Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
1PE	front	intro	c1uv			0		# Introduction to 1 Peter\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 1 Peter\n\n1. Introduction (1:1–2)\n2. Praise for God’s salvation of the believers (1:3–2:10)\n3. Proper Christian behavior (2:11–4:11)\n4. Encouragement to persevere when suffering (4:12–5:11)\n5. Closing (5:12–14)\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 1 Peter?\n\nThe Book of 1 Peter was written by the Apostle Peter. He wrote the letter to Gentile Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/peter]])\n\n### What is the Book of 1 Peter about?\n\nPeter wrote this letter to encourage Gentile Christians who were being persecuted and to exhort them to stand firm in “the true grace of God” ([5:12](../05/12.md)).\n\nPeter told his readers how they should act in the midst of a society that hated them. He encouraged Christians to continue obeying God even when they are suffering. He told them to do this because Jesus will return soon. Peter also instructed Christians about submitting to persons in authority.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title “1 Peter” or “First Peter.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The First Letter from Peter” or “The First Letter Peter Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### How were Christians treated in Rome?\n\nPeter was probably in Rome when he wrote this letter. He gave Rome the symbolic name of “Babylon” (5:13). It appears that when Peter wrote this letter, Romans were severely persecuting Christians.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Singular and plural “you”\n\nIn this book, the word “I” refers to Peter, except for two places: [1 Peter 1:16](../01/16.md) and [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md). The word “you” is always plural and refers to Peter’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])\n\n### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Peter?\n\n“You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth. This was for the purpose of sincere brotherly love; so love one another earnestly from the heart” (1:22). The ULT, UST, and most other modern versions read this way. Some older versions read, “You made your souls pure by obedience to the truth through the Spirit for the purpose of sincere brotherly love, so love one another earnestly from the heart.”\n\nIf a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.\n\n(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1PE	1	intro	ql4i			0		# 1 Peter 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction (1:1–2)\n2. Praise to God for salvation (1:3–12)\n3. Command to be holy (1:13–21)\n4. Command to love each other (1:22–25)\n\nPeter begins this letter in [1:1–2](../01/01.md) by giving his name, identifying the people to whom he is writing, and offering a greeting. That was the way people typically began letters at this time.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in [1:24–25](../01/24.md).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### What God reveals\n\nWhen Jesus comes again, everyone will see how good God’s people were to have faith in Jesus. Then God’s people will see how gracious God has been to them, and all people will praise both God and his people.\n\n### Holiness\n\nGod wants his people to be holy because God is holy (1:15). (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])\n\n### Eternity\n\nPeter tells Christians to live for things that will last forever and not to live for the things of this world, which will end. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Paradox\n\nA paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Peter writes that his readers are glad and sad at the same time ([1 Peter 1:6](../01/06.md)). He can say this because they are sad because they are suffering, but they are glad because they know that God will save them “in the last time” ([1 Peter 1:5](../01/05.md))
1PE	1	1	g6b4			0	General Information:	Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers to whom he is writing.
1PE	1	1	u3zc	figs-metaphor	ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις διασπορᾶς	1	to the elect foreigners of the dispersion	Peter speaks of his readers as people who live as **exiles**since they are far from their homes in many different countries because of **the dispersion**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	1	cf7b		ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις	1	to the elect foreigners	Peter wrote this letter **to the elect exiles**. God has chosen them according to his own foreknowledge. Alternate translation: “to the chosen foreigners” or “the ones whom God the Father has chosen”
1PE	1	1	qkl8		Πόντου, Γαλατίας, Καππαδοκίας, Ἀσίας, καὶ Βιθυνίας	1	Cappadocia … Bithynia	Peter mentions, **Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia**, which were Roman provinces located in what is now the country of Turkey.
1PE	1	2	ba1h	figs-abstractnouns	πρόγνωσιν Θεοῦ Πατρός	1	the foreknowledge of God the Father	The abstract noun **foreknowledge** can be translated with a verbal phrase. This phrase could mean: (1) God had determined what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father decided previously” or (2) God knew what would happen ahead of time. Alternate translation: “what God the Father knew beforehand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	2	i9kf	figs-metonymy	αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	of the blood of Jesus Christ	Here the **blood** refers to the death of Jesus. This phrase could mean (1) they are members of God’s people by the blood of Jesus Christ or (2) Jesus Christ’s blood helps them become more holy through how they obey him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	1	2	rwkk	figs-metaphor	ῥαντισμὸν αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ	Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus’ death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	2	k547		χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη	1		After introducing the senders and recipients of the letter, Peter gives a blessing. Use a form that people would recognize as a blessing in your language. Alternate translation: “May God give you grace and peace.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing]])
1PE	1	2	iam1	figs-abstractnouns	χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns **grace** and **peace** with adjectives such as “gracious” and “peaceful.” Alternate translation: “May God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ be gracious to you and make you peaceful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	2	z7df	figs-abstractnouns	χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη	1	May grace be to you, and may your peace increase	This passage speaks of **grace** as if it were an object that believers could possess, and of **peace** as if it were something that could increase in amount. Of course, grace is in reality the kind way God acts toward believers, and peace is how believers live in safety and joy with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	3	y6aq			0	General Information:	Peter begins to talk about the believers’ salvation and faith.
1PE	1	3	l4vi		εὐλογητὸς	0		Alternate translation: “Let us give thanks” or “Let us praise”
1PE	1	3	cyf6	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν…ἡμᾶς	1	our … us	The words **our** and **us** is inclusive, referring to Peter and those to whom he is writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1PE	1	3	mdvi	figs-abstractnouns	ὁ κατὰ τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1		If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **mercy** with an adjective such as “kind.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	3	c92y		ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς	1	he has given us new birth	Alternate translation: “he has caused us to be born again”
1PE	1	4	b2zy	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς κληρονομίαν ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον	1	for an imperishable and undefiled and unfading inheritance	If it would be clearer in your language, you can translate **inheritance** using a verb. Alternate translation: “which we confidently expect to receive as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	4	cy1g	figs-metaphor	κληρονομίαν	1	an … inheritance	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	4	vr9s	figs-metaphor	ἄφθαρτον, καὶ ἀμίαντον, καὶ ἀμάραντον	1	imperishable and undefiled and unfading	Peter uses three similar phrases to describe the inheritance that believers will receive as something that is perfect and eternal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	4	z6w4	figs-activepassive	τετηρημένην ἐν οὐρανοῖς εἰς ὑμᾶς	1	reserved in heaven for you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “which God is reserving in heaven for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	5	r4es	figs-activepassive	τοὺς ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ φρουρουμένους	1	who are protected by the power of God	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God is protecting you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	5	fw3p	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν δυνάμει Θεοῦ	1	by the power of God	Here, **power** is a way of saying that God is strong and able to protect believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	5	a4ab	figs-abstractnouns	διὰ πίστεως	1	through faith	Here, **faith** refers to the fact that the believers trust in Christ. Alternate translation: “because of your faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	5	g4rb	figs-activepassive	ἑτοίμην ἀποκαλυφθῆναι	1	that is ready to be revealed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God is ready to reveal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	6	hy8d		ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε	1	In this you greatly rejoice	The word **this** refers to all the blessings that Peter mentions in the previous verses.
1PE	1	7	vvp1	figs-metaphor	ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως	1	so that the proof of your faith	In the same way in which fire refines gold, hardships test how well believers trust in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	7	ct3n		τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως	1	the proof of your faith	God wishes to test how well believers trust in Christ.
1PE	1	7	u63m		ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου	1	of your faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes. But, being tested by fire	**Faith** is more valuable than **gold**, because gold does not last forever, even if it is refined in **fire**.
1PE	1	7	a6q4		εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον, καὶ δόξαν, καὶ τιμὴν	1	it might be found to result in praise, and glory, and honor	This could mean: (1) God will honor them very highly because of their faith. (2) Their faith will bring praise, glory, and honor to God.
