unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_50-EPH.tsv

94 KiB
Raw Blame History

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2EPHfrontintroe3di0# Introduction to Ephesians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Ephesians<br><br>1. Greeting and prayer for the spiritual blessings in Christ (1:1-23)<br>1. Sin and salvation (2:1-10)<br>1. Unity and peace (2:11-22)<br>1. Mystery of Christ in you, made known (3:1-13)<br>1. Prayer for riches of his glory to make them strong (3:14-21)<br>1. Unity of the Spirit, building up the Body of Christ (4:1-16)<br>1. New life (4:17-32)<br>1. Imitators of God (5:1-21)<br>1. Wives and husbands; children and parents; slaves and masters (5:22-6:9)<br>1. Armor of God (6:10-20)<br>1. Final greeting (6:21-24)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Ephesians?<br><br>Paul wrote Ephesians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>The Apostle Paul helped start the church in Ephesus on one of his trips. He also lived in Ephesus for a year and a half and helped the believers there. Paul probably wrote this letter while he was in prison in Rome.<br><br>### What is the Book of Ephesians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the Christians in Ephesus to explain Gods love for them in Christ Jesus. He described the blessings that God was giving them because they were now united with Christ. He explained that all believers are united together, whether Jew or Gentile. Paul also wanted to encourage them to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Ephesians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Pauls Letter to the Church in Ephesus” or “A Letter to the Christians in Ephesus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the “hidden truth” in the Book of Ephesians?<br><br>The expression translated in the ULT as “hidden truth” or “hidden” occurs six times. By it Paul always meant something that God had to reveal to human beings because they could not know it on their own. It always referred to something about how God planned to save mankind. Sometimes it was about his plan to cause peace between himself and mankind. Sometimes it was about his plan to unite Jews and Gentiles through Christ. Gentiles are now able to benefit from the promises of Christ as equals with the Jews.<br><br>### What did Paul say about salvation and righteous living?<br><br>Paul said much about salvation and righteous living in this letter and in many of his letters. He said that God has been very kind and saved Christians because they believe in Jesus. Therefore, after they become Christians, they should live in a righteous way to show that they have faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. The word “you” is almost always plural and refers to the believers who may read this letter. The three exceptions to this are: 5:14, 6:2, and 6:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the “new self” or the “new man”?<br><br>When Paul spoke of the “new self” or the “new man,” he meant the new nature that a believer receives from the Holy Spirit. This new nature was created in Gods image (See: 4:24). The phrase “new man” is also used for God causing peace between Jews and Gentiles. God brought them together as one people that belong to him (See: 2:15).<br><br>### How are the ideas of “holy” and “sanctify” represented in Ephesians in the ULT?<br><br>The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, the ULT uses the following principles:<br><br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the use of “holy” to express the fact that God views Christians as sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another use of “holy” is to express the idea that God is perfect and faultless. A third use is to express the idea that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses “holy,” “holy God,” “holy ones,” or “holy people.” (See: 1:1, 4)<br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses “believer” or “believers.”<br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses “set apart,” “dedicated to,” or “reserved for.” (See: 3:5)<br><br>The UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>This kind of expression occurs in 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20; 2:6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22; 3:5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 21; 4:1, 17, 21, 32; 5:8, 18, 19; 6:1, 10, 18, 21. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Ephesians?<br><br><br>* “in Ephesus” (1:1). Some early manuscripts do not include this expression, but it is probably in the original letter. The ULT, UST, and many modern versions include it.<br>* “because we are members of his body” (5:30). Most modern versions, including the ULT and UST, read in this way. Some older versions read, “because we are members of his body and of his bones.” Translators might decide to choose the second reading if other versions in their area have it that way. If translators choose the second reading, they should put the additional words inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they are probably not original to the Book of Ephesians.<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br>
3EPH1introfg420# Ephesians 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “I pray”<br><br>Paul structures part of this chapter like a prayer of praise to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is teaching the church in Ephesus. He also tells the Ephesians how he is praying for them.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Predestination<br>Many scholars believe this chapter teaches on a subject known as “predestination.” This is related to the biblical concept of “predestine.” Some scholars take this to indicate that God has, from before the foundation of the world, chosen some people to eternally save. Christians have different views on what the Bible teaches on this subject. So translators need to take extra care when translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/predestine]])<br>
4EPH11kx1gfigs-you0General Information:Paul names himself as the writer of this letter to the believers at the church at Ephesus. Except where noted, all instances of “you” and “your” refers to the Ephesian believers as well as all believers and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
5EPH11ilf2Παῦλος, ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ1Paul, an apostle…to Gods holy people in EphesusYour language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter and its intended audience. Alternate translation: “I, Paul, an apostle…write this letter to you, Gods holy people Ephesus”
6EPH11u73pfigs-metaphorτοῖς οὖσιν…καὶ πιστοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1who are faithful in Christ Jesus“In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7EPH12x9eyχάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη1Grace to you and peaceThis is a common greeting and blessing that Paul often uses in his letters.
8EPH13lm67figs-inclusive0General Information:In this book, unless otherwise stated, the words “us” and “we” refer to Paul, the believers in Ephesus, as well as all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
9EPH13zdh30Connecting Statement:Paul opens his letter by talking about the believers position and their safety before God.
10EPH13g6sjfigs-activepassiveεὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1May the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ be praisedThis can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “Let us praise the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11EPH13cr9hὁ εὐλογήσας ἡμᾶς1who has blessed us“for God has blessed us”
12EPH13m8qhπάσῃ εὐλογίᾳ πνευματικῇ1every spiritual blessing“every blessing coming from the Spirit of God”
13EPH13j2lkἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις1in the heavenly places“in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is.
14EPH13v9qzfigs-metaphorἐν Χριστῷ1in ChristPossible meanings 1) the phrase “in Christ” refers to what Christ has done. Alternate translation: “through Christ” or “through what Christ has done” or 2) “in Christ” is a metaphor referring to our close relationship with Christ. Alternate translation: “by uniting us with Christ” or “because we are united with Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15EPH14ibv6figs-doubletἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους1holy and blamelessPaul uses two similar words to emphasize moral goodness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
16EPH15fp7l0General Information:The words “his,” “He,” and “he” refer to God.
17EPH15h7pnfigs-inclusiveπροορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν1God chose us beforehand for adoptionThe word “us” refers to Paul, the Ephesian church, and all believers in Christ. Alternate translation: “God planned long ago to adopt us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
18EPH15pq1xπροορίσας ἡμᾶς1God chose us beforehand“God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago”
19EPH15e6f6figs-gendernotationsεἰς υἱοθεσίαν1for adoption as sonsHere “adoption” refers to becoming part of Gods family. Here the word “sons” refers to males and females. Alternate translation: “to be adopted as his children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
20EPH15ciu3διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1through Jesus ChristGod brought believers into his family by the work of Jesus Christ.
21EPH16s9qkἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ1he has freely given us in the One he loves.“he has kindly given to us by means of the One he loves”
22EPH16x7jpτῷ ἠγαπημένῳ1the One he loves“the One he loves, Jesus Christ” or “his Son, whom he loves”
23EPH17m9l4figs-metaphorτὸ πλοῦτος τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ1riches of his gracePaul speaks of Gods grace as if it were material wealth. Alternate translation: “greatness of Gods grace” or “abundance of Gods grace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24EPH18pg6jἧς ἐπερίσσευσεν εἰς ἡμᾶς1He lavished this grace upon us“He gave us this great amount of grace” or “He was extremely kind to us”
25EPH18sw98ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ φρονήσει1with all wisdom and understandingPossible meanings are 1) “because he has all wisdom and understanding” 2) “so that we might have great wisdom and understanding”
26EPH19v71pκατὰ τὴν εὐδοκίαν αὐτοῦ1according to what pleased himPossible meanings are 1) “because he wanted to make it known to us” or 2) “which was what he wanted.”
