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justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#383)
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Larry Sallee
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@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ The vision of unfoldingWord is **the church in every people group and the Bible
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Jesus commanded his disciples to make disciples of EVERY people group:
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> “Jesus came to them and spoke to them and said, ‘All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations. Baptize them into the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Teach them to obey all the things that I have commanded you. And see, I am with you always, even to the end of the world.’” (Matthew 28:18-20 ULT)
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> Jesus came to them and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to me in heaven and on the earth. Go, therefore, and make disciples of all the nations. Baptize them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Teach them to obey all the things that I have commanded you. See, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” (Matthew 28:18-20 ULT)
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We have the promise that people from EVERY language will be in heaven:
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> “After these things I saw, and behold, there was a great crowd, which no one was able to number, out of every nation, tribe, people, and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb.” (Revelation 7:9 ULT)
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> “After these things I looked, and there was a huge multitude that no one could count—from every nation, tribe, people, and language—standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb.” (Revelation 7:9 ULT)
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Understanding the Word of God in one’s heart language is important:
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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### Description
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The term “biblical imagery” refers in a general way to any kind of language in which an image is paired with an idea such that the image represents the idea. This general definition is applied most directly to [metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md) but can also includes [similes](../figs-simile/01.md), [metonymies](../figs-metonymy/01.md), and cultural models.
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The term “biblical imagery” refers in a general way to any kind of language in which an image is paired with an idea such that the image represents the idea. This general definition is applied most directly to [metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md) but can also include [similes](../figs-simile/01.md), [metonymies](../figs-metonymy/01.md), and cultural models.
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We have included several modules about biblical imagery in order to tell about the various patterns of imagery found in the Bible. The patterns of pairings found in the Bible are often unique to the Hebrew and Greek languages. It is useful to recognize these patterns because they repeatedly present translators with the same problems regarding how to translate them. Once translators think through how they will handle these translation challenges, they will be ready to meet them anywhere they see the same patterns. See [Biblical Imagery - Common Patterns](../bita-part1/01.md) for links to pages showing common patterns of pairings between ideas in similes and metaphors.
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@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ In a metaphor, the **Image** is the physical term (object, event, action, etc.)
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In a metaphor, the **Idea** is the abstract term (concept, action, etc.) which is referred to by the physical term (object, event, action, etc.). Often, the Idea of a metaphor is not explicitly stated in the Bible, but only implied from the context.
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A **simple metaphor** is an explicit metaphor in which a single physical image is used to refer to a single abstract idea. For example, when Jesus said “I am the light of the world” (John 8:12 ULT), he was using the Image of “light” to refer to an abstract Idea about himself. NOTE: as with many simple metaphors in the Bible, the Image is explicitly stated, but the Idea is implied from the context.
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A **simple metaphor** is an explicit metaphor in which a single physical image is used to refer to a single abstract idea. For example, when Jesus said “I am the light of the world” (John 8:12 ULT), he was using the Image of “light” to refer to an abstract Idea about himself. NOTE: As with many simple metaphors in the Bible, the Image is explicitly stated, but the Idea is implied from the context.
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An **extended metaphor** is an explicit metaphor that uses multiple images and multiple ideas at the same time. For example, in Psalm 23 the psalmist writes “Yahweh is my shepherd” and then goes on to describe multiple physical aspects of the relationship between sheep and a shepherd as well as multiple abstract ideas concerning the relationship between himself and Yahweh.
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A **complex metaphor** is an implicit metaphor that uses multiple images and multiple ideas at the same time. *Complex metaphors are very similar to extended metaphors, except that they are implied by the text rather than explicitly stated. Because of this, complex metaphors can be very difficult to identify in the Bible.* For example, in Ephesians 6:10-20 the apostle Paul describes how a Christian should prepare to resist temptation by comparing abstract ideas to pieces of armor worn by a soldier. The term “full armor of God” is not a combination of several simple metaphors (where the belt represents truth, the helmet represents salvation, etc.). Rather, the unstated complex metaphor PREPARATION IS GETTING DRESSED underlies the entire description as a whole. The apostle Paul was using the physical Image of a soldier putting on his armor (that is, “GETTING DRESSED”) to refer to the abstract Idea (that is, “PREPARATION”) of a Christian preparing himself to resist temptation.
