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# beget, begot, begat, begotten
## Definition:
The term “beget” means to become the father of someone.
## Translation Suggestions:
* You could translate the phrase “beget” as “bring forth” and the term “begat” as “fathered” and the term “begot” as “gave life.”
* The term “begotten” is the passive form of “beget” and means to “be born.”
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
*

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# blood
## Definition:
The term “blood” refers to the red liquid that comes out of a person’s skin when there is an injury or wound. Blood brings life-giving nutrients to a person’s entire body. In the Bible, the term “blood” is often used figuratively to mean “life” and/or several other concepts.
* When people made sacrifices to God, they killed an animal and poured its blood on the altar. This symbolized the sacrifice of the animal’s life to pay for people’s sins.
* The expression “flesh and blood” refers to human beings.
* The expression “own flesh and blood” refers to people who are biologically related.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term should be translated with the term that is used for blood in the target language.
* The expression “flesh and blood” could be translated as “people” or “human beings.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “my own flesh and blood” could be translated as “my own family” or “my own relatives” or “my own people.”
* If there is an expression in the target language that is used with this meaning, that expression could be used to translate “flesh and blood.”
(See also: [bloodshed](../other/bloodshed.md); [flesh](../kt/flesh.md); [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/07)
* [1 Samuel 14:32](rc://en/tn/help/1sa/14/32)
* [Acts 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/20)
* [Acts 5:28](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/28)
* [Colossians 1:20](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/20)
* [Galatians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/16)
* [Genesis 4:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/04/11)
* [Psalms 16:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/016/4)
* [Psalms 105:28-30](rc://en/tn/help/psa/105/028)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[8:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/03)__ Before Joseph’s brothers returned home, they tore Joseph’s robe and dipped it in goat’s __blood__.
* __[10:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/10/03)__ God turned the Nile River into __blood__, but Pharaoh still would not let the Israelites go.
* __[11:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/05)__ All the houses of the Israelites had __blood__ around the doors, so God passed over those houses and everyone inside was safe. They were saved because of the lamb’s __blood__.
* __[13:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/09)__ The __blood__ of the animal that was sacrificed covered the person’s sin and made that person clean in God’s sight.
* __[38:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/38/05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, “Drink this. It is my __blood__ of the New Covenant that is poured out for the forgiveness of sins.”
* __[48:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/10)__ When anyone believes in Jesus, the __blood__ of Jesus takes away that person’s sin, and God’s punishment passes over him.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1818, H5332, G01290, G01300, G01310

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# boast, boastful
## Definition:
The term “boast” means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself.
* Someone who is “boastful” talks about himself in a proud way.
* God rebuked the Israelites for “boasting in” their idols. They arrogantly worshiped false gods instead of the true God.
* The Bible also talks about people boasting in such things as their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, and their laws. This means that they were proud about these things and did not acknowledge that God is the one who provided these things.
* God urged the Israelites to instead “boast” or be proud about the fact that they know him.
* The apostle Paul also talks about boasting in the Lord, which means being glad and thankful to God for all he has done for them.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “boast” could include “brag” or “talk proudly” or “be proud.”
* The term “boastful” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “full of prideful talk” or “prideful” or “talking proudly about oneself.”
* In the context of boasting in or about knowing God, this could be translated as “take pride in” or “exalt in” or “be very glad about” or “give thanks to God about.”
* Some languages have two words for “pride”: one that is negative, with the meaning of being arrogant, and the other that is positive, with the meaning of taking pride in one’s work, family, or country.
## Translation Suggestions:
(See also: [proud](../other/proud.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 20:11](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/20/11)
* [2 Timothy 3:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/03/01)
* [James 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/14)
* [James 4:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/04/15)
* [Psalms 44:8](rc://en/tn/help/psa/044/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1984, H3235, H6286, G02120, G02130, G17400, G26200, G27440, G27450, G27460, G31660

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# body
## Definition:
The term “body” refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to an object or to a group consisting of individual members.
* Often the term “body” refers to a dead person or animal. Sometimes this is referred to as a “dead body” or a “corpse.”
* When Jesus said to the disciples at his last Passover meal, “This (bread) is my body,” he was referring to his physical body that would be “broken” (killed) to pay for their sins.
* In the Bible, Christians as a group are referred to as the “body of Christ.”
* Just as a physical body has many parts, the “body of Christ” has many individual members.
* Each individual believer has a special function in the body of Christ to help the whole group work together to serve God and bring him glory.
* Jesus is also referred to as the “head” (leader) of the “body” of his believers. Just as a person’s head tells his body what to do, so Jesus is the one who guides and directs Christians as members of his “body.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The best way to translate this term would be with the word that is most commonly used to refer to a physical body in the project language. Make sure that the word used is not an offensive term.
* When referring collectively to believers, for some languages it may be more natural and accurate to say “spiritual body of Christ.”
* When Jesus says, “This is my body,” it is best to translate this literally, with a note to explain it if needed.
* Some languages may have a separate word when referring to a dead body, such as “corpse” for a person or “carcass” for an animal. Make sure the word used to translate this makes sense in the context and is acceptable.
(See also: [head](../other/head.md), [hand](../other/hand.md); [face](../other/face.md); [loins](../other/loins.md); [righthand](../kt/righthand.md); [tongue](../other/tongue.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/10/12)
* [1 Corinthians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/05)
* [Ephesians 4:4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/04)
* [Judges 14:8](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/14/08)
* [Numbers 6:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/num/06/06)
* [Psalm 31:9](rc://en/tn/help/psa/031/09)
* [Romans 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/rom/12/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0990, H1320, H1460, H1465, H1472, H1480, H1655, H3409, H4191, H5038, H5085, H5315, H6106, H6297, H7607, G44300, G49540, G49830, G55590

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# brother
## Definition:
The term “brother” refers to a male sibling who shares at least one biological parent.
* In the Old Testament, the term “brothers” is also used as a general reference to relatives or associates, such as members of the same tribe, clan, occupation, or people group. When used in this way, the term can refer to both men and women.
* In the New Testament, the apostles often use the term “brothers” to refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women.
* A few times in the New Testament, the apostles used the term “sister” when referring specifically to a fellow Christian who was a woman, or to emphasize that both men and women are being included. For example, James emphasizes that he is talking about all believers when he refers to “a brother or sister who is in need of food or clothing.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term with the literal word that is used in the target language to refer to a natural or biological brother, unless this would give wrong meaning.
* In the Old Testament especially, when “brothers” is used very generally to refer to members of the same family, clan, or people group, possible translations could include “relatives” or “clan members” or “fellow Israelites.”
* In the context of referring to a fellow believer in Christ, this term could be translated as “brother in Christ” or “spiritual brother.”
* If both males and females are being referred to and “brother” would give a wrong meaning, then a more general kinship term could be used that would include both males and females.
* Other ways to translate this term so that it refers to both male and female believers could be “fellow believers” or “Christian brothers and sisters.”
* Make sure to check the context to determine whether only men are being referred to, or whether both men and women are included.
(See also: [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [God the Father](../kt/godthefather.md), [sister](../other/sister.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 7:26](rc://en/tn/help/act/07/26)
* [Genesis 29:10](rc://en/tn/help/gen/29/10)
* [Leviticus 19:17](rc://en/tn/help/lev/19/17)
* [Nehemiah 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/neh/03/01)
* [Philippians 4:21](rc://en/tn/help/php/04/21)
* [Revelation 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/09)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0251, H0252, H0264, H1730, H2992, H2993, H2994, H7453, G00800, G00810, G23850, G24550, G25000, G46130, G53600, G55690

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# call, call out
# call, called, call out, called out
## Definition:
The terms “call” and “call out” usually mean to speak loudly, but the term “call” can also mean to name or summon a person. There are also some other meanings.
The terms “call” and “call out,” in this sense, mean to speak loudly.
* To “call out” to someone means to shout, to announce, or to proclaim. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
* Often in the Bible, “call” has a meaning of “summon” or “command to come” or “request to come.”
* God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their “calling.”
* When God “calls” people, it means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
* This term is also used in the context of naming someone. For example, “His name is called John,” means “He is named John” or “His name is John.”
* To be “called by the name of” means that someone is given the name of someone else. God says that he has called his people by his name.
* A different expression, “I have called you by name” means that God has specifically chosen that person.
* In some contexts the terms “call” and “call out” mean to loudly ask for help.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “call” could be translated by a word that means “summon,” which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling.
* The expression “call out to you” could be translated as “ask you for help” or “pray to you urgently.”
* When the Bible says that God has “called” us to be his servants, this could be translated as “specially chose us” or “appointed us” to be his servants.
* “You must call his name” can also be translated as “you must name him.”
@ -26,17 +20,10 @@ The terms “call” and “call out” usually mean to speak loudly, but the te
* The expression “you are called by my name” could be translated as “I have given you my name, showing that you belong to me.”
* When God says, “I have called you by name,” this could be translated as “I know you and have chosen you.”
(See also: [pray](../kt/pray.md), [cry](../other/cry.md))
(See also: [pray](../kt/pray.md), [cry](../other/cry.md), [call to summon](../kt/call.md), [call name](../kt/call-name.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 18:24](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/18/24)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/07)
* [2 Timothy 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/01/09)
* [Ephesians 4:1](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/01)
* [Galatians 1:15](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/15)
* [Matthew 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/02/15)
* [Philippians 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/14)
## Word Data:

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# call, called
## Definition:
The terms “call” and “called,” in this sense, mean to name a place, person, or being. When referring to a person or thing the terms “call” and “called” can refer either to initially giving someone or something a name for the first time or to saying that thing or persons pre-existing name or title.
* The Bible sometimes uses these terms in the context of naming someone. For example, “His name is called John,” means “He is named John” or “His name is John.”
* To be “called by the name of” means that someone is given the name of someone else. God says that he has called his people by his name.
## Translation Suggestions:
* “You must call his name” can also be translated as “you must name him.”
* “His name is called” could also be translated as “his name is” or “he is named.”
* The expression “you are called by my name” could be translated as “I have given you my name, showing that you belong to me.”
* You could translates Jesus' words “You call me ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord,’” as “You address me as ‘Teacher’ and ‘Lord,’” or something similar to show that the word “call” in this context means to “address” someone by a specific name or title.
(See also: [call to summon](../kt/call.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# call, called
## Definition:
The term “call,” in this sense, means to summon a person or being.
* Often in the Bible, “call” has a meaning of “summon” or “command to come” or “request to come.”
* Depending on context the phrase “call upon” can be translated as "summon" or “request help from” or “request to come.”
* God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their “calling.”
* When God “calls” people, it means that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
* The expression, “I have called you by name” means that God has specifically chosen that person.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “call” could be translated by a word that means “summon,” which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling.
* When the Bible says that God has “called” us to be his servants, this could be translated as “specially chose us” or “appointed us” to be his servants.
* The expression “your calling” could be translated as “your purpose” or “God’s purpose for you” or “God’s special work for you.”
* When God says, “I have called you by name,” this could be translated as “I know you and have chosen you.”
(See also: [call to speak loudly](../kt/call-tospeakloudly.md), [call name](../kt/call-name.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# children, child, offspring
## Definition:
The term “child” (plural “children”) refers to the offspring of a man and woman. The term is often used more generally to refer to anyone who is young in age and is not yet a fully grown adult. The term “offspring” is a general reference to the biological descendants of people or animals.
* In the Bible, disciples or followers are sometimes called “children.”
* Often the term “children” is used to refer to a person’s descendants.
* Often in the Bible, “offspring” has the same meaning as “children” or “descendants.”
* The term “seed” is sometimes used figuratively to refer to offspring.
* The phrase “children of” can refer to being characterized by something. Some examples of this would be:
* children of the light
* children of obedience
* children of the devil
* This term can also refer to the Church. For example, sometimes the New Testament refers to people who believe in Jesus as “children of God.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “children” could be translated as “descendants” when it is referring to a person’s great-grandchildren or great-great-grandchildren, etc.
* Depending on the context, “children of” could be translated as “people who have the characteristics of” or “people who behave like.”
* If possible, the phrase, “children of God” should be translated literally since an important biblical theme is that God is our heavenly Father. A possible translation alternate would be, “people who belong to God” or “God’s spiritual children.”
* When Jesus calls his disciples “children,” this could also be translated as “dear friends” or “my beloved disciples.”
* When Paul and John refer to believers in Jesus as “children,” this could also be translated as “dear fellow believers.”
* The phrase, “children of the promise” could be translated as “people who have received what God promised them.”
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [seed](../other/seed.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md), [son](../kt/son.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [beloved](../kt/beloved.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:28](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/28)
* [3 John 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/04)
* [Galatians 4:19](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/19)
* [Genesis 45:11](rc://en/tn/help/gen/45/11)
* [Joshua 8:34-35](rc://en/tn/help/jos/08/34)
* [Nehemiah 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/neh/05/05)
* [Acts 17:29](rc://en/tn/help/act/17/29)
* [Exodus 13:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/exo/13/11)
* [Genesis 24:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/24/07)
* [Isaiah 41:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/isa/41/08)
* [Job 5:25](rc://en/tn/help/job/05/25)
* [Luke 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/luk/03/7)
* [Matthew 12:34](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/34)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1069, H1121, H1123, H1129, H1323, H1397, H1580, H2029, H2030, H2056, H2138, H2145, H2233, H2945, H3173, H3205, H3206, H3208, H3211, H3243, H3490, H4392, H5209, H5271, H5288, H5290, H5759, H5764, H5768, H5953, H6185, H6363, H6529, H6631, H7908, H7909, H7921, G07300, G08150, G10250, G10640, G10810, G10850, G14710, G34390, G35150, G35160, G38080, G38120, G38130, G38160, G50400, G50410, G50420, G50430, G50440, G52060, G52070, G53880

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# command, commandment
## Definition:
The term “command” means to order someone to do something. The term “commandment” refers to the thing that a person is commanded to do.
* The term “commandment” sometimes refers to certain commands of God which are more formal and permanent, such as the “Ten Commandments.”
* A command can be positive (“Honor your parents”) or negative (“Do not steal”).
* To “take command” means to “take control” or “take charge” of something or someone.
## Translation Suggestions
* It is best to translate this term differently from the term, “law.” Also compare with the definitions of “decree” and “statute.”
* Some translators may prefer to translate “command” and “commandment” with the same word in their language.
* Others may prefer to use a special word for commandment that refers to lasting, formal commands that God has made.
(See [decree](../other/decree.md), [statute](../other/statute.md), [law](../other/law.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
## Bible References:
* [Luke 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/06)
* [Matthew 1:24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/24)
* [Matthew 22:38](rc://en/tn/help/mat/22/38)
* [Matthew 28:20](rc://en/tn/help/mat/28/20)
* [Numbers 1:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/num/01/17)
* [Romans 7:7-8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/07/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0559, H0560, H0565, H1296, H1696, H1697, H1881, H2706, H2708, H2710, H2941, H2942, H2951, H3027, H3982, H3983, H4406, H4662, H4687, H4929, H4931, H4941, H5057, H5713, H5749, H6213, H6310, H6346, H6490, H6673, H6680, H7101, H7218, H7227, H7262, H7761, H7970, H8269, G12630, G12910, G12960, G12970, G12990, G16900, G17780, G17810, G17850, G20030, G20040, G20080, G20360, G27530, G30560, G37260, G38520, G38530, G43670, G44830, G44870, G55060

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## Description:
The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is used to refer to a specific time(s) when God would punish people for their sin.
The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is used to refer to a future time when God will punish people for their sin.
* The Old Testament term “day of Yahweh” is an expression that many of the prophets use.
* The New Testament term “day of the Lord” usually refers to the day or time when the Lord Jesus will come back to judge people at the end of time.
* This final, future time of judgment and resurrection is also sometimes referred to as the “last day.” This time will begin when the Lord Jesus comes back to judge sinners and will permanently establish his rule.
* The word “day” in these phrases may sometimes refer to a literal day or it may refer to a “time” or “occasion” that is longer than a day.

