unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv

51 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2RUT11m9nlבִּ​ימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַ​שֹּׁפְטִ֔ים1in the days when the judges ruledduring the time when judges led and governed Israel
3RUT12e53aאֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִ​ בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה1Ephrathites of Bethlehem of JudahThey were people from the tribe of Ephraim who settled at Bethlehem in the region of Judea.
4RUT13rxb1הִ֖יא וּ​שְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽי​הָ׃1she was left with her two sonsNaomi had only her two sons with her
5RUT14k7y9מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת1from the women of MoabNaomi's sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods.
6RUT14aee6שֵׁ֤ם הָֽ​אַחַת֙ ... וְ​שֵׁ֥ם הַ​שֵּׁנִ֖י1the name of one ... the name of the otherthe name of one woman ... the name of the other woman
7RUT14rt4cכְּ​עֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים1ten yearsTen years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahlon and Kilion died.
8RUT15dbr3וַ⁠תִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽ⁠אִשָּׁ֔ה1leaving the woman withoutNaomi was widowed.
9RUT16ser2יְהוָה֙1YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
10RUT16v86zפָקַ֤ד ... אֶת־ עַמּ֔⁠וֹ1had helped his peopleGod saw their need and provided good harvests for them.
11RUT16u9q2וְ⁠כַלֹּתֶ֔י⁠הָ1her daughters-in-lawthe women who married Naomi's sons
12RUT18hsf7לְ⁠בֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑⁠הּ1to your mother's houseto the home of each of your mothers
13RUT19v2vxfigs-metonymyבֵּ֣ית אִישָׁ֑⁠הּ1in the house of her husbandwith their new husbands, not someone else's husband. This refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame by being married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14RUT19t69wfigs-idiomוַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֖⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּֽינָה1and they lifted up their voices and criedTo raise the voice is an idiom for speaking loudly. The daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15RUT114n47vfigs-idiomוַ⁠תִּשֶּׂ֣נָה קוֹלָ֔⁠ן וַ⁠תִּבְכֶּ֖ינָה1Then they lifted up their voices and criedThis means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16RUT115ld6gהִנֵּה֙ ... יְבִמְתֵּ֔⁠ךְ1Listen, your sister-in-lawPay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, your sister-in-law
17RUT115man4אֱלֹהֶ֑י⁠הָ1her godsBefore Orpah and Ruth married Naomi's sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Naomi's God.
18RUT116z5ugוּ⁠בַ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֨ינִי֙1where you staywhere you live
19RUT117lql7figs-idiomבַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֨וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת1Where you die, I will dieThis refers to Ruth's desire to spend the rest of her life living in the same place and town as Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20RUT118rsq2וַ⁠תֶּחְדַּ֖ל לְ⁠דַבֵּ֥ר אֵלֶֽי⁠הָ1she stopped arguing with herNaomi stopped arguing with Ruth
21RUT119xnb3הֲ⁠זֹ֥את נָעֳמִֽי1Is this Naomi?Since it has been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely the women were expressing doubt as to if this woman was actually Naomi. Treat as a real question, not rhetorical.
22RUT121n9zcאֲנִי֙ מְלֵאָ֣ה הָלַ֔כְתִּי וְ⁠רֵיקָ֖ם הֱשִׁיבַ֣⁠נִי יְהוָ֑ה1I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again emptyWhen Naomi left Bethlehem, her husband and two sons were living, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy.
23RUT121jqx5עָ֣נָה בִ֔⁠י1has testified against mejudged me guilty
24RUT21t2snwriting-backgroundוּֽ⁠לְ⁠נָעֳמִ֞י מידע לְ⁠אִישָׁ֗⁠הּ1Now Naomi had a relative of her husbandThis phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
25RUT22am6aר֨וּת הַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה1Ruth, the Moabite womanHere the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break.
26RUT22c7rkהַ⁠מּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה1the Moabite womanThis is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab.
27RUT22ed93בִתִּֽ⁠י1my daughterRuth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother. Make sure it is possible in your language to use this word for someone who is not an actual daughter.
28RUT23ht73וַ⁠יִּ֣קֶר מִקְרֶ֔⁠הָ1She happened to comeRuth was not aware that the field she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi's relative Boaz.
29RUT24q1lvבָּ֚א מִ⁠בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם1came from BethlehemThe fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem.
30RUT25a5htלְ⁠מִ֖י הַ⁠נַּעֲרָ֥ה הַ⁠זֹּֽאת1Whose is this young woman?Possible meanings are 1) Boaz was asking about Ruth's husband or 2) Boaz was asking about Ruth's parents or current guardians.