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A **complex metaphor** is an implicit metaphor that uses multiple images and multiple ideas at the same time. Complex metaphors are very similar to extended metaphors, except that they are implied by the text rather than explicitly stated. Because of this, complex metaphors can be very difficult to identify in the Bible. For example, in Ephesians 6:10-20 the apostle Paul describes how a Christian should prepare to resist temptation by comparing abstract ideas to pieces of armor worn by a soldier. The term “full armor of God” is not a combination of several simple metaphors (where the belt represents truth, the helmet represents salvation, etc.). Rather, the unstated complex metaphor PREPARATION IS GETTING DRESSED underlies the entire description as a whole. The apostle Paul was using the physical Image of a soldier putting on his armor (that is, “GETTING DRESSED”) to refer to the abstract Idea (that is, “PREPARATION”) of a Christian preparing himself to resist temptation.
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In our translation helps, we use the term **cultural model** to refer to either an extended metaphor or a complex metaphor that is widely used within a specific culture which may or may not be used within a different culture. See [Biblical Imagery - Cultural Models](../bita-part3/01.md) for a list of some cultural models found in the Bible.
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In our translation helps, we use the term **cultural model** to refer to either an extended metaphor or a complex metaphor that is widely used within a specific culture but which may or may not be used within a different culture. See [Biblical Imagery - Cultural Models](../bita-part3/01.md) for a list of some cultural models found in the Bible.
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### Cultural Models
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Cultural models are complex metaphors that people use to help them imagine and talk about various aspects of life and behavior. For example, Americans often think of many things, including marriage and friendship, as if they were machines. Americans might say, “His marriage is breaking down,” or “Their friendship is going full speed ahead.” Often, cultural models that are used in the Bible are not explicitly stated but must be learned by reading large amounts of text and looking for images and metaphors that are repeated in many different contexts.
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Cultural models are complex metaphors that people use to help them imagine and talk about various aspects of life and behavior. For example, Americans often think of many things, including marriage and friendship, as if they were machines. Americans might say, “His marriage is breaking up,” or “Their friendship is going full speed ahead.” Often, cultural models that are used in the Bible are not explicitly stated, but must be learned by reading large amounts of text and looking for images and metaphors that are repeated in many different contexts.
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For example, both the Old Testament and New Testament describe God as if he were a shepherd and his people were sheep. This is a cultural model that is used frequently in the Bible, and it appears as an extended metaphor in Psalm 23. In the culture of ancient Israel, GOD IS MODELED AS A SHEPHERD.
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@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ For example, both the Old Testament and New Testament describe God as if he were
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Another cultural model is found in Psalm 24, where the psalmist describes God as if he were a mighty and glorious king coming into a city. In the culture of ancient Israel, GOD IS MODELED AS A KING.
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> Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors, so that the King of glory may come in! Who is this King of glory? Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle. (Psalm 24:7-8 ULT)
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> Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors, so that the **King of glory** may come in! Who is this **King of glory**? Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle. (Psalm 24:7-8 ULT)
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>
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> Someone who breaks open their way for them will go ahead of them. They break through the gate and go out; **their king** will pass on before them. **Yahweh** will be at their head. (Micah 2:8 ULT)
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>
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> Out of his mouth goes a sharp sword, so that with it he might strike the nations, and he will shepherd them with an iron rod. He tramples in the winepress of the fury of the wrath of **God Almighty**. He has a name written on his robe and on his thigh: “**King of kings and Lord of lords**.” (Revelation 19:15-16 ULT)
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This cultural model was very common in ancient Near Eastern cultures, and the ancient Israelites who read the Bible would have understood it easily because their nation was ruled by a king. However, many modern nations are not ruled by kings, so this specific cultural model is not as easily understood in many modern cultures.
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@ -1,89 +1,94 @@
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Some common [metonymies](../figs-metonymy/01.md) and [metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md) from the Bible involving animals are listed below in alphabetical order. The word in all capital letters identifies an Image that represents an Idea. The specific word of the Image may not appear in every verse that uses the Image, but the text will communicate somehow the concept of the Image.