27EPH19c2ukἣν προέθετο ἐν αὐτῷ1which he demonstrated in Christ“he demonstrated this purpose in Christ”
28EPH19u53hἐν αὐτῷ1in Christ“by means of Christ”
29EPH110n2slεἰς οἰκονομίαν1with a view to a planA new sentence can be started here. Alternate translation: “He did this with a view to a plan” or “He did this, thinking about a plan”
30EPH110em7qτοῦ πληρώματος τῶν καιρῶν1for the fullness of time“for when the time is right” or “for the time that he has appointed”
31EPH111t281figs-activepassiveἐκληρώθημεν1we were appointed as heirsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us to be heirs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
32EPH111nkf8figs-activepassiveπροορισθέντες1We were decided on beforehandThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God chose us ahead of time” or “God chose us long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
33EPH111ww9sfigs-exclusiveἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες1we were appointed as heirs…We were decided on beforehandBy means of these pronouns “we,” Paul is referring to himself and the other Jewish Christians, those who trusted Christ before the Ephesian believers did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
34EPH112gj44figs-exclusiveεἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς1so that we might be the firstAgain, the word “we” refers to the Jewish believers who first heard the good news, not the believers at Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
35EPH112zqm9εἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ1so we would be for the praise of his glory“so that we would live to praise him for his glory”
36EPH112jm4jfigs-exclusiveεἰς τὸ εἶναι ἡμᾶς, εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης αὐτοῦ1so that we might be the first…so we would be for the praiseOnce again, the pronouns “we” refer to Paul and the other Jewish believers, not to the Ephesian believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
37EPH113j1zc0General Information:Paul has been speaking in the previous two verses about himself and the other Jewish believers, but now he begins speaking about the Ephesian believers.
38EPH113ac1eτὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας1the word of truthPossible meanings are 1) “the message about the truth” or 2) “the true message.”
39EPH113qgf9figs-metaphorἐσφραγίσθητε τῷ Πνεύματι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, τῷ Ἁγίῳ1were sealed with the promised Holy SpiritWax was placed on a letter and stamped with a symbol representing the person who wrote the letter. Paul uses this custom as a picture to show how God has used the Holy Spirit to assure us that we belong to him. Alternate translation: “God has sealed you with the Holy Spirit that he promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
40EPH114g6dwfigs-metaphorἀρραβὼν τῆς κληρονομίας ἡμῶν1the guarantee of our inheritanceReceiving what God has promised is spoken of as though one inherits property or wealth from a family member. Alternate translation: “the guarantee that we will receive what God has promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41EPH115d9qy0Connecting Statement:Paul prays for the Ephesian believers and praises God for the power that believers have through Christ.
42EPH116scy9figs-litotesοὐ παύομαι εὐχαριστῶν1I have not stopped thanking GodPaul uses “not stopped” to emphasize that he continues to thank God. Alternate translation: “I continue to thank God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
43EPH117b7l1πνεῦμα σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως, ἐν ἐπιγνώσει αὐτοῦ1a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him“spiritual wisdom to understand his revelation”
44EPH118gbl7figs-metonymyπεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας1that the eyes of your heart may be enlightenedHere “heart” is a metonym for a persons mind. The phrase “eyes of your heart” is a metaphor for ones ability to gain understanding. Alternate translation: “that you may gain understanding and be enlightened” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45EPH118iv1hfigs-activepassiveπεφωτισμένους τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας1that the eyes of your heart may be enlightenedThis may be stated in the active tense. Alternate translation: that God may enlighten your heart” or “that God may enlighten your understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46EPH118m5j5πεφωτισμένους1enlightened“made to see”
47EPH118h6igfigs-metaphorτῆς κληρονομίας1inheritanceReceiving what God has promised believers, is spoken of as if one were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48EPH118lg8hἐν τοῖς ἁγίοις1all Gods holy people“all those whom he has set apart for himself” or “all those who belong completely to him”
49EPH119t7lxτὸ ὑπερβάλλον μέγεθος τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ1the incomparable greatness of his powerGods power is far beyond all other power.
50EPH119die1εἰς ἡμᾶς, τοὺς πιστεύοντας1toward us who believe“for us who believe”
51EPH119e6g2τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ κράτους τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ1the working of his great strength“his great power that is at work for us”
52EPH120dc4lἐγείρας αὐτὸν1raised him“made him alive again”
53EPH120pu97ἐκ νεκρῶν1from the deadFrom among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To come back from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
54EPH120ekj4figs-metonymyκαθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ, ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις1seated him at his right hand in the heavenly placesThe person who sits “at the right hand” of a king sits at his right side and rules with all the authority of the king at whose right hand or side he sits. This is a metonym of location that represents the authority that the person in that location possesses. Alternate translation: “gave him all authority to rule from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
55EPH120f3dhtranslate-symactionκαθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ1seated him at his right handTo sit at the “right hand of God” is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate translation: “seated him in the place of honor and authority beside him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
56EPH120jrv1ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις1in the heavenly places“in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how you translated this in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
57EPH121k8k7ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς, καὶ ἐξουσίας, καὶ δυνάμεως, καὶ κυριότητος1far above all rule and authority and power and dominionThese are different terms for the ranks of supernatural beings, both angelic and demonic. Alternate translation: “far above all types of supernatural beings”
58EPH121ra11figs-activepassiveπαντὸς ὀνόματος ὀνομαζομένου1every name that is namedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “every name that man gives” or 2) “every name that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
59EPH121x6qcfigs-metonymyὀνόματος1namePossible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
60EPH121pym8ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ1in this age“at this time”
61EPH121qw2xἐν τῷ μέλλοντι1in the age to come“in the future”
62EPH122jm9ifigs-metonymyπάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ1all things under Christs feetHere “feet” represents Christs lordship, authority, and power. Alternate translation: “all things under Christs power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63EPH122pm4tfigs-metaphorκεφαλὴν ὑπὲρ πάντα1head over all thingsHere “head” refers to the leader or the one who is in charge. Alternate translation: “ruler over all things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
64EPH123ge2cfigs-metaphorτὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ1his bodyJust as with a human body, the head (verse 22) rules all things pertaining to its body, so Christ is the head of the church body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65EPH123w2khτὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν πληρουμένου1the fullness of him who fills all in all“Christ fills the church with his life and power just as he gives life to all things”
66EPH2introe7qn0# Ephesians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on a Christians life before coming to believe in Jesus. Paul then uses this information to explain how a persons former way of living is distinct from a Christians new identity “in Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### One body<br>Paul teaches about the church in this chapter. The church is made of two different groups of people (Jews and Gentiles). They are now one group or “body.” The church is also known as the body of Christ. Jews and Gentiles are united in Christ.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### “Dead in trespasses and sins”<br>Paul teaches that those who are not Christians are “dead” in their sin. Sin binds or enslaves them. This makes them spiritually “dead.” Paul writes that God makes Christians alive in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/death]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Descriptions of worldly living<br>Paul uses many different ways to describe how non-Christians act. They “lived according to the ways of this world” and are “living according to the ruler of the authorities of the air,” “fulfilling the evil desires of our sinful nature,” and “carrying out the desires of the body and of the mind.”<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “It is the gift of God”<br>Some scholars believe “it” here refers to being saved. Other scholars believe that it is faith that is the gift of God. Because of how the Greek tenses agree, “it” here more likely refers to all of being saved by Gods grace through faith.<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. “Flesh” is possibly a metaphor for a persons sinful nature. The phrase “Gentiles in the flesh” indicates the Ephesians once lived without any concern for God. “Flesh” is also used in this verse to refer to the physical part of man. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br>
67EPH21xf5s0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds the believers of their past and the way they now are before God.
68EPH21dxx8figs-metaphorὑμᾶς ὄντας νεκροὺς τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν1you were dead in your trespasses and sinsThis shows how sinful people are unable to obey God in the same way a dead person is unable to respond physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69EPH21lp32figs-doubletτοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν1your trespasses and sinsThe words “trespasses” and “sins” have similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize the greatness of the peoples sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
70EPH22i7d4figs-metonymyκατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου1according to the ways of this worldThe apostles also used “world” to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate translation: “according to the values of people living in the world” or “following the principles of this present world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71EPH22n5d2τὸν ἄρχοντα τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος1the ruler of the authorities of the airThis refers to the devil or Satan.