31RUT28ke9bfigs-idiomבִּתִּ֗⁠י1my daughterThis was a kind way of addressing a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, so make sure the translation of this does not make it sound like she was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
32RUT29v5e4לְ⁠בִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑⁠ךְ1not to touch youPossible meanings are 1) the men were not to harm Ruth or 2) the men were not to stop her from gleaning in his field.
33RUT29ahr7מֵ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּ⁠ן הַ⁠נְּעָרִֽים1from what the young men have drawnTo draw water means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel.
34RUT210az6yוַ⁠תִּפֹּל֙ עַל־ פָּנֶ֔י⁠הָ וַ⁠תִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָ֑רְצָ⁠ה1Then she fell on her face and bowed down to the groundThese are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
35RUT210ug7pמַדּוּעַ֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ לְ⁠הַכִּירֵ֔⁠נִי וְ⁠אָּנֹכִ֖י נָכְרִיָּֽה1Why have I found favor in your eyes that you should take notice of me, since I am a foreigner?Ruth is asking a real question.
36RUT211r44nfigs-metonymyוַ⁠תֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־ עַ֕ם1have come to a peopleBoaz is referring to Ruth coming to dwell with Naomi in a village and community, a country, and religion she did not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
37RUT212s2vmפָּעֳלֵ֑⁠ךְ1your deedThis is an act of faith, choosing to live with Naomi in Bethlehem and trusting Naomi's God.
38RUT213zc5nוְ⁠אָנֹכִי֙ לֹ֣א אֶֽהְיֶ֔ה כְּ⁠אַחַ֖ת שִׁפְחֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ1though I am not like one of your female servantsPossible meanings are 1) Ruth was not one of Boaz's female servants or 2) Ruth did not think her marriage to Naomi's son granted her any privilege in Bethlehem.
39RUT214yht2לְ⁠עֵ֣ת הָ⁠אֹ֗כֶל1At mealtimeThis refers to the noontime meal.
40RUT214p256וְ⁠טָבַ֥לְתְּ פִּתֵּ֖⁠ךְ בַּ⁠חֹ֑מֶץ1dip your piece of bread in the wine vinegarThis was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar on it and plates of broken bread. They would dip their bread in the vinegar bowl to wet it and add flavor before they ate it.
41RUT214xr6sבַּ⁠חֹ֑מֶץ1the wine vinegara sauce that bread was dipped in. The Israelites further fermented some of their wine to make vinegar.
42RUT215rct9וַ⁠תָּ֖קָם1When she got upAs she stood up
43RUT217h3apוַ⁠תַּחְבֹּט֙1she beat outShe separated the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk, which is thrown away.
44RUT218etn8figs-explicitוַ⁠תִּשָּׂא֙ וַ⁠תָּב֣וֹא הָ⁠עִ֔יר1She lifted it up and went into the cityIt is implied that Ruth carried the grain home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
45RUT218r6szוַ⁠תֵּ֥רֶא חֲמוֹתָ֖⁠הּ1Then her mother-in-law sawNaomi saw
46RUT219bg28figs-parallelismאֵיפֹ֨ה לִקַּ֤טְתְּ הַ⁠יּוֹם֙ וְ⁠אָ֣נָה עָשִׂ֔ית1Where have you gleaned today, and where did you work?Naomi said almost the same thing in two different ways to show that she was very interested in knowing what had happened to Ruth that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
47RUT220p8kmבָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַ⁠יהוָ֔ה1May he be blessed by YahwehNaomi is asking God to reward Boaz for his kindness to Ruth and herself.
48RUT220cyy2figs-parallelismקָר֥וֹב לָ֨⁠נוּ֙ הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ מִֽ⁠גֹּאֲלֵ֖⁠נוּ הֽוּא1That man is our relative, one of our kinsman-redeemersThe second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
49RUT220zu5fמִֽ⁠גֹּאֲלֵ֖⁠נוּ1kinsman-redeemersA kinsman-redeemer was a close male relative who could rescue a childless widow from financial ruin by marrying her and having a child with her. He would also reacquire the land his relatives had lost due to poverty and redeem family members who had sold themselves into slavery.
50RUT221g585עִם־ הַ⁠נְּעָרִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־ לִ⁠י֙ תִּדְבָּקִ֔י⁠ן1keep close to my young menBoaz was referring to the physical protection his men can provide her.
51RUT222f2twתֵֽצְאִי֙ עִם1go out withwork with
52RUT222bcc4וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִפְגְּעוּ־ בָ֖⁠ךְ1so that they do not harm you Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to seize her and sleep with her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest.
53RUT223e2vqוַ⁠תִּדְבַּ֞ק1she stayed closeRuth worked in Boaz's fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe.