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# discipline, self-discipline
## Definition:
The term “discipline” refers to training people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior.
* Parents discipline their children by providing moral guidance and direction for them and teaching them to obey.
* Similarly, God disciplines his children to help them produce healthy spiritual fruit in their lives, such as joy, love, and patience.
* Discipline involves instruction regarding how to live to please God, as well as punishment for behavior that is against God’s will.
* Self-discipline is the process of applying moral and spiritual principles to one’s own life.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “discipline” could be translated as “train and instruct” or “morally guide” or “punish for wrongdoing.”
* The noun “discipline” could be translated as “moral training” or “punishment” or “moral correction” or “moral guidance and instruction.”
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 6:4](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/4)
* [Hebrews 12:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/12/05)
* [Proverbs 19:18](rc://en/tn/help/pro/19/18)
* [Proverbs 23:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/pro/23/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4148, G14680

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## Definition:
The terms “fear” refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being. In the Bible, however, the term “fear” can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
The terms “fear” often refers to the unpleasant emotion a person feels when experiencing a potential threat to their safety or well-being. In the Bible, however, the term “fear” can also mean an attitude of worship, respect, awe, or obedience toward another person, usually someone powerful such as God or a king.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “fear” can be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “be afraid;” “deeply respect,” or “deep respect;” “revere,” or “reverence;” or perhaps “be in awe of.”
* The phrase “fear not” could also be translated as “do not be afraid” or “stop being afraid.”
* The sentence “The fear of God fell on all of them” might be translated in various ways. Some possibilities include: “Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God;” or “Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply;” or “Right then, they all felt very afraid of God (because of his great power).”
* The phrase “fear Yahweh” could be translated as “reverence Yahweh” or “deeply respect Yahweh.”
* The phrase “fear not” could also be translated as “do not be afraid” or “stop being afraid.”
(See also: [awe](../other/awe.md), [Yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md), [Lord](../kt/lord.md), [marvel](../other/amazed.md), [power](../kt/power.md))

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# filled with the Holy Spirit
## Definition:
The term “filled with the Holy Spirit” is a figurative expression that, when used to describe a person means the Holy Spirit is empowering that person to do God’s will.
* The expression “filled with” is an expression that often means “controlled by.”
* People are “filled with the Holy Spirit” when they follow the Holy Spirit’s leading and completely rely on him to help them do what God wants.
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term could be translated as “empowered by the Holy Spirit” or “controlled by the Holy Spirit.” But it should not sound as though the Holy Spirit is forcing the person to do something.
* A sentence such as “he was filled with the Holy Spirit” could be translated as “he was living fully by the Spirit’s power” or “he was completely guided by the Holy Spirit” or “the Holy Spirit was guiding him completely.”
* This term is similar in meaning to the expression “live by the Spirit,” but “filled with the Holy Spirit” emphasizes the completeness with which a person allows the Holy Spirit to have control or influence over his life. So these two expressions should be translated differently, if possible.
(See also: [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 4:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/31)
* [Acts 5:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/17)
* [Acts 6:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/act/06/08)
* [Luke 1:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/15)
* [Luke 1:39-41](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/39)
* [Luke 4:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G00400, G41300, G41370, G41510

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# flesh
## Definition:
In the Bible, the term “flesh” literally refers to the soft tissue of the physical body of a human being or animal.
* The Bible also uses the term “flesh” in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures.
* In the New Testament, the term “flesh” is used to refer to the sinful nature of human beings. This is often used in contrast to their spiritual nature.
* The expression “own flesh and blood” refers to someone who is biologically related to another person, such as a parent, sibling, child, or grandchild.
* The expression “flesh and blood” can also refer to a person’s ancestors or descendants.
* The expression “one flesh” refers to the physical uniting of a man and woman in marriage.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In the context of an animal’s body, “flesh” could be translated as “body” or “skin” or “meat.”
* When it is used to refer generally to all living creatures, this term could be translated as “living beings” or “everything that is alive.”
* When referring in general to all people, this term could be translated as “people” or “human beings” or “everyone who lives.”
* The expression “flesh and blood” could also be translated as “relatives” or “family” or “kinfolk” or “family clan.” There may be contexts where it could be translated as “ancestors” or “descendants.”
* Some languages may have an expression that is similar in meaning to “flesh and blood.”
* The expression “become one flesh” could be translated as “unite sexually” or “become as one body” or “become like one person in body and spirit.” The translation of this expression should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. (See: [euphemism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism)). It should also be understood that this is figurative, and does not mean that a man and a woman who “become one flesh” literally become one person.
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:16](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/16)
* [2 John 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/2jn/01/07)
* [Ephesians 6:12](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/12)
* [Galatians 1:16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/16)
* [Genesis 2:24](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/24)
* [John 1:14](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/14)
* [Matthew 16:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/17)
* [Romans 8:8](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/08)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0829, H1320, H1321, H2878, H3894, H4207, H7607, H7683, G29070, G45590, G45600, G45610

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# gift
## Definition:
The term “gift” refers to anything that is given or offered to someone. A gift is given without the expectation of getting anything in return
* Money, food, clothing, or other things given to poor people are called “gifts.”
* In the Bible, an offering or sacrifice given to God is also called a gift.
* The gift of salvation is something God gives us through faith in Jesus.
* In the New Testament, the term “gifts” is also used to refer to special spiritual abilities that God gives to all Christians for serving other people.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The general term for “gift” could be translated with a word or phrase that means “something that is given.”
* In the context of someone having a gift or special ability that comes from God, the term “gift from the Spirit” could be translated as “spiritual ability” or “special ability from the Holy Spirit” or “special spiritual skill that God gave.”
(See also: [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 12:1](rc://en/tn/help/1co/12/01)
* [2 Samuel 11:8](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/11/08)
* [Acts 8:20](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/20)
* [Acts 10:4](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/04)
* [Acts 11:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/11/17)
* [Acts 24:17](rc://en/tn/help/act/24/17)
* [James 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/17)
* [John 4:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/04/09)
* [Matthew 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/23)
* [Matthew 8:4](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/4)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0814, H4503, H4864, H4976, H4978, H4979, H4991, H5078, H5083, H5379, H7810, H8641, G03340, G13900, G13940, G14310, G14340, G14350, G33110, G54860

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# heart
## Definition:
The term “heart” refers to the internal bodily organ that pumps blood throughout the body in people and animals. However, in the Bible the term “heart” is often used figuratively to refer to a person’s thoughts, emotions, desires, or will.
* To have a “hard heart” is a common expression that means a person stubbornly refuses to obey God.
* The expressions “with all my heart” or “with my whole heart” mean to do something with complete sincerity, commitment, or willingness, holding nothing back.
* The expression “take it to heart” means to treat something seriously and apply it to one’s life.
* The term “brokenhearted” describes a person who is very sad. That person has been deeply hurt emotionally.
## Translation Suggestions
* Some languages use a different body part such as “stomach” or “liver” to refer to these ideas.
* Other languages may use one word to express some of these concepts and another word to express others.
* If “heart” or other body part does not have this meaning, some languages may need to express this literally with terms such as “thoughts” or “emotions” or “desires.”
* Depending on the context, “with all my heart” or “with my whole heart” could be translated as “with all my energy” or “with complete dedication” or “completely” or “with total commitment.”
* The expression “take it to heart” could be translated as “treat it seriously” or “carefully think about it.”
* The expression “hard-hearted” could also be translated as “stubbornly rebellious” or “refusing to obey” or “continually disobeying God.”
* Ways to translate “brokenhearted” could include “very sad” or “feeling deeply hurt.”
(See also: [hard](../other/hard.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/17)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:4](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/04)
* [2 Thessalonians 3:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/2th/03/13)
* [Acts 8:22](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/22)
* [Acts 15:9](rc://en/tn/help/act/15/09)
* [Luke 8:15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/08/15)
* [Mark 2:6](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/02/06)
* [Matthew 5:8](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/08)
* [Matthew 22:37](rc://en/tn/help/mat/22/37)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1079, H2436, H2504, H2910, H3519, H3629, H3820, H3821, H3823, H3824, H3825, H3826, H4578, H5315, H5640, H7130, H7307, H7356, H7907, G06740, G12820, G12710, G21330, G25880, G25890, G46410, G46980, G55900

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# house of God, Yahweh’s house
# house of God, your house, his house, Yahweh’s house, a house for my name, the house for my name, the house, a house, a house of Yahweh
## Definition:
In the Bible, the phrases “house of God” (God’s house) and “house of Yahweh (Yahweh’s house)” refer to a place where God is worshiped.
* This term is also used more specifically to refer to the tabernacle or the temple.
* Sometimes “God’s house” is used to refer to the people of God.
* The terms “house of God” and “house of Yahweh” refer to the tabernacle or temple. These expressions can also refer generally to a central place where Yahweh was worshipped.
* The Bible often uses the phrases “your house” and “his house” to refer to the temple of Yahweh.
* The phrases “the house for my name,” “a house for my name,” and “a house of Yahweh” all refer to the temple of Yahweh.
* In some contexts, such as in 1 Chronicles 17:25 and 29:16, the phrase “a house” refers to the temple of Yahweh.
* In some contexts, such as in 1 Kings 8:44 and 2 Chronicles 6:4, the phrase “the house” refers to the temple of Yahweh.
## Translation Suggestions:
* When referring to a place of worship, this term could be translated as “a house for worshiping God” or “a place for worshiping God.”
* If it is referring to the temple or tabernacle, this could be translated as “the temple (or tabernacle) where God is worshiped” (or “where God is present” or “where God meets with his people”).
* The word “house” may be important to use in the translation in order to communicate that God “dwells” there, that is, his spirit is in that place to meet with his people and to be worshiped by them.
* The phrase “house of Yahweh” could be translated as “Yahweh’s temple” or “place where Yahweh is worshiped” or “place where Yahweh meets with his people” or “where Yahweh dwells.” The phrase “house of God” could be translated in a similar way.
(See also: [people of God](../kt/peopleofgod.md), [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))

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## Definition:
The terms “jealous” and “jealousy” refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone.
The terms “jealous” and “jealousy” in this sense refer to a strong desire to protect the purity of a relationship. They can also refer to a strong desire to keep possession of something or someone (See Numbers 11:29).
* These terms are often used to describe the angry feeling that a person has toward a spouse who has been unfaithful in their marriage.
* The term “jealous” is used to describe the angry feeling that a person has toward their spouse when they suspect that their spouse has been unfaithful in their marriage (See Numbers 5:14).
* The terms “jealous” and “jealousy” are often used to describe God's strong desire that his covenant people love him, remain spiritually faithful to him, and keep him foremost in their affections.
* When used in the Bible, these terms often refer to God’s strong desire for his people to remain pure and unstained by sin.
* God is also “jealous” for his name, desiring that it be treated with honor and reverence.
* Another meaning of jealous involves being angry that someone else is successful or more popular. This is close in meaning to the word “envious.”
* God is “jealous” for his glory, desiring that he be treated with honor and reverence.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate “jealous” could include “strong protective desire” or “possessive desire.”
* The term “jealousy” could be translated as “strong protective feeling” or “possessive feeling.”
* When talking about God, make sure the translation of these terms does not give a negative meaning of being resentful of someone else.
* In the context of people’s wrong feelings of anger toward toward other people who are more successful, the terms “envious” and “envy” could be used. But these terms should not be used for God.
* When talking about God, make sure the translation of these terms does not give a negative meaning of being resentful or envious of someone else.
(See also: [envy](../other/envy.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 12:20](rc://en/tn/help/2co/12/20)
* [Deuteronomy 5:9](rc://en/tn/help/deu/05/09)
* [Exodus 20:5](rc://en/tn/help/exo/20/05)
* [Ezekiel 36:5](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/36/05)
* [Joshua 24:19](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/19)
* [Nahum 1:2-3](rc://en/tn/help/nam/01/02)
* [Romans 13:13](rc://en/tn/help/rom/13/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7065, H7067, H7068, H7072, G22050, G38630
* Strong’s:

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# judgment day
# day of judgment
## Definition:
The term “judgment day” refers to a future time when God will judge every person.
The term “day of judgment” refers to a future time when God will judge every person.
* God has made his Son, Jesus Christ, the judge of all people.
* On judgment day, Christ will judge people on the basis of his righteous character.
* On the day of judgment, Christ will judge people on the basis of his righteous character.
## Translation Suggestions:
@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ The term “judgment day” refers to a future time when God will judge every pe
* [Luke 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/luk/10/12)
* [Luke 11:31](rc://en/tn/help/luk/11/31)
* [Luke 11:32](rc://en/tn/help/luk/11/32)
* [Matthew 10:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/14)
* [Matthew 12:36-37](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/36)
* [Matthew 10:15](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/15)
* [Matthew 12:36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/36)
## Word Data:

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## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “kingdom of God” can be translated as “God’s rule (as king)” or “when God reigns as king” or “God’s rule over everything.”
* The term “kingdom of heaven” could also be translated as “God’s rule from heaven as king” or “God in heaven reigning” or “heaven’s reign” or “heaven ruling over everything.” If it is not possible to translate this simply and clearly, the phrase “kingdom of God” could be translated instead.
* Depending on the context, the term “kingdom of heaven” could also be translated as “God’s rule from heaven as king” or “God in heaven reigning” or “heaven’s reign” or “heaven ruling over everything.” If it is not possible to translate this simply and clearly, the phrase “kingdom of God” could be translated instead.
* Some translators may prefer to capitalize “Heaven” to show that it refers to God. Others may include a note in the text, such as “kingdom of heaven (that is, ‘kingdom of God’).”
* A footnote at the bottom of the page of a printed Bible may also be used to explain the meaning of “heaven” in this expression.

