Merge pull request 'deleted_articles_per_Perry' (#1382) from Grant_tw_updates into master

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tw/pulls/1382
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# blood
## Definition:
The term “blood” refers to the red liquid that comes out of a persons skin when there is an injury or wound. Blood brings life-giving nutrients to a persons entire body. In the Bible, the term “blood” is often used figuratively to mean “life” and/or several other concepts.
* When people made sacrifices to God, they killed an animal and poured its blood on the altar. This symbolized the sacrifice of the animals life to pay for peoples sins.
* The expression “flesh and blood” refers to human beings.
* The expression “own flesh and blood” refers to people who are biologically related.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term should be translated with the term that is used for blood in the target language.
* The expression “flesh and blood” could be translated as “people” or “human beings.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “my own flesh and blood” could be translated as “my own family” or “my own relatives” or “my own people.”
* If there is an expression in the target language that is used with this meaning, that expression could be used to translate “flesh and blood.”
(See also: [bloodshed](../other/bloodshed.md); [flesh](../kt/flesh.md); [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/07)
* [1 Samuel 14:32](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/14/32)
* [Acts 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/20)
* [Acts 5:28](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/28)
* [Colossians 1:20](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/20)
* [Galatians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/16)
* [Genesis 4:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/04/11)
* [Psalms 16:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/016/4)
* [Psalms 105:28-30](rc://en/tn/help/psa/105/028)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[8:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/03)__ Before Josephs brothers returned home, they tore Josephs robe and dipped it in goats __blood__.
* __[10:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/10/03)__ God turned the Nile River into __blood__, but Pharaoh still would not let the Israelites go.
* __[11:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/05)__ All the houses of the Israelites had __blood__ around the doors, so God passed over those houses and everyone inside was safe. They were saved because of the lambs __blood__.
* __[13:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/09)__ The __blood__ of the animal that was sacrificed covered the persons sin and made that person clean in Gods sight.
* __[38:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, “Drink this. It is my __blood__ of the New Covenant that is poured out for the forgiveness of sins.”
* __[48:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/10)__ When anyone believes in Jesus, the __blood__ of Jesus takes away that persons sin, and Gods punishment passes over him.
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1818, H5332, G01290, G01300, G01310

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# body
## Definition:
The term “body” refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to an object or to a group consisting of individual members.
* Often the term “body” refers to a dead person or animal. Sometimes this is referred to as a “dead body” or a “corpse.”
* When Jesus said to the disciples at his last Passover meal, “This (bread) is my body,” he was referring to his physical body that would be “broken” (killed) to pay for their sins.
* In the Bible, Christians as a group are referred to as the “body of Christ.”
* Just as a physical body has many parts, the “body of Christ” has many individual members.
* Each individual believer has a special function in the body of Christ to help the whole group work together to serve God and bring him glory.
* Jesus is also referred to as the “head” (leader) of the “body” of his believers. Just as a persons head tells his body what to do, so Jesus is the one who guides and directs Christians as members of his “body.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The best way to translate this term would be with the word that is most commonly used to refer to a physical body in the project language. Make sure that the word used is not an offensive term.
* When referring collectively to believers, for some languages it may be more natural and accurate to say “spiritual body of Christ.”
* When Jesus says, “This is my body,” it is best to translate this literally, with a note to explain it if needed.
* Some languages may have a separate word when referring to a dead body, such as “corpse” for a person or “carcass” for an animal. Make sure the word used to translate this makes sense in the context and is acceptable.
(See also: [head](../other/head.md), [hand](../other/hand.md); [face](../other/face.md); [loins](../other/loins.md); [righthand](../kt/righthand.md); [tongue](../other/tongue.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/10/12)
* [1 Corinthians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/05)
* [Ephesians 4:4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/04)
* [Judges 14:8](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/14/08)
* [Numbers 6:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/num/06/06)
* [Psalm 31:9](rc://en/tn/help/psa/031/09)
* [Romans 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/rom/12/05)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0990, H1320, H1460, H1465, H1472, H1480, H1655, H3409, H4191, H5038, H5085, H5315, H6106, H6297, H7607, G44300, G49540, G49830, G55590

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# brother
## Definition:
The term “brother” refers to a male sibling who shares at least one biological parent.
* In the Old Testament, the term “brothers” is also used as a general reference to relatives or associates, such as members of the same tribe, clan, occupation, or people group. When used in this way, the term can refer to both men and women.
* In the New Testament, the apostles often use the term “brothers” to refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
* A few times in the New Testament, the apostles used the term “sister” when referring specifically to a fellow Christian who was a woman, or to emphasize that both men and women are being included. For example, James emphasizes that he is talking about all believers when he refers to “a brother or sister who is in need of food or clothing.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term with the literal word that is used in the target language to refer to a natural or biological brother, unless this would give wrong meaning.
* In the Old Testament especially, when “brothers” is used very generally to refer to members of the same family, clan, or people group, possible translations could include “relatives” or “clan members” or “fellow Israelites.”
* In the context of referring to a fellow believer in Christ, this term could be translated as “brother in Christ” or “spiritual brother.”
* If both males and females are being referred to and “brother” would give a wrong meaning, then a more general kinship term could be used that would include both males and females.
* Other ways to translate this term so that it refers to both male and female believers could be “fellow believers” or “Christian brothers and sisters.”
* Make sure to check the context to determine whether only men are being referred to, or whether both men and women are included.
(See also: [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [God the Father](../kt/godthefather.md), [sister](../other/sister.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:26](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/26)
* [Genesis 29:10](rc://en/tn/help/gen/29/10)
* [Leviticus 19:17](rc://en/tn/help/lev/19/17)
* [Nehemiah 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/neh/03/01)
* [Philippians 4:21](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/21)
* [Revelation 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/09)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0251, H0252, H0264, H1730, H2992, H2993, H2994, H7453, G00800, G00810, G23850, G24550, G25000, G46130, G53600, G55690

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# children, child, offspring
## Definition:
The term “child” (plural “children”) refers to the offspring of a man and woman. The term is often used more generally to refer to anyone who is young in age and is not yet a fully grown adult. The term “offspring” is a general reference to the biological descendants of people or animals.
* In the Bible, disciples or followers are sometimes called “children.”
* Often the term “children” is used to refer to a persons descendants.
* Often in the Bible, “offspring” has the same meaning as “children” or “descendants.”
* The term “seed” is sometimes used figuratively to refer to offspring.
* The phrase “children of” can refer to being characterized by something. Some examples of this would be:
* children of the light
* children of obedience
* children of the devil
* This term can also refer to the Church. For example, sometimes the New Testament refers to people who believe in Jesus as “children of God.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “children” could be translated as “descendants” when it is referring to a persons great-grandchildren or great-great-grandchildren, etc.
* Depending on the context, “children of” could be translated as “people who have the characteristics of” or “people who behave like.”
* If possible, the phrase, “children of God” should be translated literally since an important biblical theme is that God is our heavenly Father. A possible translation alternate would be, “people who belong to God” or “Gods spiritual children.”
* When Jesus calls his disciples “children,” this could also be translated as “dear friends” or “my beloved disciples.”
* When Paul and John refer to believers in Jesus as “children,” this could also be translated as “dear fellow believers.”
* The phrase, “children of the promise” could be translated as “people who have received what God promised them.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [seed](../other/seed.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md), [son](../kt/son.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [beloved](../kt/beloved.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:28](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/28)
* [3 John 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/04)
* [Galatians 4:19](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/19)
* [Genesis 45:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/45/11)
* [Joshua 8:34-35](rc://en/tn/help/jos/08/34)
* [Nehemiah 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/neh/05/05)
* [Acts 17:29](rc://en/tn/help/act/17/29)
* [Exodus 13:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/exo/13/11)
* [Genesis 24:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/24/07)
* [Isaiah 41:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/isa/41/08)
* [Job 5:25](rc://en/tn/help/job/05/25)
* [Luke 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/7)
* [Matthew 12:34](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/34)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1069, H1121, H1123, H1129, H1323, H1397, H1580, H2029, H2030, H2056, H2138, H2145, H2233, H2945, H3173, H3205, H3206, H3208, H3211, H3243, H3490, H4392, H5209, H5271, H5288, H5290, H5759, H5764, H5768, H5953, H6185, H6363, H6529, H6631, H7908, H7909, H7921, G07300, G08150, G10250, G10640, G10810, G10850, G14710, G34390, G35150, G35160, G38080, G38120, G38130, G38160, G50400, G50410, G50420, G50430, G50440, G52060, G52070, G53880

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# command, commandment
## Definition:
The term “command” means to order someone to do something. The term “commandment” refers to the thing that a person is commanded to do.
* The term “commandment” sometimes refers to certain commands of God which are more formal and permanent, such as the “Ten Commandments.”
* A command can be positive (“Honor your parents”) or negative (“Do not steal”).
* To “take command” means to “take control” or “take charge” of something or someone.
## Translation Suggestions
* It is best to translate this term differently from the term, “law.” Also compare with the definitions of “decree” and “statute.”
* Some translators may prefer to translate “command” and “commandment” with the same word in their language.
* Others may prefer to use a special word for commandment that refers to lasting, formal commands that God has made.
(See [decree](../other/decree.md), [statute](../other/statute.md), [law](../other/law.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
## Bible References:
* [Luke 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/06)
* [Matthew 1:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/24)
* [Matthew 22:38](rc://en/tn/help/mat/22/38)
* [Matthew 28:20](rc://en/tn/help/mat/28/20)
* [Numbers 1:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/num/01/17)
* [Romans 7:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/07/07)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0559, H0560, H0565, H1296, H1696, H1697, H1881, H2706, H2708, H2710, H2941, H2942, H2951, H3027, H3982, H3983, H4406, H4662, H4687, H4929, H4931, H4941, H5057, H5713, H5749, H6213, H6310, H6346, H6490, H6673, H6680, H7101, H7218, H7227, H7262, H7761, H7970, H8269, G12630, G12910, G12960, G12970, G12990, G16900, G17780, G17810, G17850, G20030, G20040, G20080, G20360, G27530, G30560, G37260, G38520, G38530, G43670, G44830, G44870, G55060

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# discipline, self-discipline
## Definition:
The term “discipline” refers to training people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior.
* Parents discipline their children by providing moral guidance and direction for them and teaching them to obey.
* Similarly, God disciplines his children to help them produce healthy spiritual fruit in their lives, such as joy, love, and patience.
* Discipline involves instruction regarding how to live to please God, as well as punishment for behavior that is against Gods will.
* Self-discipline is the process of applying moral and spiritual principles to ones own life.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “discipline” could be translated as “train and instruct” or “morally guide” or “punish for wrongdoing.”
* The noun “discipline” could be translated as “moral training” or “punishment” or “moral correction” or “moral guidance and instruction.”
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 6:4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/4)
* [Hebrews 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/12/05)
* [Proverbs 19:18](rc://en/tn/help/pro/19/18)
* [Proverbs 23:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/pro/23/13)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H4148, G14680

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# filled with the Holy Spirit
## Definition:
The term “filled with the Holy Spirit” is a figurative expression that, when used to describe a person means the Holy Spirit is empowering that person to do Gods will.
* The expression “filled with” is an expression that often means “controlled by.”
* People are “filled with the Holy Spirit” when they follow the Holy Spirits leading and completely rely on him to help them do what God wants.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated as “empowered by the Holy Spirit” or “controlled by the Holy Spirit.” But it should not sound as though the Holy Spirit is forcing the person to do something.
* A sentence such as “he was filled with the Holy Spirit” could be translated as “he was living fully by the Spirits power” or “he was completely guided by the Holy Spirit” or “the Holy Spirit was guiding him completely.”
* This term is similar in meaning to the expression “live by the Spirit,” but “filled with the Holy Spirit” emphasizes the completeness with which a person allows the Holy Spirit to have control or influence over his life. So these two expressions should be translated differently, if possible.
(See also: [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 4:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/31)
* [Acts 5:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/17)
* [Acts 6:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/08)
* [Luke 1:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/15)
* [Luke 1:39-41](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/39)
* [Luke 4:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: G00400, G41300, G41370, G41510

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# flesh
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “flesh” literally refers to the soft tissue of the physical body of a human being or animal.
* The Bible also uses the term “flesh” in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures.
* In the New Testament, the term “flesh” is used to refer to the sinful nature of human beings. This is often used in contrast to their spiritual nature.
* The expression “own flesh and blood” refers to someone who is biologically related to another person, such as a parent, sibling, child, or grandchild.
* The expression “flesh and blood” can also refer to a persons ancestors or descendants.
* The expression “one flesh” refers to the physical uniting of a man and woman in marriage.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In the context of an animals body, “flesh” could be translated as “body” or “skin” or “meat.”
* When it is used to refer generally to all living creatures, this term could be translated as “living beings” or “everything that is alive.”
* When referring in general to all people, this term could be translated as “people” or “human beings” or “everyone who lives.”
* The expression “flesh and blood” could also be translated as “relatives” or “family” or “kinfolk” or “family clan.” There may be contexts where it could be translated as “ancestors” or “descendants.”
* Some languages may have an expression that is similar in meaning to “flesh and blood.”
* The expression “become one flesh” could be translated as “unite sexually” or “become as one body” or “become like one person in body and spirit.” The translation of this expression should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism)). It should also be understood that this is figurative, and does not mean that a man and a woman who “become one flesh” literally become one person.
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:16](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/16)
* [2 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/2jn/01/07)
* [Ephesians 6:12](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/12)
* [Galatians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/16)
* [Genesis 2:24](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/24)
* [John 1:14](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/14)
* [Matthew 16:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/17)
* [Romans 8:8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/08)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0829, H1320, H1321, H2878, H3894, H4207, H7607, H7683, G29070, G45590, G45600, G45610

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# gift
## Definition:
The term “gift” refers to anything that is given or offered to someone. A gift is given without the expectation of getting anything in return
* Money, food, clothing, or other things given to poor people are called “gifts.”
* In the Bible, an offering or sacrifice given to God is also called a gift.
* The gift of salvation is something God gives us through faith in Jesus.
* In the New Testament, the term “gifts” is also used to refer to special spiritual abilities that God gives to all Christians for serving other people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The general term for “gift” could be translated with a word or phrase that means “something that is given.”
* In the context of someone having a gift or special ability that comes from God, the term “gift from the Spirit” could be translated as “spiritual ability” or “special ability from the Holy Spirit” or “special spiritual skill that God gave.”
(See also: [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 12:1](rc://en/tn/help/1co/12/01)
* [2 Samuel 11:8](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/11/08)
* [Acts 8:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/20)
* [Acts 10:4](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/04)
* [Acts 11:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/17)
* [Acts 24:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/24/17)
* [James 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/17)
* [John 4:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/09)
* [Matthew 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/23)
* [Matthew 8:4](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/4)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0814, H4503, H4864, H4976, H4978, H4979, H4991, H5078, H5083, H5379, H7810, H8641, G03340, G13900, G13940, G14310, G14340, G14350, G33110, G54860