72EPH22bj9yτοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ νῦν ἐνεργοῦντος1the spirit that is working“the spirit of Satan, who is working”
73EPH23d3wdfigs-metonymyτὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκὸς καὶ τῶν διανοιῶν1the desires of the body and of the mindThe words “body” and “mind” represent the entire person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
74EPH23zd6vfigs-metaphorτέκνα…ὀργῆς1children of wrathpeople with whom God is angry (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75EPH24chm6Θεὸς πλούσιος ὢν ἐν ἐλέει1God is rich in mercy“God is abundant in mercy” or “God is very kind to us”
76EPH24hrx9διὰ τὴν πολλὴν ἀγάπην αὐτοῦ, ἣν ἠγάπησεν ἡμᾶς1because of his great love with which he loved us“because of his great love for us” or “because he loves us very much”
77EPH25h6kmfigs-activepassiveχάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι1by grace you have been savedThis can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “God saved us because of his great kindness toward us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
78EPH26na2nfigs-pastforfutureσυνήγειρεν1God raised us up together with ChristHere to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given Paul and the believers in Ephesus new spiritual life. Alternate translation: “God has given us new life because we belong to Christ” or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Ephesus can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: “We can be sure that God will give us life as he has caused Christ to come alive again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
79EPH26b499ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις1in the heavenly places“in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
80EPH26m6pqἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1in Christ Jesus“In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
81EPH27y6cfἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν, τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις1in the ages to come“in the future”
82EPH28t9pcfigs-activepassiveτῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως1For by grace you have been saved through faithGods kindness to us is the reason he made it possible for us to be saved from judgment if we simply trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: “God saved you by grace because of your faith in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
83EPH28r8u8τοῦτο οὐκ1this did notThe word “this” refers back to “by grace you have been saved by faith.”
84EPH29al4sοὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται1not from works, so that no one may boastYou may want to start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “Salvation does not come from works, so that no one may boast” or “God does not save a person because of what that person does, so no one can boast and say that he earned his salvation”
85EPH210fa4lἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1in Christ Jesus“In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
86EPH210lws4ἐν αὐτοῖς περιπατήσωμεν1we would walk in themWalking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Here “in them” refers to the “good deeds.” Alternate translation: “we would always and continually do those good deeds”
87EPH211diq10Connecting Statement:Paul reminds these believers that God has now made Gentiles and Jews into one body through Christ and his cross.
88EPH211p7m2figs-metaphorτὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί1Gentiles in the fleshThis refers to people who were not born Jewish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89EPH211e76gfigs-metonymyἀκροβυστία1uncircumcisionNon-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of Gods laws. Alternate translation: “uncircumcised pagans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
90EPH211nlf2figs-metonymyπεριτομῆς1circumcisionThis was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate translation: “circumcised people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
91EPH211fb4rτῆς λεγομένης περιτομῆς ἐν σαρκὶ χειροποιήτου1what is called the “circumcision” in the flesh made by human handsPossible meanings are 1) “Jews, who are circumcised by humans” or 2) “Jews, who circumcise the physical body.”
92EPH211tf9ifigs-activepassiveὑπὸ τῆς λεγομένης1by what is calledThis can be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “by what people call” or “by those whom people call” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
93EPH212u3vuχωρὶς Χριστοῦ1separated from Christ“unbelievers”
94EPH212sti2figs-metaphorξένοι τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας1strangers to the covenants of the promisePaul speaks to the Gentile believers as if they had been foreigners, kept out of the land of Gods covenant and promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95EPH213quq4νυνὶ δὲ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1But now in Christ JesusPaul is marking a contrast between the Ephesians before they believed in Christ and after they believed in Christ.
96EPH213uf8mfigs-metaphorὑμεῖς οἵ ποτε ὄντες μακρὰν, ἐγενήθητε ἐγγὺς ἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ1you who once were far away from God have been brought near by the blood of ChristNot belonging to God due to sin is spoken of as being far away from God. Belonging to God because of the blood of Christ is spoken of as being brought near to God. Alternate translation: “you who once did not belong to God now belong to God because of the blood of Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97EPH213tth1figs-metonymyἐν τῷ αἵματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ1by the blood of ChristThe blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate translation: “by Christs death” or “when Christ died for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98EPH214ue4uαὐτὸς…ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν1he is our peace“Jesus gives us his peace”
99EPH214ccy8figs-inclusiveἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν1our peaceThe word “our” refers to Paul and his readers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
100EPH214t9znὁ ποιήσας τὰ ἀμφότερα ἓν1He made the two one“He made the Jews and Gentiles one”
101EPH214t6rdfigs-metonymyἐν τῇ σαρκὶ αὐτοῦ1By his fleshThe words “his flesh,” his physical body, are a metonym for his body dying. Alternate translation: “By the death of his body on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
102EPH214d7ufτὸ μεσότοιχον…τὴν ἔχθραν1the wall of hostility“the wall of hatred” or “the wall of ill will”
103EPH215bn71τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν καταργήσας1he abolished the law of commandments and regulationsJesus blood satisfied the law of Moses so that both the Jews and Gentiles can live at peace in God.
104EPH215sr2rfigs-metaphorἕνα καινὸν ἄνθρωπον1one new mana single new people, the people of redeemed humanity (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105EPH215b628ἐν αὑτῷ1in himselfIt is union with Christ that makes reconciliation possible between Jews and Gentiles.
106EPH216zz8kἀποκαταλλάξῃ τοὺς ἀμφοτέρους1Christ reconciles both peoples“Christ brings the Jews and the Gentiles together in peace”
107EPH216bj8xfigs-metonymyδιὰ τοῦ σταυροῦ1through the crossThe cross here represents Christs death on the cross. Alternate translation: “by means of Christs death on the cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
108EPH216lq3mfigs-metaphorἀποκτείνας τὴν ἔχθραν1putting to death the hostilityStopping their hostility is spoken of as if he killed their hostility. By dying on the cross Jesus eliminated the reason for Jews and Gentiles to be hostile toward each other. Neither are now required to live according to the law of Moses. Alternate translation: “stopping them from hating one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
109EPH217vhi80Connecting Statement:Paul tells the Ephesian believers that present Gentile believers are also now made one with the Jewish apostles and prophets; they are a temple for God in the Spirit.
110EPH217g1hzεὐηγγελίσατο εἰρήνην1proclaimed peace“announced the gospel of peace” or “declared the gospel of peace”
111EPH217wdu8ὑμῖν τοῖς μακρὰν1you who were far awayThis refers to the Gentiles or non-Jews.
112EPH217a58nτοῖς ἐγγύς1those who were nearThis refers to the Jews.
113EPH218qw56figs-inclusiveὅτι δι’ αὐτοῦ ἔχομεν τὴν προσαγωγὴν, οἱ ἀμφότεροι1For through Jesus we both have accessHere “we both” refers to Paul, the believing Jews, and the believing non-Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
114EPH218kt1mἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι1in one SpiritAll believers, both Jewish and Gentile, are given the right to enter into the presence of God the Father by the same Holy Spirit.
115EPH219r11rfigs-metaphorἐστὲ συνπολῖται τῶν ἁγίων καὶ οἰκεῖοι τοῦ Θεοῦ1you Gentiles…Gods householdPaul is again speaking of the spiritual condition of Gentiles after they become believers as he would speak about foreigners becoming citizens of a different nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
116EPH220r2jefigs-metaphorἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳ1You have been built on the foundationPaul speaks of Gods people as if they were a building. Christ is the cornerstone, the apostles are the foundation, and the believers are the structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117EPH220fs7jfigs-activepassiveἐποικοδομηθέντες1You have been builtThis can be stated in the active tense. Alternate translation: “God has built you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
118EPH221g8gafigs-metaphorπᾶσα οἰκοδομὴ συναρμολογουμένη, αὔξει εἰς ναὸν1the whole building fits together and grows as a templePaul continues to speak of Christs family as if it were a building. In the same way a builder fits stones together while building, so Christ is fitting us together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119EPH221ljt5figs-metaphorἐν ᾧ…ἐν Κυρίῳ1In him…in the Lord“In Christ…in the Lord Jesus” These metaphors express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
120EPH222u55jfigs-metaphorἐν ᾧ1in him“in Christ” This metaphor expresses the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
121EPH222b4c8figs-metaphorκαὶ ὑμεῖς συνοικοδομεῖσθε, εἰς κατοικητήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν Πνεύματι1you also are being built together as a dwelling place for God in the SpiritThis describes how believers are being put together to become a place where God will permanently live through the power of the Holy Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122EPH222e52hfigs-activepassiveκαὶ ὑμεῖς συνοικοδομεῖσθε1you also are being built togetherThis can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God is also building you together” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123EPH3introgha70# Ephesians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “I pray”<br><br>Paul structures part of this chapter as a prayer to God. But Paul is not just talking to God. He is both praying for and instructing the church in Ephesus.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Mystery<br>Paul refers to the church as a “mystery.” The role of the church in the plans of God was once not known. But God has now revealed it. Part of this mystery involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God.<br>
124EPH31w8960Connecting Statement:To make clear the hidden truth about the church to believers, Paul refers back to the oneness of Jews and Gentiles and the temple of which believers are now a part.