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# last day, latter days
# last day, last days, latter days
## Definition:
The term “last days” or “latter days” refers generally to the time period at the end of the current age.
The term “the last days” refers generally to the time which begins with the first coming of Jesus and ends with his second coming and the final day of judgement. The Bible also calls the final day of judgement “the last day.” The phrase “the latter days” is sometimes used in the Bible with the same meaning as the phrase “the last days” but other times it can refer only to a time that is after the time in which the speaker is speaking but before the first coming of Jesus.
The term “the last day” refers to the day of final judgement.
* This time period will have an unknown duration.
* The “last days” are a time of judgment upon those who have turned away from God.
* This time period of “the last days” will have an unknown duration.
* The “the last day” is a time of judgment upon those who have turned away from God.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “last days” can also be translated as “final days” or “end times.”
* The term “the last days” can also be translated as “the final days” or “the end times.”
* The term “the last day” can also be translated as “the final day.”
* In some contexts, this could be translated as “end of the world” or “when this world ends.”
(See also: [day of the Lord](../kt/dayofthelord.md), [judge](../kt/judge.md), [turn](../other/turn.md), [world](../kt/world.md))

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# life, live, living, alive
## Definition:
The term “life” refers to being physically alive as opposed to being physically dead.
### 1. Physical life
* A “life” can also refer to an individual person as in “a life was saved”.
* Sometimes the word “life” refers to the experience of living as in, “his life was enjoyable.”
* It can also refer to a person’s lifespan, as in the expression, “the end of his life.”
* The term “living” may refer to being physically alive, as in “my mother is still living.” It may also refer to dwelling somewhere as in, “they were living in the city.”
* In the Bible, the concept of “life” is often contrasted with the concept of “death.”
### 2. Eternal life
* A person has eternal life when he believes in Jesus. God gives that person a transformed life with the Holy Spirit living in him.
* The opposite of eternal life is eternal death, which means being separated from God and experiencing eternal punishment.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, “life” can be translated as “existence” or “person” or “soul” or “being” or “experience.”
* The term “live” could be translated by “dwell” or “reside” or “exist.”
* The expression “end of his life” could be translated as “when he stopped living.”
* The expression “spared their lives” could be translated as “allowed them to live” or “did not kill them.”
* The expression “they risked their lives” could be translated as “they put themselves in danger” or “they did something that could have killed them.”
* When the Bible text talks about eternal life, the term “life” could be translated in the following ways: “eternal life” or “God making us alive in our spirits” or “new life by God’s Spirit” or “being made alive in our inner self.”
* Depending on the context, the expression “give life” could also be translated as “cause to live” or “give eternal life” or “cause to live eternally.”
(See also: [death](../other/death.md), [everlasting](../kt/eternity.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Peter 1:3](rc://en/tn/help/2pe/01/03)
* [Acts 10:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/42)
* [Genesis 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/07)
* [Genesis 7:22](rc://en/tn/help/gen/07/22)
* [Hebrews 10:20](rc://en/tn/help/heb/10/20)
* [Jeremiah 44:2](rc://en/tn/help/jer/44/02)
* [John 1:4](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/04)
* [Judges 2:18](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/18)
* [Luke 12:23](rc://en/tn/help/luk/12/23)
* [Matthew 7:14](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/14)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/10)__ So God took some dirt, formed it into a man, and breathed __life__ into him.
* __[3:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/03/01)__ After a long time, many people were __living __ in the world.
* __[8:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/13)__ When Joseph’s brothers returned home and told their father, Jacob, that Joseph was still __alive__, he was very happy.
* __[17:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/17/09)__ However, toward the end of his [David’s] __life__ he sinned terribly before God.
* __[27:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/27/01)__ One day, an expert in the Jewish law came to Jesus to test him, saying, “Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal __life__?”
* __[35:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/05)__ Jesus replied, “I am the Resurrection and the __Life__.”
* __[44:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/05)__ “You are the ones who told the Roman governor to kill Jesus. You killed the author of __life__, but God raised him from the dead.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1934, H2416, H2417, H2421, H2425, H5315, G01980, G02220, G02270, G08060, G05900

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# name
## Definition:
The term “name” refers to the word by which a specific person or thing is called. In the Bible, however, the term “name” is used in several different ways to refer to several different concepts.
* In some contexts, “name” could refer to a person’s reputation, as in “let us make a name for ourselves.”
* The term “name” could also refer to the memory of something. For example, “cut off the names of the idols” means to destroy those idols so that they are no longer remembered or worshiped.
* Speaking “in the name of God” meant speaking with his power and authority, or as his representative.
* The “name” of someone could refer to the entire person, as in “there is no other name under heaven by which we must be saved.” (See: [metonymy](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy))
## Translation Suggestions:
* An expression like “his good name” could be translated as “his good reputation.”
* Doing something “in the name of” could be translated as “with the authority of” or “with the permission of” or “as the representative of” that person.
* The expression “make a name for ourselves” could be translated “cause many people to know about us” or “make people think we are very important.”
* The expression “call his name” could be translated as “name him” or “give him the name.”
* The expression “those who love your name” could be translated as “those who love you.”
* The expression “cut off the names of idols” could be translated as “get rid of pagan idols so that they are not even remembered” or “cause people to stop worshiping false gods” or “completely destroy all idols so that people no longer even think about them.”
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:12](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/12)
* [2 Timothy 2:19](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/02/19)
* [Acts 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/07)
* [Acts 4:12](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/12)
* [Acts 9:27](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/27)
* [Genesis 12:2](rc://en/tn/help/gen/12/02)
* [Genesis 35:10](rc://en/tn/help/gen/35/10)
* [Matthew 18:5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/18/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5344, H7121, H7761, H8034, H8036, G25640, G36860, G36870, G51220

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# pastor
## Definition:
The term “pastor” is literally the same word as “shepherd.” It is used as a title for someone who is the spiritual leader for a group of believers.
* In English Bible versions, “pastor” only occurs one time, in the book of Ephesians. It is the same word as is translated as “shepherd” elsewhere.
* In some languages, the word for “pastor” is the same as the word for “shepherd.”
* It is also the same word as is used to refer to Jesus as the “good Shepherd.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term with the word for “shepherd” in the project language.
* Other ways to translate this term could include “spiritual shepherd” or “shepherding Christian leader.”
(See also: [shepherd](../other/shepherd.md), [sheep](../other/sheep.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 4:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/eph/04/11)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H7462, G41660

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# power, powerful, powerfully
## Definition:
The term “power” refers to the ability to do things or make things happen, often using great strength. “Powers” refers to people or spirits who have great ability to cause things to happen.
* The “power of God” refers to God’s ability to do everything, especially things that are not possible for people to do.
* God has complete power over everything that he has created.
* God gives his people power to do what he wants, so that when they heal people or do other miracles, they do this by the power of God.
* Because Jesus and the Holy Spirit are also God, they have this same power.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “power” could also be translated as “ability” or “strength” or “energy” or “ability to do miracles” or “control.”
* Possible ways to translate the term “powers” could include “powerful beings” or “controlling spirits” or “those who control others.”
(See also: [strength](../other/strength.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [Jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [miracle](../kt/miracle.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Thessalonians 1:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/01/05)
* [Colossians 1:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/11)
* [Genesis 31:29](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/29)
* [Jeremiah 18:21](rc://en/tn/help/jer/18/21)
* [Jude 1:25](rc://en/tn/help/jud/01/25)
* [Judges 2:18](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/02/18)
* [Luke 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/17)
* [Luke 4:14](rc://en/tn/help/luk/04/14)
* [Matthew 26:64](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/64)
* [Philippians 3:21](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/21)
* [Psalm 80:2](rc://en/tn/help/psa/080/02)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[22:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/22/05)__ The angel explained, “The Holy Spirit will come to you, and the __power__ of God will overshadow you. So the baby will be holy, the Son of God.”
* __[26:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/01)__ After overcoming Satan’s temptations, Jesus returned in the __power__ of the Holy Spirit to the region of Galilee where he lived.
* __[32:15](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/15)__ Immediately Jesus realized that __power__ had gone out from him.
* __[42:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/42/11)__ Forty days after Jesus rose from the dead, he told his disciples, “Stay in Jerusalem until my Father gives you __power__ when the Holy Spirit comes on you.”
* __[43:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/06)__ “Men of Israel, Jesus was a man who did many mighty signs and wonders by the __power__ of God, as you have seen and already know.”
* __[44:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/08)__ Peter answered them, “This man stands before you healed by the __power__ of Jesus the Messiah.”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0410, H1369, H1370, H2220, H2393, H2428, H2429, H2632, H3027, H3028, H3581, H4475, H4910, H5794, H5797, H5808, H6184, H7786, H7980, H7981, H7983, H7989, H8280, H8592, H8633, G14110, G14150, G17540, G17560, G18490, G18500, G21590, G24780, G24790, G29040, G31680

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# reveal, revealed, revelation
## Definition:
The term “reveal” means to cause something to be known. A “revelation” is something that has been made known.
* God has revealed himself through everything he has created and through his communication with people by spoken and written messages.
* God also reveals himself through dreams or visions.
* When Paul said that he received the gospel by “revelation from Jesus Christ,” he means that Jesus himself explained the gospel to him.
* In the New Testament book “Revelation” is about God revealed events that will happen in the end times. He revealed them to the apostle John through visions.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “reveal” could include “make known” or “disclose” or “show clearly.”
* Depending on the context, possible ways to translate “revelation” could be “communication from God” or “things that God has revealed” or “teachings about God.” It is best to keep the meaning of “reveal” in the translation.
* The phrase “where there is no revelation” could be translated as “when God is not revealing himself to people” or “when God is not speaking to people” or “among people whom God has not communicating.”
(See also: [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [dream](../other/dream.md), [vision](../other/vision.md))
## Bible References:
* [Daniel 11:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/dan/11/01)
* [Ephesians 3:5](rc://en/tn/help/eph/03/05)
* [Galatians 1:12](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/12)
* [Lamentations 2:13-14](rc://en/tn/help/lam/02/13)
* [Matthew 10:26](rc://en/tn/help/mat/10/26)
* [Philippians 3:15](rc://en/tn/help/php/03/15)
* [Revelation 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0241, H1540, H1541, G06010, G06020, G55370

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# right hand
## Definition:
The term “right hand” refers to the hand on the right side of a person’s body. In the Bible, the term is often used figuratively to refer to other body parts on a person’s right side, to the direction of a person’s right, to the direction south, or to a place of honor or strength on the right side of a ruler or other important individual.
* The right hand can be used figuratively as a symbol of power, authority, or strength.
* The Bible describes Jesus as sitting “at the right hand of” God the Father as the head of the body of believers (the Church) and in control as ruler of all creation.
* A person’s right hand was used to show special honor when placed on the head of someone being given a blessing (as when the patriarch Jacob blessed Joseph’s son Ephraim).
* To “serve at the right hand” of someone means to be the one whose service is especially helpful and important to that person.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Sometimes the term “right hand” literally refers to a person’s right hand, as when Roman soldiers put a staff into Jesus’ right hand to mock him. This should be translated using the term that the language uses to refer to this hand.
* Regarding figurative uses, if an expression that includes the term “right hand” does not have the same meaning in the project language, then consider whether that language has a different expression with the same meaning.
* The expression “at the right hand of” could be translated as “on the right side of” or “in the place of honor beside” or “in the position of strength” or “ready to help.”
* Ways to translate “with his right hand” could include “with authority” or “using power” or “with his amazing strength.”
* The figurative expression “his right hand and his mighty arm” uses two ways of emphasizing God’s power and great strength. One way to translate this expression could be “his amazing strength and mighty power.” (See: [parallelism](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism))
* The expression “their right hand is falsehood” could be translated as “even the most honorable thing about them is corrupted by lies” or “their place of honor is corrupted by deception” or “they use lies to make themselves powerful.”
(See also: [accuse](../other/accuse.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [honor](../kt/honor.md), [mighty](../other/mighty.md), [punish](../other/punish.md), [rebel](../other/rebel.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 2:33](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/33)
* [Colossians 3:1](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/01)
* [Galatians 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/09)
* [Genesis 48:14](rc://en/tn/help/gen/48/14)
* [Hebrews 10:12](rc://en/tn/help/heb/10/12)
* [Lamentations 2:3](rc://en/tn/help/lam/02/03)
* [Matthew 25:33](rc://en/tn/help/mat/25/33)
* [Matthew 26:64](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/64)
* [Psalms 44:3](rc://en/tn/help/psa/044/03)
* [Revelation 2:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/rev/02/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3225, H3231, H3233, G11880

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# set apart
## Definition:
The term “set apart” means separated from something to fulfill a certain purpose. Also, to “set apart” some person or thing means to make it “set apart.”
* The Israelites were set apart for service to God.
* The Holy Spirit commanded the Christians at Antioch to set apart Paul and Barnabas for the work God wanted them to do.
* A believer who is “set apart” for service to God is “dedicated to” fulfilling God’s will.
* One meaning of the term “holy” is to be set apart as belonging to God and being separated from the sinful ways of the world.
* To “sanctify” someone means to set apart that person for God’s service.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Ways to translate to “set apart” could include to “specially select” or to “separate from among you” or to “take aside to do a special task.”
* To “be set apart” could be translated as “be separated (from)” or “be specially appointed (for).”
(See also: [holy](../kt/holy.md), [sanctify](../kt/sanctify.md), [appoint](../kt/appoint.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 3:17-19](rc://en/tn/help/eph/03/17)
* [Exodus 31:12-15](rc://en/tn/help/exo/31/12)
* [Judges 17:12](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/17/12)
* [Numbers 3:11-13](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/11)
* [Philippians 1:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/01)
* [Romans 1:1](rc://en/tn/help/rom/01/01)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2764, H4390, H5674, H6918, H6942, H6944, G00370, G00380, G00400, G08730

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# shaddai
## Facts:
The term “Shaddai” is a Hebrew word used for deity. It is used in the Old Testament as a personal name for God. The specific origin (and therefore meaning) of this term is not known. Scholars have proposed different possibilites for what it means and the most probable is that “shaddai” means “mountain” or “mountain range.”
* The Hebrew word “Shaddai” is often translated into English as “the Almighty.”
* The Hebrew phrase “El Shaddai” is often translated into English as “God Almighty.”
* If “Shaddai” means “mountain” or “mountain range” then the Hebrew phrase "El Shaddai" literally means “God, the one of the mountain.”
* The ULT and UST texts always translate this term as, “Shaddai,” in agreement with the Hebrew text of the Old Testament.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Even though the word Shaddai is a name for a God it is often translated as a title or description, “the Almighty,” rather than as a name. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to translate the word in the same way that it does. If a translation does not exist, you may wish to use the name Shaddai.
* If you choose to translate the term “Shaddai” as a name you could spell it the way it sounds in your language and you could also spell the phrase “El Shaddai” the way it sounds in your language.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [God](../kt/god.md))
## Bible References:
## Examples from the Bible stories:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# son
## Definition:
The male offspring of a man and a woman is called their “son” for his entire life. He is also called a son of that man and a son of that woman. An “adopted son” is a male who has been legally placed into the position of being a son.
* The phrase “son of” can be used to identify a person’s father, mother, or an ancestor from some previous generation. This phrase is used in genealogies and many other places.
* The “sons of Israel” are usually the Israelite nation (after Genesis).
* Using “son of” to give the name of the father frequently helps distinguish people who have the same name. For example, “Azariah son of Zadok” and “Azariah son of Nathan” in 1 Kings 4, and “Azariah son of Amaziah” in 2 Kings 15 are three different men.
* The phrase “son of” can be used to associate the person with whatever person or concept comes next. The meaning is then greatly determined by context. It can be positive (eg. 2 Kings 2:16: “sons of ability”), negative (eg. 2 Samuel 7:10: “sons of wickedness”), denote membership in a group, express contempt by not naming the person (eg. “you sons of Zeruiah”), etc.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In most occurrences of this term, it is best to translate “son” by the literal term in the language that is used to refer to a son.
* When translating the term “Son of God,” the project language’s common term for “son” should be used.
* Sometimes “sons” can be translated as “children,” when both males and females are being referred to. For example, “sons of God” could be translated as “children of God” since this expression also includes girls and women.
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [ancestor](../other/father.md), [Son of God](../kt/sonofgod.md), [sons of God](../kt/sonsofgod.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 18:15](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/18/15)
* [1 Kings 13:2](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/13/02)
* [1 Thessalonians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/05)
* [Galatians 4:7](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/07)
* [Hosea 11:1](rc://en/tn/help/hos/11/01)
* [Isaiah 9:6](rc://en/tn/help/isa/09/06)
* [Matthew 3:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/17)
* [Matthew 5:9](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/09)
* [Matthew 8:12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/12)
* [Nehemiah 10:28](rc://en/tn/help/neh/10/28)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[4:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/08)__ God spoke to Abram and promised again that he would have a __son__ and as many descendants as the stars in the sky.
* __[4:9](rc://en/tn/help/obs/04/09)__ God said, “I will give you a __son__ from your own body.”
* __[5:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/05)__ About a year later, when Abraham was 100 years old and Sarah was 90, Sarah gave birth to Abraham’s __son__.
* __[5:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/05/08)__ When they reached the place of sacrifice, Abraham tied up his __son__ Isaac and laid him on an altar. He was about to kill his __son__ when God said, “Stop! Do not hurt the boy! Now I know that you fear me because you did not keep your only __son__ from me.”
* __[9:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/09/07)__ When she saw the baby, she took him as her own __son__.
* __[11:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/11/06)__ God killed every one of the Egyptians’ firstborn __sons__.
* __[18:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/18/01)__ After many years, David died, and his __son__ Solomon began to rule.
* __[26:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/26/04)__ “Is this the __son__ of Joseph?” they said.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1060, H1121, H1123, H1248, H3173, H3206, H3211, H4497, H5209, H5220, G38160, G50430, G52070

