unfoldingWord_en_tn/en_tn_31-OBA.tsv

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2OBAfrontintrojrz80# Introduction to Obadiah<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Obadiah<br><br>1. Yahweh will judge Edom (1:1-16)<br>- Yahweh will destroy Edom (1:19)<br>- Why Yahweh will destroy Edom (1:1014)<br>1. Yahweh will judge the nations (1:1516)<br>1. Yahweh will deliver his people (1:1721)<br><br>### What is the Book of Obadiah about?<br><br>After Babylon destroyed Jerusalem, the Edomites captured fleeing Jews. Then they gave these Jews over to Babylon. The Book of Obadiah is about Yahweh judging the Edomites for harming his people. This book would be comforting to the exiled people of Judah.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>This book is traditionally titled “The Book of Obadiah” or just “Obadiah.” Translators may decide to use a clearer title such as “The Sayings of Obadiah.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Obadiah?<br><br>The prophet Obadiah probably wrote this book. We know nothing more about Obadiah. His name in Hebrew means “Servant of Yahweh.”<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was Edoms relationship to Israel?<br><br>Obadiah referred to Edom as Israels brother. This is because the Edomites descended from Esau, and the Israelites descended from Jacob. Jacob and Esau were brothers. This made Edom betraying Israel much worse.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How do I translate the concept of “pride”?<br><br>The Book of Obadiah speaks of the pride of Edom. This meant that the Edomites thought their enemies or Yahweh could not defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/proud]])<br>
3OBA11xm1wחֲז֖וֹן עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה1The vision of ObadiahThis is the title of the book. Here “vision” is used in the general sense of a message from Yahweh, rather than to indicate how Obadiah received the message. Alternate translation: “The message of Obadiah” or “The prophesy of Obadiah”
4OBA11sv9xכֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨⁠י יְהוִ֜ה לֶ⁠אֱד֗וֹם1The Lord Yahweh says this concerning EdomThis tells the reader that the entire book is a message about Edom.
5OBA11s7ifיְהוִ֜ה1YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6OBA11r27rfigs-activepassiveוְ⁠צִיר֙…שֻׁלָּ֔ח1an ambassador has been sentThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has sent an ambassador” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7OBA11pez6ק֛וּמוּ1Rise up“Stand up.” This phrase is used to tell people to get ready.
8OBA11c9e2figs-metonymyוְ⁠נָק֥וּמָה עָלֶי⁠הָ1rise up against herHere “her” refers to Edom. This is a metonym for the people of Edom, so it could also be translated as “them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9OBA12cc3hהִנֵּ֥ה…נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ1Behold, I will make youBeginning in verse 2, Obadiah records the words that Yahweh speaks directly to Edom.
10OBA12npn6הִנֵּ֥ה1BeholdThis alerts the reader to pay special attention to what follows. Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
11OBA12l6dcfigs-parallelismקָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם בָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽ1I will make you small among the nations, you will be greatly despisedThese two phrases mean similar things and are used to emphasize that Edom will lose its important status. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
12OBA12ec8mfigs-metaphorקָטֹ֛ן נְתַתִּ֖י⁠ךָ בַּ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם1I will make you small among the nationsSomething that is insignificant is spoken of as if it is of small size, and can easily be overlooked. Alternate translation: “I will make you insignificant among the nations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13OBA12ch1ufigs-activepassiveבָּז֥וּי אַתָּ֖ה מְאֹֽד1you will be greatly despisedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of other nations will hate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14OBA13i96n0General Information:Obadiahs vision concerning Edom continues.
15OBA13qpw7figs-metonymyזְד֤וֹן לִבְּ⁠ךָ֙ הִשִּׁיאֶ֔⁠ךָ1The pride of your heart has deceived youThe “heart” was associated with emotions. The Edomites pride caused them to be deceived about their security. Alternate translation: “Your pride has deceived you” or “Your pride causes you think you are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16OBA13q6szבְ⁠חַגְוֵי־סֶּ֖לַע1in the clefts of the rock“in the cracks in the rock.” This here has the sense of a place that is protected because it is surrounded by rocks.