125EPH31jb9uτούτου χάριν1Because of this“Because of Gods grace to you”
126EPH31m9b6ὁ δέσμιος τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ1the prisoner of Christ Jesus“the one whom Christ Jesus has put in prison”
127EPH32rx7tτὴν οἰκονομίαν τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῆς δοθείσης μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς1the stewardship of the grace of God that was given to me for you“the responsibility that God gave me to bring his grace to you”
128EPH33dc7xfigs-activepassiveκατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν ἐγνωρίσθη μοι1according to the revelation made known to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to what God revealed to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
129EPH33qm6mκαθὼς προέγραψα ἐν ὀλίγῳ1about which I briefly wrote to youPaul refers to another letter he had written to these people.
130EPH35srn9figs-activepassiveὃ ἑτέραις γενεαῖς οὐκ ἐγνωρίσθη τοῖς υἱοῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων1In other generations this truth was not made known to the sons of menThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make these things known to people in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
131EPH35eq5ufigs-activepassiveὡς νῦν ἀπεκαλύφθη…ἐν Πνεύματι1But now it has been revealed by the SpiritThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But now the Spirit has revealed it” or “But now the Spirit has made it known” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
132EPH35iux3τοῖς ἁγίοις ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ προφήταις1his apostles and prophets who were set apart for this work“the apostles and prophets whom God set apart to do this work”
133EPH36pqy3εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη, συνκληρονόμα…διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου1the Gentiles are fellow heirs…through the gospelThis is the hidden truth Paul began to explain in the previous verse. The Gentiles who receive Christ also receive the same things as the Jewish believers.
134EPH36y88qfigs-metaphorσύνσωμα1fellow members of the bodyThe church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
135EPH36wxs4ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1in Christ Jesus“In Christ Jesus” and similar expressions are metaphors that frequently occur in the New Testament letters. They express the strongest kind of relationship possible between Christ and those who believe in him.
136EPH36i4h7διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου1through the gospelPossible meanings are 1) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow sharers in the promise or 2) because of the gospel the Gentiles are fellow heirs and members of the body and fellow sharers in the promise.
137EPH38y97ffigs-metaphorἀνεξιχνίαστον1unsearchableunable to be completely known (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138EPH38e96zfigs-metaphorπλοῦτος τοῦ Χριστοῦ1riches of ChristPaul speaks of the truth about Christ and the blessings he brings as if they were material wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139EPH39f2zpfigs-activepassiveτοῦ μυστηρίου, τοῦ ἀποκεκρυμμένου ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων ἐν τῷ Θεῷ, τῷ τὰ πάντα κτίσαντι1the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all thingsThis can be stated in active form. “God, who created all things, kept this plan hidden for long ages in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
140EPH310q62lγνωρισθῇ…ταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις ἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις…ἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ1the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places would come to know the many-sided nature of the wisdom of God“God will make his great wisdom known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly places through the Church”
141EPH310elh2figs-doubletταῖς ἀρχαῖς καὶ ταῖς ἐξουσίαις1rulers and authoritiesThese words share similar meanings. Paul uses them together to emphasize that every spiritual being will know Gods wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
142EPH310z7vyἐν τοῖς ἐπουρανίοις1in the heavenly places“in the supernatural world.” The word “heavenly” refers to the place where God is. See how this is translated in [Ephesians 1:3](../01/03.md).
143EPH310ll77figs-metaphorἡ πολυποίκιλος σοφία τοῦ Θεοῦ1the many-sided nature of the wisdom of GodGods complex wisdom (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
144EPH311aaz8κατὰ πρόθεσιν τῶν αἰώνων1according to the eternal plan“in keeping with the eternal plan” or “consistent with the eternal plan”
145EPH312qfn90Connecting Statement:Paul praises God in his sufferings and prays for these Ephesian believers.
146EPH312we6cἔχομεν τὴν παρρησίαν1we have boldness“we are without fear” or “we have courage”
147EPH312zx5cfigs-explicitπροσαγωγὴν ἐν πεποιθήσει1access with confidenceIt may be helpful to state explicitly that this access is into Gods presence. Alternate translation: “access into Gods presence with confidence” or “freedom to enter into Gods presence with confidence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
148EPH312kri2πεποιθήσει1confidence“certainty” or “assurance”
149EPH313ciu6figs-metonymyὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, ἥτις ἐστὶν δόξα ὑμῶν1for you, which is your gloryHere “your glory” is a metonym for the pride they should feel or will feel in the future kingdom. The Christians in Ephesus should be proud of what Paul is suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “for you. This is for your benefit” or “for you. You should be proud of this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
150EPH314v3gdfigs-explicitτούτου χάριν1For this reasonYou may need to make explicit what the reason is. Alternate translation: “Because God has done all this for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
151EPH314vju2figs-synecdocheκάμπτω τὰ γόνατά μου πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα1I bend my knees to the FatherBowed knees are a picture of the whole person in an attitude of prayer. Alternate translation: “I bow down in prayer to the Father” or “I humbly pray to the Father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
152EPH315c492figs-activepassiveἐξ οὗ πᾶσα πατριὰ ἐν οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς ὀνομάζεται1from whom every family in heaven and on earth is namedThe act of naming here probably also represents the act of creating. Alternate translation: “who created and named every family in heaven and on earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
153EPH316z9q5δῷ ὑμῖν κατὰ τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι1he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with power“God, because he is so great and powerful, would allow you to become strong with his power”
154EPH316rgf5δῷ1would grant“would give”
155EPH317n87p0Connecting Statement:Paul continues the prayer he began in [Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md).
156EPH317wg1vκατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι1that Christ may live in your hearts through faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his loveThis is the second item for which Paul prays that God will “grant” the Ephesians “according to the riches of his glory.” The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)).
157EPH317q6yyfigs-metonymyκατοικῆσαι τὸν Χριστὸν διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν1that Christ may live in your hearts through faithHere “heart” represents a persons inner being, and “through” expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate translation: “that Christ may live within you because you trust in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
158EPH317g4g1figs-metaphorἐν ἀγάπῃ, ἐρριζωμένοι καὶ τεθεμελιωμένοι1that you will be rooted and grounded in his lovePaul speaks of their faith as if it were a tree that has deep roots or a house built on a solid foundation. Alternate translation: “that you will be like a firmly rooted tree and a building built on stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
159EPH318cja8ἵνα ἐξισχύσητε καταλαβέσθαι1May you have strength so you can understandThese words can be combined with the words that begin with “faith, that you will be rooted and grounded in his love” in verse 17 in two ways. Possible meanings are 1) “faith. I pray that you will be rooted and grounded in his love so that you have strength and can understand” or 2) “faith so you will be rooted and grounded in his love. I also pray that you will have strength so you can understand”
160EPH318bkk6καταλαβέσθαι1so you can understandThis is the second item for which Paul bends his knees and prays; the first is that God will grant that they be strengthened ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)) and that Christ may live in their hearts through faith ([Ephesians 3:17](../03/17.md)). And “understand” is the first thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians themselves will be able to do.