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# true, truth
## Definition:
The term “truth” refers to facts, events, and statements that correspond with reality. True facts describe the universe as it really exists. True events are events that actually happened. True statements are statements that are not false according the real world.
* “True” things are real, genuine, actual, rightful, legitimate, and factual.
* “Truth” means understandings, beliefs, facts, or statements that are true.
* To say that a prophecy “came true” or “will come true” mean that it actually happened as predicted or that it will happen that way.
* In the Bible the concept of “truth” includes the concept of acting in a way that is reliable and faithful.
* Jesus revealed God’s truth in the words that he spoke.
* The Bible is truth. It teaches what is true about God and about everything he has made.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context and what is being described, the term “true” could also be translated by “real” or “factual” or “correct” or “right” or “certain” or “genuine.”
* Ways to translate the term “truth” could include “what is true” or “fact” or “certainty” or “principle.”
* The expression “come true” could also be translated as “actually happen” or “be fulfilled” or “happen as predicted.”
* The expression “tell the truth” or “speak the truth” could also be translated as “say what is true” or “tell what really happened” or “say things that are reliable.”
* To “accept the truth” could be translated as “believe what is true about God.”
* In an expression such as “worship God in spirit and in truth,” the expression “in truth” could also be translated by “faithfully obeying what God has taught us.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [fulfill](../kt/fulfill.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [understand](../other/understand.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 5:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/1co/05/06)
* [1 John 1:5-7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/05)
* [1 John 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/08)
* [3 John 1:8](rc://en/tn/help/3jn/01/08)
* [Acts 26:24-26](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/24)
* [Colossians 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/06)
* [Genesis 47:29-31](rc://en/tn/help/gen/47/29)
* [James 1:18](rc://en/tn/help/jas/01/18)
* [James 3:14](rc://en/tn/help/jas/03/14)
* [James 5:19](rc://en/tn/help/jas/05/19)
* [Jeremiah 4:2](rc://en/tn/help/jer/04/02)
* [John 1:9](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/9)
* [John 1:16-18](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/16)
* [John 1:51](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/01/51)
* [John 3:31-33](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/03/31)
* [Joshua 7:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/jos/07/19)
* [Lamentations 5:19-22](rc://en/tn/help/lam/05/19)
* [Matthew 8:10](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/10)
* [Matthew 12:17](rc://en/tn/help/mat/12/17)
* [Psalm 26:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/psa/026/001)
* [Revelation 1:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/rev/01/19)
* [Revelation 15:3-4](rc://en/tn/help/rev/15/03)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/04)__ The snake responded to the woman, “That is not __true__! You will not die.”
* __[14:6](rc://en/tn/help/obs/14/06)__ Immediately Caleb and Joshua, the other two spies, said, “It is __true __ that the people of Canaan are tall and strong, but we can certainly defeat them!”
* __[16:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/01)__ The Israelites began to worship the Canaanite gods instead of Yahweh, the __true __ God.
* __[31:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/31/08)__ They worshiped Jesus, saying to him, “__Truly__, you are the Son of God.”
* __[39:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/39/10)__ “I have come to earth to tell the __truth__ about God. Everyone who loves the __truth__ listens to me.” Pilate said, “What is __truth__?”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0199, H0389, H0403, H0529, H0530, H0543, H0544, H0551, H0571, H0935, H3321, H3330, H6237, H6656, H6965, H7187, H7189, G02250, G02260, G02270, G02280, G02300, G11030, G33030, G34830, G36890, G41030, G41370

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# vow
## Definition:
A “vow” is a solemn promise or oath that a person makes to God.
* If a person in ancient Israel made a vow to God, that person was obligated to fulfill the vow. The ancient Israelites believed that God might punish a person who did not fulfill a vow that he made.
* In ancient Israel, sometimes a person would ask God to protect him or provide for him in exchange for making the vow. However, the ancient Israelites did not believe that God was obligated to fulfill these requests.
* Depending on the context, the term “vow” can be translated as “solemn promise” or “solemn oath” or “promise made to God.”
(See also: [promise](../kt/promise.md), [oath](../other/oath.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 7:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/1co/07/27)
* [Acts 21:23](rc://en/tn/help/act/21/23)
* [Genesis 28:21](rc://en/tn/help/gen/28/21)
* [Genesis 31:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/31/12)
* [Jonah 1:14-16](rc://en/tn/help/jon/01/14)
* [Jonah 2:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/jon/02/09)
* [Proverbs 7:14](rc://en/tn/help/pro/07/14)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5087, H5088, G21710

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# work, works, deeds
## Definition:
The term “work” refers generally either to the action of expending effort in order to accomplish something, or to the result of that action. The term “works” refers generally to actions as a whole (that is, things that have been done or that need to be done).
* In the Bible, these terms are commonly used both in reference to God and humans.
* When used in reference to God, the term “work” in the Bible often refers to God’s action of creating the universe or saving his people (either from enemies, from sin, or both).
* God’s works refer to all the things he does or has done, including creating the world, saving sinners, providing for the needs of all creation and keeping the entire universe in place.
* The works or deeds that a person does can be either good or evil.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Other ways to translate “works” could be “deeds” or “actions” or “things that are done.”
* God’s “works” or “deeds” or the “work of his hands” could also be translated as “miracles” or “mighty acts” or “things that God does.”
* The expression “the work of God” could be translated as “the things that God is doing” or “the miracles God does” or “everything that God has accomplished.”
* The term “work” can just be the singular of “works” as in “every good work” or “every good deed.”
* When work is done for God or others, it can be translated as “service” or “ministry.”
(See also: [fruit](../other/fruit.md), [Holy Spirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [miracle](../kt/miracle.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:12](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/12)
* [Acts 2:8-11](rc://en/tn/help/act/02/08)
* [Daniel 4:37](rc://en/tn/help/dan/04/37)
* [Exodus 34:10-11](rc://en/tn/help/exo/34/10)
* [Galatians 2:15-16](rc://en/tn/help/gal/02/15)
* [James 2:17](rc://en/tn/help/jas/02/17)
* [Matthew 16:27-28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/27)
* [Micah 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/mic/02/07)
* [Romans 3:28](rc://en/tn/help/rom/03/28)
* [Titus 3:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/tit/03/04)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4399, H4566, H4567, H4611, H4659, H5949, G20410

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# worthy, worth, unworthy, worthless
## Definition:
The term “worthy” describes someone or something that deserves respect or honor. To “have worth” means to be valuable or important. The term “worthless” means to not have any value.
* Being worthy is related to being valuable or having importance
* To be “unworthy” means to not be deserving of any special notice.
* To not feel worthy means to feel less important than someone else or to not feel deserving of being treated with honor or kindness.
* The term “unworthy” and the term “worthless” have related, but different meanings. To be “unworthy” means to not be deserving of any honor or recognition. To be “worthless” means to not have any purpose or value.
## Translation Suggestions:
* “Worthy” could be translated as “deserving” or “important” or “valuable.”
* The word “worth” could be translated as “value” or “importance.”
* The phrase to “have worth” could also be translated as to “be valuable” or to “be important.”
* The phrase “is worth more than” could be translated as “is more valuable than.”
* Depending on the context, the term, “unworthy” could also be translated as “unimportant” or “dishonorable” or “undeserving.”
* The term “worthless” could be translated as “with no value” or “with no purpose” or “worth nothing.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Samuel 22:4](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/22/04)
* [2 Thessalonians 1:11-12](rc://en/tn/help/2th/01/11)
* [Acts 13:25](rc://en/tn/help/act/13/25)
* [Acts 25:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/act/25/25)
* [Acts 26:31](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/31)
* [Colossians 1:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/09)
* [Jeremiah 8:19](rc://en/tn/help/jer/08/19)
* [Mark 1:7](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/01/07)
* [Matthew 3:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/03/10)
* [Philippians 1:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/php/01/25)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0117, H0639, H1929, H3644, H4242, H4373, H4392, H4592, H4941, H6994, H7386, H7939, G00960, G05140, G05150, G05160, G24250, G26610, G27350

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* The ULT and UST texts always translate this term as, “Yahweh,” in agreement with the Hebrew text of the Old Testament.
* The term “Yahweh” never occurs in the original text of the New Testament; only the Greek term for “Lord” is used, even when quoting the Old Testament.
* In the Old Testament, when God spoke about himself, he would often use his name instead of a pronoun.
* “Yah” is a shortened form of the name Yahweh that occurs in poetry and praise (e.g. Hallelujah = "Praise Yah"), and in some Hebrew names (e.g. Zechariah = “Yah remembers”).
## Translation Suggestions:
* “Yahweh” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “I am” or “living one” or “the one who is” or “he who is alive.”
* “Yahweh” could be translated by a word or phrase that means “I am” or “existing one” or “the one who is” or “he who is present.”
* This term could also be written in a way that is similar to how “Yahweh” is spelled.
* Some church denominations prefer not to use the term “Yahweh” and instead use the traditional rendering, “LORD.” An important consideration is that this may be confusing when read aloud because it will sound the same as the title “Lord.” Some languages may have an affix or other grammatical marker that could be added to distinguish “LORD” as a name (Yahweh) from “Lord” as a title.
* It is best if possible to keep the name Yahweh where it literally occurs in the text, but some translations may decide to use only a pronoun in some places, to make the text more natural and clear.

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# Anak, Anakites
## Facts:
Anak is the name of a man whose father was Arba and whose descendents were called “Anakites” or “the Anakim” or “the Anak.”
* The Anakites were a very tall people.
* The Anakites are a people group who lived in the land that Yahweh promised to give to the Israelites. The Israelites eventually conquered and dispossessed them.
* Anak had three sons or descendants who were named Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai.
* The name “Anak” is an English transliteration of the Hebrew word for Anak.
(See also: [Hebron](../names/hebron.md))
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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En Gedi was the name of a city in the wilderness of Judah southeast of Jerusalem.
* En Gedi was located on the western bank of the Salt Sea.
* Part of its name means “fountain,” referring to a spring of water that flows down from the city into the sea.
* En Gedi was known for having beautiful vineyards and other fertile land, probably due to the continual watering by the fountain of water.
* Part of its name means “fountain,” referring to a spring which watered the city.
* En Gedi was known for having beautiful vineyards and other fertile land, probably due to the continual watering by the spring of water.
* There were strongholds in En Gedi which David fled to when he was being chased by King Saul.
(See also: [David](../names/david.md), [desert](../other/desert.md), [fountain](../other/fountain.md), [Judah](../names/judah.md), [rest](../other/rest.md), [Salt Sea](../names/saltsea.md), [Saul (OT)](../names/saul.md), [stronghold](../other/stronghold.md), [vineyard](../other/vineyard.md))

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## Facts:
The terms “Ephrath” and “Ephrathah” are probably derived from the name “Ephraim,” who was one of the sons of Joseph and became the patriarch of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. Different
The name “Ephrathah” refers to a clan of Judah as well as to the territory that they occupied, which was centered around the town of Bethlehem. Sometimes the name is shortened to “Ephrath.”
* The clan of Ephrathah was probably named after a woman named “Ephrathah,” who was a wife of Caleb and the grandmother of the founders of the towns of Kiriath-Jearim, Bethlehem, and Beth-Gader (1 Chron 2:50-51).
* The towns of Bethlehem (Gen 35:19;48:7) and Kirjath-Jearim (Psalm 132:6) are both sometimes referred to as “Ephrathah.”
* Rachel died on the way to a town called “Ephrathah.”
* It is possible that there was a different town called “Ephrathah” further north near Ramah, and that Rachel was buried near there (1 Sam 10:2; Jer 31:15).
* “Ephrathah” is the name of the region where Rachel died, near the city of Bethel.
* There is a woman named “Ephrath” in the OT, who was the wife of Caleb.
* Both cities of Bethlehem and Kirjath-Jearim are also called “Ephrathah,” even though both cities are in a different region than described above (near Bethel).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))

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# Hebron
# Hebron, Kiriath Arba
## Facts:
@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ Hebron was a city located in the high, rocky hills about 20 miles south of Jerus
* The city was built around 2000 BC during the time of Abram. It was mentioned many times in the historical accounts given in the Old Testament.
* Hebron had a very important role in King David’s life. Several of his sons, including Absalom, were born there.
* The city was destroyed around AD 70 by the Romans.
* The city of Hebron was formerly called Kiriath Arba (see Joshua 14:15 and Joshua 15:54).
* The city of Hebron, formerly called Kiriath Arba, was probably founded by Arba, the father of Anak and may have been originally named Kiriath Arba to honor Arba because Joshua 14:15 records that Arba “was a great man among the Anakites.”
* The name “Hebron” is an English transliteration of the Hebrew word for Hebron.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Absalom](../names/absalom.md))
(See also: [Anak](../names/anak.md), [Absalom](../names/absalom.md))
## Bible References:

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# Heshbon
## Facts:
In Bible times, Heshbon was a major city of Moab. It was the capital city of king Sihon before the Israelites conquered it and began living in it.
(Translation suggestions: [Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Moab](../names/moab.md), [Sihon](../names/sihon.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# Horeb
## Definition:
Mount Horeb is another name for Mount Sinai, where God gave Moses the stone tablets with the ten commandments.
* Mount Horeb is called the “mountain of God.”
* Horeb was the place where Moses saw the burning bush when he was tending sheep.
* Mount Horeb was the place where God revealed his covenant to the Israelites by giving them the stone tablets with his commandments written on them.
* It was also the place where God later told Moses to strike a rock to provide water for the Israelites as they were wandering in the desert.
* The exact location of this mountain is not known, but it may have been in the southern part of what is now the Sinai Peninsula.
* It is possible that “Horeb” was the actual name of the mountain and that “Mount Sinai” simply means “mountain of Sinai,” referring to the fact that Mount Horeb was located in the desert of Sinai.
(See also: [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [Moses](../names/moses.md), [Sinai](../names/sinai.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 8:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/08/09)
* [2 Chronicles 5:9-10](rc://en/tn/help/2ch/05/09)
* [Deuteronomy 1:2](rc://en/tn/help/deu/01/02)
* [Exodus 3:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01)
* [Psalms 106:19](rc://en/tn/help/psa/106/19)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2722

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# Rapha, Rephaites, Rephaim,
## Facts:
The term “Rapha” is the name for a group of inhabitants who lived in a location on the Eastern side of the Jordan river. The “Rapha” are called “Rephaites” or “Rephaim”
* There was a valley named after this people group, “the valley of the Rephaites,” which is mentioned six times in the Old Testament.
* “Rapha” is an English transliteration of a Hebrew word. It is difficult to determine with certainty what the word “Rapha” means and consequently what type of beings the word “Rapha” refers to. The term “Rapha” could refer to a group of living people, spirits, or quasi-divine beings. For this reason many English translations have chosen to transliterate the original language (Hebrew) word as “Rephaites” or “Rephaim.” You may desire to do the same thing in your translation.
* The people group the Ammonites called the Rephaites by the name “Zamzummites” (See Deuteronomy 2:20).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names), [Copy or Borrow Words](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# Og
## Facts:
Og is the name of a man who was an Amorite king who ruled over the land of Bashan.
* The Israelites conquered Og and his people and land.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Amorite](../names/amorite.md), [Bashan](../names/bashan.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