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# heart
## Definition:
The term “heart” refers to the internal bodily organ that pumps blood throughout the body in people and animals. However, in the Bible the term “heart” is often used figuratively to refer to a persons thoughts, emotions, desires, or will.
* To have a “hard heart” is a common expression that means a person stubbornly refuses to obey God.
* The expressions “with all my heart” or “with my whole heart” mean to do something with complete sincerity, commitment, or willingness, holding nothing back.
* The expression “take it to heart” means to treat something seriously and apply it to ones life.
* The term “brokenhearted” describes a person who is very sad. That person has been deeply hurt emotionally.
## Translation Suggestions
* Some languages use a different body part such as “stomach” or “liver” to refer to these ideas.
* Other languages may use one word to express some of these concepts and another word to express others.
* If “heart” or other body part does not have this meaning, some languages may need to express this literally with terms such as “thoughts” or “emotions” or “desires.”
* Depending on the context, “with all my heart” or “with my whole heart” could be translated as “with all my energy” or “with complete dedication” or “completely” or “with total commitment.”
* The expression “take it to heart” could be translated as “treat it seriously” or “carefully think about it.”
* The expression “hard-hearted” could also be translated as “stubbornly rebellious” or “refusing to obey” or “continually disobeying God.”
* Ways to translate “brokenhearted” could include “very sad” or “feeling deeply hurt.”
(See also: [hard](../other/hard.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/17)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:4](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/04)
* [2 Thessalonians 3:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/2th/03/13)
* [Acts 8:22](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/22)
* [Acts 15:9](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/09)
* [Luke 8:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/15)
* [Mark 2:6](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/02/06)
* [Matthew 5:8](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/08)
* [Matthew 22:37](rc://en/tn/help/mat/22/37)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1079, H2436, H2504, H2910, H3519, H3629, H3820, H3821, H3823, H3824, H3825, H3826, H4578, H5315, H5640, H7130, H7307, H7356, H7907, G06740, G12820, G12710, G21330, G25880, G25890, G46410, G46980, G55900

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# life, live, living, alive
## Definition:
The term “life” refers to being physically alive as opposed to being physically dead.
### 1. Physical life
* A “life” can also refer to an individual person as in “a life was saved”.
* Sometimes the word “life” refers to the experience of living as in, “his life was enjoyable.”
* It can also refer to a persons lifespan, as in the expression, “the end of his life.”
* The term “living” may refer to being physically alive, as in “my mother is still living.” It may also refer to dwelling somewhere as in, “they were living in the city.”
* In the Bible, the concept of “life” is often contrasted with the concept of “death.”
### 2. Eternal life
* A person has eternal life when he believes in Jesus. God gives that person a transformed life with the Holy Spirit living in him.
* The opposite of eternal life is eternal death, which means being separated from God and experiencing eternal punishment.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “life” can be translated as “existence” or “person” or “soul” or “being” or “experience.”
* The term “live” could be translated by “dwell” or “reside” or “exist.”
* The expression “end of his life” could be translated as “when he stopped living.”
* The expression “spared their lives” could be translated as “allowed them to live” or “did not kill them.”
* The expression “they risked their lives” could be translated as “they put themselves in danger” or “they did something that could have killed them.”
* When the Bible text talks about eternal life, the term “life” could be translated in the following ways: “eternal life” or “God making us alive in our spirits” or “new life by Gods Spirit” or “being made alive in our inner self.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “give life” could also be translated as “cause to live” or “give eternal life” or “cause to live eternally.”
(See also: [death](../other/death.md), [everlasting](../kt/eternity.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Peter 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/03)
* [Acts 10:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/42)
* [Genesis 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/07)
* [Genesis 7:22](rc://en/tn/help/gen/07/22)
* [Hebrews 10:20](rc://en/tn/help/heb/10/20)
* [Jeremiah 44:2](rc://en/tn/help/jer/44/02)
* [John 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/04)
* [Judges 2:18](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/18)
* [Luke 12:23](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/23)
* [Matthew 7:14](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/14)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/10)__ So God took some dirt, formed it into a man, and breathed __life__ into him.
* __[3:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/01)__ After a long time, many people were __living __ in the world.
* __[8:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/13)__ When Josephs brothers returned home and told their father, Jacob, that Joseph was still __alive__, he was very happy.
* __[17:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/09)__ However, toward the end of his [Davids] __life__ he sinned terribly before God.
* __[27:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/27/01)__ One day, an expert in the Jewish law came to Jesus to test him, saying, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal __life__?”
* __[35:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/05)__ Jesus replied, “I am the Resurrection and the __Life__.”
* __[44:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/05)__ “You are the ones who told the Roman governor to kill Jesus. You killed the author of __life__, but God raised him from the dead.”
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1934, H2416, H2417, H2421, H2425, H5315, G01980, G02220, G02270, G08060, G05900

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# power, powerful, powerfully
## Definition:
The term “power” refers to the ability to do things or make things happen, often using great strength. “Powers” refers to people or spirits who have great ability to cause things to happen.
* The “power of God” refers to Gods ability to do everything, especially things that are not possible for people to do.
* God has complete power over everything that he has created.
* God gives his people power to do what he wants, so that when they heal people or do other miracles, they do this by the power of God.
* Because Jesus and the Holy Spirit are also God, they have this same power.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “power” could also be translated as “ability” or “strength” or “energy” or “ability to do miracles” or “control.”
* Possible ways to translate the term “powers” could include “powerful beings” or “controlling spirits” or “those who control others.”
(See also: [strength](../other/strength.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [miracle](../kt/miracle.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 1:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/01/05)
* [Colossians 1:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/11)
* [Genesis 31:29](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/29)
* [Jeremiah 18:21](rc://en/tn/help/jer/18/21)
* [Jude 1:25](rc://en/tn/help/jud/01/25)
* [Judges 2:18](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/18)
* [Luke 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/17)
* [Luke 4:14](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/14)
* [Matthew 26:64](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/64)
* [Philippians 3:21](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/21)
* [Psalm 80:2](rc://en/tn/help/psa/080/02)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[22:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/22/05)__ The angel explained, “The Holy Spirit will come to you, and the __power__ of God will overshadow you. So the baby will be holy, the Son of God.”
* __[26:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/01)__ After overcoming Satans temptations, Jesus returned in the __power__ of the Holy Spirit to the region of Galilee where he lived.
* __[32:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/15)__ Immediately Jesus realized that __power__ had gone out from him.
* __[42:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/11)__ Forty days after Jesus rose from the dead, he told his disciples, “Stay in Jerusalem until my Father gives you __power__ when the Holy Spirit comes on you.”
* __[43:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/06)__ “Men of Israel, Jesus was a man who did many mighty signs and wonders by the __power__ of God, as you have seen and already know.”
* __[44:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/08)__ Peter answered them, “This man stands before you healed by the __power__ of Jesus the Messiah.”
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0410, H1369, H1370, H2220, H2393, H2428, H2429, H2632, H3027, H3028, H3581, H4475, H4910, H5794, H5797, H5808, H6184, H7786, H7980, H7981, H7983, H7989, H8280, H8592, H8633, G14110, G14150, G17540, G17560, G18490, G18500, G21590, G24780, G24790, G29040, G31680

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# reveal, revealed, revelation
## Definition:
The term “reveal” means to cause something to be known. A “revelation” is something that has been made known.
* God has revealed himself through everything he has created and through his communication with people by spoken and written messages.
* God also reveals himself through dreams or visions.
* When Paul said that he received the gospel by “revelation from Jesus Christ,” he means that Jesus himself explained the gospel to him.
* In the New Testament book “Revelation” is about God revealed events that will happen in the end times. He revealed them to the apostle John through visions.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “reveal” could include “make known” or “disclose” or “show clearly.”
* Depending on the context, possible ways to translate “revelation” could be “communication from God” or “things that God has revealed” or “teachings about God.” It is best to keep the meaning of “reveal” in the translation.
* The phrase “where there is no revelation” could be translated as “when God is not revealing himself to people” or “when God is not speaking to people” or “among people whom God has not communicating.”
(See also: [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [dream](../other/dream.md), [vision](../other/vision.md))
## Bible References:
* [Daniel 11:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/dan/11/01)
* [Ephesians 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/eph/03/05)
* [Galatians 1:12](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/12)
* [Lamentations 2:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/lam/02/13)
* [Matthew 10:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/26)
* [Philippians 3:15](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/15)
* [Revelation 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0241, H1540, H1541, G06010, G06020, G55370

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# right hand
## Definition:
The term “right hand” refers to the hand on the right side of a persons body. In the Bible, the term is often used figuratively to refer to other body parts on a persons right side, to the direction of a persons right, to the direction south, or to a place of honor or strength on the right side of a ruler or other important individual.
* The right hand can be used figuratively as a symbol of power, authority, or strength.
* The Bible describes Jesus as sitting “at the right hand of” God the Father as the head of the body of believers (the Church) and in control as ruler of all creation.
* A persons right hand was used to show special honor when placed on the head of someone being given a blessing (as when the patriarch Jacob blessed Josephs son Ephraim).
* To “serve at the right hand” of someone means to be the one whose service is especially helpful and important to that person.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Sometimes the term “right hand” literally refers to a persons right hand, as when Roman soldiers put a staff into Jesus right hand to mock him. This should be translated using the term that the language uses to refer to this hand.
* Regarding figurative uses, if an expression that includes the term “right hand” does not have the same meaning in the project language, then consider whether that language has a different expression with the same meaning.
* The expression “at the right hand of” could be translated as “on the right side of” or “in the place of honor beside” or “in the position of strength” or “ready to help.”
* Ways to translate “with his right hand” could include “with authority” or “using power” or “with his amazing strength.”
* The figurative expression “his right hand and his mighty arm” uses two ways of emphasizing Gods power and great strength. One way to translate this expression could be “his amazing strength and mighty power.” (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism))
* The expression “their right hand is falsehood” could be translated as “even the most honorable thing about them is corrupted by lies” or “their place of honor is corrupted by deception” or “they use lies to make themselves powerful.”
(See also: [accuse](../other/accuse.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [honor](../kt/honor.md), [mighty](../other/mighty.md), [punish](../other/punish.md), [rebel](../other/rebel.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 2:33](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/33)
* [Colossians 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/01)
* [Galatians 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/09)
* [Genesis 48:14](rc://en/tn/help/gen/48/14)
* [Hebrews 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/heb/10/12)
* [Lamentations 2:3](rc://en/tn/help/lam/02/03)
* [Matthew 25:33](rc://en/tn/help/mat/25/33)
* [Matthew 26:64](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/64)
* [Psalms 44:3](rc://en/tn/help/psa/044/03)
* [Revelation 2:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/rev/02/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H3225, H3231, H3233, G11880

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# set apart
## Definition:
The term “set apart” means separated from something to fulfill a certain purpose. Also, to “set apart” some person or thing means to make it “set apart.”
* The Israelites were set apart for service to God.
* The Holy Spirit commanded the Christians at Antioch to set apart Paul and Barnabas for the work God wanted them to do.
* A believer who is “set apart” for service to God is “dedicated to” fulfilling Gods will.
* One meaning of the term “holy” is to be set apart as belonging to God and being separated from the sinful ways of the world.
* To “sanctify” someone means to set apart that person for Gods service.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate to “set apart” could include to “specially select” or to “separate from among you” or to “take aside to do a special task.”
* To “be set apart” could be translated as “be separated (from)” or “be specially appointed (for).”
(See also: [holy](../kt/holy.md), [sanctify](../kt/sanctify.md), [appoint](../kt/appoint.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 3:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/eph/03/17)
* [Exodus 31:12-15](rc://en/tn/help/exo/31/12)
* [Judges 17:12](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/17/12)
* [Numbers 3:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/11)
* [Philippians 1:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/01)
* [Romans 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/rom/01/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2764, H4390, H5674, H6918, H6942, H6944, G00370, G00380, G00400, G08730

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# son
## Definition:
The male offspring of a man and a woman is called their “son” for his entire life. He is also called a son of that man and a son of that woman. An “adopted son” is a male who has been legally placed into the position of being a son.
* The phrase “son of” can be used to identify a persons father, mother, or an ancestor from some previous generation. This phrase is used in genealogies and many other places.
* The “sons of Israel” are usually the Israelite nation (after Genesis).
* Using “son of” to give the name of the father frequently helps distinguish people who have the same name. For example, “Azariah son of Zadok” and “Azariah son of Nathan” in 1 Kings 4, and “Azariah son of Amaziah” in 2 Kings 15 are three different men.
* The phrase “son of” can be used to associate the person with whatever person or concept comes next. The meaning is then greatly determined by context. It can be positive (eg. 2 Kings 2:16: “sons of ability”), negative (eg. 2 Samuel 7:10: “sons of wickedness”), denote membership in a group, express contempt by not naming the person (eg. “you sons of Zeruiah”), etc.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In most occurrences of this term, it is best to translate “son” by the literal term in the language that is used to refer to a son.
* When translating the term “Son of God,” the project languages common term for “son” should be used.
* Sometimes “sons” can be translated as “children,” when both males and females are being referred to. For example, “sons of God” could be translated as “children of God” since this expression also includes girls and women.
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [ancestor](../other/father.md), [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md), [sons of God](../kt/sonsofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 18:15](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/18/15)
* [1 Kings 13:2](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/13/02)
* [1 Thessalonians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/05)
* [Galatians 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/07)
* [Hosea 11:1](rc://en/tn/help/hos/11/01)
* [Isaiah 9:6](rc://en/tn/help/isa/09/06)
* [Matthew 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/17)
* [Matthew 5:9](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/09)
* [Matthew 8:12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/12)
* [Nehemiah 10:28](rc://en/tn/help/neh/10/28)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[4:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/08)__ God spoke to Abram and promised again that he would have a __son__ and as many descendants as the stars in the sky.
* __[4:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/09)__ God said, “I will give you a __son__ from your own body.”
* __[5:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/05)__ About a year later, when Abraham was 100 years old and Sarah was 90, Sarah gave birth to Abrahams __son__.
* __[5:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/08)__ When they reached the place of sacrifice, Abraham tied up his __son__ Isaac and laid him on an altar. He was about to kill his __son__ when God said, “Stop! Do not hurt the boy! Now I know that you fear me because you did not keep your only __son__ from me.”
* __[9:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/09/07)__ When she saw the baby, she took him as her own __son__.
* __[11:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/06)__ God killed every one of the Egyptians firstborn __sons__.
* __[18:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/18/01)__ After many years, David died, and his __son__ Solomon began to rule.
* __[26:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/04)__ “Is this the __son__ of Joseph?” they said.
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1060, H1121, H1123, H1248, H3173, H3206, H3211, H4497, H5209, H5220, G38160, G50430, G52070