161EPH318uu6lπᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις1all the believers“all believers in Christ” or “all the saints”
162EPH318ef4tfigs-metaphorτὸ πλάτος, καὶ μῆκος, καὶ ὕψος, καὶ βάθος1the width, the length, the height, and the depthPossible meanings are 1) these words describe the greatness of Gods wisdom, Alternate translation: “how very wise God is” or 2) these word describe the intensity of Christs love for us. Alternate translation: “how much Christ loves us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163EPH319rev9γνῶναί…ἀγάπην τοῦ Χριστοῦ1that you may know the love of ChristThis is the second thing that Paul prays that the Ephesians will be able to do; the first is that they “understand.” Alternate translation: “that you can know how great Christs love for us is”
164EPH319px4zἵνα πληρωθῆτε εἰς πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ Θεοῦ1that you may be filled with all the fullness of GodThis is the third item for which Paul bends his knees and prays ([Ephesians 3:14](../03/14.md)). The first is that they would “be strengthened” ([Ephesians 3:16](../03/16.md)), and the second is that they “can understand” ([Ephesians 3:18](../03/18.md)).
165EPH320jk5cfigs-inclusive0General Information:The words “we” and “us” in this book continue to include Paul and all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
166EPH320m7gi0Connecting Statement:Paul concludes his prayer with a blessing.
167EPH320zxj3τῷ δὲ1Now to him who“Now to God, who”
168EPH320zxt3ποιῆσαι ὑπέρ ἐκ περισσοῦ ὧν αἰτούμεθα ἢ νοοῦμεν1to do far beyond all that we ask or think“to do much more than all that we ask or think” or “to do things that are much greater than all that we ask him for or think about”
169EPH4introang80# Ephesians 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with verse 8, which is quoted from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities that the Holy Spirit gives to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. These spiritual gifts were foundational to developing the church. Paul lists here only some of the spiritual gifts. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>### Unity<br>Paul considers it very important that the church is united. This is a major theme of this chapter.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Old man and new man<br>The term “old man” probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The “new man” is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ.<br>
170EPH41sb640Connecting Statement:Because of what Paul has been writing to the Ephesians, he tells them how they should live their lives as believers and again emphasizes that believers are to agree with each other.
171EPH41uss5ὁ δέσμιος ἐν Κυρίῳ1as the prisoner for the Lord“as someone who is in prison because of his choice to serve the Lord”
172EPH41zxr1figs-metaphorἀξίως περιπατῆσαι τῆς κλήσεως1walk worthily of the callingWalking is a common way to express the idea of living ones life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
173EPH42zs6sμετὰ πάσης ταπεινοφροσύνης καὶ πραΰτητος1to live with great humility and gentleness and patience“to learn to be humble, gentle, and patient”
174EPH43pi5cτηρεῖν τὴν ἑνότητα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐν τῷ συνδέσμῳ τῆς εἰρήνης1to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peaceHere Paul speaks of “peace” as if it were a bond that ties people together. This is a metaphor for being united with other people by living peacefully with them. Alternate translation: “to live peacefully with one another and remain united as the Spirit made possible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
175EPH44x5kvfigs-metaphorἓν σῶμα1one bodyThe church is often referred to as the body of Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
176EPH44y6epἓν Πνεῦμα1one Spirit“only one Holy Spirit”
177EPH44b9mrfigs-activepassiveἐκλήθητε ἐν μιᾷ ἐλπίδι τῆς κλήσεως ὑμῶν1you were called in one certain hope of your callingThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God called you to have one confident hope in your calling” or “there is one thing that God also chose you to be confident in and expect him to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
178EPH46bz5iΠατὴρ πάντων…ἐπὶ πάντων…διὰ πάντων…ἐν πᾶσιν1Father of all…over all…through all…and in allThe word “all” here means “everything.”
179EPH47pp9t0General Information:The quote here is from a song that King David wrote.
180EPH47i4za0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds believers of the gifts that Christ gives believers to use in the church, which is the whole body of believers.
181EPH47u2bwfigs-activepassiveἑνὶ…κάστῳ ἡμῶν ἐδόθη ἡ χάρις1To each one of us grace has been givenThis can be stated using an active form. Alternate translation: “God has given grace to each one of us” or “God gave a gift to each believer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
182EPH48wj8tἀναβὰς εἰς ὕψος1When he ascended to the heights“When Christ went up into heaven”
183EPH49e5atἀνέβη1He ascended“Christ went up”
184EPH49zu81καὶ κατέβη1he also descended“Christ also came down”
185EPH49eq56εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς1into the lower regions of the earthPossible meanings are 1) the lower regions are a part of the earth or 2) “the lower regions” is another way of referring to the earth. Alternate translation: “into the lower regions, the earth”
186EPH410w6t5ἵνα πληρώσῃ τὰ πάντα1that he might fill all things“so that he might be present everywhere in his power”
187EPH410b5igπληρώσῃ1fill“complete” or “satisfy”
188EPH412jx12πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων1to equip the saints“to prepare the people he has set apart” or “to provide the believers with what they need”
189EPH412y9gdεἰς ἔργον διακονίας1for the work of service“so they can serve others”
190EPH412n33mfigs-metaphorεἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ1for the building up of the body of ChristPaul is speaking of people who grow spiritually as if they were doing exercises to increase the strength of their physical bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
191EPH412pdh4οἰκοδομὴν1building up“improvement”
192EPH412x5gdσώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ1body of ChristThe “body of Christ” refers to all of the individual members of Christs Church.
193EPH413w1ikκαταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως, καὶ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ1reach the unity of faith and knowledge of the Son of GodThe believers need to know Jesus as the Son of God if they are to be united in faith and mature as believers.
194EPH413er6aκαταντήσωμεν…εἰς τὴν ἑνότητα τῆς πίστεως1reach the unity of faith“become equally strong in faith” or “become united together in faith”
195EPH413x7k3guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ1Son of GodThis is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
196EPH413m3rtεἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον1become mature“become mature believers”
197EPH413gv6mτέλειον1mature“fully developed” or “grown up” or “complete”
198EPH414xgi4figs-metaphorὦμεν νήπιοι1be childrenPaul refers to believers who have not grown spiritually as if they were children who have had very little experience in life. Alternate translation: “be like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
199EPH414ndj2figs-metaphorκλυδωνιζόμενοι καὶ περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας1tossed back and forth…carried away by every wind of teachingThis speaks of a believer who has not become mature and follows wrong teaching as if that believer were a boat that the wind is blowing in different directions on the water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
200EPH414r3bjἐν τῇ κυβίᾳ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἐν πανουργίᾳ πρὸς τὴν μεθοδίαν τῆς πλάνης1by the trickery of people in their deceitful schemes“by crafty people who trick believers with clever lies”
201EPH415zw32figs-metaphorεἰς αὐτὸν…ὅς ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλή1into him who is the headPaul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
202EPH415i2ffἐν ἀγάπῃ1in love“as the members love one another”
203EPH416ll7ffigs-metaphorἐξ οὗ πᾶν τὸ σῶμα…τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ σώματος ποιεῖται εἰς οἰκοδομὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐν ἀγάπῃ1Christ builds the whole body…makes the body grow so that it builds itself up in lovePaul uses the human body to describe how Christ causes believers to work together in harmony as the head of a body causes the body parts to work together to grow healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
204EPH416l5r6διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας1by every supporting ligamentA “ligament” is a strong band that connects bones or organs in place in the body.
205EPH417n5cy0Connecting Statement:Paul tells them what they should no longer do now that they as believers are sealed by the Holy Spirit of God.