22
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# Rapha, Raphaites, the Valley of the Raphaites
## Facts:
The term “Rapha” is the name for a group of inhabitants who lived in a location on the eastern side of the Jordan river. It is also used to refer to dead people or their spirits. The “Rapha” are called “Raphaites” or “Rephaim.”
* There was a valley named after this people group, “the valley of the Raphaites,” which is mentioned six times in the Old Testament.
* “Rapha” is an English transliteration of a Hebrew word. It is difficult to determine with certainty what the word “Rapha” means and consequently what type of beings the word “Rapha” refers to, whether a group of living people, spirits, or quasi-divine beings. For this reason many English translations have chosen to transliterate the original language (Hebrew) word as “Rephaites” or “Rephaim.” You may desire to do the same thing in your translation.
* In Job 26:5, Psalm 88:10, Proverbs 2:18, Proverbs 9:18, Proverbs 21:16, Isaiah 14:9, Isaiah 26:14, and Isaiah 26:19 the term “Raphaites” refers to people who are dead or to their “spirits.”
* In all other occurrences in the Old Testament the term “Raphaites” refers to the people group who were human beings who were alive and made up a specific people group.
* The people group the Ammonites called the Raphaites by the name “Zamzummites” (See Deuteronomy 2:20).
* The term “Rapha” refers to the living people group in every occurrence in the Old Testament except in 1 Chronicles 8:2 and 8:37. In each of these two verses it refers to the name of a man (a different man in each verse).
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names), [Copy or Borrow Words](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# Seir, sons of Seir, Mount Seir, mountains of Seir, land of Seir
## Facts:
Seir is the name of a man who was a descendant of Esau. The Bible calls Seir's descendants “the sons of Seir.”
* In the Bible region where the descendants of Seir lived is sometimes called “the land of Seir” and sometimes called “Seir.”
* The Bible calls a mountain range in Edom “the mountains of Seir.”
* The Bible calls a mountain in the land of Judah “Mount Seir.”
* The context and/or the modifying word or words will indicate whether “Seir” refers to the person, his descendants, the land of Seir, the mountain Seir, or the mountain range by that name.
* The phrase “the sons of Seir” in 2 Chronicles 25:11,14, refers to the Edomites and the word “Seir” in Ezekiel 25:8 also refers to the Edomites.
* In the Bible the term “Seir” is sometimes used with the same meaning as “Edom.”
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Edom](../names/edom.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# Sihon
Sihon is the name of a man who was an Amorite king who ruled over the land of Heshbon.
* The Israelites conquered Sihon and his people and land.
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [Amorite](../names/amorite.md), [Heshbon](../names/Heshbon.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

11
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## Facts:
Mount Sinai or Mount Horeb is a mountain that was probably located in the southern part of what is now called the Sinai Peninsula, but the exact location of this mountain is not known.
Mount Sinai, also called Mount Horeb, is a mountain that was probably located in the southern part of what is now called the Sinai Peninsula, but the exact location of this mountain is not known.
* It is possible that “Horeb” was the actual name of the mountain and that “Mount Sinai” simply means “mountain of Sinai,” referring to the fact that Mount Horeb was located in the desert of Sinai.
* It is the place where God revealed his covenant to the Israelites and gave Moses the stone tablets on which he had written the ten commandments.
* It is also called the “mountain of God.”
* It was the place where Moses saw the burning bush when he was tending sheep.
* It was the place where God revealed his covenant to the Israelites by giving them the stone tablets with his commandments written on them.
* It was also the place where God later told Moses to strike a rock to provide water for the Israelites as they were wandering in the desert.
* It was the place where Moses saw the burning bush when he was tending sheep.
* It is possible that “Horeb” was the actual name of the mountain and that “Mount Sinai” simply means “mountain of Sinai,” referring to the fact that Mount Horeb was located in the desert of Sinai.
(See also: [desert](../other/desert.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md))
(See also: [desert](../other/desert.md), [Ten Commandments](../other/tencommandments.md) [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [Israel](../kt/israel.md), [Moses](../names/moses.md), [Sinai](../names/sinai.md))
## Bible References:

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## Facts:
Tamar is the name of several different women in the Old Testament. There are several cities or other places that are named Tamar in the Old Testament.
Tamar is the name of several different women in the Old Testament. There are also several cities or other places that are named Tamar in the Old Testament.
* Tamar was the daughter-in-law of Judah. She gave birth to Perez who was an ancestor of Jesus Christ.
* Tamar was the daughter-in-law of Judah. After Tamar became a widow, Judah fathered a son with Tamar, who continued the family name of her dead husband. The son's name was Perez, who became an ancestor of King David and of Jesus Christ.
* One of King David’s daughters was named Tamar; she was the sister of Absalom. Her half-brother Amnon raped her and left her desolate.
* Absalom also had a daughter named Tamar.
* A city called “Hazezon Tamar” was the same as the city of Engedi on the western shore of the Salt Sea. There is also a “Baal Tamar,” and general references to a place called “Tamar” which may have been different from the cities.
@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Tamar is the name of several different women in the Old Testament. There are sev
* [2 Samuel 14:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/14/25)
* [Genesis 38:6-7](rc://en/tn/help/gen/38/06)
* [Genesis 38:24](rc://en/tn/help/gen/38/24)
* [Ruth 4:12](rc://en/tn/help/rut/04/12)
* [Matthew 1:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/01/01)
## Word Data:

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# accuse, accused, accuser, accusation
## Definition:
The terms “accuse” and “accusation” refer to blaming someone for doing something wrong. A person who accuses others is an “accuser.”
* A false accusation is when a charge against someone is not true, as when Jesus was falsely accused of wrongdoing by the leaders of the Jews.
* In the New Testament book of Revelation, Satan is called “the accuser.”
## Bible References:
* [Acts 19:40](rc://en/tn/help/act/19/40)
* [Hosea 4:4](rc://en/tn/help/hos/04/04)
* [Jeremiah 2:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/jer/02/09)
* [Luke 6:6-8](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/06)
* [Romans 8:33](rc://en/tn/help/rom/08/33)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3198, H6818, G14580, G21470, G25960, G27240

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# acquit, acquitted
## Definition:
The term “acquit” means to formally declare someone to be not guilty of an unlawful or immoral behavior he was accused of.
* This term is sometimes used in the Bible to talk about forgiving sinners.
* Often the context is about wrongly acquitting people who are wicked and rebel against God.
* This could be translated as “declare innocent” or “judge to be not guilty.”
(See also: [forgive](../kt/forgive.md), [guilt](../kt/guilt.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 25:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/deu/25/01)
* [Exodus 21:28](rc://en/tn/help/exo/21/28)
* [Exodus 23:7](rc://en/tn/help/exo/23/07)
* [Isaiah 5:23](rc://en/tn/help/isa/05/23)
* [Job 10:12-14](rc://en/tn/help/job/10/12)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3444, H5352, H5355, H6403, H6663

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# administration, administrator, administering, officer, official, leader
## Facts:
The terms “administration” and “administrator” refer to managing or governing of people of a country to help it function in an orderly way.
* Daniel and three other Jewish young men were appointed to be administrators, or government officials, over certain parts of Babylon.
* In the New Testament, administration is one of the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
* A person who has the spiritual gift of administration is able to lead and govern people as well as supervise the maintenance of buildings and other property.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, some ways to translate “administrator” could include “governor” or “organizer” or “manager” or “ruler” or “government official.”
* The term “administration” could be translated as “governing” or “management” or “leadership.” or “organization.”
* Expressions such as “in charge of” or “taking care of” or “keeping order” could possibly be part of the translation of these terms.
(See also: [Babylon](../names/babylon.md), [Daniel](../names/daniel.md), [gift](../kt/gift.md), [governor](../other/governor.md), [Hananiah](../names/hananiah.md), [Mishael](../names/mishael.md), [Azariah](../names/azariah.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 18:14](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/18/14)
* [Daniel 6:1-3](rc://en/tn/help/dan/06/01)
* [Esther 9:3-5](rc://en/tn/help/est/09/03)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5532, H5608, H5632, H6213, H7860, G29410

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# age, era, time
## Definition:
Used in this sense the term “age” refers to a time period.
* Other words used to express an extended period of time include “era” and “season.”
* Jesus refers to “this age” as the present time when evil, sin, and disobedience toward God fill the earth.
* There will be a future age when righteousness will reign in a new heaven and a new earth.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “age” could be translated as “era” or “time period” or “time.”
* The phrase “this present evil age” means “during this time right now when people are very evil.”
* The phrase “end of the age” (used in Jesus' words in Matthew 28:20) means “end of this period of history” or “end of this present age” and refers to the end of this present age at Jesus' second coming.
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# age, aged
# age, aged, old, old age, years old,
## Definition:
The term “age” refers to the number of years a person has lived. It also used to refer generally to a time period.
* Other words used to express an extended period of time include “era” and “season.”
* Jesus refers to “this age” as the present time when evil, sin, and disobedience fill the earth.
* There will be a future age when righteousness will reign over a new heaven and a new earth.
In this sense, the term “age” refers to the number of years a person has lived. In the Bible the terms “aged” and “old” are both used to describe someone who has lived a for many years.
## Translation Suggestions:
* Depending on the context, the term “age” could also be translated as “era” or “number of years old” or “time period” or “time.”
* The phrase “at a very old age” could be translated as “at many years old” or “when he was very old” or “when he had lived a very long time.”
* The phrase “this present evil age” means “during this time right now when people are very evil.”
* The term “aged” could also be translated as “old” or “very old” depending on context.
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 29:28](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/29/28)
* [1 Corinthians 2:7](rc://en/tn/help/1co/02/07)
* [Hebrews 6:5](rc://en/tn/help/heb/06/05)
* [Job 5:26](rc://en/tn/help/job/05/26)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: G01650, G10740
* Strong’s:

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# amazed, amazement, astonished, marvel, marveled, marvelous, wonder, dumbfounded
## Definition:
All these terms refer to being very surprised because of something extraordinary that happened.
* Some of these words are translations of Greek expressions that mean “struck with amazement” or “standing outside of (oneself).” These expressions show how very surprised or shocked the person was feeling. Other languages might also have ways to express this.
* Usually the event that caused the wonder and amazement was a miracle, something only God could do.
* The meaning of these terms can also include feelings of confusion because what happened was totally unexpected.
* Other ways to translate these words could be “extremely surprised” or “very shocked.”
* Related words include “marvelous” (amazing, wonderful), “amazement,” and “astonishment.”
* In general, these terms are positive and express that the people were happy about what had happened.
(See also: [miracle](../kt/miracle.md), [sign](../kt/sign.md))
## Bible References:
* [Acts 8:9-11](rc://en/tn/help/act/08/09)
* [Acts 9:20-22](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/20)
* [Galatians 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/gal/01/06)
* [Mark 2:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/02/10)
* [Matthew 7:28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/28)
* [Matthew 15:29-31](rc://en/tn/help/mat/15/29)
* [Matthew 19:25](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/25)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0926, H2865, H3820, H4159, H6313, H6381, H6382, H6383, H6395, H8074, H8429, H8539, H8540, H8541, G06390, G15680, G15690, G16050, G16110, G18390, G22840, G22850, G22960, G22970, G22980, G40230, G45920, G50590

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# ambassador, representative
## Definition:
An ambassador is a person who is chosen to officially represent his country in relating to foreign nations. The word is also used in a figurative sense and is sometimes translated more generally as “representative.”
* An ambassador or representative gives people messages from the person or government that sent him.
* The more general term “representative” refers to someone who has been given the authority to act and speak on behalf of the person he is representing.
* The apostle Paul taught that Christians are Christ’s “ambassadors” or “representatives” since they represent Christ in this world and teach others his message.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “official representative” or “appointed messenger” or “chosen representative” or “God’s appointed representative.”
* A “delegation of ambassadors” could be translated as “some official messengers” or “group of appointed representatives” or “official party of people to speak for all people.”
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))
(See also: [messenger](../other/messenger.md))
## Bible References:
* [Ephesians 6:20](rc://en/tn/help/eph/06/20)
* [Luke 14:31-33](rc://en/tn/help/luk/14/31)
* [Luke 19:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/luk/19/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3887, H4135, H4136, H4397, H6735, H6737, G42430

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# ash, ashes
## Facts:
The term “ash” (or “ashes”) refers to the grey powdery substance that is left behind after wood is burned.
* In ancient times, sitting in ashes was a sign of mourning or grieving. When grieving, it was the custom to wear rough, scratchy sackcloth and sit in ashes or put ashes on the head.
* Putting ashes on the head was also a sign of humiliation or embarrassment.
* An “ash heap” is a pile of ashes.
* Sometimes the word “dust” is used with the term “ashes” in the phrase, “dust and ashes.” This phrase can be translated as “dust and ashes” or simply as “ashes.”
* When translating “ashes,” use the word in the target language that refers to the burned-up remains after wood has burned.
(See also: [fire](../other/fire.md), [sackcloth](../other/sackcloth.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 20:10](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/20/10)
* [Jeremiah 6:26](rc://en/tn/help/jer/06/26)
* [Psalms 102:9](rc://en/tn/help/psa/102/09)
* [Psalms 113:7](rc://en/tn/help/psa/113/07)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0080, H0665, H1854, H6083, H6368, H7834, G28680, G47000, G50770, G55220

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# astray, go astray, went astray, lead astray, stray
## Definition:
The terms “stray” and “go astray” mean to disobey God’s will. People who are “led astray” have allowed other people or circumstances to influence them to disobey God.
* The word “astray” gives a picture of leaving a clear path or a place of safety to go down a wrong and dangerous path.
* Sheep who leave the pasture of their shepherd have “strayed.” God compares sinful people to sheep who have left him and “gone astray.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The phrase “go astray” could be translated as “go away from God” or “take a wrong path away from God’s will” or “stop obeying God” or “live in a way that goes away from God.”
* To “lead someone astray” could be translated as “cause someone to disobey God” or “influence someone to stop obeying God” or “cause someone to follow you down a wrong path.”
(See also: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [shepherd](../other/shepherd.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/03/07)
* [2 Timothy 3:13](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/03/13)
* [Exodus 23:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/exo/23/04)
* [Ezekiel 48:10-12](rc://en/tn/help/ezk/48/10)
* [Matthew 18:13](rc://en/tn/help/mat/18/13)
* [Matthew 24:5](rc://en/tn/help/mat/24/05)
* [Psalms 58:3](rc://en/tn/help/psa/058/03)
* [Psalms 119:110](rc://en/tn/help/psa/119/110)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H5080, H7683, H7686, H8582, G41050, G53510

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# basket, basketfuls
## Definition:
The term “basket” refers to a container made of woven material.
* In biblical times, baskets were probably woven with strong plant materials, such as wood from peeled tree branches or twigs.
* A basket could be coated with a waterproof substance so that it could float.
* When Moses was a baby, his mother made a waterproof basket to put him in and floated it among the reeds of the Nile River.
* The word translated as “basket” in that story is the same word that is translated as “ark” referring to the boat that Noah built. The common meaning of its use in these two contexts may be “floating container.”
(See also: [ark](../kt/ark.md), [Moses](../names/moses.md), [Nile River](../names/nileriver.md), [Noah](../names/noah.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Corinthians 11:33](rc://en/tn/help/2co/11/33)
* [Acts 9:25](rc://en/tn/help/act/09/25)
* [Amos 8:1](rc://en/tn/help/amo/08/01)
* [John 6:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/jhn/06/13)
* [Judges 6:19-20](rc://en/tn/help/jdg/06/19)
* [Matthew 14:20](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/20)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0374, H1731, H1736, H2935, H3619, H5536, H7991, G28940, G34260, G45530, G47110