17OBA13k9swמְר֣וֹם שִׁבְתּ֑⁠וֹ1in your lofty home“in your home that was built in a high place”
18OBA13r5zjfigs-idiomאֹמֵ֣ר בְּ⁠לִבּ֔⁠וֹ1say in your heartHere “in your heart” is an idiom that means “to yourself.” Alternate translation: “say to yourselves” or “think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19OBA13i2hxfigs-rquestionמִ֥י יוֹרִדֵ֖⁠נִי אָֽרֶץ1Who will bring me down to the ground?This question expresses that the Edomites were proud and felt safe. Alternate translation: “No one can bring me down to the ground.” or “I am safe from all attackers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20OBA14xn9ffigs-hyperboleאִם־תַּגְבִּ֣יהַּ כַּ⁠נֶּ֔שֶׁר וְ⁠אִם־בֵּ֥ין כּֽוֹכָבִ֖ים שִׂ֣ים קִנֶּ֑⁠ךָ1Though you soar high like the eagle and though your nest is set among the starsBoth of these exaggerations say that Edom is built in a very high place by saying it is built much higher than possible. Alternate translation: “And I tell you that even if you had wings and could fly higher than eagles fly, and if you could make your homes among the stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
21OBA14bbu3figs-idiomמִ⁠שָּׁ֥ם אוֹרִֽידְ⁠ךָ֖1I will bring you down from therePride is associated with height while humility is associated with being low. To “bring down” is an idiom that means to humble someone. Alternate translation: “I will humble you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22OBA15y8jh0General Information:Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom.
23OBA15w86vfigs-rquestionאִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙…הֲ⁠ל֥וֹא יִגְנְב֖וּ דַּיָּ֑⁠ם1If thieves came to you…would they not steal only as much as they needed?This question is used to imply that Yahwehs punishment of Edom would be worse than what thieves would do when they steal. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “If thieves came to you…they would only steal as much as they needed, but I will take everything from you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24OBA15q1pgfigs-hendiadysאִם־גַּנָּבִ֤ים בָּאֽוּ־לְ⁠ךָ֙ אִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה1If thieves came to you, if robbers came by nightThese two phrases mean the same thing and are used to emphasize people who steal. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “When thieves break into someones house during the night” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
25OBA15w64vאִם־שׁ֣וֹדְדֵי לַ֔יְלָה1if robbers came by night“or if robbers came during the night”
26OBA15mt7zשׁ֣וֹדְדֵי1robberspeople who steal things from other people
27OBA15b93fאֵ֣יךְ נִדְמֵ֔יתָה1how you will be ruined!Yahweh adds this phrase in the middle of another sentence to express that the punishment of Edom is shocking. Alternate translation: “you are completely destroyed!”
28OBA15k12cfigs-rquestionאִם־בֹּֽצְרִים֙ בָּ֣אוּ לָ֔⁠ךְ הֲ⁠ל֖וֹא יַשְׁאִ֥ירוּ עֹלֵלֽוֹת1If grape gatherers came to you, would they not leave the gleanings?This question is used to imply that Yahwehs punishment of Edom would be more thorough than what grape gatherers would do when they harvest grapes. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “If grape gatherers came to you, they would leave some grapes, but I will take everything from you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29OBA16zsf7figs-activepassiveאֵ֚יךְ נֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ עֵשָׂ֔ו נִבְע֖וּ מַצְפֻּנָֽי⁠ו1How Esau has been ransacked, his hidden treasures will be searched outThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Ah, enemies have stolen everything from Esau; they have found his hidden treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30OBA16m9p3עֵשָׂ֔ו1EsauThe people of Edom were the descendants of Esau. Therefore, in this book “Edom” and “Esau” refer to the same group of people.
31OBA16lf9tנֶחְפְּשׂ֣וּ1has been ransackedThis means the enemies have search through Esaus things, taken everything valuable, and left everything else in a mess or damaged.
32OBA17xk3q0General Information:Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom.
33OBA17a612כֹּ֚ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ…אַנְשֵׁ֣י שְׁלֹמֶ֑⁠ךָ לַחְמְ⁠ךָ֗1All the men of your alliance…The men who were at peace with you…They who eat your breadAll three of these phrases refer to Edoms allies.
34OBA17n3t6בְרִיתֶ֔⁠ךָ1your allianceThe word “your” refers to the nation of Edom.
35OBA17cr88עַֽד־הַ⁠גְּב֣וּל שִׁלְּח֗וּ⁠ךָ1will send you on your way to the border“will send you out of their land.” The people of Edom will try to take refuge in the land of their allies, but their allies will not let the people of Edom stay in their land.