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Some common [metonymies](../figs-metonymy/01.md) and [metaphors](../figs-metaphor/01.md) from the Bible involving animals are listed below in alphabetical order. The word in all capital letters identifies an Image that represents an Idea. The specific word of the Image may not appear in every verse that uses the Image, but the text will somehow communicate the concept of the Image.
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#### An ANIMAL HORN represents strength
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> God is my rock. I take refuge in him.
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> He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold, and my refuge,
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> He is my shield, the **horn** of my salvation, my stronghold, and my refuge,
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> the one who saves me from violence. (2 Samuel 22:3 ULT)
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The “horn of my salvation” is the strong one who saves me.
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> There I will make the horn of David to grow. (Psalm 132:17 ULT)
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> There I will make a **horn** to sprout for David. (Psalm 132:17 ULT)
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The “horn of David” is King David’s military strength.
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The horn is King David’s military strength.
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#### BIRDS represent people who are in danger and defenseless
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This is because some birds are easily trapped.
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> My enemies have relentlessly hunted me like a bird, without cause. (Lamentations 3:52 ULT)
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> I have been hunted like a **bird** by those who were my enemies; they hunted me without a reason. (Lamentations 3:52 ULT)
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>
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> Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter,
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> like a bird from the hand of the fowler. (Proverbs 6:5 ULT)
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> like a **bird** from the hand of the fowler. (Proverbs 6:5 ULT)
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A fowler is a person who catches birds, and a snare is a small trap.
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> We have escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers;
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> We have escaped like a **bird** out of the snare of the fowlers;
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> the snare has been broken, and we have escaped. (Psalm 124:7 ULT)
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#### BIRDS THAT EAT MEAT represent enemies who attack swiftly
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In Habakkuk and Hosea, Israel’s enemies who would come and attack them were compared to an eagle.
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> and their horsemen come from a great distance—they fly like an eagle hurrying to eat! (Habakkuk 1:8 ULT)
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> An eagle is coming over the house of Yahweh.
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> …Israel has rejected what is good,
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In Habakkuk and Hosea, Israel’s enemies who would come and attack them were compared to an eagle.
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> Their horsemen come from a great distance—they fly like an **eagle** hurrying to eat! (Habakkuk 1:8 ULT)
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>
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> An **eagle** is coming over the house of Yahweh.
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> . . . Israel has rejected what is good,
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> and the enemy will pursue him. (Hosea 8:1,3 ULT)
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In Isaiah, God called a certain foreign king a bird of prey because he would come quickly and attack Israel’s enemies.
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> I call a bird of prey from the east, the man of my choice from a distant land; (Isaiah 46:11 ULT)
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> I call a **bird of prey** from the east, the man of my choice from a distant land. (Isaiah 46:11 ULT)
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#### A BIRD’S WINGS represent protection
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This is because birds spread their wings over their chicks to protect them from danger.
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> Protect me like the apple of your eye; hide me under the shadow of your wings
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> Protect me like the apple of your eye; hide me under the shadow of **your wings**
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> from the presence of the wicked ones who assault me, my enemies who surround me. (Psalms 17:8-9 ULT)
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Here is another example of how the wings represent protection.
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> Be merciful to me, God, be merciful to me,
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> for I take refuge in you until these troubles are over.
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> I stay under your wings for protection until this destruction is over. (Psalm 57:1 ULT)
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> I stay under **your wings** for protection until this destruction is over. (Psalm 57:1 ULT)
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#### DANGEROUS ANIMALS represent dangerous people
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In Psalms, David referred to his enemies as lions.
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> My life is among lions;
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> My life is among **lions**;
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> I am among those who are ready to devour me.
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> I am among people whose teeth are spears and arrows,
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> and whose tongues are sharp swords.
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> Be exalted, God, above the heavens (Psalm 57:4 ULT)
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> and whose tongues are sharp swords. (Psalm 57:4 ULT)
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Peter called the devil a roaring lion.
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> Be sober, be watchful. Your adversary—the devil—like a roaring lion is stalking around, looking for someone to devour. (1 Peter 5:8 ULT)
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> Be sober, be watchful. Your adversary—the devil—like a roaring **lion** is stalking around, looking for someone to devour. (1 Peter 5:8 ULT)
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In Matthew, Jesus called false prophets wolves because of the harm they did to people by their lies.