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# bear, bears, bore, borne, bearers, bearer, bearing, carry
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the term “bear” literally means to “carry” something.
* To “bear a burden” means to “carry something difficult” or to “experience difficult things.” These difficult things could include physical or emotional suffering.
* The term “burden bearers” refers to men who carry heavy things and could be translated as “burden carriers” or “carriers.”
* The term “armor bearer” could be translated as “armor carrier.”
* The phrase “bearer of news” could be translated as “carrier of news.”
* Depending on context, this term could be translated as “carry” or “endure.”
(See also: [burden](../other/burden.md), [endure](../other/endure.md), [strength](../other/strength.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# bear, bore, borne
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the term “bear” means to “be responsible for” something or to “be held responsible for” something.
* The statement that “a son will not bear the iniquity of his father” means that he “will not be held responsible for” or “will not be punished for” his father’s sins.
* Depending on context, this term could be translated as “be responsible for” or “be held responsible for.”
(See also: [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# bear, bear witness, bear false witness, bore witness, borne witness
## Facts:
Used in this sense, the phrase “bear witness” means to testify about something or give a report about something.
* The expression “bear witness” means “testify” or “report what one has seen or experienced.”
* The expression “bear false witness” means “testify falsely” or “report falsely what one has seen or experienced.”
* Depending on context, the phrase “bear witness” could be translated as “testify” or “report.”
(See also: [report](../other/report.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# bear, bearer, carry
# bear, bearer, bore, borne, produce, produced
## Facts:
The term “bear” literally means “carry” something. There are also many figurative uses of this term.
Used in this sense, the term “bear” means to “produce” or “give birth to.”
* When speaking of a woman who will bear a child, this means “give birth to” a child.
* To “bear a burden” means to “experience difficult things.” These difficult things could include physical or emotional suffering.
* A common expression in the Bible is “bear fruit,” which means “produce fruit” or “have fruit.”
* The expression “bear witness” means “testify” or “report what one has seen or experienced.”
* The statement that “a son will not bear the iniquity of his father” means that he “will not be held responsible for” or “will not be punished for” his father’s sins.
* In general, this term could be translated as “carry” or “be responsible for” or “produce” or “have” or “endure,” depending on the context.
* A common expression in the Bible is “bear fruit,” which means “produce fruit”
* When speaking of a woman who will bear a child, this means “give birth to” a child
* Depending on context, this term could be translated as “produce” or “give birth to.”
(Translation suggestions: [Translate Names](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names))
(See also: [burden](../other/burden.md), [Elisha](../names/elisha.md), [endure](../other/endure.md), [fruit](../other/fruit.md), [iniquity](../kt/iniquity.md), [report](../other/report.md), [sheep](../other/sheep.md), [strength](../other/strength.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
(Translation suggestions: [fruit](../other/fruit.md))
## Bible References:
* [Lamentations 3:27](rc://en/tn/help/lam/03/27)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2232, H3201, H3205, H5375, H5445, H5449, H6030, H6509, H6779, G01420, G04300, G09410, G10800, G16270, G25920, G31400, G41600, G47220, G48280, G50410, G50880, G53420, G54090, G55760
* Strong’s:

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# beg, beggar, begging
## Definition:
Used in this sense, the term “beg” means to ask someone for money or for some material necessity such as food.
* A “beggar” is someone who regularly sits or stands in a public place to ask people for money.
* Beggars ask for money or food to be given them freely as a gift and do not offer to do work or some other service in exchange for the money or food. Your language may have a word for such a person or activity.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “publicly ask for money” or “regularly ask for money.”
(See also: [plead](../other/plead.md), [alms](../other/alms.md))
## Bible References:
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[44:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/01)__ One day, Peter and John were going to the Temple. As they approached the Temple gate, they saw a crippled man who was __begging__ for money.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# beg, beggar, needy
# beg, begging, begged
## Definition:
The term “beg” means to urgently ask someone for something. It often refers to asking for money, but it is also commonly used to refer to pleading for something.
The term “beg” means to urgently ask someone for something.
* Often people beg or plead when they strongly need something, but don’t know if the other person will give them what they ask for.
* A “beggar” is someone who regularly sits or stands in a public place to ask people for money.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “plead” or “urgently ask” or “demand money” or “regularly ask for money.”
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “plead” or “urgently ask.”
(See also: [plead](../other/plead.md))
## Bible References:
* [Luke 16:20](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/20)
* [Mark 6:56](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/06/56)
* [Matthew 14:36](rc://en/tn/help/mat/14/36)
* [Psalm 45:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/psa/045/012)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
@ -24,8 +20,8 @@ The term “beg” means to urgently ask someone for something. It often refers
* __[32:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/07)__ The demons __begged__ Jesus, “Please do not send us out of this region!” There was a herd of pigs feeding on a nearby hill. So, the demons __begged__ Jesus, “Please send us into the pigs instead!”
* __[32:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/32/10)__ The man who used to have the demons __begged__ to go along with Jesus.
* __[35:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/11)__ His father came out and __begged__ him to come and celebrate with them, but he refused.
* __[44:1](rc://en/tn/help/obs/44/01)__ One day, Peter and John were going to the Temple. As they approached the Temple gate, they saw a crippled man who was __begging__ for money.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0034, H7592, G01540, G18710, G43190, G44340
* Strong’s:

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# bold, boldness, emboldened
## Definition:
These terms all refer to having courage and confidence to speak the truth and do the right thing even when it is difficult or dangerous.
* A “bold” person is not afraid to say and do what is good and right, including defending people who are being mistreated. This could be translated as “courageous” or “fearless.”
* In the New Testament, the disciples continued to “boldly” preach about Christ in public places, in spite of the danger of being put in jail or killed. This could be translated as “confidently” or “with strong courage” or “courageously.”
* The “boldness” of these early disciples in speaking the good news of Christ’s redeeming death on the cross resulted in the gospel being spread throughout Israel and nearby countries and finally, to the rest of the world. “Boldness” could also be translated as “confident courage.”
(See also: [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [good news](../kt/goodnews.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 2:28](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/28)
* [1 Thessalonians 2:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/1th/02/01)
* [2 Corinthians 3:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/2co/03/12)
* [Acts 4:13](rc://en/tn/help/act/04/13)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0982, H5797, G06620, G22920, G36180, G39540, G39550, G51110, G51120

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This is a type of weapon that consists of shooting arrows from a stringed bow. In Bible times it was used for fighting against enemies and for killing animals for food.
* The bow is made out of wood, bone, metal, or other hard material, such as a deer’s antler. It has a curved shape and is strung tightly with a string, cord, or vine.
* The bow is made out of wood, bone, metal, or other hard material, such as a deer’s antler. It has a curved shape and is strung tightly with a string, cord, or vine. When not in use the bow string would not be attached to both ends of the bow so that the bow was not under the pressure of being bent all the time. When preparing to fight a warrior would bend the bow and attach the string to both ends.
* An arrow is a thin shaft with a sharp, pointed head on one end. In ancient times, the arrows could be made of a variety of materials such as wood, bone, stone, or metal.
* Bows and arrows are commonly used by hunters and warriors.
* The term “arrow” is also sometimes used figuratively in the Bible to refer to enemy attacks or divine judgment.

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# breath, breathe
## Definition:
In the Bible, the terms “breathe” and “breath” are often used figuratively to refer to giving life or having life.
* The Bible teaches that God “breathed into” Adam the breath of life. It was at that point that Adam became a living soul.
* When Jesus breathed on the disciples and told them to “receive the Spirit,” he was probably literally breathing out air onto them to symbolize the Holy Spirit coming to them.
* Sometimes the terms “breathing” and “breathing out” are used to refer to speaking.
* The figurative expression “breath of God” or “breath of Yahweh” often refers to God’s wrath being poured out on rebellious or godless nations. It communicates his power.
## Translation Suggestions
* The expression “breathed his last” is a figurative way of saying “he died.” It could also be translated as “he took his last breath” or “he stopped breathing and died” or “he breathed in air one last time.”
* Describing the Scriptures as “God-breathed” means that God spoke or inspired the words of the Scriptures which human authors then wrote down. It is probably best, if possible, to translate “God-breathed” somewhat literally since it is difficult to communicate the exact meaning of this.
* If a literal translation of “God-breathed” is not acceptable, other ways to translate this could include “inspired by God” or “authored by God” or “spoken by God.” It could also be said that “God breathed out the words of Scripture.”
* The expressions “put breath in” or “breathe life into” or “gives breath to” could be translated as “cause to breathe” or “make alive again” or “enable them to live and breathe” or “give life to.”
* If possible, it is best to translate “breath of God” with the literal word that is used for “breath” in the language. If God cannot be said to have “breath,” this could be translated as “God’s power” or “God’s speech.”
* The expression “catch my breath” or “get my breath” could be translated as “relax in order to breathe more slowly” or “stop running in order to breathe normally.”
* The expression “is only a breath” means “lasts a very short time.”
* Similarly the expression “man is a single breath” means “people live a very short time” or “the lives of human beings are very short, like a single breath” or “compared to God, the life of a person seems as short as the time it takes to breathe in one breath of air.”
(See also: [Adam](../names/adam.md), [Paul](../names/paul.md), [word of God](../kt/wordofgod.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 17:17](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/17/17)
* [Ecclesiastes 8:8](rc://en/tn/help/ecc/08/08)
* [Job 4:9](rc://en/tn/help/job/04/09)
* [Revelation 11:11](rc://en/tn/help/rev/11/11)
* [Revelation 13:15](rc://en/tn/help/rev/13/15)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H3307, H5301, H5396, H5397, H7307, G17200, G41570

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## Definition:
A bride is the woman in a wedding ceremony who is getting married to her husband, the bridegroom.
A bride is the woman in a marriage ceremony who will marry the bridegroom (the **man**).
* The term “bride” is used as a metaphor for believers in Jesus, the Church.
* Jesus is metaphorically called the “bridegroom” for the Church. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
## Translation Suggestions:
(See also: [bridegroom](../other/bridegroom.md), [church](../kt/church.md))
You could use the term that your language uses to refer to the woman who is getting married in a marriage ceremony or if you do not have a term for this in your language you could use a descriptive phrase to describe what a bride is. Depending on the context you could translate the term “bride” with descriptive phrases such as “a woman getting married” or “a woman who is being married” or “the woman getting married.”
(See also: [bridegroom](../other/bridegroom.md), [marriage](../other/marriage.md))
## Bible References:

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# bridegroom
# bridegroom, groom
## Definition:
In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom is the **man** who will marry the bride (the **woman**).
In a marriage ceremony, the bridegroom, also called the groom, is the **man** who will marry the bride (the **woman**).
* In the Jewish culture during Bible times, the ceremony was centered around the bridegroom coming to get his bride.
* In the Bible, Jesus is figuratively called the “Bridegroom” who will someday come for his “Bride,” the Church.
* Jesus compared his disciples to the friends of the bridegroom who celebrate while the bridegroom is with them, but who will be sad when he is gone.
(See also: [bride](../other/bride.md))
## Translation Suggestions:
You could use the term that your language uses to refer to the man who is getting married in a marriage ceremony or if you do not have a term for this in your language you could use a descriptive phrase to describe what a bridegroom is. Depending on the context you could translate the terms “bridegroom” and “groom” with descriptive phrases such as “a man getting married” or “a man who is being married” or “the man getting married.”
(See also: [bride](../other/bride.md), [marriage](../other/marriage.md))
## Bible References:

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# burden, load, heavy, hard work, hard labor, utterances
## Definition:
A burden is a heavy load. It literally refers to a physical load such as a work animal would carry. The term “burden” also has several figurative meanings:
* A burden can refer to a difficult duty or important responsibility that a person has to do. He is said to be “bearing” or “carrying” a “heavy burden.”
* A cruel leader may put difficult burdens on the people he is ruling, for example by forcing them to pay large amounts of taxes.
* A person who does not want to be a burden to someone does not want to cause that other person any trouble.
* The guilt of a person’s sin is a burden to him.
* The “burden of the Lord” is a figurative way of referring to a “message from God” that a prophet must deliver to God’s people.
* The term “burden” can be translated by “responsibility” or “duty” or “heavy load” or “message,” depending on the context.
## Bible References:
* [2 Thessalonians 3:6-9](rc://en/tn/help/2th/03/06)
* [Galatians 6:1-2](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/01)
* [Galatians 6:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/06/03)
* [Genesis 49:15](rc://en/tn/help/gen/49/15)
* [Matthew 11:30](rc://en/tn/help/mat/11/30)
* [Matthew 23:4](rc://en/tn/help/mat/23/04)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2960, H3053, H4614, H4853, H4864, H5445, H5447, H5448, H5449, H5450, H6006, G00040, G09160, G09220, G23470, G25990, G26550, G54130

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# clothe, clothed, clothes, clothing, unclothed, garments
## Definition:
When used figuratively in the Bible, “clothed with” means to be endowed or equipped with something. To “clothe” oneself with something means to seek to have a certain character quality.
* In the same way that clothing is external to your body and is visible to all, when you are “clothed” with a certain character quality, others can readily see it. To “clothe yourself with kindness” means to let your actions be so characterized by kindness that it is easily seen by everyone.
* To be “clothed with power from on high” means to have power given to you.
* This term is also used to express negative experiences, such as “clothed with shame” or “clothed with terror.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* If possible, it is best to keep the literal figure of speech, “clothe yourselves with.” Another way to translate this could be “put on” if this refers to putting on clothes.
* If that does not give the correct meaning, other ways to translate “clothed with” could be “showing” or “manifesting” or “filled with” or “having the quality of.”
* The term “clothe yourself with” could also be translated as “cover yourself with” or “behave in a way that shows.”
## Bible References:
* [Luke 24:49](rc://en/tn/help/luk/24/49)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0899, H3680, H3736, H3830, H3847, H3848, H4055, H4374, H5497, H8008, H8071, H8516, G02940, G14630, G15620, G17370, G17420, G17460, G19020, G20660, G22240, G24390, G24400, G40160, G47490, G55090

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# commit, committed, commitment
# commit, committed
## Definition:
The terms “commit” and “commitment” refers to making a decision or promising to do something.
In the Bible the terms “commit” and “committed” most often refer to doing a certain wrong action such as “commit a sin” or “commit adultery” or “commit murder.”
* A person who promises to do something is also described as being “committed” to doing it.
* To “commit” to someone a certain task means to assign that task to that person. For example, in 2 Corinthians Paul says that God has “committed” (or “given”) to us the ministry of helping people be reconciled to God.
* The terms “commit” and “committed” also often refer to doing a certain wrong action such as “commit a sin” or “commit adultery” or “commit murder.”
* The expression “committed to him the task” could also be translated as “gave him the task” or “entrusted to him the task” or “assigned the task to him.”
* The term “commitment” could be translated by, “task that was given” or “promise that was made.”
(See also: [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
(See also: [adultery](../kt/adultery.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md))
## Bible References:

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# conceive, conception
# conceive, conceived, conception
## Definition:
The terms “conceive” and “conception” usually refer to becoming pregnant with a child. It can also be used for animals that become pregnant.
Used in this sense, the terms “conceive” and “conception” usually refer to a woman becoming pregnant with a child. It can also be used for animals that become pregnant.
* The phrase “conceive a child” could be translated as “become pregnant” or some other term that is an acceptable way of referring to this.
* The related term “conception” could be translated as “beginning of a pregnancy” or “moment of becoming pregnant.”
* These terms can also refer to creating something or thinking of something, such as an idea, a plan, or a task. Ways to translate this could include, “think of” or “plan” or “create,” depending on the context.
* Sometimes this term can be used figuratively as in, “when sin is conceived” which means “when sin is first thought of” or “at the very start of a sin” or “when a sin first begins.”
* Depending on context, the term “conceived” could be translated as “became pregnant” or “became pregnant with.”
(See also: [create](../other/creation.md), [womb](../other/womb.md))