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# true, truth
## Definition:
The term “truth” refers to facts, events, and statements that correspond with reality. True facts describe the universe as it really exists. True events are events that actually happened. True statements are statements that are not false according the real world.
* “True” things are real, genuine, actual, rightful, legitimate, and factual.
* “Truth” means understandings, beliefs, facts, or statements that are true.
* To say that a prophecy “came true” or “will come true” mean that it actually happened as predicted or that it will happen that way.
* In the Bible the concept of “truth” includes the concept of acting in a way that is reliable and faithful.
* Jesus revealed Gods truth in the words that he spoke.
* The Bible is truth. It teaches what is true about God and about everything he has made.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context and what is being described, the term “true” could also be translated by “real” or “factual” or “correct” or “right” or “certain” or “genuine.”
* Ways to translate the term “truth” could include “what is true” or “fact” or “certainty” or “principle.”
* The expression “come true” could also be translated as “actually happen” or “be fulfilled” or “happen as predicted.”
* The expression “tell the truth” or “speak the truth” could also be translated as “say what is true” or “tell what really happened” or “say things that are reliable.”
* To “accept the truth” could be translated as “believe what is true about God.”
* In an expression such as “worship God in spirit and in truth,” the expression “in truth” could also be translated by “faithfully obeying what God has taught us.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [fulfill](../kt/fulfill.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [understand](../other/understand.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 5:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/06)
* [1 John 1:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/05)
* [1 John 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/08)
* [3 John 1:8](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/08)
* [Acts 26:24-26](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/24)
* [Colossians 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/06)
* [Genesis 47:29-31](rc://en/tn/help/gen/47/29)
* [James 1:18](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/18)
* [James 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/14)
* [James 5:19](rc://en/tn/help/jas/05/19)
* [Jeremiah 4:2](rc://en/tn/help/jer/04/02)
* [John 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/9)
* [John 1:16-18](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/16)
* [John 1:51](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/51)
* [John 3:31-33](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/31)
* [Joshua 7:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/jos/07/19)
* [Lamentations 5:19-22](rc://en/tn/help/lam/05/19)
* [Matthew 8:10](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/10)
* [Matthew 12:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/17)
* [Psalm 26:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/psa/026/001)
* [Revelation 1:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/19)
* [Revelation 15:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/rev/15/03)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/04)__ The snake responded to the woman, “That is not __true__! You will not die.”
* __[14:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/06)__ Immediately Caleb and Joshua, the other two spies, said, “It is __true __ that the people of Canaan are tall and strong, but we can certainly defeat them!”
* __[16:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/01)__ The Israelites began to worship the Canaanite gods instead of Yahweh, the __true __ God.
* __[31:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/31/08)__ They worshiped Jesus, saying to him, “__Truly__, you are the Son of God.”
* __[39:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/10)__ “I have come to earth to tell the __truth__ about God. Everyone who loves the __truth__ listens to me.” Pilate said, “What is __truth__?”
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0199, H0389, H0403, H0529, H0530, H0543, H0544, H0551, H0571, H0935, H3321, H3330, H6237, H6656, H6965, H7187, H7189, G02250, G02260, G02270, G02280, G02300, G11030, G33030, G34830, G36890, G41030, G41370

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# work, works, deeds
## Definition:
The term “work” refers generally either to the action of expending effort in order to accomplish something, or to the result of that action. The term “works” refers generally to actions as a whole (that is, things that have been done or that need to be done).
* In the Bible, these terms are commonly used both in reference to God and humans.
* When used in reference to God, the term “work” in the Bible often refers to Gods action of creating the universe or saving his people (either from enemies, from sin, or both).
* Gods works refer to all the things he does or has done, including creating the world, saving sinners, providing for the needs of all creation and keeping the entire universe in place.
* The works or deeds that a person does can be either good or evil.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “works” could be “deeds” or “actions” or “things that are done.”
* Gods “works” or “deeds” or the “work of his hands” could also be translated as “miracles” or “mighty acts” or “things that God does.”
* The expression “the work of God” could be translated as “the things that God is doing” or “the miracles God does” or “everything that God has accomplished.”
* The term “work” can just be the singular of “works” as in “every good work” or “every good deed.”
* When work is done for God or others, it can be translated as “service” or “ministry.”
(See also: [fruit](../other/fruit.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [miracle](../kt/miracle.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/12)
* [Acts 2:8-11](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/08)
* [Daniel 4:37](rc://en/tn/help/dan/04/37)
* [Exodus 34:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/exo/34/10)
* [Galatians 2:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/15)
* [James 2:17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/17)
* [Matthew 16:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/27)
* [Micah 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/mic/02/07)
* [Romans 3:28](rc://en/tn/help/rom/03/28)
* [Titus 3:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/tit/03/04)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H4399, H4566, H4567, H4611, H4659, H5949, G20410

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# worthy, worth, unworthy, worthless
## Definition:
The term “worthy” describes someone or something that deserves respect or honor. To “have worth” means to be valuable or important. The term “worthless” means to not have any value.
* Being worthy is related to being valuable or having importance
* To be “unworthy” means to not be deserving of any special notice.
* To not feel worthy means to feel less important than someone else or to not feel deserving of being treated with honor or kindness.
* The term “unworthy” and the term “worthless” have related, but different meanings. To be “unworthy” means to not be deserving of any honor or recognition. To be “worthless” means to not have any purpose or value.
## Translation Suggestions:
* “Worthy” could be translated as “deserving” or “important” or “valuable.”
* The word “worth” could be translated as “value” or “importance.”
* The phrase to “have worth” could also be translated as to “be valuable” or to “be important.”
* The phrase “is worth more than” could be translated as “is more valuable than.”
* Depending on the context, the term, “unworthy” could also be translated as “unimportant” or “dishonorable” or “undeserving.”
* The term “worthless” could be translated as “with no value” or “with no purpose” or “worth nothing.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Samuel 22:4](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/22/04)
* [2 Thessalonians 1:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/2th/01/11)
* [Acts 13:25](rc://en/tn/help/act/13/25)
* [Acts 25:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/act/25/25)
* [Acts 26:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/31)
* [Colossians 1:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/09)
* [Jeremiah 8:19](rc://en/tn/help/jer/08/19)
* [Mark 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/07)
* [Matthew 3:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/10)
* [Philippians 1:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/25)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0117, H0639, H1929, H3644, H4242, H4373, H4392, H4592, H4941, H6994, H7386, H7939, G00960, G05140, G05150, G05160, G24250, G26610, G27350

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# accuse, accused, accuser, accusation
## Definition:
The terms “accuse” and “accusation” refer to blaming someone for doing something wrong. A person who accuses others is an “accuser.”
* A false accusation is when a charge against someone is not true, as when Jesus was falsely accused of wrongdoing by the leaders of the Jews.
* In the New Testament book of Revelation, Satan is called “the accuser.”
## Bible References:
* [Acts 19:40](rc://en/tn/help/act/19/40)
* [Hosea 4:4](rc://en/tn/help/hos/04/04)
* [Jeremiah 2:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/jer/02/09)
* [Luke 6:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/06)
* [Romans 8:33](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/33)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H3198, H6818, G14580, G21470, G25960, G27240

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# acquit, acquitted
## Definition:
The term “acquit” means to formally declare someone to be not guilty of an unlawful or immoral behavior he was accused of.
* This term is sometimes used in the Bible to talk about forgiving sinners.
* Often the context is about wrongly acquitting people who are wicked and rebel against God.
* This could be translated as “declare innocent” or “judge to be not guilty.”
(See also: [forgive](../kt/forgive.md), [guilt](../kt/guilt.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 25:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/deu/25/01)
* [Exodus 21:28](rc://en/tn/help/exo/21/28)
* [Exodus 23:7](rc://en/tn/help/exo/23/07)
* [Isaiah 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/isa/05/23)
* [Job 10:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/job/10/12)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H3444, H5352, H5355, H6403, H6663

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# administration, administrator, administering, officer, official, leader
## Facts:
The terms “administration” and “administrator” refer to managing or governing of people of a country to help it function in an orderly way.
* Daniel and three other Jewish young men were appointed to be administrators, or government officials, over certain parts of Babylon.
* In the New Testament, administration is one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
* A person who has the spiritual gift of administration is able to lead and govern people as well as supervise the maintenance of buildings and other property.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, some ways to translate “administrator” could include “governor” or “organizer” or “manager” or “ruler” or “government official.”
* The term “administration” could be translated as “governing” or “management” or “leadership.” or “organization.”
* Expressions such as “in charge of” or “taking care of” or “keeping order” could possibly be part of the translation of these terms.
(See also: [Babylon](../names/babylon.md), [Daniel](../names/daniel.md), [gift](../kt/gift.md), [governor](../other/governor.md), [Hananiah](../names/hananiah.md), [Mishael](../names/mishael.md), [Azariah](../names/azariah.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 18:14](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/18/14)
* [Daniel 6:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/dan/06/01)
* [Esther 9:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/est/09/03)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H5532, H5608, H5632, H6213, H7860, G29410

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# amazed, amazement, astonished, marvel, marveled, marvelous, wonder, dumbfounded
## Definition:
All these terms refer to being very surprised because of something extraordinary that happened.
* Some of these words are translations of Greek expressions that mean “struck with amazement” or “standing outside of (oneself).” These expressions show how very surprised or shocked the person was feeling. Other languages might also have ways to express this.
* Usually the event that caused the wonder and amazement was a miracle, something only God could do.
* The meaning of these terms can also include feelings of confusion because what happened was totally unexpected.
* Other ways to translate these words could be “extremely surprised” or “very shocked.”
* Related words include “marvelous” (amazing, wonderful), “amazement,” and “astonishment.”
* In general, these terms are positive and express that the people were happy about what had happened.
(See also: [miracle](../kt/miracle.md), [sign](../kt/sign.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 8:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/09)
* [Acts 9:20-22](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/20)
* [Galatians 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/06)
* [Mark 2:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/02/10)
* [Matthew 7:28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/28)
* [Matthew 15:29-31](rc://en/tn/help/mat/15/29)
* [Matthew 19:25](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/25)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0926, H2865, H3820, H4159, H6313, H6381, H6382, H6383, H6395, H8074, H8429, H8539, H8540, H8541, G06390, G15680, G15690, G16050, G16110, G18390, G22840, G22850, G22960, G22970, G22980, G40230, G45920, G50590

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# ambassador, representative
## Definition:
An ambassador is a person who is chosen to officially represent his country in relating to foreign nations. The word is also used in a figurative sense and is sometimes translated more generally as “representative.”
* An ambassador or representative gives people messages from the person or government that sent him.
* The more general term “representative” refers to someone who has been given the authority to act and speak on behalf of the person he is representing.
* The apostle Paul taught that Christians are Christs “ambassadors” or “representatives” since they represent Christ in this world and teach others his message.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “official representative” or “appointed messenger” or “chosen representative” or “Gods appointed representative.”
* A “delegation of ambassadors” could be translated as “some official messengers” or “group of appointed representatives” or “official party of people to speak for all people.”
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [messenger](../other/messenger.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 6:20](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/20)
* [Luke 14:31-33](rc://en/tn/help/luk/14/31)
* [Luke 19:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/19/13)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H3887, H4135, H4136, H4397, H6735, H6737, G42430

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# ash, ashes
## Facts:
The term “ash” (or “ashes”) refers to the grey powdery substance that is left behind after wood is burned.
* In ancient times, sitting in ashes was a sign of mourning or grieving. When grieving, it was the custom to wear rough, scratchy sackcloth and sit in ashes or put ashes on the head.
* Putting ashes on the head was also a sign of humiliation or embarrassment.
* An “ash heap” is a pile of ashes.
* Sometimes the word “dust” is used with the term “ashes” in the phrase, “dust and ashes.” This phrase can be translated as “dust and ashes” or simply as “ashes.”
* When translating “ashes,” use the word in the target language that refers to the burned-up remains after wood has burned.
(See also: [fire](../other/fire.md), [sackcloth](../other/sackcloth.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 20:10](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/20/10)
* [Jeremiah 6:26](rc://en/tn/help/jer/06/26)
* [Psalms 102:9](rc://en/tn/help/psa/102/09)
* [Psalms 113:7](rc://en/tn/help/psa/113/07)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0080, H0665, H1854, H6083, H6368, H7834, G28680, G47000, G50770, G55220

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# basket, basketfuls
## Definition:
The term “basket” refers to a container made of woven material.
* In biblical times, baskets were probably woven with strong plant materials, such as wood from peeled tree branches or twigs.
* A basket could be coated with a waterproof substance so that it could float.
* When Moses was a baby, his mother made a waterproof basket to put him in and floated it among the reeds of the Nile River.
* The word translated as “basket” in that story is the same word that is translated as “ark” referring to the boat that Noah built. The common meaning of its use in these two contexts may be “floating container.”
(See also: [ark](../kt/ark.md), [Moses](../names/moses.md), [Nile River](../names/nileriver.md), [Noah](../names/noah.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 11:33](rc://en/tn/help/2co/11/33)
* [Acts 9:25](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/25)
* [Amos 8:1](rc://en/tn/help/amo/08/01)
* [John 6:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/06/13)
* [Judges 6:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/06/19)
* [Matthew 14:20](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/20)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0374, H1731, H1736, H2935, H3619, H5536, H7991, G28940, G34260, G45530, G47110

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# bold, boldness, emboldened
## Definition:
These terms all refer to having courage and confidence to speak the truth and do the right thing even when it is difficult or dangerous.
* A “bold” person is not afraid to say and do what is good and right, including defending people who are being mistreated. This could be translated as “courageous” or “fearless.”
* In the New Testament, the disciples continued to “boldly” preach about Christ in public places, in spite of the danger of being put in jail or killed. This could be translated as “confidently” or “with strong courage” or “courageously.”
* The “boldness” of these early disciples in speaking the good news of Christs redeeming death on the cross resulted in the gospel being spread throughout Israel and nearby countries and finally, to the rest of the world. “Boldness” could also be translated as “confident courage.”
(See also: [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:28](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/28)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/01)
* [2 Corinthians 3:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/2co/03/12)
* [Acts 4:13](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/13)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0982, H5797, G06620, G22920, G36180, G39540, G39550, G51110, G51120

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# breath, breathe
## Definition:
In the Bible, the terms “breathe” and “breath” are often used figuratively to refer to giving life or having life.
* The Bible teaches that God “breathed into” Adam the breath of life. It was at that point that Adam became a living soul.
* When Jesus breathed on the disciples and told them to “receive the Spirit,” he was probably literally breathing out air onto them to symbolize the Holy Spirit coming to them.
* Sometimes the terms “breathing” and “breathing out” are used to refer to speaking.
* The figurative expression “breath of God” or “breath of Yahweh” often refers to Gods wrath being poured out on rebellious or godless nations. It communicates his power.
## Translation Suggestions
* The expression “breathed his last” is a figurative way of saying “he died.” It could also be translated as “he took his last breath” or “he stopped breathing and died” or “he breathed in air one last time.”
* Describing the Scriptures as “God-breathed” means that God spoke or inspired the words of the Scriptures which human authors then wrote down. It is probably best, if possible, to translate “God-breathed” somewhat literally since it is difficult to communicate the exact meaning of this.
* If a literal translation of “God-breathed” is not acceptable, other ways to translate this could include “inspired by God” or “authored by God” or “spoken by God.” It could also be said that “God breathed out the words of Scripture.”
* The expressions “put breath in” or “breathe life into” or “gives breath to” could be translated as “cause to breathe” or “make alive again” or “enable them to live and breathe” or “give life to.”
* If possible, it is best to translate “breath of God” with the literal word that is used for “breath” in the language. If God cannot be said to have “breath,” this could be translated as “Gods power” or “Gods speech.”
* The expression “catch my breath” or “get my breath” could be translated as “relax in order to breathe more slowly” or “stop running in order to breathe normally.”
* The expression “is only a breath” means “lasts a very short time.”
* Similarly the expression “man is a single breath” means “people live a very short time” or “the lives of human beings are very short, like a single breath” or “compared to God, the life of a person seems as short as the time it takes to breathe in one breath of air.”
(See also: [Adam](../names/adam.md), [Paul](../names/paul.md), [word of God](../kt/wordofgod.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 17:17](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/17/17)
* [Ecclesiastes 8:8](rc://en/tn/help/ecc/08/08)
* [Job 4:9](rc://en/tn/help/job/04/09)
* [Revelation 11:11](rc://en/tn/help/rev/11/11)
* [Revelation 13:15](rc://en/tn/help/rev/13/15)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H3307, H5301, H5396, H5397, H7307, G17200, G41570