1PE	1	7	bkr9	figs-activepassive	ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	at the revealing of Jesus Christ	Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ is revealed.” This refers to the return of Christ. This can also be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	8	eka3		χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ	1	with joy that is inexpressible and filled with glory	Alternate translation: “with wonderful joy that words cannot describe”
1PE	1	9	j2qe	figs-abstractnouns	σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν	1	the salvation of your souls	The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “God saving you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	9	hw6y		σωτηρίαν	1	the salvation	This words presents the idea as if it were an object. In reality, **salvation** refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result.
1PE	1	9	uk4a	figs-synecdoche	σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν	1	the salvation of your souls	Here the word **souls** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “your salvation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	1	10	p4p5		σωτηρίας…χάριτος	1	salvation … grace	These words present two ideas as if they were things or objects. In reality, **salvation** refers to the action of God saving us, or to what happens as a result. Similarly, **grace** refers to the kind way in which God deals with believers.
1PE	1	10	yyz4	figs-doublet	ἐξεζήτησαν καὶ ἐξηραύνησαν	1	searched and inquired carefully	The phrase **inquired carefully** means basically the same thing as “searched.” Together these words emphasize how hard the prophets tried to understand this salvation. Alternate translation: “examined very carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	1	11	x5x8			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues talking about the prophets’ search for salvation.
1PE	1	11	r5jf		ἐραυνῶντες	1	examining	Alternate translation: “trying to determine”
1PE	1	11	w3n8		τὸ…Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ	1	the Spirit of Christ	This is a reference to the Holy Spirit.
1PE	1	12	x4b1	figs-activepassive	οἷς ἀπεκαλύφθη	1	It was revealed to them	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God revealed to the prophets” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	12	xi4d		εἰς ἃ ἐπιθυμοῦσιν ἄγγελοι παρακύψαι	1	into which things angels long to look	Alternate translation: “things that angels want to understand”
1PE	1	13	bjg9		διὸ	1	So	Peter uses the word **So** here to refer back to everything he has said about salvation, their faith, and the Spirit of Christ giving revelations to the prophets.
1PE	1	13	u87y	figs-idiom	ἀναζωσάμενοι τὰς ὀσφύας τῆς διανοίας ὑμῶν	1	having girded the loins of your mind	Girding up **the loins** refers to preparing to work hard. It comes from the custom of tucking the bottom of one’s robe into a belt around the waist in order to move with ease. Alternate translation: “after getting your minds ready” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	1	13	i56f	figs-idiom	νήφοντες, τελείως	1	being fully sober	Here the word **sober** refers to mental clarity and alertness. Alternate translation: “controlling your thoughts” or “being careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	1	13	y771	figs-activepassive	τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν	1	the grace that is being brought to you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the grace that God will bring to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	13	ut69	figs-metaphor	τὴν φερομένην ὑμῖν χάριν	1	the grace that is being brought to you	Here God’s way of dealing kindly with believers is spoken of as if it were an object that he will bring to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	13	l45d	figs-activepassive	ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	in the revelation of Jesus Christ	This refers to when Christ returns. This can also be expressed with an active form. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “when Jesus Christ appears to all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	14	e4tb	figs-idiom	μὴ συνσχηματιζόμενοι ταῖς πρότερον…ἐπιθυμίαις	1	not being conformed to your former desires	Alternate translation: “not desiring the same things as before” Alternate translation: “not living to gratify the desires you used to have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	1	16	m1q7	figs-activepassive	διότι γέγραπται	1	For it is written	This refers to God’s message in the scripture. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For as God said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	16	s8kz		ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος	1	You will be holy, because I am holy	Here the word **I** refers to God.
1PE	1	17	s6gv	figs-metaphor	ἐν φόβῳ τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε	1	conduct yourselves in fear during the time of your journey	Peter speaks of his readers as if they were people living in a foreign land away from their home. Alternate translation: “be careful how you use the time you are living away from your true home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	18	q4pc	figs-activepassive	ἐλυτρώθητε	1	you have been redeemed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has redeemed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	19	s4jd	figs-metonymy	τιμίῳ αἵματι…Χριστοῦ	1	with the precious blood of Christ	Here, **blood** stands for Christ’s death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	1	19	gk6a	figs-simile	ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου	1	as an unblemished and spotless lamb	Jesus died as a sacrifice so that God would forgive people’s sins. Alternate translation: “like the lambs without blemish or spot that the Jewish priests sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	1	19	smu8	figs-doublet	ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου	1	unblemished and spotless	Peter expresses the same idea in two different ways to emphasize Christ’s purity. Alternate translation: “with no imperfections” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	1	20	msw5	figs-activepassive	προεγνωσμένου	1	He has been chosen	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God chose Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	20	ky7a	figs-abstractnouns	πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	1	before the foundation of the world	You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “before God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	20	dkk2	figs-activepassive	φανερωθέντος…δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	he has been revealed … for your sake	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has revealed him … for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	1	20	u7e3	figs-metaphor	φανερωθέντος…δι’ ὑμᾶς	1	he has been revealed … for your sake	Peter does not mean that his readers actually saw Christ, but that they learned the truth about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	21	lt5u	figs-idiom	τὸν ἐγείραντα αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν	1	who has raised him from the dead	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “who caused him to live again so that he was no longer among the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	1	21	f7mn	figs-abstractnouns	δόξαν αὐτῷ δόντα	1	has given him glory	You can state the abstract noun **glory** in verbal form. Alternate translation: “glorified him” or “showed that he is glorious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	22	luj3	figs-synecdoche	τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ἡγνικότες	1	Having purified your souls	Here the word **souls** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “Since you made yourselves pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	1	22	hj14	figs-metaphor	ἡγνικότες	1	Having purified	Here the idea of cleanliness refers to being acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	22	qyt5	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ ὑπακοῇ τῆς ἀληθείας	1	by obedience to the truth	You can translate this using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “by obeying the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	1	22	j777		φιλαδελφίαν	1	brotherly love	This refers to love between fellow believers.
1PE	1	22	e9wr	figs-metonymy	ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας, ἀλλήλους ἀγαπήσατε ἐκτενῶς	1	love one another earnestly from a pure heart	Here, **heart** is a metonym for a person’s thoughts or emotions. To love someone “from the heart” means to love some one completely with total commitment. Alternate translation: “love one another earnestly and completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	1	23	w4v3	figs-metaphor	ἀναγεγεννημένοι, οὐκ ἐκ σπορᾶς φθαρτῆς, ἀλλὰ ἀφθάρτου	1	having been born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable	Here, **seed** could mean: (1) This refers to the seed of a plant that grows and produces new life in believers. (2) This refers to the tiny cells inside a man or woman that combine to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	1	23	nh9r		ἀφθάρτου	1	from imperishable	seed that will not rot or dry up or die
1PE	1	23	tjq9	figs-metonymy	διὰ λόγου ζῶντος Θεοῦ, καὶ μένοντος	1	through the living and enduring word of God	Peter speaks of the **word of God** as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	1	24	kyc5			0	General Information:	In these verses Peter quotes a passage from the prophet Isaiah relating to what he has just said about them being born of imperishable seed.