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> Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but are truly ravenous wolves. (Matthew 7:15 ULT)
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> Beware of false prophets, those who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous **wolves**. (Matthew 7:15 ULT)
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In Matthew, John the Baptist called the religious leaders poisonous snakes because of the harm they did by teaching lies.
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> But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to him for baptism, he said to them, “You offspring of poisonous snakes, who warned you to flee from the wrath that is coming? (Matthew 3:7 ULT)
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> But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to him for baptism, he said to them, “You offspring of **vipers**, who warned you to flee from the wrath that is coming? (Matthew 3:7 ULT)
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#### EAGLES represent strength
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> He satisfies your life with good things
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> so that your youth is renewed like the eagle. (Psalm 103:5 ULT)
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> so that your youth is renewed like the **eagle**. (Psalm 103:5 ULT)
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> For Yahweh says this, “See, the enemy will come flying like an eagle, spreading out his wings over Moab.” (Jeremiah 48:40 ULT)
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> For Yahweh says this, “See, the enemy will come flying like an **eagle**, spreading out his wings over Moab.” (Jeremiah 48:40 ULT)
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#### SHEEP or a FLOCK OF SHEEP represents people who need to be led or are in danger
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> My people have been a lost flock. Their shepherds have led them astray in the mountains; (Jeremiah 50:6 ULT)
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> He led his own people out like sheep and guided them through the wilderness like a flock. (Psalm 78:52 ULT)
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> Israel is a sheep scattered and driven away by lions. First the king of Assyria devoured him;
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> My people have been a lost **flock**. Their shepherds have led them astray in the mountains. (Jeremiah 50:6 ULT)
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>
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> He led his own people out like **sheep** and guided them through the wilderness like a **flock**. (Psalm 78:52 ULT)
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>
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> Israel is a **sheep** scattered and driven away by lions. First the king of Assyria devoured him;
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> then after this, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon broke his bones. (Jeremiah 50:17 ULT)
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> See, I send you out as sheep in the midst of wolves, so be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves. Watch out for people! They will deliver you up to councils, and they will whip you in their synagogues. (Matthew 10:16 ULT)
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> See, I send you out as **sheep** in the midst of wolves, so be as wise as serpents and harmless as doves. (Matthew 10:16 ULT)
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#### A FARMER represents God, and the VINEYARD represents his chosen people
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> My well beloved had a vineyard on a very fertile hill.
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> He spaded it and removed the stones, and planted it with the choicest vine.
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> My well beloved had a **vineyard** on a very fertile hill.
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> He spaded it, removed the stones, and planted it with an excellent kind of vine.
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> He built a tower in the middle of it, and also built a winepress.
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> He waited for it to produce grapes, but it produced wild grapes. (Isaiah 5:1-2)
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> For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard. (Matthew 20:1 ULT)
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> There was a man, a person with extensive land. He planted a vineyard, set a hedge about it, dug a winepress in it, built a watchtower, and rented it out to vine growers. Then he went into another country. (Matthew 21:33 ULT)
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> He waited for it to produce grapes, but it only produced wild grapes. (Isaiah 5:1-2)
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>
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> For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his **vineyard**. (Matthew 20:1 ULT)
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>
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> There was a man, a landowner. He planted a **vineyard**, set a hedge about it, dug a winepress in it, built a watchtower, and rented it out to vine growers. Then he went into another country. (Matthew 21:33 ULT)