36OBA17rc1iאֵ֥ין תְּבוּנָ֖ה בּֽ⁠וֹ1There is no understanding in him.Possible meanings are 1) the allies say this about Edom. Alternate translation: “They say, Edom does not understand anything.’” or 2) this is a statement about the betrayal of the allies. Alternate translation: “No one can understand why they did this.”
37OBA18i4rgfigs-rquestionהֲ⁠ל֛וֹא בַּ⁠יּ֥וֹם הַ⁠ה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְ⁠הַאֲבַדְתִּ֤י חֲכָמִים֙ מֵֽ⁠אֱד֔וֹם וּ⁠תְבוּנָ֖ה מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו1Will I not on that day,” says Yahweh, “destroy…mountain of Esau?Yahweh uses this question to emphasize the certainty of the destruction of Edom. Alternate translation: “On that day, says Yahweh, I surely will destroy…mountain of Esau.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
38OBA18z8tfמֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָֽׂו1the mountain of EsauMost of the land of Esau was mountains, so this is one way of referring to the land of Edom.
39OBA19e7d9וְ⁠חַתּ֥וּ גִבּוֹרֶ֖י⁠ךָ1Your mighty men will be dismayed“Your strong warriors will be afraid”
40OBA19qvg3translate-namesתֵּימָ֑ן1TemanThis is the name of a region in the land of Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
41OBA19ljv4figs-activepassiveלְמַ֧עַן יִכָּֽרֶת־אִ֛ישׁ מֵ⁠הַ֥ר עֵשָׂ֖ו מִ⁠קָּֽטֶל1so that every man may be cut off from the mountain of Esau by slaughterThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that there will be no more people in the mountains of Esau because enemies killed them” or “so that they will slaughter every person in the mountain of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
42OBA19q6s7יִכָּֽרֶת1be cut off“be destroyed”
43OBA110ypi30General Information:Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom.
44OBA110ui6gfigs-metonymyאָחִ֥י⁠ךָ יַעֲקֹ֖ב1your brother JacobHere “Jacob” represents his descendants. Because Jacob was the brother of Esau, the people of Edom are spoken of as if they were the brothers of the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: “your relatives who are the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
45OBA110f8g6figs-idiomתְּכַסְּ⁠ךָ֣ בוּשָׁ֑ה1you will be covered with shameTo be covered with something is an idiom for fully experiencing it. Alternate translation: “you will be completely ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
46OBA110a113figs-activepassiveוְ⁠נִכְרַ֖תָּ לְ⁠עוֹלָֽם1will be cut off foreverThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will never exist again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
47OBA111w6hjעֲמָֽדְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠נֶּ֔גֶד1stood aloof“watched and did nothing to help”
48OBA111s38yזָרִ֖ים1strangerspeople from other nations
49OBA111rtj8חֵיל֑⁠1his wealthThe word “his” refers to “Jacob,” which is another way of referring to the people of Israel.
50OBA111i8srfigs-explicitוְ⁠עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֔ל1cast lots for JerusalemThis phrase means “they cast lots to decide who would get the valuable things that they took from Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51OBA111s4y1figs-explicitגַּם־אַתָּ֖ה כְּ⁠אַחַ֥ד מֵ⁠הֶֽם1you were like one of them“it was as though you were one of these strangers and foreigners.” This implies that they did not help the Israelites. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “you were like one of the enemies and did not help Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
52OBA112axp90General Information:Yahweh continues giving Obadiah his message to Edom. Verses 12-14 consist of a series of negative commands that Yahweh gives to tell the people of Edom how not to treat the Israelites.
53OBA112e7cdוְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֤רֶא1do not gloat over“do not be happy because of” or “do not take pleasure in”
54OBA112q8mdבְ⁠יוֹם־אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙1your brothers dayHere “your brother” refers to the people of Israel because Jacob and Esau were brothers.
55OBA112b6h1בְּ⁠י֣וֹם נָכְר֔⁠וֹ1the day of his misfortune“the time at which bad things happen to him”
56OBA112f7ltבְּ⁠י֣וֹם1the dayEach of the several occurrences of “day” refer to the time when Babylon attacked and destroyed Jerusalem.