1PE	1	24	dr75	figs-metonymy	πᾶσα σὰρξ	1	All flesh	The word **flesh** refers to humanity. Alternate translation: “All people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	1	24	r0fd	figs-metonymy	πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος…ἐξηράνθη ὁ χόρτος	1	All flesh is like grass … The grass dries up	The prophet Isaiah compares humanity to grass that grows and dies quickly. Alternate translation: “All people are temporary like grass … They will die like the grass” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	1	24	hd2f	figs-simile	πᾶσα δόξα αὐτῆς ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου…τὸ ἄνθος ἐξέπεσεν	1	all its glory is like the flower of the grass … its flower falls off	Here the word **glory** refers to beauty or goodness. Isaiah compares the things that people consider to be good or beautiful about humanity to flowers that die quickly. Alternate translation: “all their goodness is as temporary as a flower … it will fall away like a dying flower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	1	25	aba2		τὸ…ῥῆμα Κυρίου	1	the word of the Lord	Alternate translation: “the message that comes from the Lord”
1PE	1	25	s11j	figs-activepassive	τὸ ῥῆμα τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν	1	the word that has been proclaimed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the gospel that we proclaimed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	intro	a121			0		# 1 Peter 2 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 2:6, 7, 8, and 22.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 2:10.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Stones<br><br>The Bible uses a building made of large stones as a metaphor for the church. Jesus is the cornerstone, the most important stone. The apostles and prophets are the foundation, the part of the building on which all the other stones rest. In this chapter, Christians are the stones that make up the walls of the building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cornerstone]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/foundation]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Milk and babies<br><br>When Peter tells his readers to “long for pure spiritual milk,” he is using the metaphor of a baby craving his mother’s milk. Peter wants Christians to crave God’s word the same way a baby craves milk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	1	cch5			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues teaching his readers about holiness and obedience.
1PE	2	1	n3x5	grammar-connect-logic-result	οὖν	1	Therefore	The word **Therefore** here refers back to everything that Peter has said about being holy and obedient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1PE	2	1	g65y	figs-metaphor	ἀποθέμενοι…πᾶσαν κακίαν, καὶ πάντα δόλον, καὶ ὑποκρίσεις, καὶ φθόνους, καὶ πάσας καταλαλιάς	1	having put aside all evil, and all deceit and hypocrisy and envy, and all slander	These sinful actions are spoken of as if they were objects that people could throw away. Alternate translation: “get rid of everything that is evil, and hypocrisy, and envy, and all slander” or “stop being evil, or being deceptive, or being hypocritical, or envying, or slandering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	2	y6fv	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη τὸ λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα ἐπιποθήσατε	1	As newborn infants, long for pure spiritual milk	Peter speaks of his readers as if they were babies. Babies requires very pure food, which they can digest easily. In the same way, believers need pure teaching from God’s word. Alternate translation: “Just as babies long for their mother’s breast milk, so you must yearn for pure spiritual milk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	2	rm71		ἐπιποθήσατε	1	long for	Alternate translation: “desire intensely” or “yearn for”
1PE	2	2	fn81	figs-metaphor	τὸ λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα	1	pure spiritual milk	Peter speaks of the word of God as if it were **spiritual milk** that nourished children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	2	vg76	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	to salvation	Here the word **salvation** refers to when God brings the salvation of his people to completion when Jesus returns (see [1 Peter 1:5](../01/05.md)). Alternate translation: “until God saves you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	2	2	ypy6	figs-metaphor	αὐξηθῆτε	1	you may grow up	Peter speaks of believers advancing in knowledge of God and faithfulness to him as if they were children growing up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	2	scbe	figs-explicit	αὐξηθῆτε εἰς σωτηρίαν	1	you may grow up to salvation	They were to increasingly act in ways that were consistent with this salvation. You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you may grow up spiritually until God saves you completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	2	3	tui9	figs-metaphor	εἰ ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ Κύριος	1	if you have tasted that the Lord is kind	Here to taste means to experience something personally. Alternate translation: “if you have experienced the Lord’s kindness toward you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	4	sa2z	figs-metaphor		0	General Information:	Peter begins to tell a metaphor about Jesus and the believers being living stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	4	c4lu	figs-metaphor	πρὸς ὃν προσερχόμενοι λίθον ζῶντα	1	coming to him, a living stone	Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a stone in a building. Alternate translation: “coming to him who is like a stone in a building, but alive, not a dead stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	4	ihq2		ὃν…λίθον ζῶντα	1	him, a living stone	This could mean: (1) This refers to a stone that is alive. (2) This refers to a stone that gives life.
1PE	2	4	e8sy	figs-activepassive	ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἀποδεδοκιμασμένον	1	having been rejected by men	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that people have rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	4	a438	figs-activepassive	παρὰ δὲ Θεῷ ἐκλεκτὸν	1	but chosen by God	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but that God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	5	z11h	figs-metaphor	αὐτοὶ ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς	1	you, like living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house	Just as people used **stones** to build the temple in the Old Testament, believers are the materials that God is using to build a house in which he will live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	5	g33x	figs-simile	αὐτοὶ ὡς λίθοι ζῶντες	1	you, like living stones	Peter compares his readers to **stones** that are alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	2	5	v3jw	figs-activepassive	λίθοι ζῶντες οἰκοδομεῖσθε, οἶκος πνευματικὸς	1	living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “living stones that God is building into a spiritual house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	5	i4bn	figs-metonymy	ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον ἀνενέγκαι πνευματικὰς θυσίας	1	a holy priesthood to offer the spiritual sacrifices	Here the position of **priesthood** stands for the priests who fulfill its duties. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	2	6	ibi1	figs-metaphor	περιέχει ἐν Γραφῇ	1	it stands in scripture	**Scripture** is spoken of as if it were a container. This passage refers to the words that a person reads in scripture. Alternate translation: “this is what a prophet wrote in the scriptures long ago” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	6	q7jx		ἰδοὺ	1	Behold	The word **behold** here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1PE	2	6	klv2	figs-explicit	λίθον, ἀκρογωνιαῖον ἐκλεκτὸν ἔντιμον	1	a cornerstone, chosen, precious	God is the one who chose the stone. Alternate translation: “a most important cornerstone, which I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	2	6	xsx8	figs-metaphor	λίθον, ἀκρογωνιαῖον	1	a cornerstone	The prophet speaks of the Messiah as the most important stone in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	7	ze1c			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues quoting from the scriptures.
1PE	2	7	uu3j	figs-metaphor	λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν…ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας	1	The stone that was rejected by … has become the head of the corner	This is a metaphor that means people, like builders, **rejected** Jesus, but God has made him the most important **stone** in a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	7	i4jl	figs-activepassive	λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες	1	The stone that was rejected by the builders	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The stone that the builders rejected” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	7	ql12		κεφαλὴν γωνίας	1	the head of the corner	This refers to the most important stone in a building and means basically the same thing as “cornerstone” in [1 Peter 2:6](../02/06.md).
1PE	2	8	ptx5	figs-parallelism	λίθος προσκόμματος, καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου	1	A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense	These two phrases share similar meanings. Together they emphasize that people will take **offense** at this “stone,” which refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: “a stone or a rock over which people will stumble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	2	8	h7ta		προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες	1	stumble because they disobey the word	Here, **the word** refers to the gospel message. To **disobey** means that they do not believe. Alternate translation: “stumble because they are not believing the message about Jesus”
1PE	2	8	sm6s	figs-activepassive	εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν	1	to which also they were appointed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which God also appointed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	9	dc8m			0	General Information:	In verse 10 Peter quotes a verse from the prophet Hosea. Some modern versions do not format this as a quote, which is also acceptable.
1PE	2	9	zla9	figs-activepassive	γένος ἐκλεκτόν	1	a chosen people	You can clarify that God is the one who has **chosen** them. Alternate translation: “a people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	9	g39z		βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα	1	a royal priesthood	This could mean: (1) This refers to a group of kings and a group of priests. (2) This refers to a group of priests who serve the king.