54RUT223a7qpוַ⁠תֵּ֖שֶׁב אֶת־ חֲמוֹתָֽ⁠הּ1She lived with her mother-in-lawRuth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night.
55RUT31r7arחֲמוֹתָ֑⁠הּ1her mother-in-lawNaomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband.
56RUT31f1ucבִּתִּ֞⁠י1My daughterRuth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and further by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem.
57RUT31uw2pfigs-metaphorלָ֛⁠ךְ מָנ֖וֹחַ1rest for youPossible meanings are 1) literally in finding a house for her to live in or 2) figuratively in finding a husband to care for her. Naomi probably had both senses in mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
58RUT32nd8vהִנֵּה1LookThis term indicates that the following statement is very important.
59RUT32ms25זֹרֶ֛ה1winnowingTo winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away.
60RUT33ru6zוָ⁠סַ֗כְתְּ1anoint yourselfThis is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, much as women put on perfume today.
61RUT33e92hfigs-idiomו⁠ירדתי הַ⁠גֹּ֑רֶן1go down to the threshing floorThis refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
62RUT34ln1mtranslate-symactionוְ⁠גִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו1uncover his feetThis means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
63RUT34l4weו⁠שכבתי1lie downlie down at his feet
64RUT34w1u5וְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔⁠ךְ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּעַשִֽׂי⁠ן1Then he will tell you what you should doThe specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer.
65RUT34nn4gוְ⁠הוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד1Then he will tellWhen he wakes up, he will
66RUT37eq2uוַ⁠תְּגַ֥ל מַרְגְּלֹתָ֖י⁠ו1uncovered his feetremoved his blanket from his feet
67RUT37pb6lוַ⁠תִּשְׁכָּֽב1lay downlay down at his feet
68RUT38pz92וַ⁠יְהִי֙1It came aboutThis phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
69RUT38qsm2בַּ⁠חֲצִ֣י הַ⁠לַּ֔יְלָה1at midnightin the middle of the night
70RUT38xun6וַ⁠יֶּחֱרַ֥ד1was startledIt is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet.
71RUT38c23jfigs-idiomוַ⁠יִּלָּפֵ֑ת1He turned overHe looked to see what startled him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
72RUT38e7uiאִשָּׁ֔ה שֹׁכֶ֖בֶת מַרְגְּלֹתָֽי⁠ו1a woman was lying at his feetThe woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness.
73RUT39wj9eאֲמָתֶ֔⁠ךָ1your female servantRuth spoke with humility to Boaz.
74RUT39l5g4גֹאֵ֖ל1near kinsmana close relative with special responsibilities toward their extended family
75RUT310bjw9הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥⁠ךְ הָ⁠אַחֲר֖וֹן מִן־ הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן1you have showed more kindness at the end than at the beginningeven more kindness now than before
76RUT310e7kaהֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥⁠ךְ הָ⁠אַחֲר֖וֹן1you have showed more kindness at the endThis refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. By marrying Naomi's relative, Ruth would provide for Naomi and demonstrate great kindness to Naomi.
77RUT310cbd3הָ⁠רִאשׁ֑וֹן1at the beginningThis refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them.
78RUT311ei93בִּתִּ⁠י֙1my daughterBoaz used this expression as a sign of respect toward Ruth as a younger woman.
79RUT312fvq5גֹּאֵ֖ל קָר֥וֹב מִמֶּֽ⁠נִּי1a kinsman nearer than IIt was the duty of the closest male relative to help the widow.
80RUT313gcl8figs-explicitאִם־ יִגְאָלֵ֥⁠ךְ1if he will redeem youBoaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth's dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
81RUT314vn8pוַ⁠תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב מרגלת⁠ו1she lay at his feetRuth slept at Boaz' feet. They did not have sex.
82RUT315hj1eהַ⁠מִּטְפַּ֧חַת1shawla piece of cloth worn over the shoulders
83RUT315f5zgשֵׁשׁ־ שְׂעֹרִים֙1six ephahs of barleyThe actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms.
84RUT315gdn8וַ⁠יָּ֣שֶׁת עָלֶ֔י⁠הָ1put it on herThe amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it.
85RUT316w9p9אֵ֛ת כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָֽשָׂה־ לָ֖⁠הּ הָ⁠אִֽישׁ1all that the man had done for herall that Boaz had done
86RUT318u5rnאִם־ כִּלָּ֥ה הַ⁠דָּבָ֖ר1finished this thingThis refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth.
87RUT41kz1gהַ⁠גֹּאֵ֤ל1the kinsman-redeemerThis was the closest living relative to Elimelek.