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# burden, load, heavy, hard work, hard labor, utterances
## Definition:
A burden is a heavy load. It literally refers to a physical load such as a work animal would carry. The term “burden” also has several figurative meanings:
* A burden can refer to a difficult duty or important responsibility that a person has to do. He is said to be “bearing” or “carrying” a “heavy burden.”
* A cruel leader may put difficult burdens on the people he is ruling, for example by forcing them to pay large amounts of taxes.
* A person who does not want to be a burden to someone does not want to cause that other person any trouble.
* The guilt of a persons sin is a burden to him.
* The “burden of the Lord” is a figurative way of referring to a “message from God” that a prophet must deliver to Gods people.
* The term “burden” can be translated by “responsibility” or “duty” or “heavy load” or “message,” depending on the context.
## Bible References:
* [2 Thessalonians 3:6-9](rc://en/tn/help/2th/03/06)
* [Galatians 6:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/01)
* [Galatians 6:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/03)
* [Genesis 49:15](rc://en/tn/help/gen/49/15)
* [Matthew 11:30](rc://en/tn/help/mat/11/30)
* [Matthew 23:4](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/04)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2960, H3053, H4614, H4853, H4864, H5445, H5447, H5448, H5449, H5450, H6006, G00040, G09160, G09220, G23470, G25990, G26550, G54130

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# clothe, clothed, clothes, clothing, unclothed, garments
## Definition:
When used figuratively in the Bible, “clothed with” means to be endowed or equipped with something. To “clothe” oneself with something means to seek to have a certain character quality.
* In the same way that clothing is external to your body and is visible to all, when you are “clothed” with a certain character quality, others can readily see it. To “clothe yourself with kindness” means to let your actions be so characterized by kindness that it is easily seen by everyone.
* To be “clothed with power from on high” means to have power given to you.
* This term is also used to express negative experiences, such as “clothed with shame” or “clothed with terror.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* If possible, it is best to keep the literal figure of speech, “clothe yourselves with.” Another way to translate this could be “put on” if this refers to putting on clothes.
* If that does not give the correct meaning, other ways to translate “clothed with” could be “showing” or “manifesting” or “filled with” or “having the quality of.”
* The term “clothe yourself with” could also be translated as “cover yourself with” or “behave in a way that shows.”
## Bible References:
* [Luke 24:49](rc://en/tn/help/luk/24/49)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0899, H3680, H3736, H3830, H3847, H3848, H4055, H4374, H5497, H8008, H8071, H8516, G02940, G14630, G15620, G17370, G17420, G17460, G19020, G20660, G22240, G24390, G24400, G40160, G47490, G55090

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# confidence, confident
## Definition:
The term “confidence” refers to being sure that something is true or certain to happen.
* In the Bible, the term “hope” often means to wait expectantly for something that is sure to happen. The ULT often translates this as “confidence” or “confidence for the future” or “future confidence” especially when it means to be assured of receiving what God has promised to believers in Jesus.
* Often the term “confidence” refers especially to the certainty that believers in Jesus have that they will someday be with God forever in heaven.
* The phrase, “have confidence in God” means to fully expect to receive and experience what God has promised.
* Being “confident” means believing in Gods promises and acting with the assurance that God will do what he has said. This term can also have the meaning of acting boldly and courageously.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “confident” could be translated as “assured” or “very sure.”
* The phrase “be confident” could also be translated as “trust completely” or “be completely sure about” or “know for certain.”
* The term “confidently” could also be translated as “boldly” or “with certainty.”
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “confidence” could include, “complete assurance” or “sure expectation” or “certainty.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [bold](../other/bold.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [hope](../kt/hope.md), [trust](../kt/trust.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0982, H0983, H0986, H3689, H3690, H4009, G22920, G39540, G39820, G40060, G52870

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# crime, criminal
## Definition:
The term “crime” usually refers to a sin that involves breaking the law of a country or state. The term “criminal” refers to someone who has committed a crime.
* Types of crimes include such things as killing a person or stealing someones property.
* A criminal is usually captured and kept in some form of captivity such as a prison.
* In Bible times, some criminals became fugitives, wandering from place to place to escape people who wanted to harm them out of revenge for their crime.
(See also: [thief](../other/thief.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Timothy 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/02/09)
* [Hosea 6:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/hos/06/08)
* [Job 31:26-28](rc://en/tn/help/job/31/26)
* [Luke 23:32](rc://en/tn/help/luk/23/32)
* [Matthew 27:23-24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/27/23)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2154, H2400, H4639, H5771, H7563, H7564, G25560, G25570, G44670

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# darkness
## Definition:
The term “darkness” literally means an absence of light. There are also several figurative meanings of this term:
* As a metaphor, “darkness” means “impurity” or “evil” or “spiritual blindness.”
* It also refers to anything related to sin and moral corruption.
* The expression “dominion of darkness” refers to all that is evil and ruled by Satan.
* The term “darkness” can also be used as a metaphor for death. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
* People who do not know God are said to be “living in darkness,” which means they do not understand or practice righteousness.
* God is light (righteousness) and the darkness (evil) cannot overcome that light.
* The place of punishment for those who reject God is sometimes referred to as “outer darkness.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term literally, with a word in the project language that refers to the absence of light. This could also be a term that refers to the darkness of a room with no light or to the time of day when there is no light.
* For the figurative uses, it is also important to keep the image of darkness in contrast to light, as a way to describe evil and deception in contrast to goodness and truth.
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this could be, “darkness of night” (as opposed to “light of day”) or “not seeing anything, like at night” or “evil, like a dark place”.
(See also: [corrupt](../other/corrupt.md), [dominion](../kt/dominion.md), [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [light](../other/light.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/06)
* [1 John 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/08)
* [1 Thessalonians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/05)
* [2 Samuel 22:12](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/22/12)
* [Colossians 1:13](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/13)
* [Isaiah 5:30](rc://en/tn/help/isa/05/30)
* [Jeremiah 13:16](rc://en/tn/help/jer/13/16)
* [Joshua 24:7](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/07)
* [Matthew 8:12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/12)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0652, H0653, H2816, H2821, H2822, H2825, H3990, H3991, H4285, H5890, H6205, G22170, G46520, G46530, G46550, G46560

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# die, dead, deadly, death
## Definition:
The term “death” refers to being physically dead instead of alive.
### 1. Physical death
* To “die” means to stop living. Death is the end of physical life.
* The expression “put to death” refers to killing or murdering someone, especially when a king or other ruler gives an order for someone to be killed.
### 2. Eternal death
* Eternal death is the separation of a person from God.
* This is the kind of death that happened to Adam when he sinned and disobeyed God. His relationship with God was broken. He became ashamed and tried to hide from God.
* This same kind of death happens to every person, because we sin. But God gives us eternal life when we have faith in Jesus Christ.
## Translation Suggestions:
* To translate this term, it is best to use the everyday, natural word or expression in the target language that refers to death.
* In some languages, to “die” may be expressed as to “not live.” The term “dead” may be translated as “not alive” or “not having any life” or “not living.”
* Many languages use figurative expressions to describe death, such as to “pass away” in English. However, in the Bible it is best to use the most direct term for death that is used in everyday language.
* In the Bible, eternal life and eternal death are often compared to physical life and physical death. It is important in a translation to use the same word or phrase for both physical death and eternal death.
* In some languages it may be more clear to say “eternal death” when the context requires that meaning. Some translators may also feel it is best to say “physical death” in contexts where it is being contrasted to spiritual death.
* The expression “the dead” is a nominal adjective that refers to people who have died. Some languages will translate this as “dead people” or “people who have died.” (See: [nominal adjective](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj))
* The expression “put to death” could also be translated as “kill” or “murder” or “execute.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faith](../kt/faith.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 15:21](rc://en/tn/help/1co/15/21)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:17](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/17)
* [Acts 10:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/42)
* [Acts 14:19](rc://en/tn/help/act/14/19)
* [Colossians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/15)
* [Colossians 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/20)
* [Genesis 2:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/15)
* [Genesis 34:27](rc://en/tn/help/gen/34/27)
* [Matthew 16:28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/28)
* [Romans 5:10](rc://en/tn/help/rom/05/10)
* [Romans 5:12](rc://en/tn/help/rom/05/12)
* [Romans 6:10](rc://en/tn/help/rom/06/10)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/11)__ God told Adam that he could eat from any tree in the garden except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. If he ate from this tree, he would __die__.
* __[2:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/11)__ “Then you will __die__, and your body will return to dirt.”
* __[7:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/07/10)__ Then Isaac __died__, and Jacob and Esau buried him.
* __[37:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/05)__ Jesus replied, “I am the Resurrection and the Life. Whoever believes in me will live, even though he __dies__. Everyone who believes in me will never __die__.”
* __[40:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/08)__ Through his __death__, Jesus opened a way for people to come to God.
* __[43:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/07)__ “Although Jesus __died__, God raised him from the dead.”
* __[48:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/02)__ Because they sinned, everyone on earth gets sick and everyone __dies__.
* __[50:17](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/17)__ He (Jesus) will wipe away every tear and there will be no more suffering, sadness, crying, evil, pain, or __death__.
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0006, H1478, H1826, H1934, H2491, H4191, H4192, H4193, H4194, H4463, H5038, H5315, H6297, H6757, H7496, H7523, H8045, H8546, H8552, G03360, G03370, G05200, G05990, G06150, G06220, G16340, G19350, G20790, G22530, G22860, G22870, G22880, G22890, G23480, G28370, G29660, G34980, G34990, G35000, G44300, G48800, G48810, G50530, G50540

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# disobey, disobeyed, disobedience, rebellious
## Definition:
The term “disobey” means to not obey what someone in authority has commanded or instructed. A person who does this is being “disobedient.”
* A person who does something he was told not to do is disobeying.
* To disobey also means to refuse to do something that was commanded.
* The term “disobedient” is also used to describe the character of someone who habitually disobeys or rebels. It means that they are sinful or wicked.
* The term “disobedience” means “the act of not obeying” or “behavior that is against what God wants.”
* A “disobedient people” could be translated by “people who keep on disobeying” or “people who do not do what God commands.”
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md), [obey](../other/obey.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 13:21](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/13/21)
* [Acts 26:19](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/19)
* [Colossians 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/07)
* [Luke 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/17)
* [Luke 6:49](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/49)
* [Psalms 89:30-32](rc://en/tn/help/psa/089/030)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/11)__ God said to the man, “You listened to your wife and __disobeyed__ me.”
* __[13:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/07)__ If the people obeyed these laws, God promised that he would bless and protect them. If they __disobeyed__ them, God would punish them.
* __[16:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/02)__ Because the Israelites kept __disobeying__ God, he punished them by allowing their enemies to defeat them.
* __[35:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/12)__ “The older son said to his father, All these years I have worked faithfully for you! I never __disobeyed__ you, and still you did not give me one small goat so I could celebrate with my friends.’”
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H4784, H5674, G05060, G05430, G05440, G05450, G38470, G38760

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# divorce
## Definition:
A divorce is the legal act of ending a marriage. The term to “divorce” means to formally and legally separate from ones spouse in order to end the marriage.
* The literal meaning of the term to “divorce” is to “send away” or to “formally separate from.” Other languages may have similar expressions to refer to divorce.
* A “certificate of divorce” could be translated as a “paper stating that the marriage has ended.”
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 8:8-11](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/08/08)
* [Leviticus 21:7-9](rc://en/tn/help/lev/21/07)
* [Luke 16:18](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/18)
* [Mark 10:4](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/10/04)
* [Matthew 5:32](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/32)
* [Matthew 19:3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/03)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1644, H3748, H5493, H7971, G06300, G06470, G08630

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# evildoer, evildoing
## Definition:
The term “evildoer” is a general reference to people who do sinful and wicked things.
* It can also be a general word for people who do not obey God.
* This term could be translated using the word for “evil” or “wicked,” with the word for “doing” or “making” or “causing” something.
(See also: [evil](../kt/evil.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Peter 2:13-17](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/02/13)
* [Isaiah 9:16-17](rc://en/tn/help/isa/09/16)
* [Luke 13:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/luk/13/25)
* [Malachi 3:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/mal/03/13)
* [Matthew 7:21-23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/21)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0205, H6213, H6466, H7451, H7489, G00930, G04580, G20380, G20400, G25550

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# face, facial
## Definition:
The word “face” literally refers to the front part of a persons head. This term also has several figurative meanings in the Bible.
* In the Bible, the term “face” is often used figuratively to mean a persons presence, the front of an object, or the surface of something.
* When referring to a person, the term “face” is often used figuratively to mean the action of seeing, which can represent that persons knowledge, perception, notice, attention, or judgment.
* In a physical sense, to “face” someone or something means to look in the direction of that person or thing.
* To “face each other” means to “look directly at each other.”
* Being “face to face” means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.
* When Jesus “steadfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem,” it means that he very firmly decided to go.
* To “set ones face against” people or a city means to firmly decide to no longer support, or to reject that city or person.
* The expression “face of the land” refers to the surface of the earth and often is a general reference to the whole earth. For example, a “famine covering the face of the earth” refers to a widespread famine affecting many people living on earth.
* The figurative expression “do not hide your face from your people” means “do not reject your people” or “do not desert your people” or “do not stop taking care of your people.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* If possible, it is best to keep the expression or use an expression in the project language that has a similar meaning.
* The term to “face” could be translated as to “turn toward” or to “look at directly” or to “look at the face of.”
* The expression “face to face” could be translated as “up close” or “right in front of” or “in the presence of.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “before his face” could be translated as “ahead of him” or “in front of him” or “before him” or “in his presence.”
* The expression “set his face toward” could be translated as “began traveling toward” or “firmly made up his mind to go to.”
* The expression “hide his face from” could be translated as “turn away from” or “stop helping or protecting” or “reject.”
* To “set his face against” a city or people could be translated as “look at with anger and condemn” or “refuse to accept” or “decide to reject” or “condemn and reject” or “pass judgment on.”
* The expression “say it to their face” could be translated as “say it to them directly” or “say it to them in their presence” or “say it to them in person.”
* The expression “on the face of the land” could also be translated as “throughout the land” or “over the whole land” or “living throughout the land.”
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 5:4](rc://en/tn/help/deu/05/04)
* [Genesis 33:10](rc://en/tn/help/gen/33/10)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0600, H0639, H5869, H6440, H8389, G37990, G43830, G47500