1PE	2	9	qk7f		λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν	1	a people for possession	Alternate translation: “a people who belong to God”
1PE	2	9	ra7z		ἐκ…ὑμᾶς καλέσαντος	1	who called you from	Alternate translation: “who called you to come out of”
1PE	2	9	nvf5	figs-metaphor	ἐκ σκότους…εἰς τὸ θαυμαστὸν αὐτοῦ φῶς	1	from darkness into his marvelous light	Here, **darkness** refers to their condition as sinful people who did not know God, and **light** refers to their condition as people who do know God and practice righteousness. Alternate translation: “from a life of sin and ignorance of God to a life of knowing and pleasing him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	11	jnr9			0	General Information:	Peter begins to talk about how to live Christian lives.
1PE	2	11	ve9u	figs-doublet	παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους	1	foreigners and exiles	These two words mean basically the same thing.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	2	11	hjuk	figs-metaphor	παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους	1	foreigners and exiles	Peter speaks of his readers as people who are living in foreign lands away from their home. See how you translated “foreigners” in [1 Peter 1:1](../01/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	11	ubn9	figs-metaphor	ἀπέχεσθαι τῶν σαρκικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν	1	to abstain from fleshly desires	Here the idea of flesh refers to the sinful nature of humanity in this fallen world. Alternate translation: “to not to give in to sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	11	x3q5	figs-metonymy	τῆς ψυχῆς	1	your soul	Here the word **soul** refers to a person’s spiritual life. Alternate translation: “your spiritual life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	2	11	q4zn	figs-metaphor	στρατεύονται κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς	1	make war against your soul	Peter speaks of sinful desires as soldiers that are trying to destroy the spiritual life of believers. Alternate translation: “seek to destroy your spiritual life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	12	b5nv	figs-abstractnouns	τὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἔχοντες καλήν	1	keeping your behavior among the Gentiles good	The abstract noun **behavior** can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “you should behave well among the Gentiles” or “you should behave in a good way in the presence of the Gentiles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	2	12	mkt4		ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν ὑμῶν ὡς	1	in whatever they speak about you as	Alternate translation: “even if they accuse you of being”
1PE	2	12	w3yn	figs-abstractnouns	ἐκ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων ἐποπτεύοντες	1	from observing your good works	The abstract noun **works** can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “they may observe the good things that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	2	12	s2ji	figs-explicit	ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐπισκοπῆς	1	in the day of visitation	Alternate translation: “on the day when he comes.” This refers to the day when God will judge all people. Alternate translation: “when he comes to judge everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	2	13	c484		διὰ τὸν Κύριον	1	for the sake of the Lord	This could mean: (1) By obeying human authorities, they are obeying the Lord who established those authorities. (2) By obeying human authorities, they will honor Jesus who also obeyed human authorities.
1PE	2	13	al6q		βασιλεῖ ὡς ὑπερέχοντι	1	to the king as supreme	Alternate translation: “to the king as the highest human authority”
1PE	2	14	y1l2	figs-activepassive	δι’ αὐτοῦ πεμπομένοις	1	through him having been sent	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom the king has sent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	15	mh6s		ἀγαθοποιοῦντας φιμοῦν τὴν τῶν ἀφρόνων ἀνθρώπων ἀγνωσίαν	1	doing good to silence the ignorant talk of foolish people	Alternate translation: “by doing good you stop foolish people from speaking about things that they do not know”
1PE	2	16	y9pg	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἐπικάλυμμα…τῆς κακίας	1	as a covering for wickedness	Peter speaks of their condition as free people as something that they should not use to hide sinful behavior. Alternate translation: “as an excuse to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	17	gwy8		τὴν ἀδελφότητα	1	the brotherhood	This refers to all Christian believers.
1PE	2	18	w2nc			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak specifically to people who are servants in people’s houses.
1PE	2	18	xgk8	figs-doublet	τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς καὶ ἐπιεικέσιν	1	the good and gentle	Here the words **good** and **gentle** share similar meanings and emphasize that such masters treat their servants kindly. Alternate translation: “the very kind masters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	2	18	a6gc		τοῖς σκολιοῖς	1	to the perverse	Alternate translation: “to the cruel ones” or “to the mean ones”
1PE	2	19	r1h1		τοῦτο…χάρις	1	this is praiseworthy	Alternate translation: “this is deserving of praise” or “it is pleasing to God”
1PE	2	19	zm8e		διὰ συνείδησιν Θεοῦ, ὑποφέρει…λύπας	1	endures sorrow … because of awareness of God	This could mean: (1) This person accepts suffering because he knows he is obeying God. (2) This person is able to endure unjust punishment because he knows that God knows how he is suffering.
1PE	2	20	y5ue	figs-rquestion	ποῖον γὰρ κλέος, εἰ ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ κολαφιζόμενοι ὑπομενεῖτε?	1	For what kind of credit is there if, sinning and being tormented, you will endure?	Peter asks this question to emphasize that there is nothing praiseworthy about suffering for doing something wrong. Alternate translation: “For God will not reward you if you are punished because you sinned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	2	20	pr8b	figs-activepassive	ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ κολαφιζόμενοι	1	sinning and being tormented	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “while someone punishes you because you sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	20	ly9f	figs-activepassive	ἀγαθοποιοῦντες καὶ πάσχοντες ὑπομενεῖτε	1	doing good and suffering, you will endure	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you endure when someone punishes you for doing good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	21	c1jn			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues speaking to people who are servants in people’s houses.
1PE	2	21	xit1	figs-activepassive	εἰς τοῦτο…ἐκλήθητε	1	to this you were called	Here the word **this** refers to believers enduring while suffering for doing good, as Peter has just described. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has called you to this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	21	si3l	figs-metaphor	ὑμῖν…ἵνα ἐπακολουθήσητε τοῖς ἴχνεσιν αὐτοῦ	1	for you so that you might follow in his footsteps	Peter speaks of following Jesus’ example in the way that they suffer as if one were walking on the same path that Jesus had taken. Alternate translation: “so that you would imitate his behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	2	22	tyz4	figs-activepassive	οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ	1	neither was deceit found in his mouth	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “neither did anyone find deceit in his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	22	lw1u	figs-metonymy	οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ	1	neither was deceit found in his mouth	Here, **deceit** refers to words that a person speaks that are intended to deceive other people. Alternate translation: “neither did he speak any lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	2	23	lj4a	figs-activepassive	ὃς λοιδορούμενος, οὐκ ἀντελοιδόρει	1	He, being reviled, did not revile back	To **revile** someone is to speak abusively to another person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When people insulted him, he did not insult them back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	23	gqb5		παρεδίδου…τῷ κρίνοντι δικαίως	1	he comitted himself to the one who judges justly	Alternate translation: “he entrusted himself to the one who judges justly.” This means that he trusted God to take away his shame, which had been put on him by those who treated him harshly.
1PE	2	24	k5fm			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues talking about Jesus Christ. He is still speaking to people who are servants.
1PE	2	24	k632	figs-rpronouns	ὃς…αὐτὸς	1	He himself	This refers to Jesus, with emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1PE	2	24	w49m	figs-metonymy	τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν…ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον	1	carried our sins in his body to the tree	Here, **carried our sins** means he suffered the punishment for our sins. Alternate translation: “suffered the punishment for our sins in his body on the tree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	2	24	zl8e	figs-metonymy	τὸ ξύλον	1	the tree	This is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	2	24	ep4s	figs-activepassive	οὗ τῷ μώλωπι ἰάθητε	1	of whose wounds you were healed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has healed you because people bruised him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	2	25	sgt9	figs-simile	ἦτε…ὡς πρόβατα πλανώμενοι	1	you as sheep are being led astray	Peter speaks about his readers before they believed in Christ as if they had been similar to lost sheep wandering around aimlessly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	2	25	i5lu	figs-metaphor	τὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν	1	the shepherd and guardian of your souls	Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a **shepherd**. Just as a shepherd protects his sheep, Jesus protects those who trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	intro	cqf4			0		# 1 Peter 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 3:10-12.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “Outward ornaments”<br><br>Most people want to look good so other people will like them and think they are good people. Women are especially careful to look good by wearing nice clothes and jewels. Peter is saying that what a woman thinks and says and does are more important to God than how she looks.<br><br>### Unity<br><br>Peter wanted his readers to agree with each other. More importantly, he wanted them to love each other and be patient with each other.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Peter quotes a psalm that describes God as if he were a person with eyes, ears, and a face. However, God is a spirit, so he does not have physical eyes or ears or a physical face. But he does know what people do, and he does act against wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	1	p454			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak specifically to women who are wives.