57OBA112lxg7בְּ⁠י֣וֹם אָבְדָ֑⁠ם1in the day of their destruction“at the time when their enemies destroy them”
58OBA112b8alבְּ⁠י֥וֹם צָרָֽה1in the day of their distress“at the time when they suffer”
59OBA113wg54אֵידָ֔⁠ם…בְּ⁠רָעָת֖⁠וֹ1calamity…disaster…ruinThese are all different translations of the same word. If your language has one word that can translate all three of these ideas, you could use it here.
60OBA113f9q3בְּ⁠רָעָת֖⁠וֹ1over their affliction“because of the bad things that happen to them”
61OBA113jz38וְ⁠אַל־תִּשְׁלַ֥חְנָה בְ⁠חֵיל֖⁠וֹ1do not loot their wealth“do not take their wealth” “or “do not steal their wealth”
62OBA114ixs7הַ⁠פֶּ֔רֶק1crossroadsa place where two roads come together
63OBA114p7i1לְ⁠הַכְרִ֖ית אֶת־פְּלִיטָ֑י⁠ו1to cut down his fugitives“to kill the people of Israel who are trying to escape” or “to catch those who were trying to escape”
64OBA114qdx9וְ⁠אַל־תַּסְגֵּ֥ר שְׂרִידָ֖י⁠ו1do not deliver up his survivors“do not capture those who are still alive and give them to their enemies”
65OBA115bb230General Information:Yahweh concludes his message to Edom in verse 15. In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom.
66OBA115fa9mכִּֽי־קָר֥וֹב יוֹם־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔⁠ךְ גְּמֻלְ⁠ךָ֖ יָשׁ֥וּב בְּ⁠רֹאשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ1For the day of Yahweh is near…will return on your own headBible experts are not certain whether verse 15 goes with verse 14 as the end of the previous section, or goes with verse 16 as the beginning of the new section.
67OBA115e5t7כִּֽי־קָר֥וֹב יוֹם־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֑ם1For the day of Yahweh is near upon all the nations“Soon the time will come when Yahweh will show all the nations that he is Lord”
68OBA115rd8gfigs-activepassiveכַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ יֵעָ֣שֶׂה לָּ֔⁠ךְ1As you have done, it will be done to youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will do to you the same things that you did to others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
69OBA115djk9figs-idiomגְּמֻלְ⁠ךָ֖ יָשׁ֥וּב בְּ⁠רֹאשֶֽׁ⁠ךָ1your deeds will return on your own headHere “return on your own head” means they will be punished for those things. Alternate translation: “you will suffer the consequences for the things you have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
70OBA116nf6sשְׁתִיתֶם֙1For as youThe word “you” is plural and probably refers to the people of Judah.
71OBA116fu2yfigs-metaphorכִּ֗י כַּֽ⁠אֲשֶׁ֤ר שְׁתִיתֶם֙1as you have drunkThe punishment that Judah received from the enemy nations is spoken of as if a bitter liquid that they drank. Alternate translation: “as you have drunk suffering” or “as I have punished you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72OBA116ujj9הַ֣ר קָדְשִׁ֔⁠י1my holy mountainThis was a way of referring to Jerusalem.
73OBA116qz7pfigs-metaphorיִשְׁתּ֥וּ כָֽל־הַ⁠גּוֹיִ֖ם תָּמִ֑יד1so will all the nations drink continuallyYahwehs punishment of the other nations is spoken of as if it was a bitter liquid that he will cause them to drink continually. Alternate translation: “so all the nations will drink in suffering continually” or “so I will punish all of the nations without stopping” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
74OBA116a8v3figs-metaphorוְ⁠שָׁת֣וּ וְ⁠לָע֔וּ וְ⁠הָי֖וּ כְּ⁠ל֥וֹא הָיֽוּ1They will drink and swallow and it will be as though they had never existedYahweh continues the metaphor of drinking punishment. Here “swallow” expresses that they will fully experience the punishment, with the result that it will destroy them completely. Alternate translation: “They will drink in my punishment fully until they cease to exist” or “I will continue to punish them fully until I completely destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
75OBA117zi690General Information:In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom.
76OBA117cc36figs-explicitפְלֵיטָ֖ה1those that escapeThese are the people of Jerusalem that are still alive after Yahweh has finished punishing the city. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “some of the Israelites who escape the punishment of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
77OBA117y9pzוְ⁠הָ֣יָה קֹ֑דֶשׁ1it will be holyThe word “it” refers to “mount Zion.”