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# confidence, confident
## Definition:
The term “confidence” refers to being sure that something is true or certain to happen.
* In the Bible, the term “hope” often means to wait expectantly for something that is sure to happen. The ULT often translates this as “confidence” or “confidence for the future” or “future confidence” especially when it means to be assured of receiving what God has promised to believers in Jesus.
* Often the term “confidence” refers especially to the certainty that believers in Jesus have that they will someday be with God forever in heaven.
* The phrase, “have confidence in God” means to fully expect to receive and experience what God has promised.
* Being “confident” means believing in God’s promises and acting with the assurance that God will do what he has said. This term can also have the meaning of acting boldly and courageously.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “confident” could be translated as “assured” or “very sure.”
* The phrase “be confident” could also be translated as “trust completely” or “be completely sure about” or “know for certain.”
* The term “confidently” could also be translated as “boldly” or “with certainty.”
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “confidence” could include, “complete assurance” or “sure expectation” or “certainty.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [believe](../kt/believe.md), [bold](../other/bold.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [hope](../kt/hope.md), [trust](../kt/trust.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0982, H0983, H0986, H3689, H3690, H4009, G22920, G39540, G39820, G40060, G52870

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# courage, courageous, encourage, encouragement, discourage, discouragement
# courage, courageous
## Facts:
The term “courage” refers to boldly facing or doing something that is difficult, frightening, or dangerous.
* The term, “courageous” describes someone who shows courage, who does the right thing even when feeling afraid or pressured to give up.
* A person shows courage when he faces emotional or physical pain with strength and perseverance.
* A person shows courage when he faces emotional or physical pain with strength and perseverance or when he faces the threat of emotional or physical pain with emotional strength.
* The expression “take courage” means “don’t be afraid” or “be assured that things will turn out well.”
* When Joshua was preparing to go into the dangerous land of Canaan, Moses exhorted him to be “strong and courageous.”
* The term “courageous” could also be translated as “brave” or “unafraid” or “bold.”
* Depending on the context, to “have courage” could also be translated as “be emotionally strong” or “be confident” or “stand firm.”
* To “speak with courage” could be translated as “speak boldly” or “speak without being afraid” or “speak confidently.”
The terms “encourage” and “encouragement” refer to saying and doing things to cause someone to have comfort, hope, confidence, and courage.
* A similar term is “exhort,” which means to urge someone to reject an activity that is wrong and to instead do things that are good and right.
* The apostle Paul and other New Testament writers taught Christians to encourage one another to love and serve others.
The term “discourage” refers to saying and doing things that cause people to lose hope, confidence, and courage and so to have less desire to keep working hard to do what they know they should do.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “encourage” could include “urge” or “comfort” or “say kind things” or “help and support.”
* The phrase “give words of encouragement” means “say things that cause other people to feel loved, accepted, and empowered.”
(See also: [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [exhort](../kt/exhort.md), [fear](../kt/fear.md), [strength](../other/strength.md))
(See also: [encourage](../other/encourage.md), [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [fear](../kt/fear.md), [strength](../other/strength.md))
## Bible References:
* [Deuteronomy 1:37-38](rc://en/tn/help/deu/01/37)
* [2 Kings 18:19-21](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/18/19)
* [1 Chronicles 17:25](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/17/25)
* [Matthew 9:20-22](rc://en/tn/help/mat/09/20)
* [1 Corinthians 14:1-4](rc://en/tn/help/1co/14/01)
* [2 Corinthians 7:13](rc://en/tn/help/2co/07/13)
* [Acts 5:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/act/05/12)
* [Acts 16:40](rc://en/tn/help/act/16/40)
* [Hebrews 3:12-13](rc://en/tn/help/heb/03/12)
* [Hebrews 13:5-6](rc://en/tn/help/heb/13/05)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0533, H0553, H1368, H2388, H2388, H2428, H3820, H3824, H7307, G21140, G21150, G21740, G22920, G22930, G22940, G38700, G38740, G39540, G43890, G48370, G51110
* Strong’s:

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# court
## Definition:
The term “court” refers to a place where judges decide legal and criminal matters.
* Often, when the Bible uses the term "court" (in this legal sense), it refers to human courts but it can also be used to refer to a heavenly court such as in Daniel 7:10 and Daniel 7:26.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “court” could be translated as “tribunal” or when referring to a human court it could be translated as “legal court.”
(See also: [judge](../other/judgeposition.md)
## Bible References:
## Word Data:

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# court, courtyard
## Definition:
The terms “court” and “courtyard” refer to an enclosed area that is open to the sky and surrounded by walls.
* The tabernacle was surrounded by one courtyard which was enclosed by walls made of thick, cloth curtains.
* The temple complex had three inner courtyards: one for the priests, one for Jewish men, and one for Jewish women.
* These inner courtyards were surrounded by a low stone wall that separated them from an outer courtyard where Gentiles were permitted to worship.
* The courtyard of a house was an open area in the middle of the house.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The terms "court" and “courtyard” could be translated as “enclosed space” or “walled-in land” or "walled-in space" or "tabernacle grounds" or “temple grounds” or “temple enclosure” depending on the context.
* If it would be natural in your language the term used for a king’s court could also be used to refer to Yahweh’s court.
(See also: [Gentile](../kt/gentile.md),[tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 20:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/20/04)
* [Exodus 27:9](rc://en/tn/help/exo/27/09)
* [Jeremiah 19:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/jer/19/14)
* [Luke 22:55](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/55)
* [Matthew 26:69-70](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/69)
* [Numbers 3:26](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/26)
* [Psalms 65:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/065/4)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1004, H1508, H2691, H5835, H7339, H8651, G08330, G42590

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# court, courtyard
## Definition:
The terms “courtyard” and “court” refer to an enclosed area that is open to the sky and surrounded by walls. The term “court” also refers to a place where judges decide legal and criminal matters.
* The tabernacle was surrounded by one courtyard which was enclosed by walls made of thick, cloth curtains.
* The temple complex had three inner courtyards: one for the priests, one for Jewish men, and one for Jewish women.
* These inner courtyards were surrounded by a low stone wall that separated them from an outer courtyard where Gentiles were permitted to worship.
* The courtyard of a house was an open area in the middle of the house.
* The phrase “king’s court” can refer to his palace or to a place in his palace where he makes judgments.
* The expression, “courts of Yahweh” is a figurative way of referring to Yahweh’s dwelling place or to the place where people go to worship Yahweh.
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “courtyard” could be translated as “enclosed space” or “walled-in land” or “temple grounds” or “temple enclosure.”
* Sometimes the term “temple” may need to be translated as “temple courtyards” or “temple complex” so that it is clear that the courtyards are being referred to, not the temple building.
* The expression, “courts of Yahweh” could be translated as “place where Yahweh lives” or “place where Yahweh is worshiped.”
* The term used for a king’s court could also be used to refer to Yahweh’s court.
(See also: [Gentile](../kt/gentile.md), [judge](../other/judgeposition.md), [king](../other/king.md), [tabernacle](../kt/tabernacle.md), [temple](../kt/temple.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Kings 20:4-5](rc://en/tn/help/2ki/20/04)
* [Exodus 27:9](rc://en/tn/help/exo/27/09)
* [Jeremiah 19:14-15](rc://en/tn/help/jer/19/14)
* [Luke 22:55](rc://en/tn/help/luk/22/55)
* [Matthew 26:69-70](rc://en/tn/help/mat/26/69)
* [Numbers 3:26](rc://en/tn/help/num/03/26)
* [Psalms 65:4](rc://en/tn/help/psa/065/4)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1004, H1508, H2691, H5835, H7339, H8651, G08330, G42590

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# crime, criminal
## Definition:
The term “crime” usually refers to a sin that involves breaking the law of a country or state. The term “criminal” refers to someone who has committed a crime.
* Types of crimes include such things as killing a person or stealing someone’s property.
* A criminal is usually captured and kept in some form of captivity such as a prison.
* In Bible times, some criminals became fugitives, wandering from place to place to escape people who wanted to harm them out of revenge for their crime.
(See also: [thief](../other/thief.md))
## Bible References:
* [2 Timothy 2:9](rc://en/tn/help/2ti/02/09)
* [Hosea 6:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/hos/06/08)
* [Job 31:26-28](rc://en/tn/help/job/31/26)
* [Luke 23:32](rc://en/tn/help/luk/23/32)
* [Matthew 27:23-24](rc://en/tn/help/mat/27/23)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H2154, H2400, H4639, H5771, H7563, H7564, G25560, G25570, G44670

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# cry, cry out, outcry
# cry, cry out, call out, outcry
## Definition:
The terms “cry” or “cry out” usually mean to say something loudly or urgently. Someone can “cry out” in pain, distress, anger, or fear, often with the intent of asking for help.
* The phrase “cry out” can also mean to shout or to call out with the intent of asking for help.
* It can also mean to pray.
* The phrase “cry out” can mean to shout or to call out with the intent of asking for help.
* The terms “cry” or “cry out” can also mean to pray.
* This term could also be translated as “exclaim loudly” or “urgently ask for help,” depending on the context.
* An expression such as, “I cry out to you” could be translated as “I call to you for help” or “I urgently ask you for help.”
(See also: [call](../kt/call.md), [plead](../other/plead.md), [pray](../kt/pray.md))
(See also: [call speak loudly](../kt/call-speakloudly.md), [plead](../other/plead.md), [pray](../kt/pray.md))
## Bible References:

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# darkness
## Definition:
The term “darkness” literally means an absence of light. There are also several figurative meanings of this term:
* As a metaphor, “darkness” means “impurity” or “evil” or “spiritual blindness.”
* It also refers to anything related to sin and moral corruption.
* The expression “dominion of darkness” refers to all that is evil and ruled by Satan.
* The term “darkness” can also be used as a metaphor for death. (See: [Metaphor](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor))
* People who do not know God are said to be “living in darkness,” which means they do not understand or practice righteousness.
* God is light (righteousness) and the darkness (evil) cannot overcome that light.
* The place of punishment for those who reject God is sometimes referred to as “outer darkness.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* It is best to translate this term literally, with a word in the project language that refers to the absence of light. This could also be a term that refers to the darkness of a room with no light or to the time of day when there is no light.
* For the figurative uses, it is also important to keep the image of darkness in contrast to light, as a way to describe evil and deception in contrast to goodness and truth.
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this could be, “darkness of night” (as opposed to “light of day”) or “not seeing anything, like at night” or “evil, like a dark place”.
(See also: [corrupt](../other/corrupt.md), [dominion](../kt/dominion.md), [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [light](../other/light.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 John 1:6](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/01/06)
* [1 John 2:8](rc://en/tn/help/1jn/02/08)
* [1 Thessalonians 5:5](rc://en/tn/help/1th/05/05)
* [2 Samuel 22:12](rc://en/tn/help/2sa/22/12)
* [Colossians 1:13](rc://en/tn/help/col/01/13)
* [Isaiah 5:30](rc://en/tn/help/isa/05/30)
* [Jeremiah 13:16](rc://en/tn/help/jer/13/16)
* [Joshua 24:7](rc://en/tn/help/jos/24/07)
* [Matthew 8:12](rc://en/tn/help/mat/08/12)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0652, H0653, H2816, H2821, H2822, H2825, H3990, H3991, H4285, H5890, H6205, G22170, G46520, G46530, G46550, G46560

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# die, dead, deadly, death
## Definition:
The term “death” refers to being physically dead instead of alive.
### 1. Physical death
* To “die” means to stop living. Death is the end of physical life.
* The expression “put to death” refers to killing or murdering someone, especially when a king or other ruler gives an order for someone to be killed.
### 2. Eternal death
* Eternal death is the separation of a person from God.
* This is the kind of death that happened to Adam when he sinned and disobeyed God. His relationship with God was broken. He became ashamed and tried to hide from God.
* This same kind of death happens to every person, because we sin. But God gives us eternal life when we have faith in Jesus Christ.
## Translation Suggestions:
* To translate this term, it is best to use the everyday, natural word or expression in the target language that refers to death.
* In some languages, to “die” may be expressed as to “not live.” The term “dead” may be translated as “not alive” or “not having any life” or “not living.”
* Many languages use figurative expressions to describe death, such as to “pass away” in English. However, in the Bible it is best to use the most direct term for death that is used in everyday language.
* In the Bible, eternal life and eternal death are often compared to physical life and physical death. It is important in a translation to use the same word or phrase for both physical death and eternal death.
* In some languages it may be more clear to say “eternal death” when the context requires that meaning. Some translators may also feel it is best to say “physical death” in contexts where it is being contrasted to spiritual death.
* The expression “the dead” is a nominal adjective that refers to people who have died. Some languages will translate this as “dead people” or “people who have died.” (See: [nominal adjective](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj))
* The expression “put to death” could also be translated as “kill” or “murder” or “execute.”
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faith](../kt/faith.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Corinthians 15:21](rc://en/tn/help/1co/15/21)
* [1 Thessalonians 4:17](rc://en/tn/help/1th/04/17)
* [Acts 10:42](rc://en/tn/help/act/10/42)
* [Acts 14:19](rc://en/tn/help/act/14/19)
* [Colossians 2:15](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/15)
* [Colossians 2:20](rc://en/tn/help/col/02/20)
* [Genesis 2:15-17](rc://en/tn/help/gen/02/15)
* [Genesis 34:27](rc://en/tn/help/gen/34/27)
* [Matthew 16:28](rc://en/tn/help/mat/16/28)
* [Romans 5:10](rc://en/tn/help/rom/05/10)
* [Romans 5:12](rc://en/tn/help/rom/05/12)
* [Romans 6:10](rc://en/tn/help/rom/06/10)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[1:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/01/11)__ God told Adam that he could eat from any tree in the garden except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. If he ate from this tree, he would __die__.
* __[2:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/11)__ “Then you will __die__, and your body will return to dirt.”
* __[7:10](rc://en/tn/help/obs/07/10)__ Then Isaac __died__, and Jacob and Esau buried him.
* __[37:5](rc://en/tn/help/obs/37/05)__ Jesus replied, “I am the Resurrection and the Life. Whoever believes in me will live, even though he __dies__. Everyone who believes in me will never __die__.”
* __[40:8](rc://en/tn/help/obs/40/08)__ Through his __death__, Jesus opened a way for people to come to God.
* __[43:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/43/07)__ “Although Jesus __died__, God raised him from the dead.”
* __[48:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/48/02)__ Because they sinned, everyone on earth gets sick and everyone __dies__.
* __[50:17](rc://en/tn/help/obs/50/17)__ He (Jesus) will wipe away every tear and there will be no more suffering, sadness, crying, evil, pain, or __death__.
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0006, H1478, H1826, H1934, H2491, H4191, H4192, H4193, H4194, H4463, H5038, H5315, H6297, H6757, H7496, H7523, H8045, H8546, H8552, G03360, G03370, G05200, G05990, G06150, G06220, G16340, G19350, G20790, G22530, G22860, G22870, G22880, G22890, G23480, G28370, G29660, G34980, G34990, G35000, G44300, G48800, G48810, G50530, G50540

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# deer, doe, fawns, roebuck
# deer, doe, does, fawns, roebuck
## Definition:

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# deliver, hand over, turn over, release
## Definition:
* The term "deliver" or “deliver over to” or “deliver up to” can mean to turn someone over to an enemy or adversary, such as when Judas delivered Jesus over to the Jewish leaders or when God delivered Israel over to their enemies because of their repeated sin.
## Translation Suggestions:
* When "deliver" means for a person or person to deliver someone over to an enemy it can be translated as “betray” or “hand over” or “give over.” When "deliver" refers to God giving people over to an adversary it can be translated as "hand over" or "give over."
## Bible References:
## Examples from Bible stories:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1350, H2020, H2502, H3205, H3444, H3467, H4042, H4422, H4672, H5337, H5414, H5462, H6299, H6403, H6413, H6475, H6561, H7725, H7804, H8199, G03250, G05250, G06290, G10800, G13250, G15600, G16590, G18070, G19290, G26730, G30860, G38600, G45060, G49910, G50880, G54830

