Noun Phrases](../figs-genericnoun/01.md).
**ADJECTIVES** are words that describe nouns and express such things as quantity, size, color, and age. Some examples are: many, big, blue, old, smart, tired. Sometimes people use adjectives to give some information about something, and sometimes people use them to distinguish one item from another. For example, in <u>my elderly father</u> the adjective <u>elderly</u> simply tells something about my father. But in <u>my eldest sister</u> the word <u>eldest</u> distinguishes that sister from any other older sisters I might have. More information about this can be found on [Distinguishing versus Informing or Reminding](../figs-distinguish/01.md).
**ADJECTIVES** are words that describe nouns and express such things as quantity, size, color, and age. Some examples are: "many", "big", "blue", "old", "smart", "tired", and many, many others. Sometimes people use adjectives to give some information about something, and sometimes people use them to distinguish one item from another. For example, in the phrase <u>my elderly father</u> the adjective <u>elderly</u> simply tells something about my father. But in the phrase <u>my eldest sister</u> the word <u>eldest</u> distinguishes that sister from any other older sisters I might have. More information about this can be found on [Distinguishing versus Informing or Reminding](../figs-distinguish/01.md).
**ADVERBS** are words that describe verbs or adjectives and tell such things as how, when, where, why, and to what extent. Many English adverbs end in <u>ly</u>. Some examples of adverbs: slowly, later, far, intentionally, very.
**ADVERBS** are words that describe verbs or adjectives and tell such things as how something happens, when it happens, where it happens, why it happens, or to what extent it happens. Many English adverbs end in <u>ly</u>. Some examples of adverbs include the words "slowly", "later", "far", "intentionally", "very", and many others.