1PE	3	1	cj7z		ὁμοίως, γυναῖκες, ὑποτασσόμεναι τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	In the same way, wives, submit to your own husbands	Just as believers are to “obey every human authority” ([1 Peter 2:13](../02/13.md)) and servants are to “be subject” to their masters ([1 Peter 2:18](../02/18.md)), wives are to **submit** to their **husbands**. The words “obey,” “be subject,” and “submit” translate the same word.
1PE	3	1	wp5p	figs-metonymy	τινες ἀπειθοῦσιν τῷ λόγῳ	1	some are disobedient to the word	Here, **the word** refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Peter 2:8](../02/08.md). Alternate translation: “some men do not believe the message about Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	3	1	bs56	figs-idiom	κερδηθήσονται	1	they will be won	This means that the unbelieving husbands will become believers. Alternate translation: “they will be persuaded to believe in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	3	1	kbis	figs-activepassive	κερδηθήσονται	1	they will be won	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will become believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	1	qp4q	figs-ellipsis	ἄνευ λόγου	1	without a word	Alternate translation: “without the wife saying a word.” Here, **a word** refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1PE	3	2	zft4	figs-abstractnouns	ἐποπτεύσαντες τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν	1	having seen your pure behavior with respect	The abstract noun **behavior** can be translated with a verb. Alternate translation: “having seen that you behave sincerely and respectfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	3	2	ng3s		τὴν ἐν φόβῳ ἁγνὴν ἀναστροφὴν ὑμῶν	1	your pure behavior with respect	This could mean: (1) This refers to their sincere behavior toward them and the way that they honor them. (2) This refers to their pure behavior toward them and the way that they honor God.
1PE	3	3	p1bg			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues speaking to women who are wives.
1PE	3	4	l2yq	figs-metonymy	ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος	1	the inner person of the heart	Here the words **inner man** and **heart** refer to the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	3	4	x6us	figs-doublet	ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος	1	the inner man of the heart	Here the words **inner man** and **heart** both refer to the inward character and personality of a person. Alternate translation: “what you really are on the inside” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	3	4	gbw9		τοῦ πραέως καὶ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος	1	of a gentle and quiet spirit	Alternate translation: “of a gentle and peaceful attitude.” Here the word **quiet** means “peaceful” or “calm.” The word **spirit** refers to a person’s attitude or temperament.
1PE	3	4	j5bu	figs-metaphor	ὅ ἐστιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ πολυτελές	1	which is precious before God	Peter speaks of God’s opinion of a person as if that person were standing directly in front of him. Alternate translation: “which God considers to be precious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	6	j1tp		κύριον, αὐτὸν καλοῦσα	1	called him lord	saying that he was her lord, that is, her master
1PE	3	6	t3xl	figs-metaphor	ἧς ἐγενήθητε τέκνα	1	whose children you have become	Peter says that believing women who act as Sarah acted can be thought of as if they were her actual **children**. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	7	lbc2			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak specifically to men who are husbands.
1PE	3	7	f5ay		ὁμοίως	1	in the same way	This refers back to how Sarah and other godly women obeyed their husbands in [1 Peter 3:5](../03/05.md) and [1 Peter 3:6](../03/06.md).
1PE	3	7	lulz	figs-abstractnouns	συνοικοῦντες κατὰ γνῶσιν, ὡς ἀσθενεστέρῳ σκεύει τῷ γυναικείῳ	1	live with your wife according to understanding, as with a weaker container	The abstract noun **understanding** can also be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “live with your wife, understanding that she is the weaker partner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	3	7	eq1z	figs-metaphor	ὡς ἀσθενεστέρῳ σκεύει	1	as with a weaker container	Peter speaks of women as if they were containers, as men are sometimes also spoken of. Alternate translation: “knowing that she is not as strong as you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	7	a88w	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπονέμοντες τιμήν ὡς καὶ συνκληρονόμοις χάριτος ζωῆς	1	assigning her honor as also fellow heirs of the grace of life	You can translate this using verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “honor her because she will also receive by grace the eternal life that God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	3	7	n4rf	figs-metaphor	συνκληρονόμοις χάριτος ζωῆς	1	fellow heirs of the grace of life	Eternal **life** is often spoken of as if it were something that people inherit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	7	dv7t	grammar-connect-logic-result	εἰς τὸ	1	so that	Here this phrase introduces the result that will happen if husbands treat their wives well. Alternate translation: “Live with your wives in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
1PE	3	7	dwm6	figs-activepassive	εἰς τὸ μὴ ἐνκόπτεσθαι τὰς προσευχὰς ὑμῶν	1	so that your prayers will not be hindered	To “hinder” is to prevent something from happening. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that nothing will hinder your prayers” or “so that nothing will keep you from praying as you should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	8	nk97			0	General Information:	Peter begins to speak again to all of the believers.
1PE	3	8	f5y7		ὁμόφρονες	1	be likeminded	Alternate translation: “have the same opinion and be” or “have the same attitude and be”
1PE	3	8	rut5		εὔσπλαγχνοι	1	tenderhearted	being gentle and compassionate towards others
1PE	3	9	z5u3	figs-metaphor	μὴ ἀποδιδόντες κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ, ἢ λοιδορίαν ἀντὶ λοιδορίας	1	Do not pay back evil in exchange for evil or insult in exchange for insult	Peter speaks of responding to the actions of another person as remitting payment for those actions. Alternate translation: “Do not do evil to someone who does evil to you or insult someone who insults you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	9	t6il	figs-explicit	εὐλογοῦντες	1	blessing	You can clarify the object of **blessing**. Alternate translation: “continue to bless those who do evil to you or insult you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	3	9	w5df	figs-activepassive	εἰς τοῦτο ἐκλήθητε	1	to this you were called	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God called you for this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	9	n3xc	figs-metaphor	ἵνα εὐλογίαν κληρονομήσητε	1	so that you might inherit a blessing	Peter speaks of receiving God’s **blessing** as receiving an inheritance. Alternate translation: “that you might receive God’s blessing as your permanent possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	10	dpf2	figs-explicit		0	General Information:	In these verses Peter quotes from the Psalms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	3	10	p9bl	figs-parallelism	ζωὴν ἀγαπᾶν, καὶ ἰδεῖν ἡμέρας ἀγαθὰς	1	to love life and to see good days	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the desire to have a good life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	3	10	btkp	figs-metaphor	ἰδεῖν ἡμέρας ἀγαθὰς	1	to see good days	Here experiencing good things is spoken of as seeing good things. Alternate translation: “experience good things during life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	10	t5en	figs-metonymy	ἡμέρας ἀγαθὰς	1	good days	The word **days** refers to one’s lifetime. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	3	10	wq2b	figs-parallelism	παυσάτω τὴν γλῶσσαν ἀπὸ κακοῦ, καὶ χείλη τοῦ μὴ λαλῆσαι δόλον	1	Let … stop his tongue from evil and his lips from speaking deceit	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the command not to lie. Alternate translation: “stop saying evil and deceitful things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	3	10	rqa9	figs-synecdoche	τὴν γλῶσσαν…χείλη	1	his tongue … his lips	The words **tongue** and **lips** refer to the person who is speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	3	11	n5sr	figs-metaphor	ἐκκλινάτω…ἀπὸ κακοῦ	1	let him turn away from evil	Here, **turn away** is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “let him stop doing what is bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	12	yn5l	figs-synecdoche	ὀφθαλμοὶ Κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαίους	1	the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous	The word **eyes** refers to the Lord’s ability to know things. Alternate translation: “The Lord knows the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	3	12	m2a0	figs-metaphor	ὀφθαλμοὶ Κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαίους	1	the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous	The Lord’s approval of the righteous is spoken of as his seeing them. Alternate translation: “The Lord approves of the righteous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	12	r5xf	figs-synecdoche	ὦτα αὐτοῦ εἰς δέησιν αὐτῶν	1	his ears are upon their requests	The word “ears” refers to the Lord’s awareness of what people say. Alternate translation: “he hears their requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	3	12	tytz	figs-explicit	ὦτα αὐτοῦ εἰς δέησιν αὐτῶν	1	his ears are upon their requests	That the Lord hears their requests implies that he also responds to them. Alternate translation: “he grants their requests” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	3	12	t22b	figs-metaphor	πρόσωπον δὲ Κυρίου ἐπὶ	1	But the face of the Lord is against	Opposing someone is spoken of as setting one’s face against that person. Alternate translation: “the Lord opposes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	12	es9n	figs-synecdoche	πρόσωπον δὲ Κυρίου ἐπὶ	1	But the face of the Lord is against	The word **face** refers to the Lord’s will to oppose his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	3	13	wkw4			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues teaching the believers how to live Christian lives.