88RUT42bf74מִ⁠זִּקְנֵ֥י הָ⁠עִ֖יר1elders of the cityleaders of the city
89RUT43es9gחֶלְקַת֙ הַ⁠שָּׂדֶ֔ה ... מָכְרָ֣ה נָעֳמִ֔י1Naomi ... is selling the parcel of landIt was the responsibility of the kinsman to buy back his relative's land and to care for his family. In this case, it meant the man must buy Naomi's land, marry Ruth, and care for Naomi.
90RUT44c6xiנֶ֥גֶד1in the presenceThis would make the transaction legal and binding.
91RUT44lgq1גְּאָ֔ל1redeem itThis meant to buy the land to keep it within their family.
92RUT44u548וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑י⁠ךָ1I am after youBoaz was the next kinsman in line to redeem the land.
93RUT45ut23בְּ⁠יוֹם־ קְנוֹתְ⁠ךָ֥ ... וּ֠⁠מֵ⁠אֵת ... קניתי1On the day that you buy ... you must also acquireBoaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land.
94RUT45b3psר֣וּת ... אֵֽשֶׁת־ הַ⁠מֵּת֙1Ruth ... the widow of a dead manRuth ... the widow of Elimelek's son
95RUT45b3syלְ⁠הָקִ֥ים שֵׁם־ הַ⁠מֵּ֖ת1to raise up the name of the deadthat she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on the name of her dead husband
96RUT46sx9kאַשְׁחִ֖ית אֶת־ נַחֲלָתִ֑⁠י1damaging my own inheritanceHe would have to give some of his own wealth to the children that Ruth might bear.
97RUT47wga9writing-backgroundוְ⁠זֹאת֩1Now this was the customThe writer of the book explains of the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
98RUT47xdr7נַעֲל֖⁠וֹ1his sandalhis sandal
99RUT47d46wלְ⁠רֵעֵ֑⁠הוּ1to the otherThis refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his shoe.
100RUT49zz42לַ⁠זְּקֵנִ֜ים וְ⁠כָל־ הָ⁠עָ֗ם1to the elders and to all the peopleThis refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town.
101RUT49img5כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽ⁠אֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְ⁠אֵ֛ת כָּל־ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְ⁠כִלְי֖וֹן וּ⁠מַחְל֑וֹן1all that was Elimelek's and all that was Kilion's and Mahlon'sThis refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi's dead husband and sons.
102RUT410xpu5וּ⁠מִ⁠שַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑⁠וֹ1the gate of his placeThe gate of the town is where important legal decisions were made, such as decisions about who owns a piece of land.
103RUT411ua2aהָ⁠עָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־ בַּ⁠שַּׁ֛עַר1the people who were in the gatepeople who were meeting together near the gate
104RUT411hg6qfigs-metaphorהַ⁠בָּאָ֣ה אֶל־ בֵּיתֶ֗⁠ךָ1is coming into your houseThis has literal and figurative meaning. As Ruth marries Boaz, she will move into his house. House can also refer to becoming part of Boaz's family by being his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105RUT411q47mכְּ⁠רָחֵ֤ל׀ וּ⁠כְ⁠לֵאָה֙1like Rachel and LeahThese were the two wives of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel.
106RUT411cz4tבָּנ֤וּ ... אֶת־ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל1built up the house of Israelbore many children who became the nation of Israel
107RUT411uk9qוַ⁠עֲשֵׂה־ חַ֣יִל בְּ⁠אֶפְרָ֔תָה1may you prosper in EphrathahEphrathah is the name of the clan to which Boaz belonged in Bethlehem.
108RUT412fn52figs-metaphorוִ⁠יהִ֤י בֵֽיתְ⁠ךָ֙ כְּ⁠בֵ֣ית1May your house be like the houseGod abundantly blessed Judah through his son Perez. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth's children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109RUT412a433יָלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֖ר לִֽ⁠יהוּדָ֑ה1Tamar bore to JudahTamar was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with her, which continued the family name.
110RUT412xym8מִן־ הַ⁠זֶּ֗רַע אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ לְ⁠ךָ֔1through the offspring that Yahweh will give youYahweh would give Boaz children through Ruth.
111RUT414p8p3וְ⁠יִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֖⁠וֹ1May his name be famousThis refers to the reputation and character of Naomi's grandson.
112RUT415z5lwוּ⁠לְ⁠כַלְכֵּ֖ל אֶת־ שֵׂיבָתֵ֑⁠ךְ1a nourisher of your old agehe will take care of you when you become old
113RUT416k1w4וַ⁠תִּקַּ֨ח נָעֳמִ֤י אֶת־ הַ⁠יֶּ֨לֶד֙1Naomi took the childThis refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth.
114RUT419rl3ktranslate-namesוְ⁠חֶצְרוֹן֙ ... רָ֔ם1Hezron ... Ram(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])