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# deliver, hand over, turn over, release, rescue
# deliver, deliverer, deliverance, delivered
## Definition:
@ -7,14 +7,11 @@ To “deliver” someone means to rescue that person. The term “deliverer” r
* In the Old Testament, God appointed deliverers to protect the Israelites by leading them in battle against other people groups who came to attack them.
* These deliverers were also called “judges” and the Old Testament book of Judges records the time in history when these judges were governing Israel.
* God is also called a “deliverer.” Throughout the history of Israel, he delivered or rescued his people from their enemies.
* The term “deliver over to” or “deliver up to” has a very different meaning of handing or turning someone over to an enemy, such as when Judas delivered Jesus over to the Jewish leaders.
## Translation Suggestions:
* In the context of helping people escape from their enemies, the term “deliver” can be translated as “rescue” or “liberate” or “save.”
* When it means to deliver someone over to the enemy, “deliver over” can be translated as “betray to” or “hand over” or “give over.”
* The word “deliverer” can also be translated as “rescuer” or “liberator.”
* When the term “deliverer” refers to the judges who led Israel, it could also be translated as “governor” or “judge” or “leader.”
* When the term “deliverer” refers to the judges who led Israel, it could also be translated as “judge” or “leader.”
(See also: [judge](../kt/judge.md), [save](../kt/save.md))

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# desolate, desolation, alone, deserted
# desolate, desolated, desolation, desolations, deserted, desolator
## Definition:
The terms “desolate” and “desolation” refer to destroying an inhabited region so that it becomes uninhabited.
The terms “desolate” and “desolation,” when used to refer to a place or location, refer to the state or condition of being ruined and left fully or partially uninhabited. The term “desolate,” when referring to a person or group of people, describes a state or condition of ruin, loneliness, and grief.
* When referring to a person, the term “desolate” describes a condition of ruin, loneliness, and grief.
* The term “desolation” is the state or condition of being desolated.
* If a field where crops are growing is made desolate, it means that something has destroyed the crops, such as insects or an invading army.
* A “desolate region” refers to an area of land where few people live because few crops or other vegetation grow there.
* A “desolate land” or “wilderness” was often where outcasts (such as lepers) and dangerous animals lived.
* A “desolate region” refers to an area of land that is partially deserted or abandoned and therefore has few people living there.
* If a city is “made desolate” it means that its buildings and goods have been destroyed or stolen, and its people have been killed or captured. The city becomes “empty” and “ruined.” This is similar to the meaning of “devastate” or “devastated,” but with more emphasis on the emptiness.
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as “ruined” or “destroyed” or “laid waste” or “lonely and outcast” or “deserted.”
* A “desolate land” or “wilderness” was often where outcasts (such as lepers) and dangerous animals lived.
* Depending on the context, this term, when referring to a city or region, could be translated as “ruined” or “destroyed” or “laid waste” or “abandoned” or “deserted.”
* Depending on the context, this term, when referring to a person or people group, could be translated as “lonely and outcast” or “deserted.”
* A “desolator” is one who causes desolation.
(See also: [desert](../other/desert.md), [devastate](../other/devastated.md), [ruin](../other/ruin.md), [waste](../other/waste.md))

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* This term is often used in the Old Testament as a general reference to anyone who destroys other people, such as an invading army.
* When God sent the angel to kill all the firstborn males in Egypt, that angel was referred to as “the destroyer of the firstborn.” This could be translated as “the one (or angel) who killed the firstborn males.”
* In the book of Revelation about the end times, Satan or some other evil spirit is called “the Destroyer.” He is the “one who destroys” because his purpose is to destroy and ruin everything God created.
* Depending on context the word “destroy” can be translated as “”
(See also: [angel](../kt/angel.md), [Egypt](../names/egypt.md), [firstborn](../other/firstborn.md), [Passover](../kt/passover.md))

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## Translation Suggestions
* The term “devastate” could be translated as “completely destroy” or “completely ruin.”
* Depending on the context, “devastation” could be translated as “complete destruction” or “total ruin” or “overwhelming grief” or “disaster.”
* Depending on the context, “devastation” could be translated as “complete destruction” or “total ruin” or “disaster.”
(See also: [ruin](../other/ruin.md))

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# discourage, discouraged, discouragement
## Facts:
The term “discourage” refers to saying and doing things that cause people to lose hope, confidence, and courage so that they have less desire to keep working hard to do what they know they should do.
The term “discouraged” refers to causing (or being caused) to not have hope or confidence or courage regarding something.
* The term “discouragement” has the opposite meaning of “encouragement.”
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “discourage” could include “demoralize” or “cause to become disheartened” or “cause to lose confidence” or “cause to lose hope” or “deprive of courage.”
* Depending on the context, you could translate “discouraged” as “disheartened” or use some other equivalent word or phrase.
(See also: [encourage](../other/encourage.md), [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [fear](../kt/fear.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# dishonor
## Definition:
Used in this sense, the term “dishonor” describes something that is used for common or ordinary use instead of for a special or honorable use.
* Used in this sense, the term “dishonor” refers to objects that are not useful for anything important.
* Depending on the context, “dishonor” could also be translated as “common use” or “” or “ordinary ordinary use” or “mundane use.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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# dishonor, dishonorable
# dishonor, dishonored, dishonorable
## Definition:
The term “dishonor” means to do something that is disrespectful to someone. This can also cause that person shame or disgrace.
* The term “dishonorable” describes an action that is shameful or that causes someone to be dishonored.
* Sometimes “dishonorable” is used to refer to objects that are not useful for anything important.
* Children are commanded to honor and obey their parents. When children disobey, they dishonor their parents. They are treating their parents in a way that does not honor them.
* The Israelites dishonored Yahweh when they worshiped false gods and practiced immoral behavior.
* The Jews dishonored Jesus by saying that he was possessed by a demon.
* This could be translated as to “not honor” or to “treat with no respect.”
* The noun “dishonor” could be translated as “disrespect” or “loss of honor.”
* Depending on the context, “dishonorable” could also be translated as “not honorable” or “shameful” or “not worthwhile” or “not valuable.”
* Depending on the context, “dishonorable” could also be translated as “not honorable” or “shameful.”
(See also: [honor](../kt/honor.md))

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# disobey, disobeyed, disobedience, rebellious
## Definition:
The term “disobey” means to not obey what someone in authority has commanded or instructed. A person who does this is being “disobedient.”
* A person who does something he was told not to do is disobeying.
* To disobey also means to refuse to do something that was commanded.
* The term “disobedient” is also used to describe the character of someone who habitually disobeys or rebels. It means that they are sinful or wicked.
* The term “disobedience” means “the act of not obeying” or “behavior that is against what God wants.”
* A “disobedient people” could be translated by “people who keep on disobeying” or “people who do not do what God commands.”
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [sin](../kt/sin.md), [obey](../other/obey.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Kings 13:21](rc://en/tn/help/1ki/13/21)
* [Acts 26:19](rc://en/tn/help/act/26/19)
* [Colossians 3:7](rc://en/tn/help/col/03/07)
* [Luke 1:17](rc://en/tn/help/luk/01/17)
* [Luke 6:49](rc://en/tn/help/luk/06/49)
* [Psalms 89:30-32](rc://en/tn/help/psa/089/030)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[2:11](rc://en/tn/help/obs/02/11)__ God said to the man, “You listened to your wife and __disobeyed__ me.”
* __[13:7](rc://en/tn/help/obs/13/07)__ If the people obeyed these laws, God promised that he would bless and protect them. If they __disobeyed__ them, God would punish them.
* __[16:2](rc://en/tn/help/obs/16/02)__ Because the Israelites kept __disobeying__ God, he punished them by allowing their enemies to defeat them.
* __[35:12](rc://en/tn/help/obs/35/12)__ “The older son said to his father, ‘All these years I have worked faithfully for you! I never __disobeyed__ you, and still you did not give me one small goat so I could celebrate with my friends.’”
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H4784, H5674, G05060, G05430, G05440, G05450, G38470, G38760

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# divorce
## Definition:
A divorce is the legal act of ending a marriage. The term to “divorce” means to formally and legally separate from one’s spouse in order to end the marriage.
* The literal meaning of the term to “divorce” is to “send away” or to “formally separate from.” Other languages may have similar expressions to refer to divorce.
* A “certificate of divorce” could be translated as a “paper stating that the marriage has ended.”
## Bible References:
* [1 Chronicles 8:8-11](rc://en/tn/help/1ch/08/08)
* [Leviticus 21:7-9](rc://en/tn/help/lev/21/07)
* [Luke 16:18](rc://en/tn/help/luk/16/18)
* [Mark 10:4](rc://en/tn/help/mrk/10/04)
* [Matthew 5:32](rc://en/tn/help/mat/05/32)
* [Matthew 19:3](rc://en/tn/help/mat/19/03)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H1644, H3748, H5493, H7971, G06300, G06470, G08630

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# dove, pigeon
# dove, pigeon, turtledove
## Definition:
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Doves and pigeons are two kinds of small, gray-brown birds that look similar. A
* Doves sometimes symbolize purity, innocence, or peace.
* If doves or pigeons are not known in the language area where the translation is being done, this term could be translated as “a small grayish brown bird called a dove” or “a small gray or brown bird, similar to a (name of local bird)”.
* If both a dove and a pigeon are referred to in the same verse, it is best to use two different words for these birds, if possible.
* A turtledove is a type of dove mentioned in Genesis 15:9, Song of Songs 2:12, and Leviticus 12:6.
(See also: [How to Translate Unknowns](rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown))

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bible/other/earth.md
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@ -7,13 +7,12 @@ The term “earth” refers to the world on which human beings and other living
* In the Bible, the term “earth” is often paired with the term “heaven” as a way of indicating the abode of humankind on the earth in contrast with the abode of God in heaven.
* This term is usually translated “land” when paired with the name of people group to denote the territory belonging to those people, such as “the land of Canaan.”
* The term “earthly” is sometimes used to refer to things that are physical and/or visible in contrast to things that are non-physical and/or invisible.
* This term can be used figuratively to refer to the people who live on the earth or what the earth contains, such as in “let the earth be glad” and “he will judge the earth.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* This term can be translated by the word or phrase that the local language or nearby national languages use to refer to the planet earth on which we live.
* Depending on the context, “earth” could also be translated as “world” or “land” or “dirt” or “soil.”
* When used figuratively, “earth” could be translated as “people on the earth” or “people living on earth” or “everything on earth.”
* Ways to translate “earthly” could include “physical” or “things of this earth” or “visible.”
(See also: [world](../kt/world.md), [heaven](../kt/heaven.md))

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bible/other/encourage.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# encourage, encouraged, encouraging, encouragement
## Facts:
The terms “encourage” and “encouragement” refer to saying and doing things to cause someone to have comfort, hope, confidence, and courage.
* A similar term is “exhort,” which means to urge someone to reject an activity that is wrong and to instead do things that are good and right.
* The apostle Paul and other New Testament writers taught Christians to encourage one another to love and serve others.
## Translation Suggestions
* Depending on the context, ways to translate “encourage” could include “urge” or “comfort” or “say kind things” or “help and support.”
* The phrase “give words of encouragement” means “say things that cause other people to feel loved, accepted, and empowered.”
(See also: [discourage](../other/discourage.md), [confidence](../other/confidence.md), [exhort](../kt/exhort.md))
## Bible References:
## Word Data:
* Strong’s:

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bible/other/enslave.md
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@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
# enslave, slave, bondservant, bound
# enslave, slave, bondservant, bondage, bound, bonds, young man, young women
## Definition:
To “enslave” someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be “enslaved” or “in bondage” means to be under the control of something or someone.
To “enslave” someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be “enslaved” or “in bondage” means to be under the control of something or someone. A “slave” refers to a person who works for (or obeys) another person, either by choice or by force. A slave was under the direction of their master. In the Bible, “servant” and “slave” are mostly interchangable terms.
* A person who is enslaved or in bondage must serve others without payment; he is not free to do what he wants. Another word for “bondage” is “slavery.”
* The New Testament speaks of human beings as “enslaved” to sin until Jesus frees them from its control and power. When a person receives new life in Christ, he stops being a slave to sin and becomes a slave to righteousness.
* In the Bible the words “young man” or “young woman” often mean “servant” or “slave.” This meaning will be discerned from context. One indicator of this situation is if the possessive is used, eg. “her young women” which could be translated as “her servants” or “her slaves.”
## Translation Suggestions:
* The term “enslave” could be translated as “cause to not be free” or “force to serve others” or “put under the control of others.”
* The phrase “enslaved to” or “in bondage to” could be translated as “forced to be a slave of” or “forced to serve” or “under the control of.”
* The term “enslave” could be translated as “cause to not be free” or “force to serve” or “put under the control of.”
* The phrase “enslaved to” or “in bondage to” could be translated as “forced to be a slave of” or “forced to serve” or “put under the control of.”
* A slave was a kind of servant who was the property of the person he worked for. The person who bought a slave was called his “owner” or “master.” Some masters treated their slaves cruelly. Other masters treated their slaves well, like a valued member of the household. The term “slavery” means the state of being a slave.
* A person could be a slave temporarily, for instance while working to repay a debt to his owner.
(See also: [free](../other/free.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [servant](../other/servant.md))
@ -19,7 +22,13 @@ To “enslave” someone means to force that person to serve a master or a rulin
* [Galatians 4:3](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/03)
* [Galatians 4:24-25](rc://en/tn/help/gal/04/24)
* [Genesis 15:13](rc://en/tn/help/gen/15/13)
* [Jeremiah 30:8-9](rc://en/tn/help/jer/30/08)
* [Jeremiah 30:8](rc://en/tn/help/jer/30/08)
## Examples from the Bible stories:
* __[8:4](rc://en/tn/help/obs/08/04)__ The __slave__ traders sold Joseph as a __slave__ to a wealthy government official.
* __[9:13](rc://en/tn/help/obs/09/13)__ “I (God) will send you (Moses) to Pharaoh so that you can bring the Israelites out of their __slavery__ in Egypt.”
* __[29:3](rc://en/tn/help/obs/29/03)__ “Since the __servant__ could not pay the debt, the king said, ‘Sell this man and his family as __slaves__ to make payment on his debt.’”
## Word Data:

11
bible/other/envy.md
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@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
# envy, covet
# envy, covet, jealous, jealousy
## Definition:
The term “envy” refers to being jealous of someone because of what that person possesses or because of that person’s admirable qualities. The term “covet” means to strongly desire to have something.
The terms “envy” and “envious” refer to being jealous of someone because of what that person possesses or because of that person’s admirable qualities or abilities. The term “covet” means to strongly desire to have something.
* Envy is normally a negative feeling of resentment because of another person’s success, good fortune, or possessions.
* Envy is normally a negative feeling of resentment because of another person’s success, good fortune, possessions, or abilities.
* Coveting is a strong desire to have someone else’s property, or even someone else’s spouse.
* In some contexts the terms “jealous” and “jealousy” can mean “envy.”
## Translation Suggestions
* When the terms “jealous” and “jealousy” refer to being wrongfully “envious” of someone the terms “envious” or “envy” could be used if the context permits.
(See also: [jealous](../kt/jealous.md))

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bible/other/evildoer.md
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@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# evildoer, evildoing
## Definition:
The term “evildoer” is a general reference to people who do sinful and wicked things.
* It can also be a general word for people who do not obey God.
* This term could be translated using the word for “evil” or “wicked,” with the word for “doing” or “making” or “causing” something.
(See also: [evil](../kt/evil.md))
## Bible References:
* [1 Peter 2:13-17](rc://en/tn/help/1pe/02/13)
* [Isaiah 9:16-17](rc://en/tn/help/isa/09/16)
* [Luke 13:25-27](rc://en/tn/help/luk/13/25)
* [Malachi 3:13-15](rc://en/tn/help/mal/03/13)
* [Matthew 7:21-23](rc://en/tn/help/mat/07/21)
## Word Data:
* Strong’s: H0205, H6213, H6466, H7451, H7489, G00930, G04580, G20380, G20400, G25550

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