1PE	3	13	e1ma	figs-rquestion	τίς ὁ κακώσων ὑμᾶς, ἐὰν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ζηλωταὶ γένησθε?	1	who is the one who will harm you if you are a zealot of what is good?	Peter asks this question to emphasize that it is unlikely that someone would harm them if they do good things. Alternate translation: “no one will harm you if you do good things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	3	14	f6ch	figs-abstractnouns	πάσχοιτε διὰ δικαιοσύνην	1	you suffer because of righteousness	You can translate this with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “you suffer because you do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	3	14	xg3m	figs-activepassive	μακάριοι	1	you are blessed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	14	f9u8	figs-parallelism	τὸν δὲ φόβον αὐτῶν, μὴ φοβηθῆτε μηδὲ ταραχθῆτε	1	But do not fear their fear, nor be troubled	These two phrases share similar meanings and emphasize that believers should not be afraid of those who persecute them. Alternate translation: “But do not be afraid of what people might do to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	3	14	yz6y		τὸν…φόβον αὐτῶν	1	their fear	Here the word **their** refers to anyone who might try to harm those to whom Peter is writing.
1PE	3	15	ju58		δὲ…ἁγιάσατε	1	Instead, sanctify	Alternate translation: “Instead of being troubled, set apart”
1PE	3	15	vgv7	figs-metaphor	Κύριον…τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	sanctify the Lord Christ in your hearts	The phrase “sanctify the Lord Christ” is a metaphor for acknowledging Christ’s holiness. Alternate translation: “acknowledge in your hearts that the Lord Christ is holy” or “honor the Lord Christ as holy within yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	15	qjg3	figs-metonymy	ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	in your hearts	Here, **hearts** is a metonym for the “inner person.” Alternate translation: “within yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	3	18	me4u			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter explains how Christ suffered and what Christ accomplished by suffering.
1PE	3	18	g1xd	figs-metaphor	ἵνα ὑμᾶς προσαγάγῃ τῷ Θεῷ	1	so that he might bring us to God	Peter probably means here that Christ died in order to create a close relationship between us and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	18	j5lh	figs-metaphor	θανατωθεὶς…σαρκὶ	1	having been put to death in the flesh	Here, **flesh** refers to Christ’s body; Christ was physically put to death. Alternate translation: “having been killed physically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	3	18	q9fa	figs-activepassive	θανατωθεὶς…σαρκὶ	1	having been put to death in the flesh	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “since people put Christ to death physically” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	18	h6v4	figs-activepassive	ζῳοποιηθεὶς…πνεύματι	1	having been made alive in the spirit	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God made him alive spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	18	n7nh		πνεύματι	1	in the spirit	This could mean: (1) This refers to a spiritual existence. (2) This refers to the Holy Spirit’s power.
1PE	3	19	hp82		ἐν ᾧ	1	in which	This could mean: (1) This refers to his spiritual existence. (2) This refers to the Holy Spirit’s power.
1PE	3	19	ez3d		τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν	1	to the spirits in prison	Here, **spirits** could mean: (1) This refers to evil spirits. (2) This refers to spirits of the dead people.
1PE	3	20	s7qm	figs-metonymy	ἀπεξεδέχετο ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the patience of God	The word **patience** is a metonym for God himself. Alternate translation: “God himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	3	20	qxah	figs-personification	ὅτε ἀπεξεδέχετο ἡ τοῦ Θεοῦ μακροθυμία	1	when the patience of God was waiting	Peter writes of God’s patience as if it is a person. Alternate translation: “when God was waiting patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1PE	3	20	c6mi	figs-activepassive	ἐν ἡμέραις Νῶε, κατασκευαζομένης κιβωτοῦ	1	in the days of Noah, while an ark was being constructed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “during the time of Noah, when he was building an ark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	3	21	jti3		δι’ ἀναστάσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	through the resurrection of Jesus Christ	Alternate translation: “because of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.” This phrase completes the thought, “This is a symbol of the baptism that saves you now”
1PE	3	22	g4qh	figs-metonymy	ὅς ἐστιν ἐν δεξιᾷ Θεοῦ	1	who is at the right hand of God	To be at the **right hand of God** is a symbol that God has given Jesus greatest honor and authority over all others. Alternate translation: “who is beside God in the place of honor and authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	3	22	f6jq		ὑποταγέντων αὐτῷ	1	after … had been subjected to him	Alternate translation: “when … had submitted to Jesus Christ”
1PE	4	intro	zh5n			0		# 1 Peter 4 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry that is quoted from the Old Testament in 4:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Ungodly Gentiles<br><br>This passage uses the term “Gentiles” to refer to all ungodly people who are not Jews. It does not include Gentiles who have become Christians. “Sensuality, passion, drunkenness, carousings, wild parties, and disgusting acts of idolatry” were actions that characterized or typified the ungodly Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### Martyrdom<br><br>It is apparent that Peter is speaking to many Christians who are experiencing great persecution and are facing death for their beliefs.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let it” and “Let none” and “Let him” and “Let those”<br><br>Peter uses these phrases to tell his readers what he wants them to do. They are like commands because he wants his readers to obey. But it is as if he is telling one person what he wants other people to do.
1PE	4	1	b8d4			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues to teach the believers about Christian living. He begins by giving a conclusion to his thoughts from the previous chapter about Christ’s sufferings.
1PE	4	1	ess6		σαρκὶ	1	in the flesh	Alternate translation: “in his body”
1PE	4	1	p2rv	figs-metaphor	ὑμεῖς τὴν αὐτὴν ἔννοιαν ὁπλίσασθε	1	arm yourselves with the same intention	The phrase **arm yourselves** makes readers think of soldiers who get their weapons ready for battle. It also pictures **the same intention** as a weapon or perhaps as a piece of armor. Here this metaphor means that believers should be determined in their mind to suffer as Jesus did. Alternate translation: “prepare yourselves with the same thoughts that Christ had” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	4	1	vjw2		σαρκὶ	1	in the flesh	Here “flesh” means “body.” Alternate translation: “in his body” or “while here on earth”
1PE	4	1	d66g		πέπαυται ἁμαρτίας	1	has ceased from sin	Alternate translation: “has stopped sinning”
1PE	4	2	gbb6		ἀνθρώπων ἐπιθυμίαις	1	for the desires of men	for the things that sinful people normally desire
1PE	4	3	rp5p		κώμοις, πότοις	1	carousing, drunken parties	These terms refer to activities in which people gather to drink alcohol excessively and behave in a shameful manner.