206EPH417ksr8τοῦτο οὖν λέγω καὶ μαρτύρομαι ἐν Κυρίῳ1Therefore, I say and insist on this in the Lord“Because what I have just said, I will say something more to strongly encourage you because we all belong to the Lord”
207EPH417wcx2μηκέτι ὑμᾶς περιπατεῖν, καθὼς καὶ τὰ ἔθνη περιπατεῖ ἐν ματαιότητι τοῦ νοὸς αὐτῶν1that you must no longer live as the Gentiles live, in the futility of their minds“stop living like the Gentiles with their worthless thoughts”
208EPH418lab7figs-metaphorἐσκοτωμένοι τῇ διανοίᾳ1They are darkened in their understandingThey no longer think or reason clearly. Alternate translation: “They have darkened their thoughts” or “They are not able to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
209EPH418w69ufigs-activepassiveἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ, διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν τὴν οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς1alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Because they do not know God, they cannot live the way God wants his people to live” or “They have cut themselves off from the life of God by their ignorance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
210EPH418w235ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι1alienated“cut off” or “separated”
211EPH418s1uzἄγνοιαν1ignorance“lack of knowledge” or “lack of information”
212EPH418k8qvfigs-metonymyδιὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν1because of the hardness of their heartsHere “hearts” is a metaphor for peoples minds. The phrase “hardness of their hearts” is a metaphor that means “stubbornness.” Alternate translation: “because they are stubborn” or “because they refuse to listen to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
213EPH419ldy8figs-metaphorἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ1have handed themselves over to sensualityPaul speaks of these people as if they were objects that they themselves were giving to other people, and he speaks of the way they want to satisfy their physical desires as if it were the person to whom they give themselves. Alternate translation: “only want to satisfy their physical desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214EPH420e5vkὑμεῖς δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἐμάθετε τὸν Χριστόν1But that is not how you learned about ChristThe word “that” refers to the way the Gentiles live, as described in [Ephesians 4:17-19](./17.md). This emphasizes that what the believers learned about Christ was the opposite of that. Alternate translation: “But what you learned about Christ was not like that”
215EPH421hy7rfigs-ironyεἴ γε αὐτὸν ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε1I assume that you have heard…and that you were taughtPaul knows that the Ephesians have heard and been taught. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
216EPH421b3pnfigs-activepassiveἐν αὐτῷ ἐδιδάχθητε1you were taught in himPossible meanings are 1) “Jesus people have taught you” or 2) “someone has taught you because you are Jesus people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
217EPH421gdz6καθώς ἐστιν ἀλήθεια ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ1as the truth is in Jesus“as everything about Jesus is true”
218EPH422h1hafigs-metaphorἀποθέσθαι ὑμᾶς κατὰ τὴν προτέραν ἀναστροφὴν1to put off what belongs to your former manner of lifePaul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living according to your former manner of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219EPH422j7n7figs-metaphorἀποθέσθαι…τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον1to put off the old manPaul is speaking of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. Alternate translation: “to stop living as your former self did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220EPH422d3j6τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον1old manThe “old man” refers to the “old nature” or “former self.”
221EPH422qw3dfigs-metaphorτὸν φθειρόμενον κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς ἀπάτης1that is corrupt because of its deceitful desiresPaul speaks of the sinful human nature as if it were a dead body falling apart in its grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
222EPH423jy7hfigs-activepassiveἀνανεοῦσθαι…τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν1to be renewed in the spirit of your mindsThis may be translated with an active form. Alternate translation: “to allow God to change your attitudes and thoughts” or “to allow God to give you new attitudes and thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
223EPH424x41yἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότητι τῆς ἀληθείας1in true righteousness and holiness“truly righteous and holy”
224EPH425abn8ἀποθέμενοι τὸ ψεῦδος1get rid of lies“stop telling lies”
225EPH425zh2gἐσμὲν ἀλλήλων μέλη1we are members of one another“we belong to one another” or “we are members of Gods family”
226EPH426w8rwὀργίζεσθε, καὶ μὴ ἁμαρτάνετε1Be angry and do not sin“You may get angry, but do not sin” or “If you become angry, do not sin”
227EPH426ki7pfigs-metonymyὁ ἥλιος μὴ ἐπιδυέτω ἐπὶ παροργισμῷ ὑμῶν1Do not let the sun go down on your angerThe sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. Alternate translation: “You must stop being angry before night comes” or “Let go of your anger before the day ends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
228EPH427w71sμηδὲ δίδοτε τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ1Do not give an opportunity to the devil“Do not give the devil an opportunity to lead you into sin”
229EPH429f6ykλόγος σαπρὸς1filthy talkThis refers to speech that is cruel or rude.
230EPH429p9wcπρὸς οἰκοδομὴν1for building others up“for encouraging others” or “for strengthening others”
231EPH429bv8aτῆς χρείας, ἵνα δῷ χάριν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν1their needs, that your words would be helpful to those who hear you“their needs. In this way you will help those who hear you”
232EPH430air6μὴ λυπεῖτε1do not grieve“do not distress” or “do not upset”
233EPH430pgk9figs-metaphorἐν ᾧ ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως1for it is by him that you were sealed for the day of redemptionThe Holy Spirit assures believers that God will redeem them. Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a mark that God puts on believers to show that he owns them. Alternate translation: “for he is the seal that assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” or “for he is the one who assures you that God will redeem you on the day of redemption” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
234EPH431b72p0Connecting Statement:Paul finishes his instructions on what believers should not do and ends with what they must do.
235EPH431v576figs-metaphorπᾶσα πικρία, καὶ θυμὸς, καὶ ὀργὴ…ἀρθήτω1Put away all bitterness, rage, anger“Put away” here is a metaphor for not continuing to have certain attitudes or behaviors. Alternate translation: “You must not allow these things to be part of your life: bitterness, rage, anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236EPH431t1gjθυμὸς1rageintense anger
237EPH432ygw4γίνεσθε…χρηστοί1Be kind“Instead, be kind”
238EPH432w7tkεὔσπλαγχνοι1tenderheartedbeing gentle and compassionate towards others
239EPH5introtdd20# Ephesians 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 14.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Inheritance of the kingdom of Christ<br>This is difficult to understand. Some scholars believe those who continue to practice these things will not inherit eternal life. But God can forgive all the sins listed in this verse. So immoral, impure, or greedy people can still receive eternal life if they repent and believe in Jesus. A more natural reading is “No person who is sexually immoral or indecent, or who is greedy (for this is the same as worshiping idols) will be among Gods people over whom Christ rules as king.” (UST) (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wives, submit to your husbands<br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br>
240EPH51wus50Connecting Statement:Paul continues to tell the believers how they should and should not live as Gods children.
241EPH51jx2qγίνεσθε οὖν μιμηταὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ1Therefore be imitators of God“Therefore you should do what God does.” Therefore refers back to [Ephesians 4:32](../04/32.md) which tells why believers should imitate God, because Christ forgave believers.
242EPH51zen5figs-simileὡς τέκνα ἀγαπητά1as dearly loved childrenGod desires us to imitate or follow him since we are his children. Alternate translation: “as dearly loved children imitate their fathers” or “because you are his children and he loves you dearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
243EPH52ta41figs-metaphorπεριπατεῖτε ἐν ἀγάπῃ1walk in loveWalking is a common way to express the idea of living ones life. Alternate translation: “live a life of love” or “always love each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
244EPH52bak1προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν τῷ Θεῷ εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας1a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God“like a sweet-smelling offering and sacrifice to God”
245EPH53le5fπορνεία δὲ, καὶ ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα, ἢ πλεονεξία, μηδὲ ὀνομαζέσθω ἐν ὑμῖν1But there must not be even a suggestion among you of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or of greed“Do not do anything that would let anyone think that you are guilty of sexual immorality or any kind of impurity or greed”
246EPH53xat9ἀκαθαρσία πᾶσα1any kind of impurity“any moral uncleanness”
247EPH54utm5ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον εὐχαριστία1Instead there should be thanksgiving“Instead you should thank God”
248EPH55vb16figs-metaphorκληρονομίαν1inheritanceReceiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249EPH56px7pκενοῖς λόγοις1empty wordswords that have no truth to them
250EPH58wy9dfigs-metaphorἦτε γάρ ποτε σκότος1For you were once darknessJust as one cannot see in the dark, so people who love to sin lack spiritual understanding. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251EPH58iw4qfigs-metaphorνῦν δὲ φῶς ἐν Κυρίῳ1but now you are light in the LordJust as one can see in the light, so people whom God has saved understand how to please God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
252EPH58l6kifigs-metaphorὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε1Walk as children of lightWalking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. Alternate translation: “Live as people who understand what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253EPH59q194figs-metaphorὁ…καρπὸς τοῦ φωτὸς ἐν πάσῃ ἀγαθωσύνῃ, καὶ δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ ἀληθείᾳ1the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness, and truth“Fruit” here is a metaphor for “result” or “outcome.” Alternate translation: “the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254EPH511zdu1figs-metaphorμὴ συνκοινωνεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις τοῦ σκότους1Do not associate with the unfruitful works of darknessPaul speaks of the useless, sinful things that unbelievers do as if they are evil deeds people do in the dark so no one will see them. Alternate translation: “Do not do useless, sinful things with unbelievers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
255EPH511v4d1figs-metaphorἔργοις τοῖς ἀκάρποις1unfruitful worksactions that do nothing good, useful, or profitable. Paul is comparing evil actions to an unhealthy tree that produces nothing good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
256EPH511hpl2figs-metaphorἐλέγχετε1expose themSpeaking against the works of darkness is spoken of as bringing them out into the light so that people can see them. Alternate translation: “bring them out into the light” or “uncover them” or “show and tell people how wrong these actions are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
257EPH513sp1z0General Information:It is unknown if this quotation is a combination of quotations from the prophet Isaiah or a quotation from a hymn sung by the believers.