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# ancestor, father, fathered, forefather, grandfather
## Definition:
The term “father” refers to a persons male parent.
* The terms “father” and “forefather” are often used to refer to a male ancestor(s) of a certain person or people group. This could also be translated a “ancestor” or “ancestral father.”
* The expression “the father of” can figuratively refer to a person who is the leader a group of related people or the source of something. For example, in Genesis 4 “the father of all who live in tents” could mean, “the first clan leader of the first people who ever lived in tents.”
* The apostle Paul figuratively called himself the “father” of those he had helped to become Christians through sharing the gospel with them.
## Translation Suggestions
* When talking about a father and his literal son, this term should be translated using the usual term to refer to a father in the language.
* “God the Father” should also be translated using the usual, common word for “father.”
* When referring to forefathers, this term could be translated as “ancestors” or “ancestral fathers.”
* When Paul refers to himself figuratively as a father to believers in Christ, this could be translated as “spiritual father” or “father in Christ.”
* Sometimes the word “father” can be translated as “clan leader,” depending on the context.
* The phrase “father of all lies” could be translated as “source of all lies” or “the one from whom all lies come.”
(See also: [God the Father](../kt/godthefather.md), [son](../kt/son.md), [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:2](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/02)
* [Acts 7:32](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/32)
* [Acts 7:45](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/45)
* [Acts 22:3](rc://en/tn/help/act/22/03)
* [Genesis 31:30](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/30)
* [Genesis 31:42](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/42)
* [Genesis 31:53](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/53)
* [Hebrews 7:4-6](rc://en/tn/help/heb/07/04)
* [John 4:12](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/12)
* [Joshua 24:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/03)
* [Malachi 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/mal/03/07)
* [Mark 10:7-9](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/10/07)
* [Matthew 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/07)
* [Matthew 3:9](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/09)
* [Matthew 10:21](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/21)
* [Matthew 18:14](rc://en/tn/help/mat/18/14)
* [Romans 4:12](rc://en/tn/help/rom/04/12)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0001, H0002, H0025, H0369, H0539, H1121, H1730, H1733, H2524, H3205, H3490, H4940, H5971, H7223, G05400, G10800, G37370, G39620, G39640, G39660, G39670, G39700, G39710, G39950, G42450, G42690, G46130

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# fire, firebrands, firepans, fireplace, firepot
## Definition:
Fire is the heat, light, and flames that are produced when something is burned.
* Burning wood by fire turns the wood into ashes.
* Fire could also refer to lightning in the context of a storm or it being from heaven.
* The term “fire” is also used figuratively, usually referring to judgment or purification.
* The final judgment of unbelievers is in the fire of hell.
* Fire is used to refine gold and other metals. In the Bible, this process is used to explain how God refines people through difficult things that happen in their lives.
* The phrase “baptize with fire” could also be translated as “cause to experience suffering in order to be purified.”
(See also: [pure](../kt/purify.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 16:18-20](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/16/18)
* [2 Kings 1:10](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/01/10)
* [2 Thessalonians 1:8](rc://en/tn/help/2th/01/08)
* [Acts 7:29-30](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/29)
* [John 15:6](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/15/06)
* [Luke 3:16](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/16)
* [Matthew 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/12)
* [Nehemiah 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/neh/01/3)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0215, H0217, H0398, H0784, H0800, H0801, H1197, H1200, H1513, H2734, H3341, H3857, H4071, H4168, H5135, H6315, H8316, G04390, G04400, G10670, G27410, G44420, G44430, G44470, G44480, G44510, G53940, G54570

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# groan
## Definition:
The term to “groan” refers to the uttering of a deep, low sound that is caused by physical or emotional distress. It could also be the sound someone makes without any words.
* A person can groan because of feeling grief.
* Groaning can be caused by feeling a terrible, oppressive burden.
* Other ways to translate “groan” could include, “give a low cry of pain” or “grieve deeply.”
* As a noun, this could be translated as “a low cry of distress” or “a deep murmur of pain.”
(See also: [cry](../other/cry.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 5:2](rc://en/tn/help/2co/05/02)
* [Hebrews 13:17](rc://en/tn/help/heb/13/17)
* [Job 23:2](rc://en/tn/help/job/23/02)
* [Psalms 32:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/032/003)
* [Psalms 102:5-6](rc://en/tn/help/psa/102/005)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0584, H0585, H0602, H0603, H1901, H1993, H5008, H5009, H5098, H5594, H7581, G47260, G47270, G49590

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# hand
## Definition:
The word “hand” refers to the part of the body at the end of the arm. This term is often used figuratively to refer to a persons power, control, or action, whether it be in reference to God or in reference to a human person.
Some of the various uses of the term “hand” include the following:
* The term “hand” can be used figuratively to refer to the position of being “beside” a person, an object, or a location.
* To “lay a hand on” means to “harm.” To “save from the hand of” means to prevent someone from being harmed by another person.
* The position of being “on the right hand” means “on the right side” or “to the right.”
* The expression “by the hand of” someone means “by” or “through” the action of that person. For example, the phrase “by the hand of the Lord” means that God caused something to happen.
* Expressions such as “hand over to” or “deliver into the hands of” refer to causing someone to be under the control or power of someone else.
* The term “laying on of hands” can refer to placing a hand on a person in order to dedicate that person to Gods service, to pray for healing, or to ask God to bless that person.
* When Paul says “written by my hand,” it means that he himself wrote that part of the letter rather than speaking it to someone else to write down.
## Translation Suggestions
* These expressions and other figures of speech could be translated using other figurative expressions that have the same meaning. Or the meaning could be translated using direct, literal language (see examples above).
* The expression “handed him the scroll” could also be translated as “gave him the scroll” or “put the scroll in his hand.” It was not given to him permanently, but just for the purpose of using it at that time.
* An expression such as “delivered them into the hands of their enemies” or “handed them over to their enemies,” could be translated as “allowed their enemies to conquer them” or “caused them to be captured by their enemies” or “empowered their enemies to gain control over them.”
* To “die by the hand of” could be translated as “be killed by.”
* The expression “on the right hand of” could be translated as “on the right side of.”
* In regard to Jesus being “seated at the right hand of God,” if this does not communicate in the language that it refers to a position of high honor and equal authority, a different expression with that meaning could be used. Or a short explanation could be added: “on the right side of God, in the position of highest authority.”
(See also: [power](../kt/power.md), [right hand](../kt/righthand.md), [honor](../kt/honor.md), [bless](../kt/bless.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:25](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/25)
* [Acts 8:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/17)
* [Acts 11:21](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/21)
* [Genesis 9:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/09/05)
* [Genesis 14:20](rc://en/tn/help/gen/14/20)
* [John 3:35](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/35)
* [Mark 7:32](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/07/32)
* [Matthew 6:3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/06/03)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2026, H2651, H2947, H2948, H3027, H3028, H3225, H3231, H3233, H3709, H7126, H7138, H8040, H8042, H8168, G07100, G11880, G14480, G14510, G21760, G29020, G40840, G44740, G54950, G54960, G54970

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# head
## Definition:
The word “head” refers to the uppermost body part of a human body, above the neck. This term is often used figuratively to mean many different things, including “top,” “first,” “beginning,” “source,” and other concepts.
Some examples of various uses of the term “head” include:
* The expression “no razor will ever touch his head” means that he should never cut or shave his hair.
* The expression “let their blood be on his own head” means that the man is responsible for their deaths and will receive the punishment for that.
* The expression “heads of grain” refers to the top part of wheat or barley plants that contains the seeds. Similarly, the expression “head of a mountain” refers to the top part of the mountain.
* The term “head” can also refer to the beginning or source of something, or the first in a series of things (can be objects or people).
* Often the term “head” refers to the most important person in a group or to a person who is in authority over others. For example, the phrase “You have made me the head over nations” means “You have made me the ruler…” or “You have given me authority over….”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, the term “head” could be translated as “authority” or “ruler” or “the one who is responsible for.”
* The expression “will be on his own head” could be translated as “will be on him” or “he will be punished for” or “he will be held responsible for” or “he will be considered guilty for.”
* Depending on the context, some other ways to translate this term might include “top” or “beginning” or “source” or “leader.”
(See also: [chief](../other/chief.md), [grain](../other/grain.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 1:51-54](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/01/51)
* [1 Kings 8:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/08/01)
* [1 Samuel 9:22](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/09/22)
* [Colossians 2:10](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/10)
* [Colossians 2:19](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/19)
* [Numbers 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/num/01/04)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0441, H1270, H1538, H3852, H4425, H4761, H4763, H5110, H5324, H6285, H6287, H6797, H6915, H6936, H7139, H7144, H7146, H7217, H7226, H7218, H7541, H7636, H7641, H7872, G03460, G07550, G27750, G27760, G47190

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# cure, cured, heal, healed, healing, healer, health, healthy, unhealthy
## Definition:
The terms “heal” and “cure” both mean to cause a sick, wounded, or disabled person to be healthy again.
* A person who is “healed” or “cured” has been “made well” or “made healthy.”
* Healing can happen naturally since God gave our bodies the ability to recover from many kinds of wounds and diseases. Thsi kind of healing usually happens slowly.
* However, certain conditions, such as being blind or paralyzed, and certain serious diseases, such as leprosy, however do not heal on their own. When people are healed of these things, it is a miracle that usually happens suddenly.
* For example, Jesus healed many people who were blind or lame or diseased, and they became well right away.
* The apostles also healed people miraculously, such as when Peter caused a crippled man to immediately be able to walk.
(See also: [miracle](../kt/miracle.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 5:16](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/16)
* [Acts 8:6](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/06)
* [Luke 5:13](rc://en/tn/help/luk/05/13)
* [Luke 6:19](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/19)
* [Luke 8:43](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/43)
* [Matthew 4:23-25](rc://en/tn/help/mat/04/23)
* [Matthew 9:35](rc://en/tn/help/mat/09/35)
* [Matthew 13:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/13/15)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[19:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/19/14)__ One of the miracles happened to Naaman, an enemy commander, who had a horrible skin disease. He had heard of Elisha so he went and asked Elisha to __heal__ him.
* __[21:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/10)__ He (Isaiah) also predicted that the Messiah would __heal__ sick people and those who could not hear, see, speak, or walk.
* __[26:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/06)__ Jesus continued saying, “And during the time of the prophet Elisha, there were many people in Israel with skin diseases. But Elisha did not __heal__ any of them. He only __healed__ the skin disease of Naaman, a commander of Israels enemies.”
* __[26:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/08)__ They brought many people who were sick or handicapped, including those who could not see, walk, hear, or speak, and Jesus __healed__ them.
* __[32:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/14)__ She had heard that Jesus had __healed__ many sick people and thought, “Im sure that if I can just touch Jesus clothes, then I will be __healed__, too!”
* __[44:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/03)__ Immediately, God __healed__ the lame man, and he began to walk and jump around, and to praise God.
* __[44:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/08)__ Peter answered them, “This man stands before you __healed__ by the power of Jesus the Messiah.”
* __[49:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/02)__ Jesus did many miracles that prove he is God. He walked on water, calmed storms, __healed__ many sick people, drove out demons, raised the dead to life, and turned five loaves of bread and two small fish into enough food for over 5,000 people.
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0724, H1369, H1455, H2280, H2421, H2896, H3545, H4832, H4974, H7495, H7499, H7500, H7725, H7965, H8549, H8585, H8644, H0622, G12950, G17430, G23220, G23230, G23860, G23900, G23920, G25110, G36470, G49820, G51980, G51990

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# hoof
## Facts:
These terms refer to the hard material covering the bottom of the feet of certain animals such as camels, cattle, deer, horses, donkeys, pigs, oxen, sheep, and goats.
* An animals hooves protect its feet when walking.
* Some animals have hooves that are split into two parts and others do not.
* God told the Israelites that animals which had split hooves and chewed a cud were considered clean to eat. This included cattle, sheep, deer, and oxen.
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [camel](../other/camel.md), [cow, ox](../other/cow.md), [donkey](../other/donkey.md), [goat](../other/goat.md), [pig](../other/pig.md), [sheep](../other/sheep.md))
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 14:6](rc://en/tn/help/deu/14/06)
* [Ezekiel 26:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/26/09)
* [Leviticus 11:4](rc://en/tn/help/lev/11/04)
* [Psalms 69:31](rc://en/tn/help/psa/069/31)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H6119, H6471, H6536, H6541, H7272

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# imitate, imitator
## Definition:
The terms “imitate” and “imitator” refers to copying someone else by acting exactly like that person does.
* Christians are taught to imitate Jesus Christ by obeying God and loving others, just as Jesus did.
* The apostle Paul told the early church to imitate him, just as he imitated Christ.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “imitate” could be translated as “do the same things as” or “follow his example.”
* The expression “be imitators of God” could be translated as “be people who act like God does” or “be people who do the kinds of things God does.”
* “You became imitators of us” could be translated as “You followed our example” or “You are doing the same kinds of godly things that you saw us do.”
## Bible References:
* [3 John 1:11](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/11)
* [Matthew 23:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0310, H6213, G10960, G25960, G34010, G34020, G41600

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# kind [NOT kindness]
## Definition:
The term “kind” refers to a group or classification of something(s) that share some common characteristics but not all characteristics.
* In the Bible, this term is specifically used to refer to the distinctive kinds of plants and animals that God made when he created the world.
* Often there are many different variations or species within each “kind.” For example, horses, zebras, and donkeys are all members of the same “kind,” but they are different species.
* The main thing that distinguishes each “kind” as a separate group is that members of that group can reproduce more of their same “kind.” Members of different kinds cannot do that with each other.
## Translation Suggestions
* Ways to translate this term could include “type” or “class” or “group” or “animal (plant) group” or “category.”
## Bible References:
* [Genesis 1:21](rc://en/tn/help/gen/01/21)
* [Genesis 1:24](rc://en/tn/help/gen/01/24)
* [Mark 9:29](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/09/29)
* [Matthew 13:47](rc://en/tn/help/mat/13/47)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2178, H3978, H4327, G10850, G54490

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# know, knowledge, unknown, distinguish
## Definition:
The term “know” and “knowledge” means generally to understand something or someone. It can also mean to be aware of a fact or to be familiar with a person. The expression “to make known” means to tell information.
* The term “knowledge” refers to information that people know. It can apply to knowing physical concepts or abstract concepts.
* To “know about” God means to understand facts about him because of what he has revealed to us.
* To know Gods will means to be aware of what he has commanded, or to understand what he wants a person to do.
* To “know the Law” means to be aware of what God has commanded or to understand what God has instructed in the laws he gave to Moses.
* Sometimes “knowledge” is used as a synonym for “wisdom,” which includes living in a way that is pleasing to God.
* The “knowledge of God” is sometimes used as a synonym for the “fear of Yahweh.”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “know” could include “understand” or “be familiar with” or “be aware of” or “be acquainted with” or “be in relationship with.”
* In the context of understanding the difference between two things, the term is usually translated as “distinguish.” When used in this way, the term is often followed by the preposition “between.”
* Some languages have two different words for “know,” one for knowing facts and one for knowing a person and having a relationship with him.
* The term “make known” could be translated as “cause people to know” or “reveal” or “tell about” or “explain.”
* To “know about” something could be translated as “be aware of” or “be familiar with.”
* The expression “know how to” means to understand the process or method of getting something done. It could also be translated as “be able to” or “have the skill to.”
* The term “knowledge” could also be translated as “what is known” or “wisdom” or “understanding,” depending on the context.
(See also: [law](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [reveal](../kt/reveal.md), [understand](../other/understand.md), [wise](../kt/wise.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 2:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/12)
* [1 Samuel 17:46](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/17/46)
* [2 Corinthians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/2co/02/15)
* [2 Peter 1:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/03)
* [Deuteronomy 4:39-40](rc://en/tn/help/deu/04/39)
* [Genesis 19:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/19/05)
* [Luke 1:77](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/77)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1843, H1844, H1847, H1875, H3045, H3046, H4093, H4486, H5046, H5234, H5475, H5869, G00500, G00560, G10970, G11070, G11080, G14920, G19210, G19220, G19870, G24670, G25890, G42670, G48940

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The term “know” and “knowledge” means generally to understand something or someone. It can also mean to be aware of a fact or to be familiar with a person. The expression “to make known” means to tell information.
* The term “knowledge” refers to information that people know. It can apply to knowing physical concepts or abstract concepts.
* To “know about” God means to understand facts about him because of what he has revealed to us.
* To “know” God means to have a relationship with him. This also applies to knowing people.
* To know Gods will means to be aware of what he has commanded, or to understand what he wants a person to do.