1PE	4	4	q6k6		τῆς ἀσωτίας ἀνάχυσιν	1	outpouring of their reckless behavior	These examples of wild, boundless sin are spoken of as if they were great floods of water that were being poured out.
1PE	4	4	w1d8		τῆς ἀσωτίας	1	of their reckless behavior	doing everything they can to satisfy the desires of their bodies
1PE	4	5	xw39		τῷ ἑτοίμως ἔχοντι κρῖναι	1	to the one who is ready to judge	This could mean: (1) This refers to God, who is ready to judge. (2) This refers to Christ, who is ready to judge.
1PE	4	5	dx7v	figs-merism	ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς	1	the living and the dead	This means all people, whether they are still alive or have died. Alternate translation: “every person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1PE	4	6	u54m		καὶ νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη	1	the gospel was preached also to the dead	This could mean: (1) The gospel was preached also to people who had already died. (2) The gospel was preached also to those who were alive but are now dead.
1PE	4	6	ql11	figs-activepassive	εὐηγγελίσθη	1	the gospel was preached	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Christ preached. Alternate translation: “Christ preached the gospel” (2) Men preached. Alternate translation: “men preached the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	4	6	hsg6	figs-activepassive	κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ	1	they were judged in the flesh according to men	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) God judged them in this life on earth. Alternate translation: “God judged them in their bodies as humans” (2) Men judged them according to human standards. Alternate translation: “men judged them in their bodies as humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	4	6	s72f	figs-euphemism	κριθῶσι…κατὰ ἀνθρώπους σαρκὶ	1	they were judged in the flesh according to men	This is a reference to death as the ultimate form of judgment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1PE	4	6	h154		ζῶσι…κατὰ Θεὸν πνεύματι	1	they may live in the spirit according to God	This could mean: (1) They should live spiritually as God lives because the Holy Spirit will enable them to do so. (2) They should live according to God’s standards by the power of the Holy Spirit.
1PE	4	7	e445		πάντων…τὸ τέλος	1	the end of all things	This refers to the end of the world at Christ’s second coming.
1PE	4	7	qs1t	figs-metaphor	ἤγγικεν	1	has come near	The end that will happen soon is spoken of as if it has physically come closer in distance. Alternate translation: “will soon happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	4	7	ubd4	figs-parallelism	σωφρονήσατε…καὶ νήψατε	1	be of sound mind, and be sober	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Peter uses them to emphasize the need to think clearly about life since the end of the world is near. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	4	7	k5hh	figs-idiom	νήψατε	1	be sober	Here the word **sober** refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “control your thoughts” or “be careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	4	8	x6ac		πρὸ πάντων	1	above all	Alternate translation: “most importantly of all”
1PE	4	8	f1lr	figs-personification	ὅτι ἀγάπη καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν	1	for love covers a multitude of sins	Peter describes **love** as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1PE	4	8	b7p0	figs-metaphor	ἀγάπη καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν	1	for love covers a multitude of sins	Peter speaks of **love** as a person who places a cover over the sins of others. This could mean: (1) A person who loves will not try to find out if another person has sinned. (2) A person who loves will forgive the sins of other people, even if those sins are many. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	4	9	g3vw		φιλόξενοι	1	hospitable	showing kindness to and welcoming guests and travelers
1PE	4	10	xvj3	figs-explicit	ἕκαστος καθὼς ἔλαβεν χάρισμα	1	Just as each one has received a gift	This refers to special spiritual abilities that God gives to believers. Alternate translation: “Because each one of you has received a special spiritual ability as a gift from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1PE	4	11	ir6x	figs-activepassive	ἵνα ἐν πᾶσιν δοξάζηται ὁ Θεὸς	1	so that in all God may be glorified	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that in all ways you will glorify God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	4	11	wq9e		δοξάζηται	1	may be glorified	may be praised and honored
1PE	4	12	vw9s	figs-metaphor	τῇ ἐν ὑμῖν πυρώσει πρὸς πειρασμὸν ὑμῖν γινομένῃ	1	the fiery trial among you that is happening for a testing to you	In the same way that fire refines gold, trials test and refine a person’s faith. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	4	13	rgb5	figs-doublet	χαρῆτε ἀγαλλιώμενοι	1	you may rejoice, being full of joy	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of joy. Alternate translation: “rejoice even more” or “be very glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	4	13	mhj1		ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	at the revealing of his glory	Alternate translation: “when God reveals Christ’s glory”
1PE	4	14	i6ul	figs-metonymy	εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ	1	If you are reviled for the name of Christ	Here the word **name** refers to Christ himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	4	14	kswc	figs-activepassive	εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ	1	If you are reviled for the name of Christ	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If people insult you because you believe in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	4	14	i1kq	figs-parallelism	τὸ τῆς δόξης καὶ τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ Πνεῦμα	1	the Spirit of glory and of God	Both of these refer to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “the Spirit of glory, who is the Spirit of God” or “the glorious Spirit of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1PE	4	14	nx6p		ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς ἀναπαύεται	1	is resting on you	is staying with you
1PE	4	15	nr6n		ἀλλοτριεπίσκοπος	1	a meddler	This refers to a person who gets involved with the affairs of others without having a right to do so.
1PE	4	16	xm8z		ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ	1	in this name	Alternate translation: “because he bears the name Christian” or “because people have recognized him as a Christian.” The words **this name** refer to the word “Christian”
1PE	4	17	x9np	figs-metaphor	τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the household of God	This phrase refers to believers, whom Peter speaks of as God’s family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	4	17	c8ke	figs-rquestion	εἰ δὲ πρῶτον ἀφ’ ἡμῶν, τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ?	1	but if first with us, what will be the end of those disobeying the gospel of God?	Peter use this question to emphasize that God’s judgment will be more severe for people who reject the gospel than for believers. Alternate translation: “If it begins with us, the outcome for those who do not obey God’s gospel will be much worse.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	4	17	z9zc		τί τὸ τέλος τῶν ἀπειθούντων	1	what will be the end of those disobeying	Alternate translation: “what will happen to those who disobey”
1PE	4	17	l3db		τῶν ἀπειθούντων τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ εὐαγγελίῳ	1	of those disobeying the gospel of God	Alternate translation: “of those who do not believe God’s gospel.” Here the word **disobeying** means they do not believe.
1PE	4	18	t762	figs-activepassive	εἰ ὁ δίκαιος μόλις σῴζεται	1	If with difficulty the righteous are being saved	Here the word **saved** refers to final salvation when Christ returns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If the righteous person experiences many difficulties before God saves him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	4	18	w8ke	figs-rquestion	ὁ δίκαιος…ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται?	1	the righteous … where will the ungodly and the sinner appear?	Peter use this question to emphasize that sinners will suffer much more than believers do. Alternate translation: “the righteous man … the outcome will be much worse for the ungodly and the sinner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1PE	4	18	ms54		ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς ποῦ φανεῖται	1	where will the ungodly and the sinner appear	Alternate translation: “what will happen to the ungodly and the sinner”
1PE	4	18	wb4v	figs-doublet	ὁ ἀσεβὴς καὶ ἁμαρτωλὸς	1	the ungodly and the sinner	The words **ungodly** and **sinner** mean basically the same thing and emphasize the wickedness of these people. Alternate translation: “ungodly sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1PE	4	19	qm3u	figs-synecdoche	παρατιθέσθωσαν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν	1	let … entrust their souls	Here the word **souls** refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “let … entrust themselves” or “let … entrust their lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1PE	4	19	wih1	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ἀγαθοποιΐᾳ	1	in well-doing	The abstract noun **well-doing** can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “while they do good” or “while they live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	5	intro	a6d9			0		# 1 Peter 5 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Most people in the ancient Near East would end a letter the way Peter ends this one.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Crowns<br><br>The crown that the Chief Shepherd will give is a reward, something that people who do something especially good receive. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Lion<br><br>All animals are afraid of lions because they are fast and strong, and they eat almost every other kind of animal. They also eat people. Satan wants to make God’s people afraid, so Peter uses the simile of a lion to teach his readers that Satan can harm their bodies, but if they trust in God and obey him, they will always be God’s people, and God will care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>### Babylon<br><br>Babylon was the evil nation that in Old Testament times had destroyed Jerusalem, taken the Jews away from their homes, and ruled over them. Peter uses Babylon as a metaphor for the nation that was persecuting the Christians he was writing to. He could have been referring to Jerusalem because the Jews were persecuting the Christians. Or he could have been referring to Rome because the Romans were persecuting the Christians. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	1	s8fr			0	General Information:	Peter speaks specifically to men who are elders.