258EPH513vqi7figs-metaphorπᾶν…τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν1anything that becomes visible is light“people can clearly see everything that comes into the light.” Paul makes this general statement in order to imply that Gods Word shows peoples actions to be good or bad. The Bible often speaks of Gods truth as if it were light that could reveal the character of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
259EPH514z4arfigs-apostropheἔγειρε, ὁ καθεύδων, καὶ ἀνάστα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν1Awake, you sleeper, and arise from the deadPossible meanings are 1) Paul is addressing unbelievers who need to wake up from being dead spiritually just as a person who has died must come alive again in order to respond, or 2) Paul is addressing the Ephesian believers and using death as a metaphor for their spiritual weakness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260EPH514e873ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν1from the deadFrom among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. To arise from among them speaks of becoming alive again.
261EPH514ma8wfigs-youὁ καθεύδων…ἐπιφαύσει σοι1you sleeper…shine on youThese instances of “you” refer to the “sleeper” and are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
262EPH514ym6bfigs-metaphorἐπιφαύσει σοι ὁ Χριστός1Christ will shine on youChrist will enable an unbeliever to understand how evil his deeds are and how Christ will forgive him and give him new life, just as light shows what actually is there that darkness hid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
263EPH515du5nfigs-doublenegativesβλέπετε…ἀκριβῶς πῶς περιπατεῖτε, μὴ ὡς ἄσοφοι, ἀλλ’ ὡς σοφοί1Look carefully how you live—not as unwise but as wiseUnwise people do not guard themselves against sin. Wise people, however, can identify sin and flee from it. Alternate translation: “Therefore you must be careful to live as a wise person rather than a foolish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
264EPH516h8b1figs-metaphorἐξαγοραζόμενοι τὸν καιρόν1Redeem the timeUsing time wisely is spoken of as if it were redeeming the time. Alternate translation: “Do the best things you can with your time” or “Use time wisely” or “Put time to its best use” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
265EPH516lrb6figs-metonymyὅτι αἱ ἡμέραι πονηραί εἰσιν1because the days are evilThe word “days” is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate translation: “because the people around you are doing all kinds of evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
266EPH518tz9e0Connecting Statement:Paul ends his instructions on how all believers should live.
267EPH518scp1καὶ μὴ μεθύσκεσθε οἴνῳ1And do not get drunk with wine“You should not get drunk from drinking wine”
268EPH518lgw3ἀλλὰ πληροῦσθε ἐν Πνεύματι1Instead, be filled with the Holy Spirit“Instead, you should be controlled with the Holy Spirit”
269EPH519egk6figs-merismψαλμοῖς, καὶ ὕμνοις, καὶ ᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς1psalms and hymns and spiritual songsPossible meanings are that 1) Paul is using these words as a merism for “all sorts of songs to praise God” or 2) Paul is listing specific forms of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
270EPH519n5jjψαλμοῖς1psalmsThese are probably songs from the Old Testament book of Psalms that Christians sang.
271EPH519g5ssὕμνοις1hymnsThese are songs of praise and worship that may have been written specifically for Christians to sing.
272EPH519v9ayfigs-doubletᾠδαῖς πνευματικαῖς1spiritual songsPossible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to sing right at that moment or 2) “spiritual songs” and “hymns” are doublets and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
273EPH519v3qlfigs-metonymyτῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμῶν1with all your heartHere “heart” is a metonym for a persons thoughts or inner being. The phrase “with all your heart” means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate translation: “with all of your being” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
274EPH520e6w5ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ“because you belong to our Lord Jesus Christ” or “as people who belong to our Lord Jesus Christ”
275EPH522isd70Connecting Statement:Paul begins to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to one another ([Ephesians 5:21](../05/21.md)). He starts with instructions to wives and husbands on how they should act toward each other.
276EPH523x637figs-metaphorκεφαλὴ τῆς γυναικὸς…κεφαλὴ τῆς ἐκκλησίας1the head of the wife…the head of the churchThe word “head” represents the leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277EPH525sx8d0General Information:Here the words “himself” and “he” refer to Christ. The word “her” refers to the church.
278EPH525sm9eἀγαπᾶτε τὰς γυναῖκας1love your wivesHere “love” refers to unselfish serving or giving love to wives.
279EPH525i24yἑαυτὸν παρέδωκεν1gave himself up“allowed people to kill him”
280EPH525kp8kfigs-metaphorὑπὲρ αὐτῆς1for herPaul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. Alternate translation: “for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
281EPH526a9p5figs-metaphorκαθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι1having cleansed her by the washing of water with the wordPossible meanings are 1) Paul is referring to God making Christs people clean by Gods word and through water baptism in Christ or 2) Paul speaks of God making us spiritually clean from our sins by the message as if God were making our bodies clean by washing them with water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
282EPH526h6vxfigs-metaphorαὐτὴν ἁγιάσῃ, καθαρίσας1make her holy…cleansed herPaul speaks of the assembly of believers as though it were a woman whom Jesus will marry. Alternate translation: “make us holy…cleansed us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283EPH527d1smfigs-metaphorμὴ ἔχουσαν σπίλον, ἢ ῥυτίδα1without stain or wrinklePaul speaks of the church as though it were a garment that is clean and in good condition. He uses the same idea in two ways to emphasize the churchs purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
284EPH527jvi4figs-doubletἁγία καὶ ἄμωμος1holy and without faultThe phrase “without fault” means basically the same thing as “holy.” Paul uses the two together to emphasize the churchs purity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
285EPH528wp8bfigs-explicitὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα1as their own bodiesThat people love their own bodies may be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “as husbands love their own bodies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
286EPH529h5aaἀλλὰ ἐκτρέφει1but nourishes“but feeds”
287EPH530h44ffigs-metaphorμέλη ἐσμὲν τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ1we are members of his bodyHere Paul speaks of the close union of believers with Christ as if they were part of his own body, for which he would naturally care. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288EPH531yp230General Information:The quotation is from the writings of Moses in the Old Testament.
289EPH531yp240General Information:The words “his” and “himself” refer to a male believer who marries.
290EPH6intror7c30# Ephesians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Slavery<br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches about working to please God whether as a slave or as a master. What Paul teaches here about slavery would have been surprising. In his time, masters were not expected to treat their slaves with respect and not threaten them.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Armor of God<br>This extended metaphor describes how Christians can protect themselves when spiritually attacked. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
291EPH61wq46figs-you0General Information:The first word “your” is plural. Then Paul quotes Moses. Moses was talking to the people of Israel as though they were one person, so “your” and “you” are singular. You may need to translate them as plurals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
292EPH61jf170Connecting Statement:Paul continues to explain how Christians are to submit themselves to each other. He gives instructions to children, fathers, workers, and masters.
293EPH61ev8mτὰ τέκνα, ὑπακούετε τοῖς γονεῦσιν ὑμῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ1Children, obey your parents in the LordPaul reminds children to obey their physical parents.
294EPH64bb7gμὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν1do not provoke your children to anger“do not make your children angry” or “do not cause your children to be angry”
295EPH64ytg5figs-abstractnounsἐκτρέφετε αὐτὰ ἐν παιδείᾳ καὶ νουθεσίᾳ Κυρίου1raise them in the discipline and instruction of the LordThe abstract nouns “discipline” and “instruction” can be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “teach them to become adults by making sure that they know and do what the Lord wants them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
296EPH65r29dὑπακούετε1be obedient to“obey.” This is a command.