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# in labor, labor pains, birth pains, pains of childbirth
## Definition:
A woman who is “in labor” is experiencing the pains that lead up to the birth of her child. These are called “labor pains.”
* In his letter to the Galatians, the apostle Paul used this term figuratively to describe his own intense striving to help his fellow believers become more and more like Christ.
* The analogy of labor pains is also used in the Bible to describe how disasters in the last days will happen with increasing frequency and intensity.
(See also: [labor](../other/labor.md), [last day](../kt/lastday.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 4:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/04/19)
* [Galatians 4:19](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/19)
* [Isaiah 13:8](rc://en/tn/help/isa/13/08)
* [Jeremiah 13:21](rc://en/tn/help/jer/13/21)
* [Psalms 48:6](rc://en/tn/help/psa/048/06)
* [Romans 8:22](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/22)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2342, H3018, H3205, H5999, H6887, G34490, G49440, G56040, G56050

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# epistle, letter
## Definition:
A letter is a written message sent to a person or group of persons who are usually a distance away from the writer. An epistle is a special type of letter, often written in a more formal style, for a special purpose, such as teaching.
* In New Testament times, epistles and other types of letters were written on parchment made from animal skins or on papyrus made from plant fibers.
* The New Testament epistles from Paul, John, James, Jude, and Peter were letters of instruction that they wrote to encourage, exhort, and teach the early Christians in various cities throughout the Roman Empire.
* Ways to translate this term could include “written message” or “written down words” or “writing.”
(See also: [encourage](../other/courage.md), [exhort](../kt/exhort.md), [teach](../other/teach.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 5:27](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/27)
* [2 Thessalonians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/2th/02/15)
* [Acts 9:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/01)
* [Acts 28:21-22](rc://en/tn/help/act/28/21)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0104, H0107, H3791, H4385, H5406, H5407, H5612, G11210, G19920

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# light, luminary, shine, brighten, enlighten
## Definition:
The term “light” is used figuratively in various ways in the Bible. Light is often used as a metaphor for wisdom, life, righteousness, truth, or happiness.
* Jesus said, “I am the light of the world” to express that he brings Gods true message to the world and rescues people from the darkness of their sin.
* Christians are commanded to “walk in the light,” which means they should be living the way God wants them to and avoiding evil.
* The apostle John stated that “God is light” and in him there is no darkness at all.
* Jesus said that he was “the light of the world” and that his followers should shine like lights in the world by living in a way that clearly shows how great God is.
* “Walking in the light” represents living in a way that pleases God, doing what is good and right. Walking in darkness represents living in rebellion against God, doing evil things.
## Translation Suggestions:
* When translating, it is important to keep the literal terms “light” and “darkness” even when they are used figuratively.
* It may be necessary to explain the comparison in the text. For example, “walk as children of light” could be translated as “live openly righteous lives, like someone who walks in bright sunlight.”
* Make sure that the translation of “light” does not refer to an object that gives light, such as a lamp. The translation of this term should refer to the light itself.
(See also: [darkness](../other/darkness.md), [wisdom](../kt/wise.md), [life](../kt/life.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [true](../kt/true.md), [joy](../other/joy.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/07)
* [1 John 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/08)
* [2 Corinthians 4:6](rc://en/tn/help/2co/04/06)
* [Acts 26:18](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/18)
* [Isaiah 2:5](rc://en/tn/help/isa/02/05)
* [John 1:5](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/05)
* [Matthew 5:16](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/16)
* [Matthew 6:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/06/23)
* [Nehemiah 9:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/neh/09/12)
* [Revelation 18:23-24](rc://en/tn/help/rev/18/23)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0216, H0217, H3313, H3974, H5051, H5094, H5105, H5216, H7837, G06810, G07960, G16450, G29850, G30880, G53380, G54570, G54580, G54600, G54620

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# melt, melted, molten
## Facts:
The term “melt” refers to something becoming liquid when it is heated. It is also used in figurative ways. Something that is melted is described as being “molten.”
* Different kinds of metals are heated until they melt and can be poured into molds in order to make things such as weapons or idols. The expression “molten metal” refers to a metal that is melted.
* As a candle burns, its wax melts and drips. In ancient times, letters were often sealed by pouring a small amount of melted wax on the edges.
* A figurative use of “melt” means to become soft and weak, like melted wax.
* The expression “their hearts will melt” means that they will become very weak because of fear.
* Another figurative expression “they will melt away” means that they will be forced to go away or they will be shown to be weak and will go away in defeat.
* The literal meaning of “melt” could be translated as “become liquid” or “liquefy” or “cause to become liquid.”
* Other ways to translate the figurative meanings of “melt” could include “become soft” or “become weak” or “be defeated.”
(See also: [heart](../kt/heart.md), [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [image](../other/image.md), [seal](../other/seal.md))
## Bible References:
* [Psalms 112:10](rc://en/tn/help/psa/112/10)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2046, H3988, H4127, H4529, H4541, H4549, H5140, H5413, H8557, G30890, G50800

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# obey, keep
## Definition:
The term “obey” means to do what has been commanded by a person or law. The term “obedient” describes someone who obeys. Sometimes a command prohibits doing something, as in “do not steal.” In this case, to “obey” means not to steal. In the Bible, often the term “keep” means “to obey.”
* Usually the term “obey” is used in the context of obeying the commands or laws of a person in authority. For example, people obey laws which are created by the leaders of a country, kingdom, or other organization.
* Children obey their parents, people obey God, and citizens obey the laws of their country.
* When someone in authority commands people not to do something, they obey by not doing that.
* Ways to translate obey could include a word or phrase that means “do what is commanded” or “follow orders” or “do what God says to do.”
* The term “obedient” could be translated as “doing what was commanded” or “following orders” or “doing what God commands.”
(See also: [citizen](../other/citizen.md), [command](../kt/command.md), [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [law](../other/law.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 5:32](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/32)
* [Acts 6:7](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/7)
* [Genesis 28:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/28/06)
* [James 1:25](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/25)
* [James 2:10](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/10)
* [Luke 6:47](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/47)
* [Matthew 7:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/26)
* [Matthew 19:20-22](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/20)
* [Matthew 28:20](rc://en/tn/help/mat/28/20)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[3:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/04)__ Noah __obeyed__ God. He and his three sons built the boat just the way God had told them.
* __[5:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/06)__ Again Abraham __obeyed__ God and prepared to sacrifice his son.
* __[5:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/10)__ “Because you (Abraham) have __obeyed __ me, all the families of the world will be blessed through your family”
* __[5:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/10)__ But the Egyptians did not believe God or __obey__ his commands.
* __[13:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/07)__ If the people __obeyed__ these laws, God promised that he would bless and protect them.
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1697, H2388, H3349, H4928, H6213, H7181, H8085, H8086, H8104, G01910, G39800, G39820, G50830, G50840, G52180, G52190, G52550, G52920, G52930, G54420

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# oppress, oppressed, oppression, oppressor, dominate
## Definition:
The terms “oppress” and “oppression” refer to treating people harshly. An “oppressor” is a person who oppresses people.
* The term “oppression” especially refers to a situation where people of greater strength mistreat or enslave people who are under their power or rule.
* The term “oppressed” describes the people who are being harshly treated.
* Often enemy nations and their rulers were oppressors to the people of Israel.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “oppress” could be translated as “severely mistreat” or “cause to be heavily burdened” or “put under miserable bondage” or “rule harshly.”
* Ways to translate “oppression” could include “heavy suppression and bondage” or “burdensome control.”
* The phrase “the oppressed” could be translated as “oppressed people” or “people in terrible bondage” or “those who are treated harshly.”
* The term “oppressor” could be translated as “person who oppresses” or “nation who controls and rules harshly” or “persecutor.”
(See also: [bind](../kt/bond.md), [enslave](../other/enslave.md), [persecute](../other/persecute.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Samuel 10:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/10/17)
* [Deuteronomy 26:7](rc://en/tn/help/deu/26/07)
* [Ecclesiastes 4:1](rc://en/tn/help/ecc/04/1)
* [Job 10:3](rc://en/tn/help/job/10/03)
* [Judges 2:18-19](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/18)
* [Nehemiah 5:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/neh/05/14)
* [Psalms 119:134](rc://en/tn/help/psa/119/134)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1790, H1792, H2541, H2555, H3238, H3905, H3906, H4642, H5065, H6031, H6125, H6184, H6206, H6216, H6217, H6231, H6233, H6234, H6693, H7429, H7533, H7701, G26160, G26690

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# pierce, pierced
## Definition:
The term “pierce” means to stab something with a sharp, pointed object. It is also used figuratively to refer to causing someone deep emotional pain.
* A soldier pierced Jesus side when he was hanging on the cross.
* In Bible times, a slave who was set free would have his ear pierced as a sign that he was choosing to continue working for his master.
* Simeon spoke figuratively when he told Mary that a sword would pierce her heart, meaning that she would experience deep grief because of what would happen to her son Jesus.
(See also: [cross](../kt/cross.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [servant](../other/servant.md), [Simeon](../names/simeon.md))
## Bible References:
* [Job 16:13](rc://en/tn/help/job/16/13)
* [Job 20:23-25](rc://en/tn/help/job/20/23)
* [John 19:37](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/19/37)
* [Psalms 22:16](rc://en/tn/help/psa/022/16)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0935, H1856, H2342, H2490, H2491, H2944, H3738, H4272, H5181, H5344, H5365, H6398, G13300, G13380, G15740, G26600, G35720, G40440

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# precious, valuable, expensive, fine
## Facts:
The term “precious” describes people or things that are considered to be very valuable.
* The term “precious stones” or “precious jewels” refers to rocks and minerals that are colorful or have other qualities that make them beautiful or useful.
* Examples of precious stones include diamonds, rubies, and emeralds.
* Gold and silver are called “precious metals.”
* Yahweh says that his people are “precious” in his sight (Isaiah 43:4).
* Peter wrote that a gentle and quiet spirit is precious in Gods sight (1 Peter 3:4).
* This term could also be translated as “valuable” or “very dear” or “cherished” or “highly valued.”
(See also: [gold](../other/gold.md), [silver](../other/silver.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Peter 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/01)
* [Acts 20:22-24](rc://en/tn/help/act/20/22)
* [Daniel 11:38-39](rc://en/tn/help/dan/11/38)
* [Lamentations 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/lam/01/7)
* [Luke 7:2-5](rc://en/tn/help/luk/07/02)
* [Psalms 36:8](rc://en/tn/help/psa/036/08)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0068, H1431, H2532, H2667, H2896, H3357, H3365, H3366, H3368, H4022, H4030, H4261, H4262, H5238, H8443, G09270, G17840, G24720, G41850, G41860, G50920, G50930

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# prison, prisoner, imprison
## Definition:
The term “prison” refers to a place where criminals are kept as a punishment for their crimes. A “prisoner” is someone who has been put in the prison.
* A person may be kept in a prison while waiting to be judged in a trial.
* The term “imprisoned” means “kept in a prison” or “kept in captivity.”
* Many prophets and other servants of God were put in prison even though they had not done anything wrong.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Another word for “prison” is “jail.”
* This term could also be translated as “dungeon” in contexts where the prison is probably underground or beneath the main part of a palace or other building.
* The term “prisoners” can also refer in general to people who have been captured by an enemy and kept somewhere against their will. Another way to translate this meaning would be “captives.”
* Other ways to translate “imprisoned” could be, “kept as a prisoner” or “kept in captivity” or “held captive.”
(See also: [captive](../other/captive.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 25:4](rc://en/tn/help/act/25/04)
* [Ephesians 4:1](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/01)
* [Luke 12:58](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/58)
* [Luke 22:33-34](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/33)
* [Mark 6:17](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/06/17)
* [Matthew 5:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/26)
* [Matthew 14:3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/03)
* [Matthew 25:34-36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/25/34)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0612, H0613, H0615, H0616, H0631, H0953, H1004, H1540, H3608, H3628, H3947, H4115, H4307, H4455, H4525, H4929, H5470, H6495, H7617, H7622, H7628, G11980, G11990, G12000, G12010, G12020, G12100, G22520, G36120, G47880, G48690, G50840, G54380, G54390

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# puffed up
## Definition:
The term “puffed up” is a figurative expression that refers to being proud or arrogant. (See: [Idiom](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom))
* A person who is puffed up has an attitude of feeling superior to others.
* Paul taught that knowing a lot of information or having religious experiences can lead to being “puffed up” or proud.
* Other languages may have a similar idiom or a different one that expresses this meaning, such as “having a big head.”
* This could also be translated as “very proud” or “disdainful of others” or “haughty” or “thinking oneself better than others.”
(See also: [arrogant](../other/arrogant.md), [proud](../other/proud.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 4:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/1co/04/06)
* [1 Corinthians 8:1](rc://en/tn/help/1co/08/01)
* [2 Corinthians 12:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/2co/12/06)
* [Habakkuk 2:4](rc://en/tn/help/hab/02/04)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H6075, G54480

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# push
## Definition:
The term “push” literally means to physically move something away using force. There are also several figurative meanings of this term.
* The expression “push away” can mean “reject” or “refuse to help.”
* To “push down” can mean to “oppress” or “persecute” or “defeat.” It can also mean that someone is literally being pushed down to the ground.
* To “push someone out” means to “get rid of” or “send away” that person.
* The expression “push ahead” means to persevere or to continue doing something without really making sure it is right or safe.
(See also: [oppress](../other/oppress.md), [persecute](../other/persecute.md), [reject](../other/reject.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1556, H1760, H3276, H3423, H5055, H5186, G06830, G42610