78OBA117b4shfigs-metonymyבֵּ֣ית יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב1the house of JacobThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Jacobs descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
79OBA118rm2efigs-metaphorוְ⁠הָיָה֩ בֵית־יַעֲקֹ֨ב אֵ֜שׁ וּ⁠בֵ֧ית יוֹסֵ֣ף לֶהָבָ֗ה1house of Jacob will be a fire…Joseph a flameYahweh speaks of the houses of Jacob and Joseph as if they were fire because they will destroy Esau like a fire that quickly and completely burns up straw. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80OBA118hj8xלְ⁠קַ֔שׁ1stubbleThe dry pieces of plants that are left in the ground after the stalks have been cut.
81OBA118bte3וְ⁠דָלְק֥וּ1and theyThe word “they” refers to the house of Jacob and the house of Joseph.
82OBA118jk84וְ⁠דָלְק֥וּ בָ⁠הֶ֖ם1will burn themThe word “them” refers to the descendants of Esau, who are the nation of Edom.
83OBA118wf4eוְ⁠לֹֽא־יִֽהְיֶ֤ה שָׂרִיד֙ לְ⁠בֵ֣ית עֵשָׂ֔ו1There will be no survivors to the house of Esau“Not one person of the house of Esau will survive”
84OBA118yt8jfigs-metonymyלְ⁠בֵ֣ית עֵשָׂ֔ו1the house of EsauThe word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house. In this case it refers to Esaus descendants. Alternate translation: “descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
85OBA118c5jrכִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר1for Yahweh has spoken itThis is an oath formula that means it will certainly happen because Yahweh said it.
86OBA119d2410General Information:In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom.
87OBA119ep84וְ⁠יָרְשׁ֨וּ הַ⁠נֶּ֜גֶב אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֗ו1Those from the Negev will possess the mount of Esau“The Israelites in the Negev will take the land of the Edomites”
88OBA119m7qkוְ⁠הַ⁠שְּׁפֵלָה֙1those of the ShepelahThis refers to Israelites in the western foothills of Israel who will capture the land of the Philistines in battle.
89OBA119x15uוְ⁠יָרְשׁוּ֙1They will possessHere “They” appears to refer to the people of Israel in general.
90OBA119gup4וּ⁠בִנְיָמִ֖ן1Benjamin will possess“the tribe of Benjamin will possess” or “the descendants of Benjamin will possess”
91OBA120b7al1General Information:In verses 16-21, Yahweh speaks through Obadiah to tell the people of Judah that they will possess the land of Edom.
92OBA120xw8xוְ⁠גָלֻ֣ת הַֽ⁠חֵל־הַ֠⁠זֶּה לִ⁠בְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל1The exiles of this host of the people of IsraelPossible meanings are 1) this refers to the exiles taken to Assyria from the northern kingdom of Israel or 2) this refers to the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem and were taken to exile in Babylon.
93OBA120t8hmהַֽ⁠חֵל1hosta very large group of people
94OBA120r8cntranslate-namesעַד־צָ֣רְפַ֔ת1as far as ZarephathZarephath was a Phoenician city north of Israel on the coast of the Mediterranean between Tyre and Sidon. Alternate translation: “as far north as Zarephath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
95OBA120u5t1וְ⁠גָלֻ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם1The exiles of JerusalemThis group is contrasted with either the Israelites from the northern kingdom, or with the people of Judah who lived outside of Jerusalem.
96OBA120x6yttranslate-namesבִּ⁠סְפָרַ֑ד1SepharadThis is the name of a place whose location is unknown. Some experts suggest it refers to the city of Sardis in the region of Lydia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
97OBA121j7nfוְ⁠עָל֤וּ מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙ בְּ⁠הַ֣ר צִיּ֔וֹן לִ⁠שְׁפֹּ֖ט אֶת־הַ֣ר עֵשָׂ֑ו1Deliverers will go up to Mount Zion to rule over the hill country of Esau“Deliverers will go up to Jerusalem and rule over Edom from there”
98OBA121hyg2מֽוֹשִׁעִים֙1DeliverersPossible meanings are 1) this refers to various Israelite military leaders whom God will use to defeat the nation of Edom or 2) the text should read “Those who will be delivered” and refers to the returning Jewish exiles.
99OBA121wy7xוְ⁠הָיְתָ֥ה לַֽ⁠יהוָ֖ה הַ⁠מְּלוּכָֽה1the kingdom will belong to YahwehThis phrase emphasizes that Yahweh will personally rule over the kingdom. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will be their king”