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#### The GROUND represents people’s hearts (inner being)
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> For Yahweh says this to each person in Judah and Jerusalem: ‘Plow your own ground,
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> For Yahweh says this to each person in Judah and Jerusalem: ‘Plow your own **ground**,
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> and do not sow among thorns. (Jeremiah 4:3 ULT)
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> When anyone hears the word of the kingdom but does not understand it.…This is the seed that was sown beside the road. What was sown on rocky ground is the person who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy….What was sown among the thorn plants, this is the person who hears the word, but the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word.…What was sown on the good soil, this is the person who hears the word and understands it. (Matthew 13:19-23 ULT)
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> Break up your unplowed ground,
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> for it is time to seek Yahweh.…(Hosea 10:12 ULT)
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>
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> When anyone hears the word of the kingdom but does not understand it . . . This is the seed that was sown **beside the road**. That which was sown on **rocky ground** is the person who hears the word and immediately receives it with joy . . . That which was sown **among the thorn plants**, this is the person who hears the word, but the cares of the world and the deceitfulness of riches choke the word . . . That which was sown on the **good soil**, this is the person who hears the word and understands it. (Matthew 13:19-23 ULT)
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>
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> Break up your **unplowed ground**,
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> for it is time to seek Yahweh. Hosea 10:12 ULT)
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#### SOWING represents actions or attitudes, and REAPING represents judgment or reward
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> Based on what I have observed, those who plow iniquity
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> and sow trouble reap the same. (Job 4:8 ULT)
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> Do not be deceived. God is not mocked. Whatever a man plants, that is what he will also harvest. For he who sows seed to his own sinful nature will harvest destruction, but he who sows seed to the Spirit, will harvest eternal life from the Spirit. (Galatians 6:7-8 ULT)
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> According to what I have seen, those who plow iniquity and **sow** trouble **reap** it. (Job 4:8 ULT)
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>
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> Do not be deceived. God is not mocked, for whatever a man **plants**, that he will also **gather** in. For he who **plants** seed to his own sinful nature, from the sinful nature **will gathe**r in destruction. But the one who **plants** seed to the Spirit, from the Spirit **will gather** in eternal life.
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>
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> (Galatians 6:7-8 ULT)
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#### THRESHING and WINNOWING represent the separation of evil people from good people
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After farmers harvest wheat and other types of grain, they bring them to a _threshing floor_, a flat place with hard ground, and have oxen pull heavy wheeled carts or sleds without wheels over the grain to _thresh_ it, to separate the usable grains from the useless chaff. Then they take large forks and _winnow_ the threshed grain by throwing it up in the air so the wind can carry off the chaff while the grains fall back to the threshing floor, where they can be gathered and used for food. (see *thresh* and *winnow* pages in [unfoldingWord® Translation Words](http://ufw.io/tw/) for help translating “thresh” and “winnow”)
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After farmers harvest wheat and other types of grain, they bring them to a **threshing floor**, a flat place with hard ground, and have oxen pull heavy wheeled carts or sleds without wheels over the grain to **thresh** it, to separate the usable grains from the useless chaff. Then they take large forks and **winnow** the threshed grain by throwing it up in the air so the wind can carry off the chaff (waste) while the grains fall back to the threshing floor, where they can be gathered and used for food. (See "thresh" and "winnow" pages in [unfoldingWord® Translation Words](http://ufw.io/tw/) for help translating thresh and winnow.)
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> So I will winnow them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land. I will bereave them. I will destroy my people since they will not turn from their ways. (Jeremiah 15:7 ULT)
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> So I will **winnow** them with a pitchfork at the gates of the land. I will bereave them. I will destroy my people since they will not turn from their ways. (Jeremiah 15:7 ULT)
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> His winnowing fork is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse. But he will burn up the chaff with fire that can never be put out. (Luke 3:17 ULT)