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# raise, rise, lift, get up, stir up,
## Definition:
### raise, raise up
In general, the word “raise” means to “lift up” or “make higher.”
* The phrase “raise up” sometimes means to cause something to come into being or to appear. It can also mean to appoint someone to do something.
* Sometimes “raise up” means to “restore” or “rebuild.”
* “Raise” has a specialized meaning in the phrase “raise from the dead.” It means to cause a dead person to become alive again.
* Sometimes “raise up” means to “exalt” someone or something.
### rise, arise
To “rise” or “arise” means to “go up” or “get up.” The terms “risen,” “rose,” and “arose” express past action.
* When a person gets up to go somewhere, this is sometimes expressed as “he arose and went” or “he rose up and went.”
* If something “arises” it means it “happens” or “begins to happen.”
* Jesus predicted that he would “rise from the dead.” Three days after Jesus died, the angel said, “He has risen!”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “raise” or “raise up” could be translated as “lift up” or “make higher.”
* To “raise up” could also be translated as to “cause to appear” or to “appoint” or to “bring into existence.”
* To “raise up the strength of your enemies” could be translated as “cause your enemies to be very strong.”
* The phrase “raise someone from the dead” could be translated as “cause someone to return from death to life” or “cause someone to come back to life.”
* Depending on the context, “raise up” could also be translated as “provide” or to “appoint” or to “cause to have” or “build up” or “rebuild” or “repair.”
* The phrase “arose and went” could be translated as “got up and went” or “went.”
* Depending on the context, the term “arose” could also be translated as “began” or “started up” or “got up” or “stood up.”
(See also: [resurrection](../kt/resurrection.md), [appoint](../kt/appoint.md), [exalt](../kt/exalt.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Chronicles 6:41](rc://en/tn/help/2ch/06/41)
* [2 Samuel 7:12](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/07/12)
* [Acts 10:40](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/40)
* [Colossians 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/01)
* [Deuteronomy 13:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/deu/13/01)
* [Jeremiah 6:1](rc://en/tn/help/jer/06/01)
* [Judges 2:18](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/18)
* [Luke 7:22](rc://en/tn/help/luk/07/22)
* [Matthew 20:19](rc://en/tn/help/mat/20/19)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[21:14](rc://en/tn/help/obs/21/14)__ The prophets foretold that the Messiah would die and that God would also __raise__ him from the dead.
* __[41:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/41/05)__ “Jesus is not here. He has __risen__ from the dead, just like he said he would!”
* __[43:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/07)__ “Although Jesus died, God __raised__ him from the dead. This fulfills the prophecy which says, You will not let your Holy One rot in the grave. We are witnesses to the fact that God __raised__ Jesus to life again.”
* __[44:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/05)__ “You killed the author of life, but God __raised__ him from the dead.”
* __[44:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/08)__ Peter answered them, “This man stands before you healed by the power of Jesus the Messiah. You crucified Jesus, but God __raised__ him to life again!”
* __[48:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/04)__ This meant that Satan would kill the Messiah, but God would __raise__ him to life again, and then the Messiah will crush the power of Satan forever.
* __[49:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/02)__ He (Jesus) walked on water, calmed storms, healed many sick people, drove out demons, __raised__ the dead to life, and turned five loaves of bread and two small fish into enough food for over 5,000 people.
* __[49:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/49/12)__ You must believe that Jesus is the Son of God, that he died on the cross instead of you, and that God __raised__ him to life again.
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2210, H2224, H5549, H5782, H5927, H5975, H6965, H6966, H6974, H7613, G03050, G03860, G03930, G04500, G10960, G13260, G14530, G15250, G18170, G18250, G18920, G19990, G48910

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# rest, rested, restless
## Definition:
The term “rest” generally means to stop working in order to relax or regain strength. However, the term can refer to various kinds of rest besides only rest from working. For example, a person might rest from fighting, rest from speaking, or rest from moving, etc.
* An object can be said to be “resting” somewhere, which means it is “standing” or “sitting” there.
* Something that “comes to rest” somewhere has “stopped” there.
* When a person or animals rest, they are sitting or lying down in order to refresh themselves.
* God commanded the Israelites to rest on the seventh day of the week. This day of not working was called the “Sabbath” day.
* To rest an object on something means to “place” or “put” it there.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, to “rest (oneself)” could also be translated as to “stop working” or to “refresh himself” or to “stop carrying burdens.”
* To “rest” an object on something could be translated as to “place” or “put” or “set” that object on something.
* When Jesus said, “I will give you rest,” this could also be translated as “I will cause you to stop carrying your burden” or “I will help you be at peace” or “I will empower you to relax and trust in me.”
* God said, “they will not enter my rest,” and this statement could be translated as “they will not experience my blessings of rest” or “they will not experience the joy and peace that comes from trusting in me.”
* The term “the rest” could be translated as “those that remain” or “all the other people” or “everything that is left.”
(See also: [remnant](../kt/remnant.md), [Sabbath](../kt/sabbath.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Chronicles 6:41](rc://en/tn/help/2ch/06/41)
* [Genesis 2:3](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/03)
* [Jeremiah 6:16-19](rc://en/tn/help/jer/06/16)
* [Matthew 11:29](rc://en/tn/help/mat/11/29)
* [Revelation 14:11](rc://en/tn/help/rev/14/11)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0014, H1824, H1826, H2308, H3498, H3499, H4494, H4496, H4771, H5117, H5118, H5183, H5564, H6314, H7258, H7280, H7599, H7604, H7605, H7606, H7611, H7673, H7677, H7901, H7931, H7954, H8058, H8172, H8252, H8300, G03720, G03730, G04250, G15150, G18790, G19540, G19810, G22700, G26630, G26640, G26810, G28380, G30620, G45200

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# return, turn back
## Definition:
The term “return” means to go back or to give something back.
* To “return to” something means to start doing that activity again. To “return to” a place or person means to go back to that place or person again.
* When the Israelites returned to their worship of idols, they were starting to worship them again.
* When they returned to Yahweh, they repented and were worshiping Yahweh again.
* To return land or things that were taken or received from someone else means to give that property back to the person it belongs to.
(See also: [turn](../other/turn.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H5437, H7725, H7729, H8421, H8666, G03440, G03600, G03900, G18770, G18800, G19940, G52900

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# run, runner, rushed, quickly went, scattered, flows
## Definition:
Literally the term “run” means “move very quickly on foot,” usually at a greater speed than can be accomplished by walking.
This main meaning of “run” is also used in figurative expressions such as the following:
* To “run in such a way as to win the prize” refers to persevering in doing Gods will with the same perseverance as running a race in order to win.
* To “run in the path of your commands” means to gladly and quickly obey Gods commands.
* To “run after other gods” means to persist in worshiping other gods.
* “I run to you to hide me” means to quickly turn to God for refuge and safety when faced with difficult things.
* Water and other liquids such as tears, blood, sweat, and rivers are said to “run.” This could also be translated as “flow.”
The border of a country or region is said to “run along” a river or the border of a different country. This could be translated by saying that the countrys border “is next to” the river or other country or by saying that the country “borders” the river or other country.
* Rivers and streams can “run dry,” which means that they no longer have water in them. This could be translated as “have dried up” or “have become dry.”
* The days of a feast can “run their course,” which means they “have passed by” or “are finished” or “are over.”*
(See also: [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [persevere](../other/perseverance.md), [refuge](../other/refuge.md), [turn](../other/turn.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 6:18](rc://en/tn/help/1co/06/18)
* [Galatians 2:2](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/02)
* [Galatians 5:7](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/07)
* [Philippians 2:16](rc://en/tn/help/php/02/16)
* [Proverbs 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/pro/01/16)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0213, H0386, H1065, H1272, H1556, H1980, H2100, H2416, H3001, H3212, H3332, H3381, H3920, H3988, H4422, H4754, H4794, H4944, H5074, H5127, H5140, H5472, H5756, H6437, H6440, H6544, H6805, H7272, H7291, H7310, H7323, H7325, H7519, H7751, H8264, H8308, H8444, G04130, G13770, G16010, G15300, G15320, G19980, G27010, G37290, G40630, G43700, G43900, G48900, G49360, G51430, G52400, G52950, G53430

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# send, sent, send out
## Definition:
To “send” is to cause someone or something to go somewhere. To “send out” someone is to tell that person to go on an errand or a mission.
* Often a person who is “sent out” has been appointed to do a specific task.
* Phrases like “send rain” or “send disaster” mean to “cause…to come.” This type of expression is usually used in reference to God causing these things to happen.
* The term “send” is also used in expressions such as to “send word” or to “send a message,” which means to give someone a message to tell someone else.
* To “send” someone “with” something can mean to “give” that thing “to” someone else, usually moving it some distance in order for the person to receive it.
* Jesus frequently used the phrase “the one who sent me” to refer to God the Father, who “sent” him to earth to redeem and save people. This could also be translated as “the one who commissoned me.”
(See also: [appoint](../kt/appoint.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md), [castout](../other/castout.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:33-34](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/33)
* [Acts 8:14-17](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/14)
* [John 20:21-23](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/20/21)
* [Matthew 9:37-38](rc://en/tn/help/mat/09/37)
* [Matthew 10:5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/05)
* [Matthew 10:40](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/40)
* [Matthew 21:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/21/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0935, H1540, H1980, H2199, H2904, H3318, H3474, H3947, H4916, H4917, H5042, H5130, H5375, H5414, H5674, H6963, H7368, H7725, H7964, H7971, H7972, H7993, H8421, H8446, G07820, G03750, G06300, G06490, G06520, G06570, G10260, G10320, G15440, G15990, G18210, G33330, G33430, G39360, G39920, G43110, G43410, G43690, G48420, G48820

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# had relations with, lovemaking, sleep with, lie with
## Definition:
In the Bible, these terms are euphemisms that refer to having sexual intercourse. (See: [Euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism))
* The expression “sleep with” someone commonly refers to having sexual relations with that person. The past tense is “slept with.”
* In the Old Testament book “Song of Songs,” the ULT uses the term “lovemaking” to translate the word “love,” which in that context refers to sexual relations. This term is related to the expression “make love to.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* Some languages may use different expressions for these terms in different contexts, depending on whether whether those involved are a married couple or whether they have some other relationship. It is important to make sure that the translation of this term has the correct meaning in each context.
* Depending on the context, expressions like these could be used to translate “sleep with”: “lie with” or “make love to” or “be intimate with.”
* Other ways to translate “have relations with” could include “have sexual relations with” or “have marital relations with.”
* The term “lovemaking” could also be translated as “loving” or “intimacy.” Or there may be an expression that is a natural way to translate this in the project language.
* It is important to check that the terms used to translate this concept are acceptable to the people who will be using the Bible translation.
(See also: [sexual immorality](../other/fornication.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 5:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/01)
* [1 Samuel 1:19](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/01/19)
* [Deuteronomy 21:13](rc://en/tn/help/deu/21/13)
* [Genesis 19:5](rc://en/tn/help/gen/19/05)
* [Matthew 1:25](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/25)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0160, H0935, H1540, H2181, H2233, H3045, H3212, H6172, H7250, H7901, H7903, G10970

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# shadow, overshadow, shade
## Definition:
The word “shadow” literally refers to the darkness that is caused by an object blocking the light. It also has several figurative meanings.
* The “shadow of death” means that death is present or near, just as a shadow indicates the presence of its object.
* Many times in the Bible, the life of a human being is compared to a shadow, which does not last very long and has no substance.
* Sometimes “shadow” is used as another word for “darkness.”
* The Bible talks about being hidden or protected in the shadow of Gods wings or hands. This is a picture of being protected and hidden from danger. Other ways to translate “shadow” in these contexts could include “shade” or “safety” or “protection.”
* It is best to translate “shadow” literally using the local term that is used to refer to an actual shadow.
(See also: [darkness](../other/darkness.md), [light](../other/light.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 20:9](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/20/09)
* [Genesis 19:8](rc://en/tn/help/gen/19/08)
* [Isaiah 30:2](rc://en/tn/help/isa/30/02)
* [Jeremiah 6:4](rc://en/tn/help/jer/06/04)
* [Psalms 17:8](rc://en/tn/help/psa/017/08)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2927, H6738, H6751, H6752, H6754, H6757, G06440, G19820, G26830, G46390

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# sister
## Definition:
A sister is a female person who shares at least one biological parent with another person. She is said to be that other persons sister or the sister of that other person.
* In the New Testament, “sister” is also used figuratively to refer to a woman who is a fellow believer in Jesus Christ.
* Sometimes the phrase “brothers and sisters” is used to refer to all believers in Christ, both men and women.
* In the Old Testament book Song of Songs, “sister” refers to a female lover or spouse.
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term with the literal word that is used in the target language to refer to a natural or biological sister, unless this would give wrong meaning.
* Other ways to translate this could include “sister in Christ” or “spiritual sister” or “woman who believes in Jesus” or “fellow woman believer.”
* If possible, it is best to use a family term.
* If the language has a feminine form for “believer,” this may be a possible way to translate this term.
* When referring to a lover or wife, this could be translated using a feminine form of “loved one” or “dear one.”
(See also: [brother](../kt/brother.md) [in Christ](../kt/inchrist.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 2:16-17](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/02/16)
* [Deuteronomy 27:22](rc://en/tn/help/deu/27/22)
* [Philemon 1:2](rc://en/tn/help/phm/01/02)
* [Romans 16:1](rc://en/tn/help/rom/16/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0269, H1323, G00270, G00790

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# skull
## Definition:
The term “skull” refers to the bony, skeletal structure of the head of a person or animal.
* Sometimes the term “skull” means “head,” as in the phrase “shave your skull.”
* The term “Place of the Skull” was another name for Golgotha, where Jesus was crucified.
* This term could also be translated as “head” or “head bone.”
(See also: [crucify](../kt/crucify.md), [Golgotha](../names/golgotha.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 9:35-37](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/09/35)
* [Jeremiah 2:16](rc://en/tn/help/jer/02/16)
* [John 19:17](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/19/17)
* [Matthew 27:32-34](rc://en/tn/help/mat/27/32)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1538, H6936, H7218, G28980

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# asleep, fall asleep, sleep, sleeper, sleepless
## Definition:
These terms can have figurative meanings relating to death.
* To “sleep” or “be asleep” can be a metaphor meaning to “be dead.” (See: Metaphor)
* The expression “fall asleep” means start sleeping, or, figuratively, die.
* To “sleep with ones fathers” means to die, as ones ancestors have, or to be dead, as ones ancestors are.
## Translation Suggestions:
* To “fall asleep” could be translated as to “suddenly become asleep” or to “start sleeping” or to “die,” depending on its meaning.
* Note: It is especially important to keep the figurative expression in contexts where the audience did not understand the meaning. For example, when Jesus told his disciples that Lazarus was “sleeping” they thought he meant that Lazarus was just sleeping naturally. In this context, it would not make sense to translate this as “he died.”
* Some project languages may have a different expression for death or dying which could be used if the expressions “sleep” and “asleep” do not make sense.
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 18:27-29](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/18/27)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:14](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/14)
* [Acts 7:60](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/60)
* [Daniel 12:2](rc://en/tn/help/dan/12/02)
* [Psalms 44:23](rc://en/tn/help/psa/044/23)
* [Romans 13:11](rc://en/tn/help/rom/13/11)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1957, H3462, H3463, H7290, H7901, H8139, H8142, H8153, H8639, G08790, G18520, G18530, G25180, G28370, G52580