297EPH65s1pqfigs-doubletφόβου καὶ τρόμου1deep respect and tremblingThe phrase “deep respect and trembling” uses two similar ideas to emphasize the importance of honoring their masters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
298EPH65z6xxfigs-hyperboleκαὶ τρόμου1and tremblingHere “trembling” is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that slaves obey their masters. Alternate translation: “and fear” or “as though you were shaking with fear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
299EPH65pd6zfigs-metonymyἐν ἁπλότητι τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν1in the honesty of your heartHere “heart” is a metonym for a persons mind or intentions. Alternate translation: “with honesty” or “with sincerity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
300EPH66l9veὡς δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ1as slaves of ChristServe your earthly master as though your earthly master were Christ himself.
301EPH66u5fnfigs-metonymyἐκ ψυχῆς1from your heartHere “heart” is a metonym for “thoughts” or “intentions.” Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or “enthusiastically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
302EPH67h45yfigs-metonymyμετ’ εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες1Serve with all your heartHere “heart” is a metonym for “thoughts” or “inner being.” Alternate translation: “Serve with all of your being” or “Be completely dedicated when you serve” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
303EPH69i85sτὰ αὐτὰ ποιεῖτε πρὸς αὐτούς1treat your slaves in the same way“you also must treat your slaves well” or “just as slaves must do good to their masters, you also must do good to your slaves” ([Ephesians 6:5](../06/05.md))
304EPH69wii4εἰδότες ὅτι καὶ αὐτῶν καὶ ὑμῶν ὁ Κύριός ἐστιν ἐν οὐρανοῖς1You know that he who is both their Master and yours is in heaven“You know that Christ is the Master of both slaves and their masters, and that he is in heaven”
305EPH69r9ueπροσωπολημψία οὐκ ἔστιν παρ’ αὐτῷ1there is no favoritism with him“he judges everyone the same way”
306EPH610t5th0Connecting Statement:Paul gives instructions to make believers strong in this battle we live for God.
307EPH610e4mgτῷ κράτει τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ1the strength of his might“his great power.” See how “the strength of his power” is translated near the end of [Ephesians 1:21](../01/21.md).
308EPH611n8x8figs-metaphorἐνδύσασθε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, πρὸς τὸ δύνασθαι ὑμᾶς στῆναι πρὸς τὰς μεθοδίας τοῦ διαβόλου1Put on the whole armor of God, so that you may be able to stand against the scheming plans of the devilChristians should use all the resources God gives to stand firmly against the devil just as a soldier puts on armor to protect himself from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
309EPH611ra3yτὰς μεθοδίας1the scheming plans“the tricky plans”
310EPH612d7befigs-synecdocheαἷμα καὶ σάρκα1flesh and bloodThis expression refers to people, not spirits who do not have human bodies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
311EPH612ftu4figs-explicit πρὸς τοὺς κοσμοκράτορας τοῦ σκότους τούτου1against the powers over this present darknessHere it is implied that “the powers” refers to powerful spiritual beings. Here “darkness” is a metaphor for things that are evil. Alternate translation: “against the powerful spiritual beings that rule over people during this present evil time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
312EPH613jrn9figs-metaphorδιὰ τοῦτο, ἀναλάβετε τὴν πανοπλίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ1Therefore put on the whole armor of GodChristians should use the protective resources God gives them in fighting the devil in the same way a soldier puts on armor to protect himself against his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
313EPH613cy9hfigs-metaphorἵνα δυνηθῆτε ἀντιστῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πονηρᾷ1so that you may be able to stand in this time of evilThe words “stand firm” represent successfully resisting or fighting something. Alternate translation: “so that you may be able to resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
314EPH614r5m7figs-metaphorστῆτε οὖν1Stand, thereforeThe words “stand” represents successfully resisting or fighting something. See how you translated “stand firm” in [Ephesians 6:13](../06/13.md). “So resist evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
315EPH614lbd4figs-metaphorτὴν ὀσφὺν ὑμῶν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ1the belt of truthTruth holds everything together for a believer just as a belt holds the clothing of a soldier together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
316EPH614zt21ἀληθείᾳ…δικαιοσύνης1truth…righteousnessWe are to know the truth and act in ways that please God.
317EPH614ij1qfigs-metaphorτὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης1the breastplate of righteousnessPossible meanings are 1) the gift of righteousness covers a believers heart just as a breastplate protects the chest of a soldier or 2) our living as God wants us, gives us a clear conscience that protects our hearts the way a breastplate protects a soldiers chest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
318EPH615f6w1figs-metaphorκαὶ ὑποδησάμενοι τοὺς πόδας ἐν ἑτοιμασίᾳ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τῆς εἰρήνης1Then as shoes for your feet, put on the readiness to proclaim the gospel of peaceJust as a soldier wears shoes to give him solid footing, the believer must have solid knowledge of the gospel of peace in order to be ready to proclaim it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
319EPH616n65cfigs-metaphorἐν πᾶσιν ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως1In all circumstances take up the shield of faithThe believer must use the faith that God gives for protection when the devil attacks, just as a soldier uses a shield to protect him from enemy attacks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320EPH616djl5figs-metaphorτὰ βέλη τοῦ πονηροῦ πεπυρωμένα1the flaming arrows of the evil oneThe attacks of the devil against a believer are like flaming arrows shot at a soldier by an enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321EPH617g2kwfigs-metaphorτὴν περικεφαλαίαν τοῦ σωτηρίου δέξασθε1take the helmet of salvationSalvation given by God protects the believers mind just as a helmet protects the head of a soldier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
322EPH617c191figs-metaphorτὴν…μάχαιραν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα Θεοῦ1the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of GodThe writer speaks of Gods instructions to his people as if they were a sword that his people could use to fight an enemy, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
323EPH618mu4wδιὰ πάσης προσευχῆς καὶ δεήσεως, προσευχόμενοι ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ ἐν Πνεύματι1With every prayer and request, pray at all times in the Spirit“Pray at all times in the Spirit as you pray and make specific requests”
324EPH618g1i7εἰς αὐτὸ1To this end“For this reason” or “Keeping this in mind.” This refers to the attitude of taking Gods armor.
325EPH618i5hmἀγρυπνοῦντες ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει καὶ δεήσει περὶ πάντων τῶν ἁγίων1be watching with all perseverance, as you offer prayers for all the saints“persevere in being alert, and pray for all Gods holy people” or “pray with constant alertness for all the believers”
326EPH619rm1h0Connecting Statement:In his closing, Paul asks them to pray for his boldness in telling the gospel while he is in prison and says he is sending Tychicus to comfort them.
327EPH619j135figs-activepassiveἵνα μοι δοθῇ λόγος1that a message might be given to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God might give me the word” or “God might give me the message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
328EPH619jv6jἐν ἀνοίξει τοῦ στόματός μου, ἐν παρρησίᾳ γνωρίσαι1when I open my mouth. Pray that I might make known with boldness“when I speak. Pray that I boldly explain”
329EPH619gu1nfigs-idiomἀνοίξει τοῦ στόματός μου1open my mouthThis is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
330EPH620wx9kfigs-metonymyὑπὲρ οὗ πρεσβεύω ἐν ἁλύσει1It is for the gospel that I am an ambassador who is kept in chainsThe words “in chains” are a metonym for being in prison. Alternate translation: “I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
331EPH620pmm2figs-explicitἵνα ἐν αὐτῷ παρρησιάσωμαι, ὡς δεῖ με λαλῆσαι1so that I may declare it boldly, as I ought to speakThe word “pray” is understood from verse 19. Alternate translation: “so pray that whenever I teach the gospel, I will speak it as boldly as I should” or “pray that I may speak the gospel as boldly as I should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
332EPH621cxs9translate-namesΤυχικὸς1TychicusTychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
333EPH622nv5mfigs-metonymyἵνα…παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν1so that he may encourage your heartsHere “hearts” is a metonym for peoples inner beings. Alternate translation: “so that he may encourage you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
334EPH623j3950Connecting Statement:Paul closes his letter to the Ephesian believers with a blessing of peace and grace on all believers who love Christ.