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> His **winnowing fork** is in his hand to thoroughly clear off his **threshing floor** and to gather the wheat into his storehouse. But he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. (Luke 3:17 ULT)
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#### GRAFTING represents God’s allowing the Gentiles to become his people
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> For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be grafted back into their own olive tree? For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, of this mystery, in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking. This mystery is that a partial hardening has occurred in Israel, until the completion of the Gentiles come in. (Romans 11:24-25 ULT)
|
||||
> For if you were cut out of what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were **grafted** into a good olive tree, how much more will these Jews, who are the natural branches, be **grafted** back into their own olive tree? For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, of this mystery, in order that you will not be wise in your own thinking. This mystery is that a partial hardening has occurred in Israel, until the completion of the Gentiles come in. (Romans 11:24-25 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### RAIN represents God’s gifts to his people
|
||||
|
||||
> …he comes and rains righteousness on you. (Hosea 10:12 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> For the land that drinks in the rain that often comes on it, and that gives birth to the plants useful to those for whom the land was worked—this is the land that receives a blessing from God. But if it bears thorns and thistles, it is worthless and is near to a curse. Its end is in burning. (Hebrews 6:7-8 ULT)
|
||||
> …he comes and **rains** righteousness on you. (Hosea 10:12 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> For the land that drinks in the **rain** that often comes on it, and that produces plants useful to those for whom the land was also cultivated, receives a blessing from God. But land that bears thorns and thistles is worthless and is about to be cursed. Its end is to be burned. (Hebrews 6:7-8 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> So be patient, brothers, until the Lord’s coming. See, the farmer awaits the valuable harvest from the ground. He is patiently waiting for it, until it receives the early and late rains. (James 5:7 ULT)
|
||||
> So be patient, brothers, until the Lord’s coming. See, the farmer awaits the valuable harvest from the ground. He is patiently waiting for it, until it receives the early and late **rains**. (James 5:7 ULT)
|
||||
|
|
@ -3,30 +3,34 @@ Some common [metonymies](../figs-metonymy/01.md) and [metaphors](../figs-metapho
|
|||
#### The BODY represents a group of people
|
||||
|
||||
> Now you are the **body** of Christ and individually members of it. (1 Corinthians 12:27 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> Rather we will speak the truth in love and grow up in all ways into him who is the head, Christ. Christ joins the whole **body** of believers together—it is held together by every supporting ligament so that the whole body grows and builds itself up in love. (Ephesians 4:15-16 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Instead, speaking the truth in love, let us grow up in all things into him who is the head, even Christ, from whom the whole **body,** being joined and held together by every supporting ligament, according to the working in measure of each individual part, causes the growth of the **body** for building up itself in love.
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
In these verses, the body of Christ represents the group of people who follow Christ.
|
||||
|
||||
#### A BROTHER represents a person’s relatives, associates, or peers
|
||||
|
||||
> For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his **brothers**… (Esther 10:3a ULT)
|
||||
> For Mordecai the Jew was second to the King Ahasuerus, and great among the Jews, and favored by the multitude of his **brothers** . . . (Esther 10:3 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### A DAUGHTER represents a village located near a town or city
|
||||
#### A MOTHER represents a town or city with villages surrounding it
|
||||
|
||||
> And for the settlements among their fields, those of the sons of Judah lived in Kiriath Arba and its **daughters**, and in Dibon and its **daughters**, and in Jekabzeel and her settlements…. (Nehemiah 11:25 ULT)
|
||||
> And for the settlements among their fields, those of the sons of Judah lived in Kiriath Arba and its **daughters**, and in Dibon and its **daughters**, and in Jekabzeel and her settlements. . . . (Nehemiah 11:25 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The FACE represents someone’s presence, sight, knowledge, perception, attention, or judgment
|
||||
|
||||
> Then Esther repeated her action, and she spoke before the **face** of the king. (Esther 8:3a ULT)
|
||||
> Then Esther repeated her action, and she spoke before the **face** of the king. (Esther 8:3 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> Why do you hide your **face** and forget our affliction and our oppression? (Psalm 44:24 ULT)
|
||||
> Why do you hide your **face** and forget our affliction and our oppression? (Psalm 44:24 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
To hide one’s face from someone means to ignore him.