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# stiff-necked, stubborn, stubbornness, hard of neck
## Definition:
The term “stiff-necked” is an idiom used in the Bible to describe people who keep disobeying God and refuse to repent. Such people are very proud and will not submit to Gods authority.
* Similarly, the term “stubborn” describes a person who refuses to change his mind or actions even when urged to do so. Stubborn people will not listen to good advice or warnings that other people give them.
* The Old Testament described the Israelites as “stiff-necked” because they did not listen to the many messages from Gods prophets who urged them to repent and turn back to Yahweh.
* If a neck is “stiff” it does not bend easily. The project language may have a different idiom that communicates that a person is “unbending” in that he refuses to change his ways.
* Other ways to translate this term could include “pridefully stubborn” or “arrogant and unyielding” or “refusing to change.”
(See also: [arrogant](../other/arrogant.md), [proud](../other/proud.md), [repent](../kt/repent.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:51](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/51)
* [Deuteronomy 9:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/deu/09/13)
* [Exodus 13:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/exo/13/14)
* [Jeremiah 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/jer/03/17)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0047, H3513, H5637, H6203, H6484, H7185, H7186, H7190, H8307, G04830, G46440, G46450

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# strength, strengthen, strong
## Facts:
The term “strength” refers to physical, emotional, or spiritual power. To “strengthen” someone or something means to make that person or object stronger.
* “Strength” can also refer to the power to withstand some kind of opposing force.
* A person has “strength of will” if he is able to avoid sinning when tempted.
* One writer of the Psalms called Yahweh his “strength” because God helped him to be strong.
* If a physical structure like a wall or building is being “strengthened,” people are rebuilding the structure, reinforcing it with more stones or brick so that it can withstand an attack.
## Translation Suggestions
* In general, the term “strengthen” can be translated as “cause to be strong” or “make more powerful.”
* In a spiritual sense, the phrase “strengthen your brothers” could also be translated as “encourage your brothers” or “help your brothers to persevere.”
* The following examples show the meaning of these terms, and therefore how they can be translated, when they are included in longer expressions.
* “puts strength on me like a belt” means “causes me to be completely strong, like a belt that completely surrounds my waist.”
* “in quietness and trust will be your strength” means “acting calmly and trusting in God will make you spiritually strong.”
* “will renew their strength” means “will become stronger again.”
* “by my strength and by my wisdom I acted” means “I have done all this because I am so strong and wise.”
* “strengthen the wall” means “reinforce the wall” or “rebuild the wall.”
* “I will strengthen you” means “I will cause you to be strong”
* “in Yahweh alone are salvation and strength” means “Yahweh is the only one who saves us and strengthens us.”
* “the rock of your strength” means “the faithful one who makes you strong”
* “with the saving strength of his right hand” means “he strongly rescues you from trouble like someone who holds you safely with his strong hand.”
* “of little strength” means “not very strong” or “weak.”
* “with all my strength” means “using my best efforts” or “strongly and completely.”
(See also: [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [persevere](../other/perseverance.md), [right hand](../kt/righthand.md), [save](../kt/save.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 18:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/18/19)
* [2 Peter 2:11](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/02/11)
* [Luke 10:27](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/27)
* [Psalm 21:1](rc://en/tn/help/psa/021/01)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0193, H0202, H0353, H0360, H0386, H0410, H0553, H0556, H1369, H1396, H2220, H2388, H2391, H2392, H2393, H2428, H3027, H3028, H3559, H3581, H3811, H3955, H4581, H5326, H5331, H5582, H5797, H5807, H5810, H5934, H5975, H6106, H6109, H6697, H6965, H7292, H7307, H8003, H8443, H8632, H8633, G04610, G09500, G14110, G14120, G17430, G17650, G18400, G19910, G24790, G24800, G29010, G29040, G36190, G37560, G45990, G47320, G47330, G47410

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# stumbling block, stone of stumbling
## Definition:
The term “stumbling block” or “stone of stumbling” refers to a physical object that causes a person to trip and fall.
* A figurative stumbling block is anything that causes a person to fail in a moral or spiritual sense.
* Also figuratively, a “stumbling block” or “stone of stumbling” can be something that prevents someone from having faith in Jesus or that causes someone to not grow spiritually.
* Often it is sin that is like a stumbling block to oneself or to others.
* Sometimes God places a stumbling block in the way of people who are rebelling against him.
## Translation Suggestions:
* If a language has a term for an object that triggers a trap, that word could be used to translate this term.
* This term could also be translated as “stone that causes stumbling” or “something that causes someone to not believe” or “obstacle that causes doubt” or “obstacle to faith” or “something that causes someone to sin.”
(See also: [stumble](../other/stumble.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 1:23](rc://en/tn/help/1co/01/23)
* [Galatians 5:11](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/11)
* [Matthew 5:29-30](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/29)
* [Matthew 16:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/23)
* [Romans 9:33](rc://en/tn/help/rom/09/33)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H4383, G30370, G43490, G46250

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# teach, teaching, untaught
## Definition:
To “teach” someone is to tell him something he doesnt already know. It can also mean to “provide information” in general, with no reference to the person who is learning. Usually the information is given in a formal or systematic way. A persons “teaching” is or his “teachings” are what he has taught.
* A “teacher” is someone who teaches. The past action of “teach” is “taught.”
* When Jesus was teaching, he was explaining things about God and his kingdom.
* Jesus disciples called him “Teacher” as a respectful form of address for someone who taught people about God.
* The information that is being taught can be shown or spoken.
* The term “doctrine” refers to a set of teachings from God about himself as well as Gods instructions about how to live. This could also be translated as “teachings from God” or “what God teaches us.”
* The phrase “what you have been taught” could also be translated as “what these people have taught you” or “what God has taught you,” depending on the context.
* Other ways to translate “teach” could include “tell” or “explain” or “instruct.”
* Often this term can be translated as “teaching people about God.”
(See also: [instruct](../other/instruct.md), [teacher](../other/teacher.md), [word of God](../kt/wordofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Timothy 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/1ti/01/03)
* [Acts 2:40-42](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/40)
* [John 7:14](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/07/14)
* [Luke 4:31](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/31)
* [Matthew 4:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/04/23)
* [Psalms 32:8](rc://en/tn/help/psa/032/08)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0502, H2094, H2449, H3045, H3046, H3256, H3384, H3925, H3948, H7919, H8150, G13170, G13210, G13220, G20850, G26050, G27270, G31000, G23120, G25670, G38110, G49940

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# turn, turn away, turn back, return
## Definition:
To “turn” means to physically change direction or to cause something else to change direction.
* The term “turn” can also mean “turn around” to look behind or to face a different direction.
* To “turn back” or “turn away” means to “go back” or “go away” or “cause to go away.”
* To “turn away from” can mean to “stop” doing something or to reject someone.
* To “turn toward” someone means to look directly at that person.
* To “turn and leave” or “turn his back to leave” means to “go away.”
* To “turn back to” means to “start doing something again.”
* To “turn away from” means to “stop doing something.”
* To “turn aside” means to change direction, it often means to either stop doing right and start doing evil or the opposite.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “turn” can be translated as “change direction” or “go” or “move.”
* In some contexts, “turn” could be translated as “cause” (someone) to do something. To “turn (someone) away from” could be translated as “cause (someone) to go away” or “cause (someone) to stop.”
* The phrase “turn away from God” could be translated as “stop worshiping God.”
* The phrase “turn back to God” could be translated as “start worshiping God again.”
* When enemies “turn back,” it means they “retreat.” To “turn back the enemy” means to “cause the enemy to retreat.”
* Used figuratively, when Israel “turned to” false gods, they “started to worship” them. When they “turned away” from idols, they “stopped worshiping” them.
* When God “turned away from” his rebellious people, he “stopped protecting” or “stopped helping” them.
* The phrase “turn the hearts of the fathers to their children” could be translated as “cause fathers to care for their children again.”
* The expression “turn my honor into shame” could be translated as “cause my honor to become shame” or “dishonor me so that I am shamed” or “shame me (by doing what is evil) so that people no longer honor me.”
* “I will turn your cities into ruin” could be translated as “I will cause your cities to be destroyed” or “I will cause enemies to destroy your cities.”
* The phrase “turn into” could be translated as “become.” When Moses rod “turned into” a snake, it “became” a snake. It could also be translated as “changed into.”
(See also: [false god](../kt/falsegod.md), [leprosy](../other/leprosy.md), [worship](../kt/worship.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 11:2](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/11/02)
* [Acts 7:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/42)
* [Acts 11:21](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/21)
* [Jeremiah 36:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/jer/36/01)
* [Luke 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/17)
* [Malachi 4:6](rc://en/tn/help/mal/04/06)
* [Revelation 11:6](rc://en/tn/help/rev/11/06)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H0541, H2015, H2017, H2186, H2559, H3943, H4672, H4740, H4878, H5186, H5253, H5414, H5437, H5472, H5493, H5528, H5627, H5753, H6437, H7227, H7725, H7734, H7750, H7760, H7847, H8159, H8447, G03440, G03870, G04020, G06540, G06650, G08680, G12940, G15780, G16120, G16240, G19940, G31790, G33130, G33290, G33440, G33460, G47620, G51570, G52900

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# voice
## Definition:
The term “voice” refers to audible sound that a person makes when speaking or communicating. In the Bible, the term can be used figuratively to refer to the concepts of sound, communication, and/or obedience.
## Translation Suggestions
* The expression “to hear someones voice” can mean either “to hear someone speaking” or “to heed what someone says.”
* The Bible describes God as “speaking” and having a “voice,” even though God doesnt have a physical body in the same way a human being does.
* The term “voice” sometimes implies the presence of a person, as in this statement: “A voice is heard in the desert saying, Prepare the way of the Lord.’” This could be translated as “A person is heard calling out in the desert….” (See: [synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
* However, sometimes the word “voice” is used for objects that cannot literally speak, such as when David exclaims in the psalms that the heavens have a “voice” that reaches the whole earth. This means that the objects in the sky communicate something to human beings about God the Creator. (See: [metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md), [proclaim](../other/preach.md), [splendor](../other/splendor.md).)
## Bible References:
* [John 5:36-38](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/05/36)
* [Luke 1:42](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/42)
* [Luke 9:35](rc://en/tn/help/luk/09/35)
* [Matthew 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/17)
* [Matthew 12:19](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/19)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H6963, H7032, H7445, H8193, G29060, G54560

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# walk, walked
## Definition:
The term “walk” is often used in a figurative sense to mean “live.”
* “Enoch walked with God” means that Enoch lived in a close relationship with God.
* To “walk by the Spirit” means to be guided by the Holy Spirit so that we do things that please and honor God.
* To “walk in” Gods commands or Gods ways means to “live in obedience to” his commands, that is, to “obey his commands” or “do his will.”
* When God says he will “walk among” his people, it means that he is living among them or closely interacting with them.
* To “walk contrary to” means to live or behave in a way that is against something or someone.
* To “walk after” means to seek or pursue someone or something. It can also mean to act in the same way as someone else.
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate “walk” literally, as long as the correct meaning will be understood.
* Otherwise, figurative uses of “walk” could also be translated by “live” or “act” or “behave.”
* The phrase “walk by the Spirit” could be translated by, “live in obedience to the Holy Spirit” or “behave in a way that is pleasing to the Holy Spirit” or “do things that are pleasing to God as the Holy Spirit guides you.”
* To “walk in Gods commands” could be translated by “live by Gods commands” or “obey Gods commands.”
* The phrase “walked with God” could be translated as “lived in close relationship with God by obeying and honoring him.”
(See also: [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [honor](../kt/honor.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/07)
* [1 Kings 2:4](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/02/04)
* [Colossians 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/07)
* [Galatians 5:25](rc://en/tn/help/gal/05/25)
* [Genesis 17:1](rc://en/tn/help/gen/17/01)
* [Isaiah 2:5](rc://en/tn/help/isa/02/05)
* [Jeremiah 13:10](rc://en/tn/help/jer/13/10)
* [Micah 4:2](rc://en/tn/help/mic/04/02)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H1869, H1980, H1981, H3212, H4108, G17040, G40430, G41980, G47480

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# water, deep
## Definition:
In addition to its primary meaning, “water” also often refers to a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river.
* The term “waters” refers to bodies of water or many sources of water. It can also be a general reference for a large amount of water.
* A figurative use of “waters” refers to great distress, difficulties, and suffering. For example, God promises that when we “go through the waters” he will be with us.
* The phrase “many waters” emphasizes how great the difficulties are.
* To “water” livestock and other animals means to “provide water for” them. In Bible times, this usually involved drawing water from a well with a bucket and pouring the water into a trough or other container for the animals to drink from.
* The “deep” refers to a deep body of water, such as the watery depths at the beginning of creation or bodies of water that extend deep under the earths surface such as oceans, seas, etc.
* In the Old Testament, God is referred to as the spring or fountain of “living waters” for his people. This means he is the source of spiritual power and refreshment.
* In the New Testament, Jesus used the phrase “living water” to refer to the Holy Spirit working in a person to transform and bring new life.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The phrase, “draw water” could be translated as “pull water up from a well with a bucket.”
* “Streams of living water will flow from them” could be translated as “the power and blessings from the Holy Spirit will flow out of them them like streams of water.” Instead of “blessings” the term “gifts” or “fruits” or “godly character” could be used.
* When Jesus is talking to the Samaritan woman at the well, the phrase “living water” could be translated as “water that gives life” or “lifegiving water.” In this context, the imagery of water must be kept in the translation.
* Depending on the context, the term “waters” or “many waters” could be translated as “great suffering (that surrounds you like water)” or “overwhelming difficulties (like a flood of water)” or “large amounts of water.”
(See also: [life](../kt/life.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 8:36-38](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/36)
* [Exodus 14:21](rc://en/tn/help/exo/14/21)
* [John 4:10](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/10)
* [John 4:14](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/14)
* [John 4:15](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/15)
* [Matthew 14:28-30](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/28)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H2222, H4325, H4529, H4857, H7301, H7783, H8248, H8415, G05040, G42150, G42220, G52020, G52040

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# it is written
## Definition:
The phrase “as it is written” or “what is written” occurs frequently in the New Testament and usually refers to commands or prophecies that were written in the Hebrew scriptures.
* Sometimes “as it is written” refers to what was written in the Law of Moses.
* Other times it is a quote from what one of the prophets wrote in the Old Testament.
* This could be translated “as it is written in the Law of Moses” or “as the prophets wrote long ago” or “what it says in Gods laws that Moses wrote down long ago”.
* Another option is to keep “It is written” and give a footnote that explains what this means.
(See also: [command](../kt/command.md), [law](../kt/lawofmoses.md), [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [word of God](../kt/wordofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 5:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/05/13)
* [Acts 13:29](rc://en/tn/help/act/13/29)
* [Exodus 32:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/exo/32/15)
* [John 21:25](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/21/25)
* [Luke 3:4](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/4)
* [Mark 9:12](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/09/12)
* [Matthew 4:6](rc://en/tn/help/mat/04/06)
* [Revelation 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/03)
## Word Data:
* Strongs: H3789, G11250