1PE	5	1	yb3l	figs-metonymy	τῆς μελλούσης ἀποκαλύπτεσθαι δόξης	1	of the glory that is about to be revealed	This is a reference to Christ’s second coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	5	1	a6ve	figs-activepassive	τῆς μελλούσης ἀποκαλύπτεσθαι δόξης	1	of the glory that is about to be revealed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “of the glory of Christ that God will soon reveal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	5	2	a5s7	figs-metaphor	ποιμάνατε τὸ…ποίμνιον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	Shepherd the flock of God	Peter speaks of the believers as a **flock** of sheep and the elders as the shepherds who care for them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	3	lta9	figs-metaphor	μηδ’ ὡς κατακυριεύοντες τῶν κλήρων, ἀλλὰ τύποι γινόμενοι	1	And not as lording it over those who are allotted to you, but be examples	Elders are to lead by example and not act toward the people as a harsh master would toward his servants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	3	xwr3	figs-abstractnouns	τῶν κλήρων	1	those who are allotted to you	You can translate this using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “those whom God has placed in your care” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1PE	5	4	td11	figs-metaphor	φανερωθέντος τοῦ ἀρχιποίμενος	1	when the Chief Shepherd has been revealed	Peter speaks of Jesus as if he were a **shepherd** who had authority over all other shepherds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	4	qlek	figs-activepassive	φανερωθέντος τοῦ ἀρχιποίμενος	1	when the Chief Shepherd has been revealed	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when Jesus, the Chief Shepherd, appears” or “when God reveals Jesus, the Chief Shepherd” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	5	4	ll4r	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀμαράντινον τῆς δόξης στέφανον	1	the unfading crown of glory	Here the word **crown** represents the reward that someone receives as a symbol of victory. The word **unfading** means that it is eternal. Alternate translation: “a glorious prize that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	4	c6h3		τῆς δόξης στέφανον	1	crown of glory	glorious crown
1PE	5	5	qm2h			0	General Information:	Peter gives an instruction specifically to younger men and then continues to instruct all of the believers.
1PE	5	5	x6c2		ὁμοίως	1	In the same way	This refers back to the way the elders were to submit to the Chief Shepherd as Peter described in [1 Peter 5:1](../05/01.md) through [1 Peter 5:4](../05/04.md).
1PE	5	5	uh4n		πάντες	1	all of you	This refers to all believers, not just the younger men.
1PE	5	5	r6s6	figs-metaphor	τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε	1	clothe yourselves with humility	Peter speaks of having the moral quality of **humility** as putting on a piece of clothing. Alternate translation: “act humbly toward each other” or “act with humility” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	6	bie6	figs-metonymy	ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	under the mighty hand of God	Here the word **hand** refers to God’s power to save the humble and punish the proud. Alternate translation: “under God’s great power” or “before God, realizing that he has great power,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	5	7	c1uu	figs-metaphor	πᾶσαν τὴν μέριμναν ὑμῶν ἐπιρίψαντες ἐπ’ αὐτόν	1	having cast all your anxiety on him	Peter speaks of **anxiety** as if it were a heavy burden that a person places on God, rather than carrying it himself. Alternate translation: “trusting him with everything that worries you” or “letting him take care of all the things that trouble you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	8	k9nt	figs-idiom	νήψατε	1	Be sober	Here the word **sober** refers to mental clarity and alertness. See how you translated this in [1 Peter 1:13](../01/13.md). Alternate translation: “Control your thoughts” or “Be careful about what you think” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1PE	5	8	tl7i	figs-simile	διάβολος, ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος περιπατεῖ, ζητῶν τινα καταπιεῖν	1	the devil, is walking around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour	Peter compares the **devil** to a **roaring lion**. Just as a hungry lion completely devours its prey, the devil is **seeking** to completely destroy the faith of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1PE	5	8	l4u5		περιπατεῖ	1	is walking around	Alternate translation: “walking about” or “walking about and hunting”
1PE	5	9	v451		ὑμῶν ἀδελφότητι	1	your brotherhhood	Alternate translation: “your fellow believers”
1PE	5	9	i4ur		ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ	1	in the world	Alternate translation: “in various places throughout the world”
1PE	5	10	eex1			0	General Information:	This is the end of Peter’s letter. Here he gives his final remarks about his letter and his closing greetings.
1PE	5	10	suu9		ὀλίγον	1	for a little while	Alternate translation: “for a short time”
1PE	5	10	p648		ὁ…Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος	1	the God of all grace	Here the word **grace** may refer either to the things that **God** gives or to God’s character. This could mean: (1) This refers to the God who always gives us what we need. (2) This refers to the God who is always gracious.
1PE	5	10	lwz6		ὁ καλέσας ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν ἐν Χριστῷ	1	who has called you to his eternal glory in Christ	Alternate translation: “who has chose you to share his eternal glory in heaven because you are joined to Christ”
1PE	5	10	qf2h		καταρτίσει	1	will perfect	Alternate translation: “make perfect” or “restore” or “make well again”
1PE	5	10	j2nt	figs-metaphor	σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει	1	strengthen, and establish you	These two expressions have similar meanings, that is, that God will enable the believers to trust in him and to obey him regardless of any suffering they may experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	12	an6q		διὰ Σιλουανοῦ, ὑμῖν…δι’ ὀλίγων ἔγραψα	1	Through Silvanus … I wrote to you briefly	Silvanus wrote the words that Peter told him to write in the letter.
1PE	5	12	g1t6	figs-metonymy	ταύτην εἶναι ἀληθῆ χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	this is the true grace of God	This refers back to what Paul has written. Here the word **grace** refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers. Alternate translation: “I have written about the true grace of God” or “the gospel message I have written is God’s grace to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1PE	5	12	nm72	figs-metaphor	εἰς ἣν στῆτε	1	Stand in it	The word **it** refers to “the true grace of God.” Being strongly committed to this grace is spoken of as standing firmly in one place, refusing to move. Alternate translation: “Remain strongly committed to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	13	muq7	writing-symlanguage	ἡ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι	1	She who is in Babylon	Here, **she** probably refers to the group of believers who live in **Babylon**. Here, **Babylon** could mean: (1) This is a symbol for the city of Rome. (2) This is a symbol for anywhere that Christians are suffering. (3) This is a literal reference to the city of Babylon. It most likely refers to the city of Rome. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1PE	5	13	rpf5	figs-activepassive	συνεκλεκτὴ	1	chosen together with you	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whom God has chosen as he has chosen you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1PE	5	13	ws2x	figs-metaphor	ὁ υἱός μου	1	my son	Peter speaks of Mark as if he is his spiritual **son**. Alternate translation: “my spiritual son” or “who is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1PE	5	14	fc7b		φιλήματι ἀγάπης	1	a kiss of love	Alternate translation: “a loving kiss” or “a kiss to show your love for each other”