|
||||
|
||||
> Many seek the **face** of the ruler, (Proverbs 29:26 ULT)
|
||||
> **26** Many are those who seek the **face** of the ruler. (Proverbs 29:26 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
If someone seeks another person’s face, he hopes that the person will pay attention to him.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -40,20 +44,20 @@ To put something before one’s face is to look at it intently or pay attention
|
|||
|
||||
> So Hathak went out to Mordecai, to the open place of the city that was before the **face** of the gate of the king. (Esther 4:6 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> She fell before the **face** of his feet and wept and implored favor from him to take away the evil of Haman the Agagite and his plot that he had plotted against the Jews. (Esther 8:3b ULT)
|
||||
> She fell before the **face** of his feet and wept and implored favor from him to take away the evil of Haman the Agagite and his plot that he had plotted against the Jews. (Esther 8:3 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The FACE represents the surface of something
|
||||
|
||||
> The famine was over all **the face** of the whole land. (Genesis 41:56 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> He encloses **the face** of the moon and spreads his clouds on it. (Job 26:9 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> He covers **the face** of the moon and spreads his clouds on it. (Job 26:9 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### A FATHER represents someone’s ancestor(s)
|
||||
#### A SON represents someone’s descendant(s)
|
||||
|
||||
> And they and our **fathers** were arrogant, and they stiffened their necks, and did not listen to your commandments. (Nehemiah 9:16 ULT)
|
||||
> But they acted presumptuously, they and our **fathers**. And they stiffened their neck and did not listen to your commandments. (Nehemiah 9:16 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> We have not listened to your servants the prophets who spoke in your name to our kings, our leaders, our **fathers**, and to all the people of the land. (Daniel 9:6 ULT)
|
||||
> We have not listened to your servants the prophets who spoke in your name to our kings, our leaders, our **fathers**, and to all the people of the land. (Daniel 9:6 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The HAND represents someone’s power, control, agency, or action
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ To put something before one’s face is to look at it intently or pay attention
|
|||
|
||||
#### The HEAD represents the tip, top, or uppermost part of something
|
||||
|
||||
> And the king held out to Esther the scepter of gold which was in his hand, so Esther approached and touched the **head** of the scepter. (Esther 5:2b ULT)
|
||||
> And the king held out to Esther the scepter of gold which was in his hand, so Esther approached and touched the **head** of the scepter. (Esther 5:2 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The HEART represents the action of thinking or feeling
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -87,11 +91,11 @@ In this context, having a full heart means to be proud or arrogant.
|
|||
|
||||
#### The EYES represent sight, knowledge, perception, attention, or judgment
|
||||
|
||||
> For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women, in order to make their husbands despised in their **eyes**… (Esther 1:17a ULT)
|
||||
> For the matter of the queen will go out to all the women, in order to make their husbands despised in their **eyes** . . . (Esther 1:17 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The EYES represent someone’s attitude
|
||||
|
||||
> but you bring down those with **proud, uplifted eyes**! (Psalm 18:27 ULT)
|
||||
> . . . but you bring down those with **proud, uplifted eyes**! (Psalm 18:27 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
Uplifted eyes show that a person is proud.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -102,8 +106,8 @@ Lowered eyes show that a person is humble.
|
|||
#### The HEAD represents a ruler, a leader, or a person with authority over others
|
||||
|
||||
> A man from each tribe, **a clan head**, must serve with you as his tribe’s leader. (Num 1:4 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> God has subjected all things under Christ’s feet and has **made him the head** over all things in the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all things in all ways. (Ephesians 1:22 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> He put all things under his feet and **gave him as head** over all things to the church, which is his body, the fullness of the one who fills all in all. (Ephesians 1:22-23 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### A MASTER represents anything that motivates someone to act
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -114,10 +118,10 @@ To serve God is to be motivated by God. To serve money is to be motivated by mon
|
|||
#### The MOUTH means speech or words
|
||||
|
||||
> A fool’s **mouth** is his ruin. (Proverbs 18:7 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> Oh, how I would encourage you with my **mouth**! (Job 16:5 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> I heard you when you boasted against me with your **mouth**; you said many things against me. I heard them. (Ezekiel 35:13 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> I would strengthen you with my mouth. (Job 16:5 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
>
|
||||
|
||||
In these examples the mouth refers to what a person says.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -125,14 +129,14 @@ In these examples the mouth refers to what a person says.
|
|||
#### A NAME represents the person who has that name
|
||||
|
||||
> May your God make **the name of Solomon** better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne.” (1 Kings 1:47 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> See, I have sworn **by my great name**—says Yahweh. **My name** will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt….” (Jeremiah 44:26 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> See, I have sworn **by my great name**—says Yahweh. **My name** will no longer be called upon by the mouths of any of the men of Judah in all the land of Egypt.” (Jeremiah 44:26 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
If someone’s name is great, it means that he is great.
|
||||
|
||||
> Listen now to the prayer of your servant and to the prayer of your servants who delight to **honor your name**…. (Nehemiah 1:11 ULT)
|
||||
> Please let your ear be attentive to the prayer of your servant and to the prayer of your servants, the ones who delight to **fear your name**. (Nehemiah 1:11 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
To honor someone’s name is to honor him.
|
||||
To fear someone’s name is to honor him.
|
||||
|
||||
#### A NAME represents someone’s fame or reputation
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -142,37 +146,35 @@ To profane God’s name is to profane his reputation, that is, to profane how pe
|
|||
|
||||
> For I will make **my great name** holy, which you have profaned among the nations…. (Ezekiel 36:23 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
To make God’s name holy is to cause people to to see that God is holy.
|
||||
To make God’s name holy is to cause people to see that God is holy.
|
||||
|
||||
> Your servants have come here from a land very far away, because of **the name** of Yahweh your God. We have heard a report about him and about everything that he did in Egypt (Joshua 9:9 ULT)
|
||||
> Your servants have come from a very distant country, because of **the name** of Yahweh your God, for we have heard a report about him and about everything that he did in Egypt. (Joshua 9:9 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
The fact that the men said they heard a report about Yahweh shows that “because of the name of Yahweh” means because of Yahweh’s reputation.
|
||||
|
||||
#### A NAME represents someone’s power, authority, position, or status
|
||||
|
||||
> In the **name** of the king Ahasuerus it was written, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the king. (Esther 3:12b ULT)
|
||||
> In the **name** of the king Ahasuerus it was written, and it was sealed with the signet ring of the king. (Esther 3:12 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The NOSE represents anger
|
||||
|
||||
> Then…the foundations of the world were exposed at your battle cry, Yahweh—at the blast of the breath of **your nostrils**. (Psalms 18:15 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> By the blast of **your nostrils** the waters were piled up…. (Exodus 15:8 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> Smoke went up from out of **his nostrils**, and blazing fire came out of his mouth…. (2 Samuel 22:9 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> …This is the Lord Yahweh’s declaration: ‘My fury will arise in **my nostrils**!’ (Ezekiel 38:18 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
> Then . . . the foundations of the world were laid bare at your rebuke, Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of **your nostrils**.(Psalms 18:15 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> By the blast of **your nostrils** the waters were piled up. (Exodus 15:8 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Smoke went up from out of **his nostrils**, and blazing fire came out of his mouth. (2 Samuel 22:9 ULT)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and gracious, **slow to anger**… (Exodus 34:6 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
In Hebrew, a hot nose represents anger, including such images as a blast of air or smoke coming from someone’s nostrils. The opposite of a “hot nose” is a “long nose.” The phrase “slow to anger” in Hebrew literally means “long of nose.” A long nose represents patience, meaning that it takes a long time for that person’s nose to get hot.
|
||||
|
||||
#### A SON represents the offspring of an animal(s)
|
||||
|
||||
> And he sent letters by the hand of runners on horses, riders of the royal pack horses, **sons** of the mares… (Esther 8:10a ULT)
|
||||
> And he sent letters (by the hand of runners on horses, riders of the royal pack horses, sons of the mares) . . . (Esther 8:10 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
#### The SON OF SOMETHING represents something shares the qualities of another thing
|
||||
|
||||
> no **son of wickedness** will oppress him. (Psalm 89:22b ULT)
|
||||
> No **son of wickedness** will oppress him. (Psalm 89:22 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
A son of wickedness is a wicked person.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -181,13 +183,13 @@ A son of wickedness is a wicked person.
|
|||
|
||||
Children of death here are people that others plan to kill.
|
||||
|
||||
> We all were once among these unbelievers and acted according to the evil desires of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the mind, and we were by nature **children of wrath** like the others. (Ephesians 2:3 ULT)
|
||||
> We all also once lived among these, in the evil desires of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the body and of the mind. We were by nature children of wrath, as also the rest. (Ephesians 2:3 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
Children of wrath here are people with whom God is very angry.
|
||||
|
||||
#### The TONGUE represents the language spoken by a person or a group of people
|
||||
|
||||
> …every man should be ruling in his house and speaking according to the **tongue** of his people. (Esther 1:22 ULT)
|
||||
> Every man should be ruling in his house and speaking according to the **tongue** of his people. (Esther 1:22 ULT)
|
||||
|
||||
### Translation Strategies
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue