Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	bs9v				0	# Introduction to 2 Samuel\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of 2 Samuel\n\n1. The first years of David’s reign (1:1–7:29)\n    * Saul is killed; David is kind to Ishbosheth (1:1–4:12)\n    * David defeats the Philistines (5:1–25)\n    * Victories, the ark, the house of God (6:1–7:29)\n1. David extends his rule to all the Promised Land (8:1–10:19)\n1. David’s sin with Bathsheba (11:1–12:31)\n1. Amnon and Tamar; Absalom kills Amnon (13:1–14:33)\n1. The later years of David’s reign (15:1–24:25)\n    * Absalom rebels and is killed (15:1–18:33)\n    * David’s kingdom restored (19:1–20:26)\n    * Famine and warfare (21:1–14)\n    * David’s song of praise (22:1–23:7)\n    * David’s mighty men (23:8–39)\n    * Yahweh judges David’s sin of numbering the people; the plague stopped (24:1–25)\n\n### What is the Book of 2 Samuel about?\n\nThis book is about David ruling as king over Israel. He first ruled over the tribe of Judah for seven years. Then the other eleven tribes agreed to have him become their king. He ruled over all Israel for thirty-three years.\n\nThroughout this time, David led his army to fight foreign enemies who attacked Israel. However, he struggled the most against someone in his own family. Absalom, his son, rebelled and fought against him ([2 Samuel 13–19](../13/01.md)).\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel also tells about when David sinned greatly. He slept with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. When she became pregnant, David arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle. David and all Israel suffered much because of David’s sin. However, the writer also tells of Yahweh repeatedly showing David grace and love after David repented of his sin.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators can use the traditional title “2 Samuel,” or “Second Samuel.” Or translators may consider a clearer title such as “The Second Book about Samuel, Saul, and David.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n### What was the purpose of the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 2 Samuel begins where 1 Samuel ended. The writer continues to show how the tribes of Israel unite under the first kings of Israel. The Book of 2 Samuel centers around David as the king Yahweh chose to lead Israel.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIt is uncertain who wrote 2 Samuel. It may have been someone alive soon after King Solomon died. When Solomon died, the kingdom of Israel split into two kingdoms. The author probably lived in the southern kingdom of Judah. A descendant of David continued to rule over the southern kingdom. The author may have written 2 Samuel to defend David’s right to be king. This would prove that David’s descendant was the rightful king of God’s people.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What covenant had its beginning in the Book of 2 Samuel?\n\nIn 2 Samuel 7, Yahweh made a covenant with David. God promised to make a descendant of David rule forever over Israel. Christians believe that Jesus Christ fulfills this covenant. Jesus was a descendant of David. Jesus is the true “anointed one,” the person God chose to be king forever. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Why does the book refer to someone being addressed indirectly?\n\nDavid frequently refers to himself as “your servant” when he speaks to King Saul. He also calls Saul “my master.” Indirectly addressing a person in this way can be difficult to translate. It is intended to show that the speaker submits to the one being addressed. English sometimes uses the address “sir” or “ma’am” in this way.\n\n### Can I translate this book before 1 Samuel?\n\nThe Book of 1 Samuel should be translated before 2 Samuel, since 2 Samuel continues from where 1 Samuel ends.\n\n### How is the name “Israel” used in the Bible?\n\nThe name “Israel” is used in many different ways in the Bible. Jacob was the son of Isaac. God changed his name to Israel. The descendants of Jacob became a nation also called Israel. Eventually, the nation of Israel split into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom was named Israel. The southern kingdom was named Judah. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])\n\n2 Samuel speaks of both the northern kingdom of Israel and the whole nation of Israel as “Israel.” However, these references appear in the narrative long before the two kingdoms split apart. It seems clear that the references to Israel and Judah indicate that the author wrote 2 Samuel at a time after the kingdoms split. (See: [2 Samuel 2:10](../02/10.md); [2 Samuel 3:10](../03/10.md); [2 Samuel 5:5](../05/05.md); [2 Samuel 11:11](../11/11.md); [2 Samuel 12:8](../12/08.md); [2 Samuel 19:42–43](../19/42.md); [2 Samuel 21:2](../21/02.md); [2 Samuel 24:1](../24/01.md)).
1:intro	la44				0	# 2 Samuel 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 1:19–27.\n\nThis chapter continues the material from 1 Samuel.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s funeral song\nDavid praised Saul and Jonathan as great warriors and Jonathan as his dearest friend.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Synecdoche\n\nDavid used two figures of speech to express that Jonathan and Saul were great warriors: “the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:1	q125		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziklag	0	This is the name of a city in the southern part of Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:2	vci9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	On the third day	0	“After three days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1:2	v6vv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with his clothes torn and with dirt on his head	0	In this culture, tearing one’s own clothes and putting dirt on one’s head was an act of mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1:2	js3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	he lay facedown on the ground and prostrated himself	0	This was an act of showing submission to David, who was now the king of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1:4	j45j			Many have fallen and many are dead	0	This could mean: (1) “Many were wounded and many were killed” or (2) “Many were wounded and killed.”
1:6	uks7			By chance I happened to be	0	This statement emphasizes that the man did not plan to meet Saul.
1:6	g386		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Saul was leaning on his spear	0	This could mean: (1) Saul was weak and using the spear to support himself or (2) Saul was attempting to kill himself by falling on his own spear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1:8	x88n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	He said to me, ‘Who are you?’ I answered him, ‘I am an Amalekite.’	0	These direct quotations could be stated as indirect speech. Alternate translation: “He asked me who I was, and I told him that I am an Amalekite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1:8	nvy8			I am an Amalekite	0	These are the same people David just finishing attacking in [2 Samuel 1:1](../01/01.md).
1:9	t8ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	great suffering has taken hold of me	0	Saul’s suffering is spoken of as something terrible that has grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I am suffering terribly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:9	he7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	life is still in me	0	This idiom means he is still alive. Alternate translation: “I am still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:10	fh71			he would not live after he had fallen	0	Alternate translation: “he would die anyway”
1:11	lzf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	David tore his clothes … the men with him did the same	0	David and his men tore their clothes as a sign of mourning for the death of King Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1:12	j5yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	for the people of Yahweh, and for the house of Israel	0	Both statements mean basically same thing. The word “house” is a metonym that represents the descendants of Israel. But, both “people” and “house” probably are a synecdoche representing the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “for the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:12	v2al			Yahweh	0	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
1:12	h78c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they had fallen by the sword	0	Here “fallen” is a polite way of referring to being killed. Also, “sword” represents a battle. This here means “had been killed.” Alternate translation: “they had died in battle” or “enemies had killed them in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:13	tje8			Where are you from?	0	The man had already stated that he is an Amalekite in [2 Samuel 1:8](../01/08.md). David apparently asks the man to confirm this because of the serious judgment that David was going to pronounce on the man.
1:14	f3mp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why were you not afraid to kill Yahweh’s anointed … hand?	0	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have feared Yahweh and not killed his anointed … hand!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1:14	gdq9			Yahweh’s anointed king	0	This refers to Saul.
1:14	llc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with your own hand	0	This phrase refers to doing something yourself. Alternate translation: “yourself” or “personally” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:15	k3ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	struck him down	0	This idiom means “killed him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:16	sv2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your blood is on your head	0	Here “blood” is a metonym that implies “shed blood” and is associated with death. Here “your head” is a synecdoche referring to the man and means that he is responsible. Alternate translation: “You are responsible for your own death” or “You have caused your own death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:16	e596		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your own mouth has testified against you	0	Here “your own mouth” refers to the man himself. Alternate translation: “you have testified against yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1:17	k1zm				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid sings a song of mourning for Saul and Jonathan.
1:18	xw5d			Song of the Bow	0	This was the title of the song.
1:18	rz25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	which has been written in the Book of Jashar	0	This is background information added to tell the reader what happened to the song in the future. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1:18	h5m5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the Book of Jashar	0	The word “Jashar” means “upright.” Alternate translation: “the Book of the Upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1:19	bch8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Your glory, Israel, is dead	0	“Your glory” refers to Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:19	luf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the mighty	0	The phrase “the mighty” refers to both Saul and Jonathan. This nominal adjective is plural, and can be stated as “the mighty ones.”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1:19	v53l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	have fallen	0	The word “fallen” here means “died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1:20	as79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Do not tell it in Gath … do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon	0	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:20	new3			Gath … Ashkelon	0	Gath and Ashkelon are two of the Philistines’ major cities. The Philistines killed Saul and Jonathan.
1:20	m8lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	so that the daughters of the Philistines may not rejoice … so that the daughters of the uncircumcised may not celebrate	0	These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated as part of the poetry of the song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:20	kk6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the daughters of the uncircumcised	0	This phrase refers to people who do not follow Yahweh, such as the Philistines. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:21	yma7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	Mountains of Gilboa	0	David speaks directly to the “Mountains of Gilboa” as if they were listening to his song. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1:21	k9a4			let there not be dew or rain on you	0	David curses the ground where King Saul died in the battle. This was out of reverence for Saul, who was God’s anointed king.
1:21	nbh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the shield of the mighty was defiled	0	The “mighty” here refers to Saul. The shield was defiled because it fell on the ground, and because the king’s blood was shed on it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1:21	bh3a			The shield of Saul is no longer anointed with oil	0	Saul’s shield was made of leather. To care for the shield, it was rubbed with oil. Alternate translation: “No one will care for Saul’s shield anymore”
1:22	i5nk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	From the blood of those who have been killed, from the bodies of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not turn back, and the sword of Saul did not return empty	0	Saul and Jonathan are shown here to have been fierce and valiant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:22	px2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the sword of Saul did not return empty	0	Saul’s sword is spoken of as if it were a living thing that could return on its own. Rather than return empty, it was carrying the blood of Saul’s enemies that it killed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1:23	zvc3			in their death they were not separated	0	The phrase “were not separated” is used to emphasize that they were always together. Alternate translation: “even in death they were together”
1:23	k29g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions.	0	Saul and Jonathan were spoken of as if they were faster than eagles and stronger than lions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:24	b7wi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	who clothed you in scarlet as well as jewels, and who put ornaments of gold on your clothing	0	“who provided you nice clothes and jewelry.” These two phrases share similar meanings that describe providing the women with expensive, attractive clothing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1:25	lw46			How the mighty have fallen in the midst of the battle	0	This phrase is repeated in verse 27 to emphasize that Israel’s best warriors are dead. Alternate translation: “The mighty men have died in battle”
1:25	s578		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the mighty	0	Here “mighty” is plural and may refer to only Saul and Jonathan, or to all of the soldiers of Israel. Alternate translation: “the mighty warriors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1:25	ap6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	have fallen	0	This is a polite way to say “have died.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1:25	l3rx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jonathan is killed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Jonathan has died in battle” or “The enemy has killed Jonathan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1:25	i3z2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe	on your high places	0	David continues to address this part of the song to the mountains of Gilboa as he started in [2 Samuel 1:21](../01/21.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
1:26	eg6m			my brother Jonathan	0	Here “brother” is used in the sense of a very close friend.
1:26	l4ln			Your love to me was wonderful, exceeding the love of women	0	Here “love” is used in the sense of friendship and loyalty. Jonathan’s loyalty to David was even greater than the loyalty a woman has for her husband and children.
2:intro	k322				0	# 2 Samuel 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of the civil war between Saul’s son and David.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Civil war\n\nThere was a civil war in Israel. David was made king of Judah and Saul’s uncle (Abner) made Saul’s son (Ishbosheth) king of the rest of Israel. When they fought each other, Abner killed Joab’s brother, but David’s army was victorious.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question\n\nAbner finally stopped the battle with a rhetorical question to David’s army. “Must the sword devour forever?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2:1	lt47			After this	0	Alternate translation: “After David mourned the deaths of Saul and Jonathan in battle”
2:1	ncw1			go up to one of the cities of Judah	0	At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. David used the phrase “go up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Judah. Alternate translation: “travel to one of the cities of Judah”
2:2	x7ln			David went up with his two wives	0	At this time David was in the city of Ziklag. The narrator uses the phrase “went up” because Ziklag was lower in elevation than Hebron. Alternate translation: “David traveled to Hebron with his two wives”
2:4	jw8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	anointed David king	0	In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2:4	gc4b			the house of Judah	0	Here “house” is used in the sense of “tribe.” Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah”
2:4	h1l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jabesh Gilead	0	This is the name of a town in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:6	c5wi				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid speaks to the people of Jabesh Gilead.
2:6	jp9r			this thing	0	They buried Saul.
2:7	ss4u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let your hands be strong	0	Here “hands” refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate translation: “be strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:7	c3td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	anointed me king	0	In this symbolic act, they poured oil on David’s head to show that he was selected to be the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2:8	m5pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner … Ishbosheth	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:8	i3ah		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:9	e9wt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gilead … Jezreel	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:10	fb37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the house of Judah followed David	0	Obeying David’s rule is spoken of as “following” him. Alternate translation: “the tribe of Judah obeyed David as their king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:10	kz8s			house of Judah	0	Here “house” is used to mean “tribe.”
2:12	t3hi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abner … Ner … Ishbosheth … Saul	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:13	n2wn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:16	ni8p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	they fell down together	0	This is a polite way of saying they died. Alternate translation: “they both died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:16	x416		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Helkath Hazzurim	0	This is a name given to remind people what happened there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:17	gm4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The battle was very severe that day	0	It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate translation: “Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:18	smv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah … Joab … Abishai … Asahel	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:18	n11n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Asahel was swift in his feet like a wild gazelle	0	Here Asahel is compared to a gazelle, an animal that runs very fast. Alternate translation: “Asahel could run very fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:18	aak9			wild gazelle	0	This small, four-legged animal, with two long horns on its head, runs very fast.
2:19	mmf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abner	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:19	j8wb			followed him without turning away in any direction	0	Here “without turning away” is stated in negative form to emphasize how closely he followed Abner’s path. Alternate translation: “followed him wherever he went”
2:20	jd6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Asahel	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:21	we6k			Turn aside to your right or to your left … turn aside	0	Alternate translation: “Stop chasing me … stop chasing Abner”
2:21	ck9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	seize one of the young men and take his armor	0	Abner was asking Asahel to kill and plunder another younger soldier who would not be as dangerous as Abner. He did not want to kill Asahel. Alternate translation: “fight with another soldier and take his equipment as plunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:22	mpv8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should I strike you to the ground?	0	This rhetorical question is used to warn Asahel of the danger he faced. “Strike to the ground” is a polite way of saying “to kill.” Alternate translation: “I do not wish to kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:22	k44v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How then could I hold up my face to Joab, your brother?	0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that Abner does not want to fight and kill Asahel because it would destroy Abner’s relationship with Joab. Here “hold up my face to Joab” is an idiom that means that he would be too ashamed to look at Joab. Alternate translation: “I would be too ashamed to look at your brother, Joab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:23	y5pa			turn aside	0	This means to “halt” or “stop chasing.”
2:23	eb53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the blunt end of his spear	0	This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:24	dk79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:24	ja3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	hill of Ammah … Giah	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:26	w79x			Abner called	0	Alternate translation: “Abner shouted” or “Abner yelled”
2:26	bju9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Must the sword devour forever?	0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that the battle had already continued too long. Here “sword” refers to the fighting. The killing in the battle is spoken of as if a wild animal was eating the soldiers. Alternate translation: “We do not need to keep using our swords to fight and kill each other.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:26	ukm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know it will be bitter in the end?	0	This rhetorical question is used to force Joab to acknowledge that continued fighting could only result in more suffering. Here “bitter” is a euphemism for the terrible suffering that would occur. Alternate translation: “You know very well that there will be a terrible result if this continues!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:26	e6un		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How long will it be before you tell your men to stop pursuing their brothers?	0	This rhetorical question is intended to convince Joab to stop fighting their fellow Israelites. Here “brother” is used to represent the members of the nation of Israel. Alternate translation: “Stop this now so that Israelites will not have to kill each other!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:27	yh65			Just as God lives	0	This is a very strong vow. Alternate translation: “With God as my witness” or “God will affirm that I mean what I say”
2:27	gze5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if you had not said that … pursued their brothers until the morning	0	This hypothetical statement tells what might have happened if Abner had not spoken wisely to Joab. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
2:28	qt3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	blew the trumpet	0	Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:28	zk88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	did not pursue Israel	0	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:29	g9ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arabah … Mahanaim	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:30	ju9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Asahel	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2:31	e92j			360 men of Benjamin with Abner	0	“360 men from Benjamin who followed Abner.” Abner did not die.
2:31	qxt6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	360 men	0	“three hundred and sixty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2:31	d81h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	of Benjamin	0	This phrase means “from the tribe of Benjamin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:32	e5xq			took up Asahel	0	Alternate translation: “carried Asahel’s body with them”
2:32	pzw9			the day dawned on them at Hebron	0	Alternate translation: “they arrived at Hebron by dawn the next morning”
3:intro	ka39				0	# 2 Samuel 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter records the first attempt to end the civil war.\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 3:33–34.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid never wanted to hurt Saul’s family. Isbosheth criticized Abner and Abner became angry. He decided to help David become king of all of Israel. Abner came and made a treaty with David. As he left, Joab arrived and told him he wanted to talk to him and he murdered Abner. David was very unhappy that Abner had been killed.
3:1	sq7q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here Samuel gives information about the war between David and the supporters of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3:1	u6f1			house	0	Here “house” is used to mean “supporters.”
3:1	lag1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	grew stronger and stronger	0	This metaphor means the number of people supporting David increased. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:1	dju3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	grew weaker and weaker	0	This metaphor means the number of people supporting Saul’s family decreased. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:2	w7d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Sons were born to David	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David’s wives gave birth to six sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:2	q2r6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahinoam	0	This is the name of a woman, a wife of David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:3	j96y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	second son … third	0	These two sons were born after the “firstborn” (verse 2). This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:3	hxl2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abigail … Maacah	0	These are women’s names. They are the wives of David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:3	hy1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kileab … Nabal … Talmai	0	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:4	m8yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fourth son … fifth son	0	This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:4	d5td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adonijah … Shephatiah	0	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:4	ai9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Haggith … Abital	0	These are names of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:5	nky8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the sixth	0	This is the numerical order of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:5	n4tz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ithream	0	This is the name of one of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:5	ujk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Eglah	0	This is the name of one of David’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:6	vrd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	This introduces a new event in the story of the struggle between David’s supporters and Saul’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
3:6	n8iu			house of Saul	0	This refers to Saul’s family and supporters who assumed control of his estate after he died.
3:6	fu4e			house of David	0	This refers to the supporters of David.
3:6	ahk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul	0	Abner’s increasing power over Saul’s family is spoken of as if he became physically stronger. Alternate translation: “Abner gained more power over the family and supporters of Saul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7	wnw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rizpah … Aiah	0	These are names of women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:7	nvs7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishbosheth	0	This is a male name, a son of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:7	y6er		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?	0	Ishbosheth asked this question to rebuke Abner who was acting like he was the king. Alternate translation: “You did not have the right to go in to father’s concubine!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:7	x31p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	gone in to	0	This is a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3:8	jcd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?	0	This question is used by Abner as an angry denial of Ishbosheth’s accusation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:8	rjr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah?	0	Abner speaks of himself as the head of a dog, which the Israelites considered to be loyal to anyone who fed them. Here “belongs to Judah” implies that Abner’s loyalty is to Judah, to which David belonged, and not to Saul’s house. Alternate translation: “Am I a traitor for Judah?” or “I am not a traitor working for David!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:8	jb39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of David	0	Here “hand” represents the power to defeat. Alternate translation: “to be defeated by David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:8	lub9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But now you accuse me of an offense concerning this woman?	0	Abner asks this question to rebuke Ishbosheth. It is unclear if Abner actually slept with Rizpah, or if he was falsely accused. This could mean: (1) Abner was guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not be upset that I slept with this woman!” or (2) Abner was not guilty. Alternate translation: “You should not think that I have slept with this woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:9	a45s			May God do so to me … and more also, if I do not	0	This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. Abner is asking God to judge him severely if he does not keep his vow. Your language may have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if I do not”
3:10	h7qr			the house of Saul	0	Here “house” refers to Saul’s family and supporters who survived Saul’s death. Alternate translation: “the family and supporters of Saul”
3:10	m8b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	throne of David	0	This phrase refers to the authority of David as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:12	y24c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	to David	0	Some versions add “when he was at Hebron” and others do not. You may want to add the phrase if it is present in your national version. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
3:12	alc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Whose land is this?	0	The original text of this question is not clear. This could mean: (1) Abner had the power to give the land to David. Alternate translation: “This land is mine!” or (2) David is chosen by God to rule the land: Alternate translation: “This land rightfully belongs to you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:12	mm4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my hand is with you	0	Here “hand” represents Abner’s assistance that he is offering to David. Alternate translation: “I will assist you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:13	r77z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal	0	David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here “face” refers to David himself. Alternate translation: “you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:13	mks3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Michal	0	This is the name of a daughter of Saul. She was David’s first wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:14	x49c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one hundred Philistine foreskins	0	This represents the number of men David killed so that Saul would allow him to marry Michal. These men are represented here by their “foreskins.” The “foreskin” is the fold of skin that covers the male reproductive organ. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:15	ch63		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	took her from her husband	0	Paltiel was Michal’s second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:15	z1ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Paltiel … Laish	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:16	uhj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bahurim	0	This is the name of a village. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:18	js5z			Now do it	0	Alternate translation: “So now make David your king”
3:18	iac5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	By the hand of my servant David	0	Here “hand” refers to David’s power to defeat the Philistines. Alternate translation: “I will empower my servant David and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:18	c3te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of the Philistines	0	Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of the Philistines” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:18	d2l2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of all their enemies	0	Here “hand” refers to power over Israel. Alternate translation: “the power of all of their enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:19	qv92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the people of Benjamin … the whole house of Benjamin	0	Both of these statements refer to the descendants of Benjamin, who were one of the tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:20	bp1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty of his men	0	The number of men who came with Abner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3:21	k2bu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all Israel	0	This phrase means “all of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:21	ej77			So David sent Abner away	0	They parted as friends. David was not angry with Abner.
3:22	x15t			plunder	0	These are items taken from the enemy.
3:22	c54e			Abner was not with David in Hebron	0	Abner had already left to return home.
3:23	e26m			they told Joab	0	Alternate translation: “someone told Joab”
3:23	d2r8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner	0	This is a man’s name. He is the grandfather of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:24	nzs6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have you done?	0	Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner go in peace. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:24	ia9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you sent him away, and he is gone?	0	Joab asks this question to rebuke David for letting Abner escape. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abner was here and you let him leave!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:25	c3xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know … everything you are doing?	0	Joab asks this question to convince David that Abner is plotting against David. Alternate translation: “Surely you know … everything you are doing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:26	v16b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	well of Sirah	0	“Sirah” is the name of a place where the well was located. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:27	w3m9			the middle of the gate	0	This refers to one of the gates in the city wall at Hebron. As the UST implies, city gates were constructed as part of buildings set into the city walls. Inside the passageway were doors leading to side rooms, where guests could be received and business and judicial proceedings could be conducted. It was probably in one of these rooms that Joab murdered Abner.
3:27	us2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the blood of Asahel	0	Here “blood” is associated with the death of Asahel. Alternate translation: “the death of Asahel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:27	fbb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Asahel	0	This is the name of a male person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:28	esw1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the blood of Abner	0	Here “blood” refers to violent death. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 3:27](../03/27.md). Alternate translation: “the death of Abner” or “the murder of Abner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:28	kq45		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:29	h3l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house	0	This phrase means the results of the guilt will happen to Joab and his family as if something heavy had collapsed on them. Alternate translation: “always cause suffering for Joab and for all his father’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:29	vz8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all his father’s house	0	Here “house” refers to descendants. Alternate translation: “all the descendants of Joab’s father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:29	l3jd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	May there never fail to be	0	This double negative emphasizes that there will always be someone with the problems listed. Alternate translation: “May there always be” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:29	lvn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	is killed by the sword	0	Here “sword” refers to violent death. Alternate translation: “dies violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:29	wgz1			goes without food	0	Alternate translation: “is hungry”
3:30	x1zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai … Asahel	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:31	g9pr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth	0	These were symbolic actions to demonstrate their grief and sadness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3:32	d6g4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The king wept and cried loudly	0	The words “wept” and “cried loudly” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how much David mourned for Abner. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3:33	aq3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should Abner die as a fool dies?	0	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that his death was not fair. Alternate translation: “Abner should not have died in disgrace!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3:34	b11c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Your hands were not bound. Your feet were not shackled	0	These two sentences express similar ideas. They can be combined into one sentence. Alternate translation: “You were in no way a criminal in prison” or “You were completely innocent of doing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3:34	ni42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your hands were not bound	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had tied your hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:34	uia7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your feet were not shackled	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one had attached your feet to chains” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:34	im2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sons of injustice	0	This refers to people who are unjust or wicked. Alternate translation: “wicked men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:35	zt2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	All the people came	0	This deliberate exaggeration is used to show that the nation of Israel wanted to take care of David in his grief. Alternate translation: “Many people came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
3:35	s8g2			May God do so to me, and more also, if	0	This is the form of a solemn vow in that time. David is asking God to judge him severely if he eats anything before sunset. Your language many have a way of expressing vows. Alternate translation: “I am asking God to punish me if”
3:37	ax2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ner	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:38	z5pr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you not know that a prince and a great man has fallen this day in Israel?	0	This rhetorical question is used to show how much David respected Abner. Here “fallen” is a euphemism that means “died.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is certainly true that a great prince has died today in Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3:38	wxn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	a prince and a great man	0	These two phrases both refer to Abner. Alternate translation: “a great prince” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
3:39	e6ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3:39	bw2y			are too brutal	0	Alternate translation: “are too much like animals” or “are too violent”
4:intro	hm82				0	# 2 Samuel 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nWhile the end of the civil war occurs in this chapter, David still only reigned over Judah (1–4).\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David and Ishbosheth\n\nDavid never sought revenge against Saul’s family. When two men snuck into Ishbosheth’s room, cut off his head and brought it to David, David had them killed for killing an innocent man. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWhen two men brought Ishbosheth’s head to David and expected to get a reward for it, David condemned them with the rhetorical question: “should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/condemn]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/reward]])
4:1	jmf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishbosheth	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:1	jnb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his hands became weak	0	In this phrase “his hands” represents Ishbosheth himself. Alternate translation: “Ishbosheth became weak” or “Ishbosheth lost all strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:2	zhe1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baanah … Recab … Rimmon	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:2	uag2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants	Now Saul’s son had two men	0	This introduces the men Baanah and Rechab into the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
4:2	d6gi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	for Beeroth is also considered part of Benjamin	0	Here the author begins to provide background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
4:2	c93q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beeroth	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:3	uyh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim and have been living there until this very time	0	Here the author finishes providing background information about Beeroth for the reader. The area of Beeroth was part of the land that belonged to the tribe of Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
4:3	qq9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gittaim	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:4	th4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background		0	# General Information:\n\nThis verse pauses the main story to provide background information about Mephibosheth, a descendent of Saul through Jonathan instead of through Ishbosheth. Mephibosheth will become an important character later in the book. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
4:4	rav8			crippled in his feet	0	This phrase means “unable to walk.”
4:4	as76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	five years old	0	This was the age of Jonathan’s son at the time of his father’s death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
4:4	d8qr			the news about Saul and Jonathan	0	This refers to the news about their death.
4:4	zj2w			nurse	0	This is a woman or girl who is hired to care for young children.
4:4	hwu8			became lame	0	This explains how Mephibosheth was injured so he was unable to walk.
4:4	xl1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mephibosheth	0	This is the name of Jonathan’s young son, the grandson of Saul. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4:5	rr92				0	# General Information:\n\nThe story returns to the actions of Rechab and Baanah who were introduced in [2 Samuel 4:2](./02.md).
4:5	f4qv			the heat of the day	0	the middle of the day, the part of the day when it is the hottest
4:6	g8pb			sifting wheat	0	Alternate translation: “cleaning chaff from wheat”
4:8	n1gd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	sought your life	0	This idiom means “was trying to kill you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4:9	c7l9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As Yahweh lives	0	This is one of the strongest oaths David could swear, as Yahweh is the witness. Alternate translation: “I swear on the life of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4:9	qe3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	who delivered my life	0	Here “life” refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate translation: “who rescued me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:11	ve2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How much more … should I not now require his blood from your hand, and remove you from the earth?	0	This question is used to show that the men had committed an especially serious crime. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are even more guilty! It is my duty to require his blood from your hand and to remove you from the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4:11	pl52		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	require his blood from your hand	0	The phrase “his blood” represents the life of Ishbosheth. Here “from your hand” represents Rechab and Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, introduced in [2 Samuel 4:5](./05.md). Alternate translation: “hold you responsible for the death of Ishbosheth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:12	b1ep		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	cut off their hands and feet and hung them up	0	These were symbolic actions to show contempt for the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
4:12	a16g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	they took the head of Ishbosheth and buried it in the grave	0	This was a symbolic act to honor Ishbosheth. This could be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “they honored Ishbosheth by burying his head in the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5:intro	jv2a				0	# 2 Samuel 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis records the beginning of the kingdom’s expansion.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David conquers Jerusalem\n\nDavid brought the combined army to Jerusalem and conquered it by going in through the water shaft. He enlarged the city and strengthened the defenses, and made it his capital. Jerusalem is an important place in the plans of God.\n\n### David consulting God\n\nDavid always consulted God before fighting a battle. The Philistines invaded Israel trying to capture David. David asked God if he should attack the Philistines, and God said yes; so he defeated them. They invaded again and God told him to attack them from the rear and he defeated them again.
5:1	qs6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	we are your flesh and bone	0	This phrase means “a relative.” Alternate translation: “we are related to you” or “we are of the same family” - (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
5:2	h5dx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	In the recent past	0	This is historical information. Saul had been their king before David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
5:2	fr5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become ruler over Israel	0	These two clauses mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh had chosen David to be king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:2	rcd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You will shepherd my people Israel	0	Here ruling over the people is spoken of as shepherding them. Alternate translation: “You will care for my people Israel” or “You will rule over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:3	ep1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	They anointed David king over Israel	0	To “anoint” is a symbolic act to show that they recognized that God had chosen David as king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
5:6	w24t				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid and the army of Israel attack Jerusalem.
5:6	j73y			You will not come here except to be turned away by the blind and the lame	0	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “If you come here, even the blind and the lame will be able to turn you away”
5:6	m16b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the blind and the lame	0	Here “the blind” and “the lame” are nominal adjectives. Alternate translation: “those people who cannot see and those who cannot walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
5:8	c5p9			David said, “Those who attack the Jebusites	0	David was speaking to his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David said to his soldiers, ‘Those who want to get rid of the Jebus people”
5:8	z3vc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The ‘blind and the lame’	0	This could mean: (1) this refers to people who are truly lame and blind or (2) this is a metonym that speaks about the Jebusites inside the city of Jerusalem as if they were all weak and handicapped. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:11	m9gy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hiram	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:11	fv7z			carpenters	0	those who work with wood
5:11	s2rm			masons	0	those who work with stone or brick
5:13	d3s6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	more sons and daughters were born to him	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he had more sons and daughters” or “they bore him more sons and daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:14	fcd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shammua … Shobab … Nathan … Solomon	0	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:14	lw16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were born to him	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that his wives bore for him” or “he had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:15	t2yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ibhar … Elishua … Nepheg … Japhia	0	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:16	xzm3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elishama … Eliada … Eliphelet	0	These are the names of David’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:17	y7vu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	David had been anointed as king over Israel	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Israel had anointed David as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:17	w75r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they all went out looking for him	0	Here “all” is a generalization that means the Philistine army. Alternate translation: “the Philistine army went looking for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
5:18	f39y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Rephaim	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:20	sm5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baal Perazim	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:20	n37i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Yahweh has burst through my enemies before me like a bursting flood of water	0	Here David speaks of the victory that Yahweh brought as if it were a flood of water that overflowed its banks and covered the land, causing destruction. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has overwhelmed my enemies like a flood overwhelms the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5:22	ipp2			the Philistines came up again	0	They “came up” because the Philistines lived at a lower elevation than David’s stronghold.
5:22	u2gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Rephaim	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:23	lzk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	balsam woods	0	“Balsam” here is a type of tree, and the “woods” describe many balsam trees growing together. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5:24	vp29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	When you hear … Yahweh will have gone out before you to attack the army of the Philistines	0	This is the continuation of Yahweh’s instruction to David that began in [2 Samuel 5:23](../05/23.md). Yahweh here speaks of himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
5:24	ccz2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When you hear the sound of marching in the wind blowing through the balsam treetops	0	This speaks of the sound of the leaves rustling as wind blows through them as if it were the sound of marching. Alternate translation: “When the wind blowing through the tops of the balsam trees sounds like men marching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:25	z8t1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Geba … Gezer	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:intro	aen5				0	# 2 Samuel 6 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Bringing the Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem\n\nDavid organized a procession with many musical instruments to bring the ark to Jerusalem. They put it on a cart; but when the oxen stumbled, Uzzah reached out to steady it so it would not fall. God killed him for touching the ark. David was angry at God for killing Uzzah and was afraid to bring the ark any further. Uzzah died because the ark was perfectly holy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])\n\n### Dancing\n\nDavid danced for joy in front of the ark. His wife, Michal, criticized David for uncovering himself as he danced, but David did not care. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Irony\n\nMichal criticized David by using irony: “How honored the king of Israel was today, who undressed himself today before the eyes of the slave girls among his servants, like one of the crude fellows who shamelessly undresses himself!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
6:1	prk3			Now	0	This word marks a new part of the story.
6:1	dz26		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the chosen men of Israel	0	This metonym represents the army of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:1	f7cl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty thousand	0	“30,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
6:2	bci3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God	0	It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:2	vy3h			to bring up from there the ark of God	0	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it.
6:2	jrd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	to bring up	0	The word “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
6:2	t6ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baalah	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:2	pkw6			which is called by the name of Yahweh of hosts	0	Yahweh’s name was written on the ark.
6:2	ima6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	who sits enthroned over the cherubim	0	You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh’s footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate translation: “who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:2	ae72			enthroned	0	to sit on a throne
6:3	y6lf				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid and the army of the nation of Israel move the ark of the covenant.
6:3	b2eb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abinadab … Uzzah … Ahio	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:5	h1vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the house of Israel	0	This metonym represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:5	g4xk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tambourines	0	A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
6:5	tc14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	rattles	0	musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
6:5	d3bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	cymbals	0	two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
6:6	ju6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Nakon	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:7	yht6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	anger of Yahweh burned	0	Here the “anger of Yahweh” is spoken of as if it were fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:7	b8dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for his sin	0	It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:8	e8lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Perez Uzzah	0	This is the name of a place. Translator may add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Perez Uzzah’ means ‘the punishment of Uzzah.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:8	tqy3			to this day	0	This means to the time when this was being written, not to the present time in the twenty-first century.
6:9	yx34		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How can the ark of Yahweh come to me?	0	David uses this question to emphasize that he is afraid to take the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “I am too afraid to bring the ark of Yahweh with me to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:10	qjd6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Obed Edom the Gittite	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6:11	a4fg			blessed him	0	Here “him” refers to Obed Edom the Gittite.
6:12	kg8i			Now	0	This word starts a new part of the story.
6:12	j7ru		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	King David was told	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people told King David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:12	tg1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Obed Edom’s house	0	Here “house” represents a family. Alternate translation: “Obed Edom and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:12	tke4			brought up the ark of God	0	Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. Alternate translation: “moved the ark of God” or “took the ark of God”
6:12	d195		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	brought up	0	The word “brought” can be translated as “took.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
6:14	m97q			David danced before Yahweh with all his might	0	Dancing here is a form of joyfully worshiping Yahweh.
6:14	ubu5			linen	0	a cloth made from fibers of the flax plant
6:15	td5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the house of Israel	0	Here “house” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “all the other Israelites with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:16	qn6w			Now … in her heart	0	The word “Now” marks a break in the story line. Here the narrator gives information about Michal.
6:16	jz44			Michal	0	Michal was the daughter of King Saul and also David’s first wife. See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
6:16	tjm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	she despised him in her heart	0	Here “heart” represents thoughts or emotions. Alternate translation: “she looked at him with disdain” or “she sneered at him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:16	b6w2			before Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “to Yahweh”
6:18	k4ta		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he blessed the people in the name of Yahweh of hosts	0	To bless “in the name of Yahweh of hosts” means to bless with Yahweh’s power and authority or as his representative. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:19	m8cs			cake of raisins	0	a baked sweet bread made with dried grapes
6:20	k14x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	came out	0	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
6:20	jd22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	How honored the king of Israel was today	0	This is an ironic statement. Michal means the opposite of what she said, and she does not believe David acted honorably. Michal speaks disrespectfully to King David about his dancing attire and behavior. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
6:20	nsq4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	before the eyes of the slave girls	0	Here “eyes of the slave girls” represents the slave girls. Alternate translation: “in front of the slave girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6:20	b7au			crude fellows	0	Michal is comparing David to vulgar and foolish men.
6:21	pz59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	who chose me above your father	0	Here “your” refers to Michal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
6:21	a36n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	over the people of Yahweh, over Israel	0	Here “the people of Yahweh” and “Israel” mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6:22	run9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	I will be even more undignified than this	0	David is being ironic and means the opposite of what he said. He does not believe what he did was actually undignified or that his actions in the future will be undignified. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
6:22	y1pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will be humiliated in my own eyes	0	Here “in my own eyes” represents what a person considers or thinks about something. Alternate translation: “I will consider myself humiliated” or “I will consider myself a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:22	ifj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	But by these slave girls you have spoken about, I will be honored	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the slave girls of whom you have spoken will honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:23	cjq6			had no children to the day of her death	0	Alternate translation: “was never able to bear any children”
7:intro	c6fb				0	# 2 Samuel 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the finishing of a small interruption about the house of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/houseofgod]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\nDavid wanted to honor God by building him a temple. God told David that he would not build it, but his son would build it. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])\n\n### Covenant of David\n\nGod made a covenant with David that was not conditioned upon anything David or his descendants did. God promised that one of David’s descendants would rule Israel forever. Because Israel would not have a king in the future, this promise did not begin at this time. The descendant, who would rule forever, is Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])
7:1	cu7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It happened	0	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
7:1	r5ag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	given him rest from all his surrounding enemies	0	“given him safety from all his surrounding enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “caused the enemy people groups to stop attacking Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:2	chf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I am living in a house of cedar	0	Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate translation: “I am living in a strong, permanent house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:2	uvh3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent	0	Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. Alternate translation: “the ark of God is staying in a temporary place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:3	q2im		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	do what is in your heart	0	Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “do what you think you should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:3	aw2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	for Yahweh is with you	0	Here “with you” means God is helping and blessing David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:4	l5r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to Nathan, saying:	0	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Nathan. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Nathan:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:5	ebh5			Go and tell David my servant, ‘This is what Yahweh says: Will you build me a house in which to live?	0	This is the beginning of a quotation that contains quotations within it.
7:5	kj3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you build me a house in which to live?	0	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that David is not the one to build a house for Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not build a house for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:5	j3s5			build me a house	0	Here “house” means a temple. In 7:11 Yahweh will say that he will build a house for David. There “house” means a family. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:11.
7:7	t5dj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, saying, “Why have you not built me a house of cedar?”	0	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “did I ever ask any of Israel’s leaders, whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel, why they had not built me a house of cedar?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7:7	azt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	did I ever say anything to any of Israel’s leaders	0	Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he never asked any of Israel’s leaders to build him a house. Alternate translation: “I never said anything to any of Israel’s leaders” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:7	vnx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	whom I appointed to shepherd my people Israel	0	Those who are leaders of the people of Israel are spoken of as if they were shepherds and the people were sheep. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:7	kek6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have you not built me a house of cedar?	0	If Yahweh had asked the leaders this question, he would have been using a question to scold them for not building him a house of cedar. But, Yahweh said previously that he did not ask them this question. Alternate translation: “You should have built me a house of cedar.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:8	k8e3				0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh describes his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
7:8	knq9			Now	0	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
7:8	xsx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	tell my servant David, ‘This is what Yahweh of hosts says: I took you … so that you would be ruler over my people Israel.	0	This has quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “tell my servant David that I took him … so that he would be ruler over my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7:8	fe6g			tell my servant David	0	Yahweh is still telling the prophet Nathan what he should tell David.
7:8	dae2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I took you from the pasture	0	David’s job as a shepherd is referred to by the place he watched his sheep. Alternate translation: “I took you from your job as a shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:9	euh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	I have been with you wherever you went. I have cut off all your enemies from before you. Now I will make your name great, like the names of the great ones of the earth	0	This continues the quotations within quotations. It may be necessary to translate the direct quotations as indirect quotations as in the UST. Alternate translation: “I have been with him wherever he went. I have cut off all his enemies from before him. Now I will make his name great, like the name of the great ones of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7:9	arz6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have been with you	0	Here “with you” means that Yahweh has helped and blessed David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:9	pbz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I have cut off all your enemies	0	Yahweh destroying David’s enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh cut them off, as one would cut a piece of cloth or cut a branch from a tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:9	g9f5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make your name great	0	Here “name” represents a person’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:9	vtf6			the great ones	0	The phrase “great ones” means famous persons.
7:10	k1yc			I will appoint a place	0	Alternate translation: “I will choose a place”
7:10	etx1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will plant them there	0	Yahweh causing the people to live in the land permanently and securely is spoken of as if he would plant them in the land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:10	kax4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	be troubled no more	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will ever trouble them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:11	wxh3			from the days	0	Alternate translation: “from the time”
7:11	d6c8			I commanded judges	0	After the people of Israel entered the land of Canaan and before they had kings to rule them, God appointed leaders called “judges” to lead them in times of trouble.
7:11	gat9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to be over my people Israel	0	To be in authority is referred to as being over someone. Alternate translation: “to rule my people Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:11	cyy5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	Now I will give you rest from all your enemies … declare to you that I will make you a house	0	If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “him” or “his.” Alternate translation: “Now I will give him rest from all his enemies … declare to him that I will make him a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7:11	a1aw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I will give you rest from all your enemies	0	“I will give you safety from all your enemies.” Here “rest” is an abstract noun. Alternate translation: “I will make all your enemies stop attacking you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:11	ax6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will make you a house	0	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:12	bvq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers	0	These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. They both are polite ways to refer to death and dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
7:12	zh5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I will raise up a descendant after you	0	Yahweh appointing David’s descendant is spoken of as if Yahweh would raise or lift him up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:12	n1u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	one who will come out from your body	0	This is an idiom that means the person will be David’s descendant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:12	wn76		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will establish his kingdom	0	Here “his kingdom” represents his power to rule. Alternate translation: “I will make him to be a very powerful king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:13	rz89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a house for my name	0	Here “name” refers to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a permanent dwelling for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:13	nmu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever	0	Here “throne” represents the person’s power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will make his rule over Israel to last forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:14	n2sv			I will be a father to him, and he will be my son	0	The prophecy in 7:12–14 refers to Solomon, David’s son. But, aspects of the prophecy will be fulfilled by Jesus. So, here it is best to translate the words “father” and “son” with your normal words for a biological father and son.
7:15	hg5v				0	# General Information:\n\nYahweh finishes describing his promises to King David through the prophet Nathan.
7:15	h75j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	But my covenant faithfulness will not leave him, as I took it from Saul	0	The word “faithfulness” is an abstract noun that can be stated as “faithfully loving.” Alternate translation: “I will never stop faithfully loving him as I stopped loving Saul” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7:15	a6sg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	from before you	0	If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “from before David. David’s house … before him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7:16	q3bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	Your house … before you. Your throne	0	If in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md) and [2 Samuel 7:9](../07/09.md) you translated the direct quotations as indirect quotation, then here you may need to translate “you” as “David” or “him” or “his” as in the UST. Alternate translation: “David’s house … before him. His throne” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
7:16	t2rk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you. Your throne will be established forever.	0	These two sentences have similar meanings and emphasize that David’s dynasty will last forever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:16	y1vv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Your house and kingdom will be confirmed forever before you	0	Here the word “house” represents David’s descendants, who will rule as kings. Here “kingdom” means about the same thing as “house.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will live to see me establish your family and their rule over the people of Israel forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:16	bu2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Your throne will be established forever	0	Here “throne” represents the power to rule as king. Alternate translation: “I will cause your descendants to rule over Israel forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:17	mei7			all these words	0	“all these things.” This refers to what Yahweh had said.
7:17	m93t			he told him about the entire vision	0	Alternate translation: “he told him about everything Yahweh revealed to him”
7:18	nf24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who am I, Yahweh God, and what is my family that you have brought me to this point?	0	David asks this question to express the deep emotion he felt from hearing Yahweh’s proclamation. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family and I are not worthy of this honor, Yahweh God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:19	tj8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in your sight	0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:19	r9in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant’s family	0	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
7:19	uvu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for a great while to come	0	This speaks about time as if it were something that travels and arrives somewhere. Alternate translation: “and what will happen to them in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:19	btd7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant	0	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
7:20	sd87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What more can I, David, say to you?	0	David uses this question to emphasize that he has nothing left to say to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “There is nothing more I can say to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:21	d51g			For your word’s sake	0	Alternate translation: “Because of what you promised to do”
7:21	wy8w			to fulfill your own purpose	0	Alternate translation: “to accomplish what you planned to do”
7:21	mia3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to your servant	0	David refers to himself as “your servant.” It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
7:22	s9d3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	as we have heard with our own ears	0	The phrase “with our own ears” is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “as we ourselves have heard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:22	eu9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	as we have heard	0	Here “we” refers to David and the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
7:23	gt3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What nation is like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself?	0	David uses a question emphasize that there is no other nation like Israel. Alternate translation: “There is no nation like your people Israel, the one nation on earth whom you, God, went and rescued for yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7:23	u6gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to make a name for yourself	0	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. Alternate translation: “to make all people know who you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:23	gpj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for your land	0	Here “land” represents the people. Alternate translation: “for your people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:23	y68y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You drove out nations	0	Here “nations” represents the people groups that were living in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:25	s7y8			So now	0	Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
7:25	wp22		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may the promise that you made concerning your servant and his family be established forever	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “may you do what you promised to me and my family, and may your promise never change” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:25	i7rz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant and his family	0	David is speaking about himself in the third person. This can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “me and my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
7:26	yq4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	May your name be forever great	0	Here “name” represents Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:26	tv8x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the house of me, David, your servant	0	Here “house” represents family. Alternate translation: “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:26	r53a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	is established before you	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is secure because of you” or “continues because of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:27	i375		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	to your servant that you will build him a house	0	David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “to me that you will build me a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
7:27	l4yn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that you will build him a house	0	Here the metonym “house” refers to David’s ancestors continuing on as the rulers of Israel. In [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md) Yahweh asked David if he would be the one to build a house for Yahweh. There “house” represented a temple. If your language has a word that can express both ideas, use it here and in 7:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:27	fs5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house	0	Here “house” represents David’s family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:28	ie54			Now	0	This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
7:28	pvq1			your words are trustworthy	0	Alternate translation: “I trust what you say”
7:29	n6ik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	with your blessing your servant’s house will be blessed forever	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you will continue to bless my family forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7:29	k3a5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	your servant’s house	0	Here David refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “my house” or “my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
8:intro	hc4j				0	# 2 Samuel 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter returns to the theme of the expansion of David’s kingdom.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God enabled victory\n\nGod enabled David to conquer all the surrounding nations. Much of the loot and tribute David received, he saved for the temple that his son would build.
8:1	drj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David attacked	0	Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:2	xbr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then he defeated	0	Here “he” refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “Then they defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:2	tcx6			measured their men with a line … He measured off two lines to put to death, and one full line to keep alive	0	Here the “line” is a “rope.” David had the soldiers lie down on the ground to be measured and sorted into three groups. The men in two groups were killed, and in the third, they were allowed to live.
8:3	r73a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David then defeated Hadadezer	0	Here both “David” and “Hadadezer” represent their armies. Alternate translation: “David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:3	y7af		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hadadezer … Rehob	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:3	met2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zobah	0	This is the name of a region in Aram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:3	r3d2			to recover his rule	0	Alternate translation: “to regain control over a region” or “to recapture a region”
8:4	f43e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	1,700 chariots	0	“one thousand seven hundred chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:4	d1te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty thousand footmen	0	“20,000 footmen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:4	cc6y			David hamstrung	0	This is a practice where the tendons in the backs of the legs are cut so that the horses cannot run.
8:4	b5pr			reserved enough	0	Alternate translation: “set aside enough” or “saved enough”
8:4	izr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	a hundred chariots	0	“100 chariots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:5	u7vw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David killed	0	Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:5	il6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-two thousand Aramean men	0	“22,000 Aramean men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:6	ph45			put garrisons in Aram	0	Alternate translation: “ordered large groups of his soldiers to remain in Aram”
8:7	ft9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David took	0	Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:8	qtw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	King David took	0	Here “David” is probably a metonym for his soldiers. Alternate translation: “King David’s soldiers took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:8	nu2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tebah and Berothai	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:9	t4en		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tou	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:9	le1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hamath	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:9	l3de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David had defeated	0	Here “David” is a metonym for his army. Alternate translation: “David’s army had defeated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:10	yiq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tou … Hadoram	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:12	cjj3			and Amalek	0	Alternate translation: “and the Amalekites”
8:12	d7vv			the plundered goods	0	These are the valuable items that soldiers take from the people they defeated.
8:12	z5x6			Hadadezer son of Rehob, the king of Zobah	0	See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 8:3](../08/03.md).
8:13	hrc2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David’s name was well known	0	Here “name” refers to David’s reputation. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David was very famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:13	c9s7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Valley of Salt	0	This is the name of a place. Its exact location is unknown. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:13	th6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighteen thousand men	0	“18,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
8:14	gc6u			He placed garrisons throughout all of Edom	0	Alternate translation: “He ordered groups of his soldiers to remain in areas throughout all of Edom”
8:16	r8xj			Joab … Zeruiah	0	See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
8:16	d81q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Ahilud was recorder	0	A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king’s announcements. Alternate translation: “Ahilud was the herald” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:16	nig1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahilud	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:17	k3p5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahitub … Ahimelech … Seraiah	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:18	gm1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Benaiah … Jehoiada	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8:18	xxs8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerethites … Pelethites	0	These are names of people-groups. These people were David’s bodyguards. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:intro	lwh6				0	# 2 Samuel 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter is another interruption to the story of David expanding his kingdom. David is concerned with fulfilling his oath to Jonathan’s descendants.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s vow\nDavid determined to fulfill his vow to Jonathan to care for Jonathan’s descendants. He found Jonathan’s son and told him he would treat him as if he was one of his sons. He restored all of Saul’s property to him and had him eat every day at the king’s table. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical question and metaphor\n\nJonathan’s son expressed his surprise and feeling of unworthiness with a rhetorical question: “What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?” and by a metaphor comparing himself to “a dead dog.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:1	t1g1			for Jonathan’s sake	0	Alternate translation: “because of my love for Jonathan”
9:1	cy22			Jonathan’s sake	0	Jonathan was Saul’s son and David’s best friend.
9:2	id7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:2	ura2			I am your servant	0	Ziba calls himself “your servant” to show great respect to David.
9:3	j5la			I may show the kindness of God	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **kindness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “kind.” Alternate translation: “I may be kind as I promised God I would be”
9:3	u7ba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who is lame in his feet	0	“whose feet are damaged.” The word “feet” here refers to the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “who is unable to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:4	ee6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machir … Ammiel	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:4	st1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Lo Debar	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:5	tj7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	King David sent	0	It is understood that David sent messengers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
9:6	fp3x			Mephibosheth	0	See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
9:6	wni4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	came to David	0	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
9:6	huu6			I am your servant	0	Mephibosheth refers to himself as “your servant” to show great honor to David.
9:7	fe5j			for Jonathan your father’s sake	0	Alternate translation: “because I loved your father, Jonathan”
9:7	zy8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	you will always eat at my table	0	Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “you will always eat with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:8	fvp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is your servant, that you should look with favor on such a dead dog as I am?	0	This rhetorical question shows that Mephibosheth understands that he is not important enough for the king to take care of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am like a dead dog. I do not deserve for you to be kind to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
9:8	j13e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	such a dead dog	0	Here Mephibosheth represents the line of Saul, and he compares himself to a “dead dog.” Dogs were feral animals, not cared for, and of little importance. A dead dog would be considered even less important. Alternate translation: “such a person like me who is worthless as a dead dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:10	cb8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	must always eat at my table	0	Here “my table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “must always eat with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:10	ae24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now Ziba … servants	0	Here “now” makes a break in the main story line. The narrator gives background information about Ziba. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
9:10	tgt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fifteen sons and twenty servants	0	“15 sons and 20 servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9:11	fwy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Your servant will do all that my master the king commands his servant	0	Ziba refers to himself as “your servant” and refers to David as “my master.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant will do all that you, my king, command me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
9:12	eu17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mika	0	This is the name of the son of Mephibosheth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
9:12	u3qr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	All who lived in the house of Ziba	0	Here “house” represents Ziba’s family. Alternate translation: “All of Ziba’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:13	caj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he always ate at the king’s table	0	Here “table” represents being together with David or in his presence. Eating with the king at his table was a great honor. Alternate translation: “he always ate with the king at his table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:13	du2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	though he was lame in both his feet	0	“thouge both of his feet were damaged.” Here “feet” represents the ability to walk. Alternate translation: “though he was unable to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:intro	abca				0	# 2 Samuel 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe chapter records the last expansion of David’s kingdom. This chapter is also the beginning of a section dealing with the war between Israel and Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Shame\n\nIt was apparently the cause of shame or embarrassment in ancient Ammon to have their beards shaved off or to have their garments cut off. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe Ammon people used a metaphor comparing themselves to a bad smell: “they had become a stench to David” when they realized they had made David very angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:1	g3zs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hanun	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:2	k9r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hanun … Nahash	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:3	r4at		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you really think that … you?	0	The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You are wrong to think that … you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
10:3	zys4			to spy	0	to secretly learn information about someone else
10:3	gmb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has not David … overthrow it?	0	The leaders use a question to suggest to the king that he should not trust David. Alternate translation: “You need to know that David … overthrow it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
10:3	d8ec		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in order to overthrow it	0	Here “it” refers to the city which represents the people who live there. Alternate translation: “in order to conquer us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:3	bm5t			the city	0	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
10:4	g9ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	shaved off half their beards	0	This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
10:5	jt3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	were deeply ashamed	0	Here “deeply” is an idiom that means “very.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
10:5	v21l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	then return	0	It is understood that they should return to Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
10:6	v8si		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they had become a stench to David	0	The phrase “become a stench” is a metaphor for “they had become offensive.” Alternate translation: “they had become offensive like a bad smell to David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:6	t6tc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Rehob … Zobah … Maacah … Tob	0	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:6	gk6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty thousand … a thousand … twelve thousand	0	“20,000 … 1,000 … 12,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10:8	u7sj			to their city gate	0	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
10:10	ka2a			The rest of his people he put into the hand of Abishai his brother	0	Alternate translation: “He put Abishai his brother in charge of the rest of the army”
10:11	i9k3				0	# General Information:\n\nJoab gets the army ready for battle.
10:11	nlq4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me	0	Here “me” refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: “for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:14	q6sp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	from Abishai	0	Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “from Abishai and his soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:14	d64c			into the city	0	Here “the city” refers to Rabbah, the capital city of the Ammonites.
10:14	v8x9			went back to Jerusalem	0	Alternate translation: “returned to Jerusalem”
10:15	rg85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When the Arameans saw that they were being defeated by Israel	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the Arameans realized that the Israelites were defeating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:16	yd3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hadarezer … Shobak	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:16	sle1			from beyond the Euphrates River	0	This means the east side of the Euphrates River.
10:16	nik5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	They came to Helam	0	Here “came to” can be translated as “went to” or “gathered at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
10:16	rhn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Helam	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
10:17	pz1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When David was told this	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When David heard about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:17	vk7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gathered all Israel together	0	Here “Israel” represents the army of Israel. Alternate translation: “assembled all the army of Israel together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:17	ism8			Helam	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
10:17	ln59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	against David and fought him	0	Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “against David and his soldiers and fought them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:18	tev3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	David killed	0	Here “David” is a synecdoche for himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:18	uc7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seven hundred … forty thousand	0	“700 … 40,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
10:18	zwc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Shobak the commander of their army was wounded and died there	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The Israelites wounded Shobak the commander of the Aramean army, and he died there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:18	s2lg			Shobak	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
10:19	s2mk			Hadarezer	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 10:16](../10/16.md).
10:19	dzd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	saw that they were defeated by Israel	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “realized that the Israelites had defeated them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:intro	abcb				0	# 2 Samuel 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins a new section of David’s life. God punished David by allowing his family to have many problems.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s adultery and the murder of Uriah\nThe army of Israel defeated the army of Ammon and then they besieged Ammon’s capital while David stayed in Jerusalem. One day, David saw a beautiful woman, named Bathsheba, bathing. He committed adultery with her. When she became pregnant, David tried to cover up his sin. When this did not work, he had her husband killed in battle. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
11:1	eqn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about in the springtime	0	“It happened in the springtime.” This introduces a new event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
11:1	jf4r			at the time	0	Alternate translation: “at the time of year”
11:1	a4ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel	0	David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word “his” refers to David. Alternate translation: “David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:1	qac9			the army of Ammon	0	Alternate translation: “the Ammonite army”
11:1	myy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rabbah	0	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:2	wi9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	So it came about	0	“So it happened” or “So it came to pass.” The author uses this phrase to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
11:2	qi78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a woman who was bathing	0	The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate translation: “a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:3	yv7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	So David sent	0	Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “So David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:3	r92k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he asked people who would know about the woman	0	David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word “he” refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. Alternate translation: “the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:3	ht5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is not this Bathsheba … and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite?	0	This question gives information and can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is Bathsheba … and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:4	s4dn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	took her	0	David actually sent messengers, and they took her and brought her to him. Alternate translation: “they brought her to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:4	x8kf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	she came in to him	0	She came into his palace and into his bedroom. Alternate translation: “she came into the place where he was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:4	qka3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he lay with her	0	This is a polite way of saying that he had sexual relations with her. You may need to use a different euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11:4	n2gg			menstruation	0	the time when a woman bleeds from her womb
11:5	e4v5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	she sent and told David; she said, “I am pregnant.”	0	Here the word “sent” means that she sent a messenger to tell David that she was pregnant. Alternate translation: “she sent a messenger to David, and the messenger told David that she was pregnant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:6	bds8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Then David sent	0	Here the word “sent” means that David sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “Then David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:7	vjr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	how Joab was, how the army was doing, and how the war was going	0	David was asking if Joab and the army were well and about the progress of the war. Alternate translation: “if Joab was well, if other soldiers were well, and how the war was progressing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:8	qzu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Go down to your house	0	The phrase **go down** could mean: (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. Alternate translation: “Go to your house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:8	f1gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	wash your feet	0	This phrase is a metonym for returning home to rest for the night after working all day. Alternate translation: “rest for the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:8	s4b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the king sent a gift for Uriah	0	David sent someone to bring the gift to Uriah. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the king sent someone to take a gift to Uriah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:9	fp1u			his master	0	The word “his” refers to Uriah and the word “master” refers to David.
11:10	p5tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have you not come from a journey? Why did you not go down to your house?	0	This rhetorical question is used to show David’s surprise that Uriah did not visit his wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “After coming from such a long journey, you should have gone down to your house.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:11	t1wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Israel and Judah	0	This refers to their armies. Alternate translation: “the armies of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:11	w65k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How then can I go into my house … with my wife?	0	This rhetorical question is used to emphasize Uriah’s refusal to visit his wife and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It would be wrong for me to go into my house … with my wife while the other soldiers in my army are in danger.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:11	k6b2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	to lie with my wife	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11:11	ww5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As sure as you are alive, I will not do this	0	Uriah swears a strong promise that he will not go home to his wife as long as the rest of the soldiers are at war. He makes this promise by comparing the truth of his promise to the certainty that the king was alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that I will not do this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:13	a9yz			he ate and drank before him	0	Alternate translation: “Uriah ate and drank with David”
11:13	xex1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	down to his house	0	Possible meanings of the word **down** are: (1) Uriah’s house was located at a lower elevation than the king’s palace or (2) Uriah’s house was of lesser importance than the king’s palace. See how you translated the similar phrase “down to your house” in [2 Samuel 11:8](../11/08.md). Alternate translation: “to his house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:14	c9uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	sent it by the hand of Uriah	0	The phrase “the hand of Uriah” refers to Uriah himself. Alternate translation: “sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
11:15	r9ph			very front of the most intense battle	0	Alternate translation: “very front of the battle line where the fighting is the worst”
11:15	z3us			withdraw from him	0	Alternate translation: “command the soldiers to back away from him”
11:15	sac7			he may be hit and killed	0	Alternate translation: “he may be wounded and killed”
11:16	di6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the siege upon the city	0	The word “siege” can be expressed with the verbs “surround” and “attack.” Alternate translation: “his army surround and attack the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
11:17	x2mt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	some of the soldiers of David fell	0	The word “fell” is a polite way to refer to the soldiers being killed. Alternate translation: “David’s soldiers were killed” or “they killed some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
11:17	s5r9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and Uriah the Hittite was also killed there	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “including Uriah the Hittite” or “and the men of the city also killed Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:18	g9kw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Joab sent word to David	0	The phrase “sent word” means that he sent a messenger to give a report. Alternate translation: “Joab sent a messenger to David to give a report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:20	a8wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you go so near … from the wall?	0	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. These questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near to the city to fight. You should have known that they would shoot from the wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:20	n65u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	shoot from the wall	0	This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate translation: “shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:21	h8q7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who killed Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth?	0	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember how Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth was killed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:21	h97r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abimelech son of Jerub-Besheth	0	This is the name of a man. His father is also know by the name Gideon. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:21	uf4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Did not a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez?	0	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Remember he died at Thebez when a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the top of the wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:21	zx1s			millstone	0	a heavy stone that would roll, used to crush grain for making bread
11:21	g9p7			from the wall	0	Alternate translation: “from the top of the city wall”
11:21	q6dz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Thebez	0	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
11:21	p6i4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you go so near the wall?	0	Joab says that David may rebuke him by asking these rhetorical questions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have gone so near the wall!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
11:23	ax3f			the gate	0	Alternate translation: “the city gate”
11:24	jnl2			their shooters shot	0	Alternate translation: “their shooters shot arrows”
11:24	ay8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	some of the king’s servants were killed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed some of the king’s servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:24	ych3			king’s servants	0	Here “servants” refers to soldiers, not slaves, because soldiers were servants of the king.
11:24	bf6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your servant Uriah the Hittite was killed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they killed your servant Uriah the Hittite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:25	v2pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the sword devours one as well as another	0	Here “the sword” refers to a person who kills someone with sword. Also, killing someone with a sword is spoken of as if the sword were “eating” the people. Alternate translation: “for one man can be killed by a sword the same as another man” or “for any man can die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:25	mk7a			Make your battle even stronger	0	Alternate translation: “Fight even stronger”
11:26	gx4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she lamented deeply	0	Here the author speaks of her lamenting very much as if it were deep inside her. Alternate translation: “she lamented very much” or “she lamented greatly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:27	d34z			sorrow	0	a deep feeling of sadness caused by suffering, disappointment or misfortune
11:27	d21w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	David sent and took her home	0	Here the word “sent” means that he sent a messenger to get her and bring her to him. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger to her to bring her home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:27	cq8x			displeased Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “saddened Yahweh” or “angered Yahweh”
12:intro	abcc				0	# 2 Samuel 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis is the final expansion of David’s kingdom and records the end of the war with Ammon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s punishment\nGod sent a prophet to confront David. He said that because David had Uriah killed, there would always be killing in his family and that the baby conceived with Bathsheba would die. David prayed that the baby be allowed to live, but the infant died. Bathsheba then had another son, who was named Solomon. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])
12:3	jfa8			ewe lamb	0	a female lamb
12:3	wd4g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	was like a daughter to him	0	This refers to the closeness of this man and his little lamb. Alternate translation: “he loved it as much as if it were one of his daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12:4	vv6b			ewe lamb	0	a young, female sheep
12:4	c763		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for his visitor	0	It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate translation: “for his visitor to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:5	tm95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	David was hot with anger against	0	Here the author describes how David was very angry as if his body were physically hot because of his anger. Alternate translation: “David became furious with” or “David became very angry with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:5	v4ka			he raged to Nathan	0	This means that David spoke angrily to Nathan.
12:5	gd2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	As Yahweh lives	0	This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate translation: “I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:5	r45b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to be put to death	0	This means to be killed. Also, that can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to be killed” or “to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:6	m494		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	He must pay back the lamb four times over	0	The amount the rich man was required to pay back to the poor man was to be four times what the little lamb cost. “He must pay the poor man four times the price of the lamb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:6	l1te			pity	0	to feel sadness and love for someone who is suffering or hurt or not loved
12:7	x85z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of Saul	0	Here the word “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “out of Saul’s control” or “from Saul’s control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:8	ty2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your master’s wives into your arms	0	Here Yahweh describes David having his master’s wives as his own wives, by saying that they are “in his arms.” Alternate translation: “your master’s wives as your own” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:8	v7tc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I also gave you the house of Israel and Judah	0	Here Yahweh speaks of how he gave David his authority as king over Israel and Judah as if he gave him the houses of Israel and Judah as a gift. The phrase “the house of” means “the people of.” Alternate translation: “I also gave you authority as king over the people of Israel and Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:8	sr3v			if that had been too little	0	Alternate translation: “if I had not given you enough”
12:9	nb14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	So why have you despised … Yahweh, so as to do what is evil in his sight?	0	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised … Yahweh and should not have done what is evil in his sight!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12:9	ctt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what is evil in his sight	0	Here “sight” refers to Yahweh’s thoughts or opinion. Alternate translation: “what he considers to be evil” or “what is evil in Yahweh’s judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:9	iy29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You have struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword	0	David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle. The phrase “with the sword” represents how Uriah died in battle. Alternate translation: “You have arranged for Uriah the Hittite to die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:9	n595		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	You killed him with the sword of the army of Ammon	0	David did not kill Uriah himself, rather he arranged for him to be killed in battle when Israel was fighting against Ammon. The phrase “with the sword” refers to how he died in battle. Alternate translation: “You arranged for him to die in battle against the army of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:10	t13v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sword will never leave your house	0	Here the word “sword” refers to people dying in war. Also, David’s “house” refers to his descendants. Alternate translation: “some of your descendants will always die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:11	zbq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of your own house	0	Here David’s “house” refers to his family. Alternate translation: “from among your own family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:11	d9za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Before your own eyes	0	Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate translation: “While you are watching” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:11	bc2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he will lie with your wives	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he will have sexual relations with your wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
12:11	br6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in broad daylight	0	“in full daylight.” The idea of doing something “openly” or in a way that people are fully aware of what is happening is often spoken about as being done in the “daylight.” Alternate translation: “openly” or “and everyone will see what is happening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:12	cy92			committed your sin	0	Alternate translation: “sinned”
12:12	g9jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	before all Israel	0	This phrase speaks of the people of Israel knowing about what has happened to his wives as if they all actually witnessed it happening. Alternate translation: “before all the people of Israel” or “and all the people of Israel will know about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:13	u54j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	passed over	0	Yahweh has forgiven David of his sin. This is spoken of here as Yahweh passing over his sin as if it were something that he walked by and disregarded. Alternate translation: “forgiven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:13	zze1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	You will not be killed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Sometimes men died because of their sins, but he will not die because of his sin with the woman. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will not die” or “you will not die because of this sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:14	m7z5			despised	0	to strongly dislike or hate someone or something
12:14	vm9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the child who is born to you	0	The phrase “born to you” means that it is David’s baby. Alternate translation: “your child who will be born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:15	z3d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh attacked the child that … and he was very sick	0	Here the author speaks of Yahweh causing the baby to become sick as Yahweh attacking the child. Alternate translation: “Yahweh afflicted the child that … and he was very sick” or “Yahweh caused the baby that … to become very sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:15	eh1x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David	0	This means that she gave birth to a child and that David was his father. Alternate translation: “David’s child, who Uriah’s wife gave birth to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:16	t71m			implored	0	to beg or pray with strong desire
12:16	k5zu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	went inside	0	David went into his room when he was alone. Alternate translation: “went inside his room” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:17	dyf7			to raise him up from the floor	0	Alternate translation: “and urged him to get up from the floor”
12:18	cbe1			It came about	0	Alternate translation: “It happened”
12:18	f2jx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he did not listen to our voice	0	The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate translation: “he did not listen to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:18	ueh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the seventh day	0	“day 7.” This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate translation: “the seventh day after he was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
12:18	j2pi			Look	0	This is used to get people’s attention. Alternate translation: “Listen”
12:18	sz9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What might he do to himself if we tell him that the boy is dead?!	0	The servants ask this rhetorical question to express their fear. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We are afraid that he may harm himself if we tell him that the boy is dead!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12:19	s1tv			were whispering together	0	Alternate translation: “were speaking very quietly to each other”
12:19	mh6l			David perceived	0	Alternate translation: “David understood”
12:20	aa4t			David arose	0	Alternate translation: “David got up”
12:21	nx6q				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses contain rhetorical questions that emphasize that David realizes that Yahweh has allowed this to happen.
12:22	p2za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me, that the child may live?	0	David asked this rhetorical question to empathize that no one knew if Yahweh would let the child live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one knows whether or not Yahweh will be gracious to me so that the child may live.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12:23	pf4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But now he is dead, so why should I fast?	0	David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that he no longer has a reason to fast. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now that he is dead it would be of no use to fast any longer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12:23	cc5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can I bring him back again?	0	David asks this rhetorical question to empathize that the boy cannot come back to life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot bring him back to life.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
12:23	qs7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will go to him	0	David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate translation: “When I die I will go to where he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
12:24	f8ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	went in to her and lay with her	0	Both the phrase “went in to her” and the phrase “lay with her” refer to David having sexual relations with Bathsheba and emphasize what they did. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
12:25	m6ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he sent word through Nathan the prophet	0	Here “word” refers to a message that Yahweh told Nathan to tell David. Alternate translation: “he sent Nathan to tell him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:25	rd3r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jedidiah	0	This is another name for David’s son Solomon, which Yahweh chose for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
12:26	jf3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Joab fought … he captured	0	Here the author says “Joab” but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate translation: “Joab and his soldiers fought … they captured” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:26	ar6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Rabbah	0	Fighting against this city literally means to fight against the people of Rabbah. Translate the name the same as you did in [2 Samuel 11:1](../11/01.md). Alternate translation: “the people of Rabbah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:27	ip2q			So Joab sent messengers to David and said	0	Alternate translation: “So Joab sent messengers to David to say to him”
12:27	c6au		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	have taken the city’s water supply	0	“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “have taken control of the city’s water supply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:27	n5s7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I have fought … I have taken	0	Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “My soldiers and I have fought … my soldier and I have taken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:28	ue9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	if I take	0	Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “if my soldiers and I take” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:28	ej7u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	camp against	0	This means to surround and attack. Alternate translation: “besiege” or “surround” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:28	zt5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	take it … take the city	0	“Taking” a place or landmark means to take control of it. Alternate translation: “take control of it … take control of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:28	gj9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it will be named	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will name it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:29	z74s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	he fought	0	Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers fought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
12:30	n7vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	a talent	0	This may be written in modern weights. Alternate translation: “about 33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
12:30	t9em			a precious stone	0	a rare gemstone such as a diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, or opal
12:30	nw9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The crown was placed on David’s own head	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “They placed the crown on David’s own head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:30	wz14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he brought out	0	Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David’s soldiers. Alternate translation: “they brought out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:30	g4xl			plunder	0	valuable things taken from a defeated enemy
12:30	nq3u			large quantities	0	Alternate translation: “large amounts”
12:31	a3vv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He brought out the people	0	David did not bring out the people himself; he commanded his soldiers to bring them out. Alternate translation: “David commanded his soldiers to bring out the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:31	ya1w			saws, iron picks, and axes	0	These are tools to cut wood or break up the ground.
12:31	tl3i			brick kilns	0	ovens where bricks are dried and hardened
12:31	ew58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all the cities of the people of Ammon	0	This refers to the people in the cities. Alternate translation: “all the people of the cites of Ammon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:intro	abcd				0	# 2 Samuel 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story about the difficulties and killings in David’s family. David’s sin caused these problems in his family. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Amnon raped Absalom’s sister\nAmnon raped Absalom’s sister, who was his own half-sister. David did nothing to punish him and David’s lack of action caused significant problems in his family and in Israel. This eventually caused Solomon to become king, even though he was not the oldest son.
13:1	e2ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about after this	0	“It happened after this.” This phrase is used to introduce a new event to the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:1	tup1			half-sister	0	Amnon and Tamar shared the same father but not the same mother.
13:1	fj5k			full sister	0	Absalom and Tamar shared the same father and mother.
13:2	fmq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar	0	Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate translation: “Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:3	rz6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonadab son of Shimeah, David’s brother	0	These are the names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:3	knc5			shrewd	0	crafty or deceptive
13:4	qef9			depressed	0	in an emotional state of extreme unhappiness
13:4	s99u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Will you not tell me?	0	It is understood that he is asking him about his depression, which can be stated clearly. Also, this rhetorical question is a request for Jehonadab to tell him why he is depressed. It may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Will you not tell me why you are depressed?” or “Please, tell me why you are depressed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:5	qen4			Jonadab	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
13:5	xjs4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	eat it from her hand	0	This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not want her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “have her serve it to me herself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:6	tsl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I may eat from her hand	0	This is probably a request for her to serve food to him personally. He probably did not expect her to put the food in his mouth. Alternate translation: “she may serve it to me to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:6	n1c2			pretended to be sick	0	This means he gave a false appearance of being ill.
13:6	a3i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for my sickness in front of me	0	The food is not for his sickness, but rather it is for him, because he is sick. The phrase “in front of me” is a request for Tamar to prepare the food in his presence. Alternate translation: “in front of me because I am sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:7	we8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David sent word	0	This means that he sent a messenger to speak to Tamar. Alternate translation: “David sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:8	k69t			dough	0	a thick mixture of flour and liquid used for baking
13:8	di8s			kneaded	0	used her hands to mix the dough
13:8	l12v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in his sight	0	This means that Tamar made the bread in front of him. Alternate translation: “in front of him” or “in his presence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:9	cwh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	So everyone went out from him	0	To “go out from someone” means to leave them. Alternate translation: “So everyone left him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:10	y3b4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that I may eat from your hand	0	This is a request for Tamar to serve the food to him personally. Alternate translation: “and serve it to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:11	c79f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	lie with me	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
13:12	rly8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	do not force me	0	She is referring to having sexual relations with him. Alternate translation: “do not force me to have sexual relations with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:12	fd8t			appalling	0	very shameful
13:13	j8jb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How could I be rid of my shame?	0	Tamar asks this rhetorical question to emphasize how much shame she would have if she slept with him. Tamar speaks of getting rid of her shame as if it were an enemy or a tormentor that she needed to escape from. Alternate translation: “If you do this, I would have to endure shame everywhere I go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:14	ras3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he lay with her	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
13:16	zc24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Because this great evil of making me leave is even worse	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **this great evil**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “It would be very evil to make me leave! It would be even worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:17	au8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bolt the door after her	0	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “lock the door so that she cannot come back in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:18	c6te		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bolted the door after her	0	This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate translation: “locked the door so that she could not go back in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:19	i3wt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	put ashes on her head and tore her robe. She put her hands on her head	0	These are acts of mourning and grief in the Israelite culture. Alternate translation: “put ashes on her head and tore her robe to show that she was very sad. Then to show her grief, she put her hands on her head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13:20	w3wp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Has Amnon your brother been with you?	0	This is a polite way to ask is Amnon has had sexual relations with her. Alternate translation: “Has Amnon your brother slept with you?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
13:20	ffu3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	keep quiet	0	This means to not tell anyone about something. Alternate translation: “do not tell anyone about this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:20	ce3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Do not take this thing to heart	0	The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “Do not worry about what has happened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:20	m1az			So Tamar remained alone	0	This means that she did not marry.
13:22	j3li			said nothing	0	Alternate translation: “did not speak”
13:23	q5hh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about after two full years	0	This explains that two whole years has passed and introduces the next event in the story line. The phrase “full years” means that they are complete years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:23	qef5			shearers	0	These are people who cut the wool from sheep.
13:23	am6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Baal Hazor	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:24	e8ml			Look now	0	This is a phrase used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
13:24	wmj8			your servant	0	Absalom is calling himself “your servant” to show respect.
13:24	uq3x			has sheep shearers	0	It was customary for people in Israel to have a party after they had sheared their sheep.
13:24	tav8			may the king	0	Although he is talking to his father the king, he calls him “the king” instead of “you” to show respect for him.
13:26	b7e9			please let my brother Amnon go with us	0	The oldest son could often represent his father in Israelite culture. Amnon was David’s oldest son.
13:26	ep6f			Why should Amnon go with you?	0	David knew that Amnon was not Absalom’s friend.
13:27	kd8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Absalom pressed David	0	Here the author speaks of Absalom urging David to let Amnon come as if he were putting physical pressure on him. Alternate translation: “Absalom begged David for Amnon to come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:27	w3cs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	all the king’s sons	0	This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate translation: “the rest of the king’s sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:28	yfb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Do not be afraid	0	This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:28	ev94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have I not commanded you?	0	Absalom asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that he will be blamed for killing Amnon because he is commanding them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have commanded you to do this.” or “I will be the one guilty for killing him because I have commanded you to do this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:28	fa5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	not commanded you	0	What Absalom has commanded them to do may be stated in the question. Alternate translation: “not commanded you to kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
13:29	jr7q			every man	0	This refers to the king’s sons who left the celebration.
13:30	jr55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	So it came about	0	“It happened that.” This phrase is used here to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:30	x2s3			on the road	0	Alternate translation: “travelling along the road”
13:30	hpn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	that the news came to David saying	0	Here it says that the news came, when really someone came and told David the news. Alternate translation: “that someone came and reported the news to David saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:31	l6aw			Then the king arose	0	Alternate translation: “Then the king stood up”
13:31	a8qp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	tore his clothes, and lay on the floor	0	He did these things to show that he was extremely sad. Alternate translation: “tore his clothes, and threw himself on the floor grieving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13:31	a62g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with their clothes torn	0	They did this to show their sadness and to mourn with their king. Alternate translation: “and tore their clothes, mourning with the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13:32	a6vi			Jonadab … Shimeah	0	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 13:3](../13/03.md).
13:32	dsh2			Let not my master believe	0	Alternate translation: “My master, do not believe”
13:32	ev3e			my master	0	Jonadab calls David “my master” to show respect.
13:32	a8f7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Amnon violated his sister	0	This is a polite way of saying that Amnon raped his sister. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
13:33	qjg1			let not my master the king	0	Alternate translation: “my master the king, do not”
13:33	cf2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	take this report to heart	0	The phrase “take something to heart” means “to worry about it.” Alternate translation: “worry about this report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:34	rh5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	keeping watch	0	This means that the servant was watching for enemies while guarding at the city wall. Alternate translation: “who was guarding” or “who was guarding at the city wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:34	j8la		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised his eyes	0	Here the servant looking up at something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:36	r5i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	So it came about	0	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:36	r9gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised their voices	0	Here the sons crying out is spoken of as if their voices were something they lifted into the sky. Alternate translation: “cried out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:37	dqp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Talmai … Ammihud	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
13:37	wxs3			for his son	0	Alternate translation: “for his son Amnon”
13:38	pbz9			where he was for three years	0	Alternate translation: “where he stayed for three years”
13:39	ky6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The mind of King David longed	0	Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate translation: “King David longed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
13:39	t9kb			for he was comforted concerning Amnon and his death	0	“because he was no longer grieving about Amnon being dead.” This refers to three years after Absalom fled to Geshur.
14:intro	abce				0	# 2 Samuel 14 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Reconciliation\n\nDavid missed his son, Absalom, who was in exile. Joab summons a wise woman to reconcile David and Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])\n\n## Important figures of speech used in this chapter\n\n### Parable\n\nThe wise woman uses a type of parable to convince David that his actions were wrong. He treated a stranger worse than he treated his own son. This hypothetical situation was intended to convict David of his sin. She uses David’s own words against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
14:1	c5gz			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells about a new person in the story.
14:1	zlp2			Zeruiah	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md).
14:1	nt9e			perceived	0	This means Joab discerned or understood what David was thinking.
14:2	g3b4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sent word to Tekoa and had a wise woman brought	0	This means that Joab sent someone with a message to Tekoa and had him bring back a woman to him. This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “sent someone with a message to Tokoa and had him bring a wise woman back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:2	t4f8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tekoa	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
14:2	rm87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the dead	0	This refers to someone who has died, not dead people in general. Alternate translation: “someone who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
14:4	an12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	she lay facedown on the ground	0	She did this to show her respect and submission to the king. Alternate translation: “she showed her respect to the king by laying facedown on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
14:6	ij2w			One struck the other	0	Alternate translation: “One of my sons hit the other son with something”
14:7	jb47			the whole clan	0	Alternate translation: “my entire family”
14:7	aq9y			your servant	0	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
14:7	fj59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	put him to death	0	This is an idiom which means to kill. Alternate translation: “kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:7	hhk3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they would also destroy the heir	0	If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family’s possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “if they did this, they would be destroying our family’s heir” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:7	vfb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Thus they will put out the burning coal that I have left	0	Here the woman refers to her only living son as if he were a burning piece of coal. She speaks of the men killing her son as stopping the coal’s burning. Alternate translation: “In this way they will kill the only child I have left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:7	vk75		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	they will leave for my husband neither name nor descendant	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “they will not leave for my husband name or descendant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
14:7	jl3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	neither name nor descendant	0	This refers to a son to carry on the family’s name into the next generation. Alternate translation: “no son to preserve our family’s name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:7	xe94			on the surface of the earth	0	“on the earth.” This descriptive phrase emphasizes that the family line would not continue on earth after the husband died. “The surface of the earth” refers to the ground on which people walk.
14:8	w2wr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I will command something to be done for you	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will take care of this matter for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:9	sev7			Tekoa	0	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 14:2](../14/02.md).
14:9	gz85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	may the guilt be on me and on my father’s family	0	This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman’s family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:9	e186		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The king and his throne	0	Here the word “throne” refers to anyone who later becomes king in David’s place. Alternate translation: “The king and his descendants” or “The king and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:9	uik4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	are guiltless	0	“are innocent.” This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate translation: “will be innocent regarding the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:10	fz7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	says anything to you	0	Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate translation: “threatens you” or “speaks threats to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:10	pq9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will not touch you anymore	0	Here David speaks of a person not threatening or hurting her, by saying that the person would not touch her. It is implied that David will not allow the person threatening her to bother her again. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “I will make sure he does not threaten you again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:11	jfs2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Please, may the king call to mind Yahweh your God	0	This could mean: (1) The phrase “call to mind” is an idiom meaning to pray. Alternate translation: “Please, pray to Yahweh your God” or (2) Here “call to mind” means to remember and it is implied that after he remembers Yahweh he will promise in his name. Alternate translation: “Please promise in the name of Yahweh your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:11	xm1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the avenger of blood	0	This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the man who wants to avenge my son’s brother’s death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:11	ez62			destroy anyone further	0	“cause anyone else to die.” This is in addition to the brother who already died.
14:11	yv76			that they will not destroy my son	0	Alternate translation: “that they will not kill my son” or “that they will not execute my son”
14:11	vgi3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As Yahweh lives	0	Often people would make promises and compare how surely they would fulfil their promise to how surely Yahweh is alive. Alternate translation: “I promise you, as surely as Yahweh lives” or “In Yahweh’s name I promise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:11	d9l6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	not one hair of your son will fall to the ground	0	The means that her son will not be harmed, which is exaggerated by saying that he will not lose even a single hair. Alternate translation: “your son will be completely safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
14:12	l1s3			your servant	0	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant.”
14:12	hy2e			speak a further word to	0	“talk about something else to.” The woman is requesting to speak to the king about another topic.
14:12	mw9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Speak on	0	This is an idiom. The king was giving her permission to continue speaking. Alternate translation: “You may speak to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:13	ia2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then have you devised such a thing against the people of God?	0	The woman asks this rhetorical question to rebuke David for how he has treated Absalom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have just said proved that you did wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14:13	t35u			the king is like someone who is guilty	0	The woman compares the king to someone who is guilty to suggest that he is guilty without saying it directly. Alternate translation: “the king has declared himself guilty”
14:13	f3ci			his banished son	0	Alternate translation: “his son whom he banished”
14:14	ll3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	For we all must die, and we are like water spilled on the ground … up again	0	Here the woman speaks of a person dying as if they were water being spilled on the ground. Alternate translation: “We all must die, and after we die we cannot be brought back to life again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
14:14	f5lf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God … finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored	0	The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:15	hm99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	because the people have made me afraid	0	The understood information may be supplied. Alternate translation: “because the people have made me afraid that I have come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
14:15	nkn7			your servant	0	To show respect for the king the woman refers to herself as “your servant”
14:16	x4ut		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of the man	0	This phrase is an idiom. Also, “the hand” is a metonym referring to the man’s control. Alternate translation: “out of the control of the man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:17	pn2s			the word of my master the king	0	Alternate translation: “the message of my master the king”
14:17	nm7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	for as an angel of God, so is my master … from evil	0	Here David, the king, is compared to an “angel of God.” Alternate translation: “for the king is like an angel of God because they both know how to tell good from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
14:18	u2d4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	Please do not hide from me anything that I will ask you	0	The negative form here is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “Please tell me the truth about everything I ask you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
14:19	p42h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Is not the hand of Joab with you in all this	0	Here the word “hand” refers to Joab’s influence. Alternate translation: “Has not Joab influenced you in all this” or “Did Joab send you here to speak these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:19	uz25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	As you live	0	“As surely as you are alive.” Here the woman compares the certainty of what David has said to the certainty that he is alive, to emphasize how true his statement is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:19	q69g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	no one can escape to the right hand … the king has spoken	0	Here the woman describes the difficulty of speaking to the king and keeping him from finding out the truth by comparing it to a person not being about to escape in any direction. Alternate translation: “no one can keep you from knowing the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:19	vyl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	to the right hand or to the left	0	The expression gives two extremes and means “anywhere.” Alternate translation: “anywhere at all” or “anywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
14:20	yvt6			My master is wise	0	Alternate translation: “My master the king is wise”
14:20	j2lm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	is wise, like the wisdom of an angel of God	0	The woman compares David’s wisdom to the wisdom of an angel to emphasize how very wise he is. Alternate translation: “you are very wise, like an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
14:21	n8az		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So the king said to Joab	0	It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Then the king summoned Joab and said to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:21	g87y			Look now	0	This phrase is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
14:21	r58j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	this thing	0	This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “what you want me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:22	n6a2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Joab lay facedown on the ground	0	Joab did this to honor the king and show his gratitude. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
14:22	qd1b			your servant	0	To show respect for the king Joab refers to himself as “your servant.”
14:22	f6n4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have found favor in your eyes	0	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “you are pleased with me” or “you have approved of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:22	x4g1			in that the king	0	Alternate translation: “because the king”
14:22	gl13			the king has performed the request of his servant	0	Alternate translation: “you have done what I asked you to do”
14:24	i98k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	but he may not see my face … the king’s face	0	Here the word “face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “but he may not see me … the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:25	u9cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	This word marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information for the part of the story that follows. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
14:25	fb8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	there was no one praised for his handsomeness more than Absalom	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praised Absalom for his handsomeness more than they praised anyone else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:25	m4bk			handsomeness	0	good and pleasing appearance, especially of the face
14:25	tiv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	From the sole of his foot to the top of his head there was no blemish in him	0	This means the whole person was without blemish. Alternate translation: “There were no blemishes on any part of his body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
14:26	j4bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	two hundred shekels	0	This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “two and a half kilograms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
14:26	a94i			the weight of the king’s standard	0	The king had weights that determined the standard weight of the shekel and other weights and measurements.
14:27	raf5			To Absalom were born three sons and one daughter	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had three sons and one daughter”
14:28	p8nr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the king’s face	0	Here “the king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:29	nwh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Absalom sent word for Joab	0	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab with a request. Alternate translation: “Absalom sent a messenger to Joab asking him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:29	km4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to send him to the king	0	It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:29	f1c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	So Absalom sent word a second time	0	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Absalom sent a messenger to Joab again with the same request” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:30	g6kt			See	0	Here this word is used to remind people of something. Alternate translation: “As you know”
14:32	wb3r			Look	0	Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
14:32	cr53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I sent word	0	Here “word” is a metonym for “a message.” This means that he sent a messenger. Alternate translation: “I sent a messenger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:32	ay13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to the king to say	0	The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “to say to the king on my behalf” or “to ask the king for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
14:32	ehw7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the king’s face	0	Here “king’s face” refers to the king himself. Alternate translation: “the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:33	xix9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed low to the ground before the king	0	Absalom is showing respect to the king. Alternate translation: “bowed low to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
14:33	lr12		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the king kissed Absalom	0	This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
15:intro	abcf				0	# 2 Samuel 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter begins the story of Absalom’s attempted revolt.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom’s conspiracy\nFor four years, Absalom made many allies in an attempt to make himself king. This is why he acted as a judge for the people. Since this was all done in secret, it is called a “conspiracy.” David found out and fled with those in the army who were loyal to him.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nThe author used the metaphor of a thief to describe how Absalom was able to win people’s loyalty: “So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:1	m44b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:1	a4qh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with fifty men to run before him	0	These men would run in front of the chariot to honor Absalom. Alternate translation: “with fifty men to run before him to honor him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
15:2	f1j6			Your servant	0	When a man would respond to Absalom’s question he would refer to himself as “your servant” to honor Absalom.
15:3	cl8u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So Absalom would say to him	0	It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:3	yts5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	good and right	0	These words have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that his case is good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
15:3	d3e6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to hear your case	0	“Hearing” a case means to listen to it and to make a judgement decision over it. Alternate translation: “to judge your case” or “to oversee your case” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:5	n3n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	put out his hand and take hold of him and kiss him	0	This action is a friendly greeting. Alternate translation: “greet him as a friend by embracing him and kissing him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
15:6	ty61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	for judgment	0	This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate translation: “to judge over their disputes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:6	xc8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	So Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel	0	This sentence means Absalom convinced the men to be loyal to him rather than to David. Here the author speaks of how the people became loyal to Absalom by saying that he stole their hearts. Alternate translation: “In this way, Absalom convinced the men of Israel to be loyal to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:7	k1ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:7	u4br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the end of four years that Absalom	0	This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:7	z9fc			and pay a vow that I have made to Yahweh in Hebron	0	Alternate translation: “to Hebron and there fulfill a vow that I have made to Yahweh”
15:8	x8c1			For your servant	0	Here Absalom refers to himself this way to honor the king.
15:9	z24j			So Absalom arose	0	Alternate translation: “So Absalom left”
15:10	k6i1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	throughout all the tribes of Israel	0	Here the places where the tribes of Israel lived are referred to as the tribes themselves. Alternate translation: “throughout the land of the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:10	yb9l			the sound of the trumpet	0	Alternate translation: “a trumpet being blown”
15:11	y3hm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who were invited	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who he had invited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:11	j5ty			went in their innocence	0	Alternate translation: “went innocently”
15:12	p6px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he sent for Ahithophel	0	This means that he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel and bring him back to him. Alternate translation: “he sent a messenger to go get Ahithophel who was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:12	b237		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:12	v7wx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Giloh	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:13	wjk4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The hearts of the men of Israel are following after	0	Here the men are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate translation: “The men of Israel are loyal to” or “The men of Israel are following after” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:14	brg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	escape from Absalom … he will quickly … and he will bring	0	Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as “Absalom” himself because the men are following Absalom’s authority. Alternate translation: “escape from Absalom and his men … he and his men will quickly … and they will bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:14	t8eh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	attack the city with the edge of the sword	0	The “city” is a metonym referring to the people in the city. The “edge of the sword” is a synecdoche referring to the Israelites’ swords and emphasize that they killed the people in battle. Alternate translation: “will attack the people of our city and kill them with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:14	s5ik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	bring down disaster	0	This means to cause disaster to happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:16	hpv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to keep the palace	0	Here the word “keep” means to care for. Alternate translation: “to care for the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:17	cv7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the last house	0	This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate translation: “at the last house as they were leaving the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:18	hx7p			Kerethites … Pelethites	0	Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
15:18	vht5			Gittites	0	Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
15:18	tp2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	six hundred men	0	“600 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
15:19	u5p9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ittai	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:19	n5dh			Gittite	0	Translate the name of this people group the same as you did in [2 Samuel 6:10](../06/10.md).
15:19	k4yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why will you come with us?	0	This rhetorical question indicates that the king does not think they should go along with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to go with us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:20	dw1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	why should I make you wander all over with us?	0	This rhetorical question emphasizes David did not want Ittai to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to cause you to wander around with us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:20	wfd5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Since you just left yesterday	0	Here “yesterday” is an exaggeration that emphasizes a short amount of time. Ittai the Gittite had lived there for several years. Alternate translation: “Since you have lived here only a short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
15:20	e3e8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	May loyalty and faithfulness go with you	0	This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate translation: “May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:21	m7sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As Yahweh lives, and as my master the king lives	0	Here the speaker is making a solemn promise. He compare the certainty the he will fulfill his promise to the certainty that Yahweh and the king are alive. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that as surely as Yahweh and the king live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
15:21	q3e6			your servant	0	Ittai refers to himself this way to honor the king.
15:21	u8i6			whether that means living or dying	0	Alternate translation: “even if I get killed supporting you”
15:23	y8br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	All the country wept with a loud voice	0	Many of the people of Israel wept loudly when they saw the king leaving. Here this is generalized by saying that the whole country wept. Alternate translation: “All the people along the road wept” or “Many of the people wept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
15:23	cpg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	with a loud voice	0	Here the many people who were weeping are spoken of as if they shared one loud voice. Alternate translation: “loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:23	qn5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kidron Valley	0	This is the name of a place near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:25	x2mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh	0	Here the “eyes of Yahweh” refer to Yahweh’s thoughts and opinion. If you “find favor” with someone it means that they are pleased with you. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:25	cm5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	where he lives	0	“where his presence is.” The ark of the covenant symbolizes Yahweh’s presence. This refers to the place where the ark is. Alternate translation: “where it is kept” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:27	w3ii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:27	k6y6			Abiathar	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:17](../08/17.md).
15:27	sn4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are you not a seer?	0	This rhetorical question is used to rebuke Zadok and can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will be able to find out what is happening.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:28	nvl5			See	0	Here this word means for the listener to pay attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
15:28	a6gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	until word comes from you	0	This refers to him sending a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “until you send a messenger to me to inform me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:28	g6m3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to inform me	0	Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:30	m59t			barefoot	0	wearing no shoes or sandals
15:30	hz16		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	his head covered	0	This is a sign of mourning and shame. Alternate translation: “his head covered in mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
15:31	e31r			Ahithophel	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:11](../15/11.md).
15:31	a24n			conspirators	0	people who join together against someone else
15:31	e4pr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	please turn Ahithophel’s advice into foolishness	0	David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel’s advice foolish and useless. Alternate translation: “please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:32	lr8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
15:32	q4pe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the top of the road	0	The word “top” is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate translation: “at the top of the hill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:32	kgp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	where God used to be worshiped	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “where people once worshiped God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:32	bxf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hushai	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:32	fmi7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arkite	0	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:32	jt8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	with his coat torn and earth on his head	0	This is an act showing shame or repentance. Here the word “earth” means dirt. Alternate translation: “He had torn his clothes and put dirt on his head to show that he was very sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:34	xy6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you will confuse Ahithophel’s advice for me	0	David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate translation: “you can serve me by opposing Ahithophel’s advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:35	fr9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will you not have the priests Zadok and Abiathar with you?	0	David asks this rhetorical question to tell Hushai that he will not be alone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Zadok and Abiathar the priests will be there to help you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:35	rkm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	whatever you hear	0	This is a generalization. It means all of the important and insightful things that he hears, not every single word he hears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
15:36	yg9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz … Jonathan	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
15:36	z36k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	by their hand	0	The phrase “their hand” refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate translation: “their sons to tell me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:intro	abcg				0	# 2 Samuel 16 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Absalom seeks advice from David’s advisers\nDavid’s best adviser, Ahithophel, told Absalom to publicly seduce the concubines that David had left to take care of the palace. Because the concubines were the king’s property, having sexual relations with a king’s concubines implied that Absalom was now the king. This would show the people that the break with David was complete. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Simile\n\nTo show how seriously people took Ahithophel’s advice, the author used a [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] comparing his advice to God’s advice. “Now the advice of Ahithophel that he gave in those days was as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself.”
16:1	uv2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	0	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:1	rzt4			Mephibosheth	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
16:1	eex7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	two hundred loaves … one hundred clusters … one hundred bunches	0	“200 loaves … 100 clusters … 100 bunches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
16:1	md5n			loaves of bread	0	Alternate translation: “cakes of bread”
16:1	sje6			clusters of raisins … bunches of figs	0	These phrases refer to raisins or figs pressed together.
16:1	ibp3			raisins	0	dried grapes
16:1	x3jp			a skin of wine	0	Alternate translation: “a wineskin full of wine”
16:2	j2cp			faint	0	tired and weak
16:3	h7rz			your master’s grandson	0	Alternate translation: “Mephibosheth, your master’s grandson”
16:3	bdv9			grandson	0	the son of one’s son or daughter
16:3	x26u			Look	0	Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
16:3	b9kv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house of Israel	0	This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:3	fvn6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will restore my father’s kingdom to me	0	Having a descendant of Saul being allowed to rule is spoken of as the kingdom being restored to their family. Alternate translation: “will allow me to rule the kingdom that my grandfather ruled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:4	h3df			Mephibosheth	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
16:4	cvm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I bow in humility to you	0	Ziba is not literally bowing before the king when he is speaking here. This means that he will serve the king with the same amount of humility he would be showing if he were literally bowing before him. Alternate translation: “I will humbly serve you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:4	ewk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Let me find favor in your eyes	0	The phrase “find favor” means to be approved of by someone. Also, “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I want you to be pleased with me” or “I desire you for to be pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:5	q8fi			Bahurim	0	Translate the name of this city the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md).
16:5	y6uz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shimei … Gera	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:6	j39l			in spite of	0	Alternate translation: “even though there was”
16:6	nmf8			bodyguards	0	These are men who protect an important person.
16:7	tj6a			villain	0	someone who is evil, a criminal or lawbreaker
16:7	h2c4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	man of blood	0	Here “blood” refers to all of men he was responsible for killing in battle. Alternate translation: “murderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:8	ju1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh has repaid	0	Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:8	cvt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the blood you shed within the family of Saul	0	Here “blood” refer to people who were killed from Saul’s family. The king was responsible for them dying. Alternate translation: “for killing many of Saul’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:8	mve3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in whose place you have reigned	0	David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate translation: “in whose place you have reigned as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:8	uqf8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	into the hand of Absalom	0	Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “into the control of Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:9	wg1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:9	jz4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:9	b6wq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should this dead dog curse my master the king?	0	Abishai asked this question to express his anger at the man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “This dead dog must not speak to the king this way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:9	p79k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	this dead dog	0	Here the man is being described as worthless by being compared to a dead dog. Alternate translation: “this worthless man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:10	i1pm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah?	0	This rhetorical question is asked to correct the sons of Zeruiah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not want to know what you think!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:10	wrg4			Perhaps he is cursing me because	0	Alternate translation: “He may be cursing me because”
16:10	g4rx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who then could say to him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?	0	This is said as a rhetorical question to emphasize that the answer is “no one.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one then can ask him, ‘Why are you cursing the king?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:11	y6it		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	my son, who was born from my body	0	David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate translation: “my own son” or “my dear son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:11	l8bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	wants to take my life	0	This is a polite way to refer to killing someone. Alternate translation: “wants to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
16:11	znl2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How much more may this Benjamite now desire my ruin?	0	David uses this rhetorical question to express that he is not surprised that the man wants to kill him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course this Benjamite desires my ruin!” or “I am not surprised this Benjamite desires my ruin as well!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:11	t9uf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	desire my ruin	0	Here David describes the man’s desire to kill him as if David were something that the man wanted to ruin. Alternate translation: “desire me to be killed” or “desire to kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:11	tb7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Leave him alone and let him curse	0	Here the phrase “leave him alone” means to not stop him from what he is doing. Alternate translation: “Do not stop him from cursing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:12	xk9r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will look at	0	Here “looking” means “considering.” Alternate translation: “will consider” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:12	smf2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	the misery unleashed on me	0	Here David speaks of misery as if it were a dangerous animal that the Benjamite unleashed on him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
16:13	h7jk			Shimei went beside him up on the hillside	0	Shimei was walking parallel to David and his men, though Shimei was up higher on the hillside.
16:15	l6bc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:16	p1gq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hushai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:16	d97z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	“It happened that.” This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
16:16	gp9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Arkite	0	See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:17	x1al			loyalty	0	a strong feeling of support and love
16:17	b4yd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Is this your loyalty to your friend? Why did you not go with him?	0	These rhetorical questions are asked to criticize Hushai. They can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have been a loyal friend to David; you should have gone with him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:18	t8c4			the one whom Yahweh	0	Hushai is referring to Absalom.
16:18	k7hr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	the one whom … that is the man … with him	0	Here Hushai is referring to Absalom in the third person to take emphasize off of him and place it on Yahweh and the people who chose him. This can be written in second person. Alternate translation: “you are the one whom … you are the man … with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
16:19	hq49		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	what man should I serve? Should I not serve in the presence of his son?	0	Hushai asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he wants to serve Absalom. They can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I should serve only David’s son, so I will serve in his presence.” or “I should serve you, for you are David’s son.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
16:20	f7w3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
16:21	d7c8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Go into your father’s slave wives	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
16:21	sm7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to keep the palace	0	The phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
16:21	jx59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	become a stench to your father	0	Ahithophel speaks of Absalom offending his father as if he would become something that had a strong and offensive odor. Alternate translation: “become offensive to your father” or “greatly insulted father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:21	bu9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong	0	Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples’ loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:22	cj6n			they spread	0	Alternate translation: “they set up”
16:22	gx92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Absalom went in to his father’s slave wives	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Absalom had sexual relations with his father’s slave wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
16:22	v3ik		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	in the sight of all Israel	0	This means that people were able to see the tent and Absalom walking in and out of the tent with the women. The phrase “all of Israel” is a generalization, for only people near the palace could see it. Alternate translation: “where the Israelites could see him go into the tent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
16:23	k3y9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Now the advice of Ahithophel … was as if a man heard	0	Here the author compare how much people trusted Ahithophel’s advice with how much they would trust advice directly from God. Alternate translation: “Now people trusted the advice of Ahithophel in those days in the same way they would have trusted it if had come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
16:23	qt97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself	0	Here God’s mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate translation: “as if God had said it with his own mouth” or “as if a man heard it spoken by God himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
16:23	jqr6			all of Ahithophel’s advice was viewed by both David and Absalom	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “both David and Absalom viewed all of Ahithophel’s advice”
16:23	p2g1			was viewed	0	Alternate translation: “was thought of”
17:intro	abch				0	# 2 Samuel 17 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Confusion\n\nAhithophel gives good advise to Absalom, but Hushai confuses Absalom. God is using the misleading advice to protect David, his king.
17:1	jz1q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahithophel	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:1	y3kl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twelve thousand men	0	“12,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
17:1	xpm7			arise and	0	Alternate translation: “begin to”
17:2	p8re			come on	0	Alternate translation: “come to”
17:2	ukx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	weary and weak	0	These words mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize how weak David was. Alternate translation: “weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
17:2	si3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	will surprise him with fear	0	Here the word “fear” can be expressed with the adjective “afraid.” Alternate translation: “will surprise him and make him afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:2	txi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will attack only the king	0	It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I will kill only the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:3	b53b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	bring back all the people	0	This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate translation: “bring back all of the people who were with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:3	b385		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a bride coming to her husband	0	Here Ahithophel speaks of the peoples’ happiness by comparing it to a bride’s happiness. Alternate translation: “and they will come happily, like a bride is happy when she comes to her husband” or “and they will come happily” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:3	fwq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	be at peace	0	This means to have peace or to live peacefully. Alternate translation: “live peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:3	d16g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	under you	0	This refers to being under the king’s authority. Alternate translation: “under your authority” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:5	b9n4			Hushai the Arkite	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md).
17:6	lw7i			Ahithophel	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
17:8	w2fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	they are like a bear robbed of her cubs	0	The anger of the soldiers here is being compared to that of a mother bear who cubs are taken from her. Alternate translation: “they are angry, like a mother bear whose cubs have been take from her” or “they are very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:8	ytp8			a bear	0	a large furry animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth
17:8	q99g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	is a man of war	0	This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate translation: “has fought in many battles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:9	vwd2			Look	0	Here this word is used to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
17:9	kc65			pit	0	a deep hole in the ground
17:9	v2xp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or in some other place	0	This is another place he may be hiding. Alternate translation: “or hidden in some other place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
17:9	d2wh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when some of your men have been killed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when his soldiers kill some of your men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:9	f1q8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	A slaughter has taken place among the soldiers who follow Absalom	0	The noun “slaughter” means an event where many people are brutally killed. This can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “Many of the soldiers who follow Absalom have been slaughtered” or “The enemy soldiers have killed many of the soldiers who follow Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:10	g7bl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	whose hearts are like the heart of a lion	0	Here the soldiers are refers to by their “hearts.” Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion’s. Alternate translation: “who are as brave as lions” or “who are very brave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:11	sm9p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that all Israel should be gathered together to you	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, here “all Israel” represents only the Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “that you should gather together all of the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
17:11	jz3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from Dan to Beersheba	0	This phrase means from the northern border of Israel to the southern border. Alternate translation: “from the whole nation of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
17:11	vl1f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	as numerous as the sands that are by the sea	0	This is an exaggeration where all the grains of sand on a beach are compared to the number of Israelite soldiers. Alternate translation: “so many that they can barely be counted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:11	lbr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that you go to battle in person	0	The phrase “in person” means to go yourself and not send someone else instead. Alternate translation: “then lead them yourself into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:12	v92h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	come on him	0	This means to purposefully go to where he is and then to attack. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:12	rys8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	we will cover him as the dew falls on the ground	0	Absalom’s army is described as covering David’s army like the dew covers the ground in the morning. Alternate translation: “we will overwhelm and completely defeat David’s army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:12	k6bm			dew	0	the fog or misty cloud of water that can fall onto the ground during the night, covering the ground and leaving it wet in the morning
17:12	jdy3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	We will not leave even one of his men … alive	0	This negative sentence is used for emphasis and can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill every one of his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
17:12	dwr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	him himself	0	Both these words refer to David. Alternate translation: “David himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
17:13	cez7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	then all Israel	0	This refers to Israel’s soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate translation: “then all of our soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
17:13	v4rx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river	0	This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate translation: “will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:13	ua57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	until there is no longer even a small stone found there	0	This is an exaggeration to describe how completely they will destroy the city. The would not literally sweep away every small stone from the city. Alternate translation: “until the city is completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
17:14	vg6q			Hushai the Arkite	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:32](../15/32.md). Arkite is the name of a people group.
17:14	erd5			Ahithophel	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:12](../15/12.md).
17:14	j39m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the rejection of Ahithophel’s good advice	0	The word “rejection” can be expressed with the verb “reject.” Alternate translation: “for the men of Israel to reject Ahithophel’s good advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:14	rwx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to bring destruction on Absalom	0	To “bring” something on someone means to cause it to happen to them. Alternate translation: “to cause a disaster to happen to Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:15	pp5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zadok … Abiathar	0	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:24](../15/24.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:15	f3gh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in such and such a way	0	This phrase, meaning “like this,” refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom earlier beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:16	b624			the fords of the Arabah	0	A ford is a shallow part of a river where people can walk across. The Arabah is the land along both sides of the Jordan River.
17:16	u94n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	by all means	0	This means to make sure that you do something. Alternate translation: “be sure to” or “make sure that you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:16	adt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the king will be swallowed up	0	Here the king and his people being killed is describes as if they were “swallowed” by their enemy. Alternate translation: “the king will be killed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:17	u8z7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonathan … Ahimaaz	0	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:17	q25n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	When the message came	0	Here the “message” is spoken of as coming to them, when really it is the woman who came to then bringing the message. Alternate translation: “When she brought them a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:17	h5de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	spring of Rogel	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:18	q737			this time	0	Alternate translation: “one time”
17:18	r7rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away	0	It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:18	t68a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bahurim	0	This is the name of a small town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:18	fa3m			they descended	0	Alternate translation: “they lowered themselves and hid”
17:19	j4xb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonathan … Ahimaaz	0	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:20	f1dc			the woman of the house	0	Alternate translation: “the man’s wife”
17:20	n16k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz … Jonathan	0	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:21	kx9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	“It happened.” This phrase marks the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
17:21	r493		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	cross quickly over the water	0	Here “the water” refers to the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “cross quickly over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:21	h17r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	has given such and such advice	0	The idiom “such and such” is used in the place of information that is already know by the reader. Here it refers to what Ahithophel advised Absalom beginning in [2 Samuel 17:1](../17/01.md). This information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “has advised that Absalom send him with an army to attack you now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:22	l8sk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	By morning daylight not one of them had failed to cross over the Jordan	0	This negative sentence is used to emphasize that they all crossed the river. It can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “By morning daylight every one of them had crossed over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
17:23	gix9			Ahithophel saw	0	Alternate translation: “Ahithophel knew” or “Ahithophel realized”
17:23	x22t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his advice had not been followed	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Absalom had not followed his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:23	pmh2			saddled his donkey	0	placed a blanket or small leather seat on the donkey so he could sit on it
17:23	zw5j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	set his affairs in order	0	He prepared for his death by telling his family what to do after he died. Alternate translation: “he prepared for his death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:23	yg9t			In this way	0	Alternate translation: “And this is how”
17:23	b2wa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	was buried	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:24	c8ze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim	0	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:8](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:25	dur7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amasa … Joab … Jether … Nahash	0	These are the names of men. See how you translated Joab and Zeruiah (Joab’s mother) in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:25	v1vl			Ishmaelite	0	This word means that the person is descended from Ishmael. Some versions say “Israelite” here. See the footnote. You may want to choose the word that is used in the majority language Bible in your area.
17:25	q7fs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	who went in to Abigail	0	This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “who had sexual relations with Abigail” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
17:25	yn85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abigail … Zeruiah	0	These are the names of women. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:26	p8z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gilead	0	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 2:9](../02/09.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:27	a88x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	It came about	0	This phrase is used to introduce the next event in the story line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
17:27	ya8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim … Rabbah … Lo Debar … Rogelim	0	These are the names of cities or places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:27	sb1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shobi … Nahash … Machir … Ammiel … Barzillai	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:27	g662		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ammonites … Gileadite	0	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
17:28	td28			sleeping mats and blankets	0	A mat is something soft to sleep on, and a blanket is a cloth covering for warmth.
17:28	sk67			flour	0	crushed grain made into powder and used to make bread
17:28	wym6			roasted	0	cooked with dry heat
17:28	epx5			beans	0	seeds that are cooked and eaten
17:28	s9d6			lentils	0	a kind of seed that is cooked and eaten
17:29	vx1d			curds	0	milk that has soured and become solid
17:29	hpg5			thirsty	0	in need of water or some other drink
18:intro	abci				0	# 2 Samuel 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter tells of the defeat and death of Absalom, ending this section on Absalom’s rebellion.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David’s mercy\nDavid reorganized his army and sent them out to battle, but told them to be merciful to Absalom. When David’s army defeated Absalom’s army, Absalom fled on a mule, but his hair caught in a tree limb and the mule ran on, leaving him hanging. One of David’s soldiers saw him and told Joab. Joab went and killed him. When David heard about this he mourned for his son, Absalom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])
18:1	y2u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David counted the soldiers who were with him and appointed	0	David did not count all of the people himself, rather other men counted them. Alternate translation: “David commanded for the soldiers who were with him to be counted and he appointed” or “David arranged the soldiers who were with him and appointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:1	qt9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	captains of thousands and captains of hundreds	0	This could mean: (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of soldiers that these captains led. Alternate translation: “captains of 1,000 soldiers and captains of 100 soldiers” or (2) the words translated as “thousands” and “hundreds” do not represent exact numbers, but are the names of larger and smaller military divisions. Alternate translation: “captains of large military divisions and captains of smaller military divisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:1	pa96			captains	0	A captain is a person who is in authority over a group of soldiers.
18:2	x31q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	one-third … another third	0	“one-third of the army … another third of the army.” A “third” is one part out of three equal parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
18:2	lu6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai … Zeruiah	0	See how you translated these men’s names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:2	xwu2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ittai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:2	zy14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gittite	0	This refers to a person from Gath, which is a Philistine city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:2	s8e1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will certainly go out with you myself, too	0	This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I myself will go with you to battle” or “I personally will go with you into battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:3	z3p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	half of us	0	The word “half” refers to one out of two equal parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:3	cmi5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you are worth ten thousand of us	0	This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate translation: “they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us” or “killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
18:3	nx5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	ten thousand	0	“10,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:3	r2hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	that you be ready to help us from the city	0	David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that you stay here in the city and send help to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:5	idy7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:5	nnf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ittai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:19](../15/19.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:5	jbs6			Deal gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom	0	“For my sake, do not harm the young man, Absalom.” The phrase “Deal gently” means to be kind to someone and not to harm them.
18:5	s62a			my sake	0	Alternate translation: “my well-being” or “my account”
18:6	ak3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	went out into the countryside against Israel	0	This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate translation: “went out into the countryside and fought against Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:6	na7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	against Israel	0	Here “Israel” refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate translation: “against the Israelite soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:7	xa6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The army of Israel was defeated there before the soldiers of David	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “There the soldiers of David defeated the army of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:7	ef2b			a great slaughter	0	an event where many people are brutally killed
18:7	qgp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty thousand men	0	“20,000 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:8	ndw4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	more men were consumed by the forest than by the sword	0	Here “the forest” is described as if it were alive and could act. “The sword” refers to David’s soldiers who fought with swords. Alternate translation: “dangerous things in the forest killed more men than David’s soldiers killed with their swords” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:9	fye9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers	0	This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David’s soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:9	ua3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his head was caught up in the tree branches	0	Absalom had long hair that got caught in the tree branches. Alternate translation: “his hair was caught in the tree branches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:9	iq6e			dangling	0	hanging or swinging loosely
18:9	eys5			between the ground and the sky	0	Alternate translation: “in the air”
18:10	n893			Look	0	Here this word is used to draw a person’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen”
18:11	w13x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why did you not strike him down to the ground?	0	This rhetorical question means that he should have killed him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. The phrase “strike down” means to kill. Alternate translation: “You should have struck him down to the ground!” or “You should have killed him immediately!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
18:11	aik2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	ten silver shekels	0	This can be written in modern units. Alternate translation: “ten silver coins” or “110 grams of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
18:11	xu84			belt	0	This is a special belt that shows people that someone is a great soldier and should be honored.
18:12	m6ur		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney	a thousand silver shekels	0	“1,000 silver shekels.” This can be stated in modern units. Alternate translation: “1,000 silver coins” or “11 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
18:12	y75l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	would not have reached out my hand against the king’s son	0	The phrase “reached out my hand” means to attack. Alternate translation: “would not have attacked the king’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:12	c6je		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	No one must touch	0	Here “touching” refers to “harming.” Alternate translation: “No none must harm” or “Do not harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:13	if8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a falsehood	0	The word “falsehood” can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Also, this refers to disobeying the king’s command. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “doing something that is wrong” or “by disobeying the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:13	b1r6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is nothing hidden from the king	0	Here the man speaks about how the king knows about almost everything that happens as if everything were a physical object he knew the location of. Alternate translation: “there is nothing that the king does not know” or “the king hears about everything that happens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:14	jl1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I will not wait for you	0	Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate translation: “I will not waste anymore time talking to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:14	m7ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	heart of Absalom	0	Here Absalom’s heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate translation: “chest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:15	va7x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	armor	0	This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate translation: “armor and weapons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:16	f9za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army	0	This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate translation: “Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:16	ji7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	returned from pursuing Israel	0	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite army. Alternate translation: “returned from pursuing the Israelite army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:17	st6r			They took Absalom and threw him	0	Alternate translation: “They took Absalom’s body and threw it”
18:17	d3n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	they buried his body under a very large pile of stones	0	After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “they covered his body with a huge pile of stones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:17	b87l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	while all Israel fled	0	Here “all Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word “fled” means “ran away.” Alternate translation: “while all the Israelite soldiers ran away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:18	s18q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the King’s Valley	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:18	j9s8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to carry along the memory of my name	0	Absalom uses the phrase “my name” to refer to himself and his family line. Alternate translation: “to carry on my family name, by which people would remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:18	tg1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so it is called Absalom’s Monument to this very day	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so people called it Absalom’s Monument from that day on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:18	h1qh			to this very day	0	This refers to the present time when this book of the Bible was written.
18:19	md2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ahimaaz	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 15:27](../15/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
18:19	qby5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	run to the king with the good news	0	Here Ahimaaz speaks of running to go and tell the king the good news as if the good news were a object that he were carrying. Alternate translation: “run to tell the king the good news” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:19	jyg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hand of his enemies	0	Here “hand” refers to control. Alternate translation: “the control of his enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:20	qeg4			the bearer of news	0	Alternate translation: “the one who tells the news”
18:20	v56v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	you will bear no news	0	This refers to not bearing the news to the king. Alternate translation: “you will not tell the news to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:21	q3lf			tell the king what you have seen	0	Joab is telling him to go and tell the king about the news of the battle.
18:24	zqb5			Now	0	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and the beginning of a new part of the story.
18:24	t7w3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	raised his eyes	0	Here the watchman looking to see something is spoken of as if he lifted up his eyes. Alternate translation: “looked out beyond the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:25	r6br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	there is news in his mouth	0	Here the king speaks of the man having a message as if the news were an object sitting in his mouth. Alternate translation: “he has news to tell us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:27	zpr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	I think the running of the man in front is like the running of Ahimaaz son of Zadok	0	The watchman compares the way the man ran to the way Ahimaaz runs to suggest that it may be him. Alternate translation: “I think the man running in front is Ahimaaz son Zadok, because he runs like Ahimaaz” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18:28	ft3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground	0	He did this to honor the king. Alternate translation: “He bowed himself before the king with his face to the ground to honor the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
18:28	qm8v			Blessed be Yahweh	0	“Praise Yahweh.” Here “bless” means to praise.
18:28	e5ky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the men who lifted up their hand against my master the king	0	Here Ahimaaz speaks of the men opposing the king as if they were raising their hands before him. Alternate translation: “the men who opposed and fought against my master the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:29	l8s8			a great disturbance	0	This means that people were acting as though things were not right.
18:30	bg95			Turn aside and stand here	0	Alternate translation: “Move out of the way” or “Stand aside”
18:31	e1tf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	rose up against	0	This means to oppose. Alternate translation: “opposed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:32	s9h4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The enemies of my master the king, & should be as that young man is	0	The Cushite uses a comparison as a polite way to tell the king that Absalom is dead. This can be stated more directly. Alternate translation: “I would like all your enemies … to die the way that young man died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
18:33	la2k			was deeply unnerved	0	Alternate translation: “was very unhappy” or “was trembling with grief”
19:intro	abcj				0	# 2 Samuel 19 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### David told to stop mourning Absalom\n\nJoab warned David that if he continued to mourn Absalom and not thank his army, they would all desert him. So David went out to encourage the soldiers. David was both a good father and a good leader.\n\n### David made king again\n\nThis chapter record the recognition that David was the true king of Israel. It is important to remember that even though Absalom had power for a while, David never stopped being the king.\n\n### The ten tribes and Judah argue over David\n\nThe ten tribes of Israel argued with the tribe of Judah about who would bring David across the river. The men of Judah answered the ten tribes very harshly. This may foreshadow, or give a glimpse of, the future civil war that would come to divide these two groups.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe people wanted David back as their king and expressed it in a rhetorical question: “So why are we not talking about bringing the king back?” David also used a question to persuade the people of Judah to bring him back: “You are my brothers, my flesh and bone. Why then are you the last to bring back the king?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:1	wl3f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Joab was told	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone told Joab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:1	ggg6			Look, the king is weeping	0	The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is weeping”
19:2	jq6i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army	0	This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT “So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:3	c8b8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like people who are ashamed sneak away when they run from battle	0	The author compares the way that the soldiers had to sneak back into the city to the way that soldiers sneak away when they are running away from battle. This emphasizes that they were made to feel ashamed. Alternate translation: “in the same way that people who had run away from battle would sneak away because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
19:3	z9zj			sneak	0	move without being seen by others
19:4	bt57		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The king covered his face	0	This is a way to express grief and mourning. Alternate translation: “The king showed his grief by covering his face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
19:5	ve2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today	0	Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame” Alternate translation: “You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today” or “You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:6	sx3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	nothing to you	0	This phrase is an exaggeration, but it expresses the very low value that David showed for the army. Alternate translation: “are worth very little to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
19:6	si4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if Absalom had lived, and we all had died, then that would have pleased you	0	The speaker is giving a hypothetical situation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
19:7	h9b9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	I swear by Yahweh	0	Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate translation: “I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:7	p34h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	if you do not go, not one man will remain with you	0	This means that only if David went would his soldiers remain with him. Alternate translation: “only if you go will any of your men remain with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
19:7	m2uc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	not one man will remain with you	0	This refers to them remaining loyal to him. Alternate translation: “not one man will remain loyal to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:8	e6vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all the people were told	0	This is a generalization. It means most of the men. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many of the men who were there heard others saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:8	msv7			Look, the king is sitting	0	The word “Look” is used here to draw someone’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen, the king is sitting”
19:8	q8cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all the people	0	Here “the people” refer to the people who followed David. Here “all” is an generalization. It means a large number came and gathered around him. Alternate translation: “many of the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
19:8	k5ue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	So Israel fled, every man to his home	0	Here “Israel” refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate translation: “And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home” or “And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:9	ypj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of our enemies	0	Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of our enemies” or “from our enemies’ control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:9	wn5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of the Philistines	0	Here “hand” means control. Alternate translation: “from under the control of the Philistines” or “from the Philistines’ control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:9	w56d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	out of the land because of Absalom	0	This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “out of the country fleeing from Absalom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:10	h2rq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	why do you say nothing about bringing the king back?	0	This means they should consider bringing David back now that Absalom was dead. The question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “we should be talking about bringing the king back.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:10	n7fv			the king	0	This refers to David.
19:11	ywv6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	sent to Zadok and to Abiathar	0	This means that David sent a messenger to Zadok and Abiathar. Alternate translation: “sent a messenger to Zadok and to Abiathar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:11	jd6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why are you the last to bring the king back … to bring him back to his palace?	0	This rhetorical question is asked to rebuke the elders in Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first to favor the king and bring him back to the palace, not the people of the nation of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:11	d4d9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	since the talk of all Israel favors the king, to bring	0	The noun “talk” can be expressed with the verb “talk” or “speak.” Alternate translation: “since all Israel speaks favorably about the king and desires to bring” or “since what the people of Israel are saying is in the king’s favor, to bring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
19:11	v8mv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to bring the king back to his palace	0	Here restoring the king’s authority to rule is spoken of as bringing him back to his palace. Alternate translation: “to restore the king’s authority as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:12	si3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	You are my brothers, my flesh and bone	0	The king uses these to phrases to emphasize that they are closely related. Being or having the same flesh is a metaphor for belonging to the same family or tribe. Alternate translation: “You are my brothers, and we have the same flesh and bone” or “You are my brothers, my close relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:12	n4pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then are you the last to bring back the king?	0	This is the second rhetorical question here and it is also a rebuke for the elders of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should have been the first, not the last, to bring back the king.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:13	uf92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amasa	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:13	h28k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Are you not my flesh and my bone?	0	David uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that they are related. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are my flesh and my bones.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:13	f88h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my flesh and my bone	0	Here David speaks of them being related by saying that they have the same flesh and bones. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Samuel 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “my relative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:13	gk6u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	God do so to me	0	This is an idiom that means for God to kill him. Alternate translation: “May God kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:14	g6z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he won the hearts	0	Here the mens’ loyalty is referred to as their “hearts.” Alternate translation: “he won the loyalty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:14	w82p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	as one man	0	This speaks of the men being united in their loyalty to the king as if they were one man with the same mind. Alternate translation: “and they were united together” or “they were united in their loyalty to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:14	a3id		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	They sent to the king	0	This means that they sent a messenger to the king. Alternate translation: “They sent a messenger to the king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:16	p33r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gera	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:16	ke2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bahurim	0	Translate the name of this place the same as you did in [2 Samuel 3:16](../03/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:17	kj6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	0	This is the name of a man. Translate as you did in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:17	e34y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	one thousand men … fifteen sons … twenty servants	0	“1,000 men … 15 sons … 20 servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
19:17	s7u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	in the presence of the king	0	This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate translation: “at the place where the king was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:19	tx71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	call to mind	0	This means “to remember.” Alternate translation: “remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:19	m7n5			your servant	0	Here Shimei refers to himself this way to humble himself before the king and honor the king.
19:19	s3zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	not take it to heart	0	“To take something to heart” means to think about something seriously or to be bothered by it. Alternate translation: “not be bothered by it” or “forget about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:21	w2c6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:21	p13v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zeruiah	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 2:13](../02/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:21	yth5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should not Shimei be put to death for this, because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed?	0	Abishai was angry at Shimei for cursing David and is suggesting that he should be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Shimei should be put to death because he cursed Yahweh’s anointed.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:21	spv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh’s anointed	0	This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate translation: “the man that Yahweh has anointed as king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:22	dn85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What have I to do with you … that you should today be adversaries to me?	0	David uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Abishai. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have nothing in common with you, you sons of Zeruiah! You have no good reason to become my adversaries today.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:22	s4fe		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will any man be put to death today in Israel? For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?	0	David uses these rhetorical questions to continue rebuking Abishai. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No person will be executed today in the nation of Israel, because today I am the one who is king over all of Israel.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:22	f3ky		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Will any man be put to death	0	This phrase “put to death” means to be killed or executed. Alternate translation: “Will any man be killed” or “Will I order any man to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:22	t2u7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For do I not know that today I am king over Israel?	0	Possible meanings of this rhetorical question are: (1) “I know that I am still king of Israel.” or (2) “Today I am the one who is king over Israel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:24	kg79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mephibosheth	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:24	sc2i			He had not dressed his feet	0	“He had not cared for his feet.” Mephibosheth’s feet were crippled. This phrase means that he had not taken proper care of his feet.
19:25	zrh9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?	0	David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate translation: “Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:27	vh2u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ziba	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 9:2](../09/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:27	bk18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	my master the king is like an angel of God	0	Here David’s wisdom is compared to the wisdom of an angel. Alternate translation: “my master the king is as wise as an angel of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
19:27	jn77		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	do what is good in your eyes	0	This means to do what you think is right. Alternate translation: “do what you believe to be the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:28	rll4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all my father’s house were dead men before my master the king	0	Mephibosheth speaks of how his relatives had deserved to be executed as if they had already been executed and were dead. Alternate translation: “all my father’s house deserved for my master the king to order them to be executed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:28	ww9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my father’s house	0	This refers to his father’s relatives. Alternate translation: “my father’s relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:28	fa5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What right therefore have I that I should still cry any more to the king?	0	Mephibosheth uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he has no right to request anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Therefore, I have no right to ask the king to do anything else for me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:29	wt65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why explain anything further?	0	David uses this rhetorical question to tell him that he does not need to continue talking about his conflict with Ziba. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to explain this any further.” or “You certainly do not need to say any more.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:31	yk1p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Barzillai	0	See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:31	zak8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gileadite	0	See how you translated the name of this people group in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:31	w1ce		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rogelim	0	See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:31	g56k			the Jordan	0	the Jordan River
19:32	ffn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Mahanaim	0	See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 17:27](../17/27.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:32	cj9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty years old	0	“80 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
19:32	a2k7			had furnished the king with provisions	0	Alternate translation: “had provided what the king needed”
19:34	y2r5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	How many days are left in the years of my life, that I should go up with the king to Jerusalem?	0	Here Barzillai means that he is old and that there is no reason for him to accompany David. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am certainly not going to live many more years. There is no good reason for me to go up with the king to Jerusalem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:35	sy7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eighty years old	0	“80 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
19:35	n8fn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can I distinguish between good and bad?	0	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. Here “good” and “bad” refer to what is desirable and what is not. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot distinguish between what is desirable and what is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:35	d6qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink?	0	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot enjoy the taste of what I eat and drink.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:35	dgv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women?	0	Barzillai uses rhetorical questions to emphasize why he does not want to go to Jerusalem. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot hear well the voices of singing men and singing women.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:35	f2zi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then should your servant be a burden to my master the king?	0	Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not want to be a burden to the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your servant should not go with you and be a burden to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:36	x8m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should the king repay me with such a reward?	0	Barzillai uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not know why the king would reward him this way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not know why the king would repay me with such a great reward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:37	tj5t				0	# General Information:\n\nBarzillai asks that Kimham be allowed to take his place instead with David.
19:37	lt2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kimham	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
19:37	wef7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	by the grave of my father and my mother	0	This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “where my father’s and my mother’s graves are” or “where my father and my mother are buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:37	sn5r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Let him cross over	0	This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “Let him cross over the Jordan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19:38	sm6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Kimham will go over with me	0	This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Kimham will cross the river with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:40	v221		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	crossed over to Gilgal	0	They crossed over the Jordan River. Alternate translation: “crossed over the river to Gilgal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19:40	hzp4			Kimham	0	See how you translated this name in [2 Samuel 19:37](../19/37.md).
19:40	jw3n			All the army of Judah brought the king over, and also half the army of Israel	0	Alternate translation: “All the army of Judah and half the army of Israel brought the king over”
19:40	t9rb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	brought the king over	0	They crossed over the Jordan River with the king. Alternate translation: “escorted the king over the river” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19:41	sbd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why have our brothers, the men of Judah … and all David’s men with him?	0	The men of Israel use this question to express that they feel betrayed by the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not right that our brothers, the men of Judah, who did not support you as king, had the privilege of bringing you and your family back across the Jordan River.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:41	r7ae		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stolen you away	0	The men of Israel speak of how the men of Judah escorted the king across the river as if the king were something they stole that did not belong to them. Alternate translation: “taken you away from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:41	hgi3			the Jordan	0	the Jordan River
19:42	nu1g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then are you angry about this?	0	The men of Judah ask this rhetorical question to rebuke the men of Israel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “But you have no reason to be upset about this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:42	u3wj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Have we eaten anything that the king had to pay for? Has he given us any gifts?	0	The men of Judah ask the question to express that they have not taken anything from the king. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The king has never paid for our food, and he has never given us any gifts.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:43	nbt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	we have even more right to David than you	0	“we have a greater claim to David than you do.” It may be helpful to state clearly what having “more right” means. Alternate translation: “we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:43	vc2s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why then did you despise us?	0	The men of Israel ask this rhetorical question to express their anger. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have despised us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:43	vlb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Was not our proposal to bring back our king the first to be heard?	0	The men of Israel ask this question to remind and rebuke the people of Judah. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “We were the first to suggest that we bring back the king!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
19:43	el5k			the words of the men of Judah were even more harsh than the words of the men of Israel	0	Alternate translation: “the men of Judah spoke even more harshly than the men of Israel did”
20:intro	abck				0	# 2 Samuel 20 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Sheba’s revolt\nA man named Sheba told the people of the ten tribes that David was Judah’s king, but not their king. David worked hard to preserve unity in Israel after this time of division.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Idiom\n\nJoab used an idiom “has lifted up his hand against the king, against David” meaning “revolted against David,” to explain why his army was attacking the city of Able. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:1	fz8c			to be at the same place	0	This refers to the town of Gilgal.
20:1	a6ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sheba … Bikri	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:1	l45i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	We have no part in David, neither have we any inheritance in the son of Jesse	0	Both of these statements mean the same thing. Sheba is emphasizing that he and the tribes of Israel have no relationship with David. Alternate translation: “The inheritance of David and his father’s family does not belong to us” or “We are not a part of David and his father’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:3	j97w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to keep the palace	0	Here the phrase “to keep” means to take care of. Alternate translation: “to take care of the palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:3	e4kn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in a house under guard	0	If a house is “under guard” it means that a guard is posted at the house. Alternate translation: “in a house and put a guard there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:3	ymh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	he did not lie with them	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he did not have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
20:3	b16i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they were shut up	0	This means that they were not allowed to leave the house. Alternate translation: “they were shut inside the house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:3	p4su			widows	0	These are women whose husbands have died.
20:4	zm4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Amasa	0	This is the commander of David’s army. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 17:25](../17/25.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:6	ai94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abishai	0	This is another commander of David’s army. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:6	qm7j			do us more harm	0	Alternate translation: “hurt us more”
20:6	gm22			your master’s servants, my soldiers	0	The phrase “my soldiers” clarifies which “servants.” David refers to himself as “your master” as a formal way of speaking to someone with less authority.
20:6	q3jp			pursue after	0	Alternate translation: “chase after”
20:6	g2i6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he will find fortified cities	0	This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David’s army. The word “he” represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate translation: “he and his men will hide in fortified cities” or “he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20:6	lm43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of our sight	0	Here David refers to his army by their sight to emphasize that Sheba and his men would be hidden and David’s army would be unable to capture them. Alternate translation: “from us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:7	x1ai		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerethites … Pelethites	0	These are the names of people groups who helped to protect King David. See how you translated this man’s name in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:8	kyh2			When they were	0	Alternate translation: “When Joab and the men of Judah were”
20:8	g899			belt	0	a strip of leather or other material used to hold clothing or weapons in place
20:8	gg8n			sheathed sword	0	This means the sword was in its protective covering.
20:8	mw2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the sword fell out	0	Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate translation: “he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:9	cca2			my cousin	0	Amasa was the son of the sister of Joab’s mother.
20:9	yw2u			took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him	0	This was a common way for men to greet one another.
20:10	e612			dagger	0	a short sword that is easy to hide and was often used for close-in fighting and assassinations
20:10	pd2k			bowels spilled	0	Alternate translation: “intestines spilled”
20:11	m94g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he who is for David	0	To be “for” someone means to support them. Alternate translation: “he who supports David” or “he who is loyal to David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:12	dp5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Amasa lay wallowing in his blood	0	“Amasa lay squirming in his blood.” Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate translation: “Amasa lay dead in his blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:12	r75k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	all the people stood still … came by him stood still	0	This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa’s dead body. Alternate translation: “all the people stood still staring at the dead body … came by him stood still, staring at his dead body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:12	rgl8			he carried Amasa	0	Alternate translation: “he carried Amasa’s body”
20:13	y3pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	After Amasa was taken off the road	0	This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “After the man took Amasa off the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:13	x48e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in pursuit of	0	This abstract noun can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “pursuing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
20:14	ppx4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Sheba passed through	0	Here “Sheba” refers to both him and his army. Alternate translation: “Sheba and his army” or “Sheba and his men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20:14	b6n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abel Beth Maacah	0	Both Abel and Beth Maacah names refer to the same place and may be combined. It is a city near the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:14	k4pw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	of the Bikrites	0	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:14	ig39			also pursued Sheba	0	Alternate translation: “also followed Sheba”
20:15	u7dg			They caught up with him	0	Alternate translation: “Joab and the soldiers caught up with him”
20:15	t6t2			against the city against the wall	0	Alternate translation: “against the city wall”
20:15	n7h9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	battered the wall to knock it down	0	This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate translation: “used a battering ram to knock down the wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:16	k1s4			Listen, please listen	0	The repetition of “Listen” strengthens the woman’s plea.
20:17	a5x5			Listen to the words of your servant	0	The woman refers to herself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
20:18	xv3v			that advice would end the matter	0	Alternate translation: “that advice would solve the problem”
20:19	l2yb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	most peaceful and faithful in Israel	0	This describes the cities. Alternate translation: “most peaceful and faithful cities in Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
20:19	vb6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	city that is a mother in Israel	0	This speaks of the importance of this city among the nation of Israel as if it were a well respected mother. Alternate translation: “city that everyone in Israel respects like they would their mother” or “city that is very important and that Israel respects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:19	f7wf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why do you want to swallow up the inheritance of Yahweh?	0	Here the woman uses a rhetorical question to suggest to Joab what they should not do. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not destroy the city that is Yahweh’s inheritance!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20:19	h83g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	swallow up	0	Here the woman speaks of the army destroying the city as if the city were food to be swallowed. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:19	v31s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the inheritance of Yahweh	0	Here the city is referred to as Yahweh’s inheritance to emphasize that it belongs to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “a city that belongs to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:20	kn3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Far be it, far be it from me, that I should	0	He repeats this phrase to emphasize that this is something he would never do. Alternate translation: “Truly, truly, I would never” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:20	u14u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	that I should swallow up or destroy	0	This refers to destroying the city. This may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that I should swallow up or destroy your city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
20:20	lh3j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	swallow up or destroy	0	Both of these phrases means to destroy. In the first phrase “destroying” is spoken of as if it were “swallowing.” These may be combined. Alternate translation: “ruin or destroy the city” or “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:21	bq5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	has lifted up his hand against	0	This means to rebel and fight against someone. Alternate translation: “has opposed” or “is rebelling against” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:21	vu8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Give up him alone	0	Joab is asking for the people of the city to release Sheba to him. Alternate translation: “Hand this man over to us” or “Give this man to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:21	rt99		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	I will withdraw from the city	0	Here the “I” refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate translation: “We will withdraw from the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20:21	tda3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	His head will be thrown	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “We will throw his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:22	p855		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom	0	This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate translation: “Then the wise woman spoke to all the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:22	l63y			every man to his home	0	Alternate translation: “every man went to his own home”
20:23	ail7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	“Now” marks a break in the main story line. This new section gives background information about the men who served King David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
20:23	bu9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Joab was over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over	0	The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Joab had authority over … Benaiah son of Jehoiada had authority over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:23	di2d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Benaiah … Jehoiada	0	Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:23	s3i1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kerethites … Pelethites	0	Translate the names of these people groups the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:24	hw6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Adoniram was over	0	The phrase “was over” refers to having authority over a group of people. Alternate translation: “Adoniram had authority over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:24	qv95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Adoniram	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:24	rx8x			the men who did forced labor	0	Alternate translation: “the slave workers”
20:24	hbx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jehoshaphat … Ahilud	0	Translate the names of these men the same as you did in [2 Samuel 8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:25	pjz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sheva	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:26	w67i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ira	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20:26	qk9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jairite	0	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:intro	abcl				0	# 2 Samuel 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Famine caused by a broken oath\n\nWhen Israel first conquered the land, they promised not to kill the people of Gibeon. When Saul tried to kill them all, God caused a famine in Israel. David made amends with the people of Gideon and the famine ended. David also kept his vow to Jonathan’s sons. This helps to show the wisdom of king David. Although these people were not Israelites, they believed in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])\n\n### Wisdom, grace and justice\nDavid is seen to have many great qualities in this chapter. These were qualities important for a king of Israel: wisdom, grace and justice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])
21:1	yc9z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	sought the face of Yahweh	0	Here “face” is a synecdoche for Yahweh’s presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:1	f1fs			because of Saul and his murderous family	0	Saul had killed many Gibeonites, and Saul’s descendants are guilty because of this sin.
21:2	j82w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Now	0	Here “Now” marks a break in the main story line. This gives background information about the Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
21:3	r66c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	What should I do for you? How can I make atonement … promises?	0	These two sentences have similar meanings. Alternate translation: “What can I do to remove this sin, so that you may bless the people of Yahweh, who inherit his goodness and promises?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
21:4	xp8q			It is not a matter of silver or gold	0	Alternate translation: “Money will not solve the problem”
21:5	tq7e			who schemed against us	0	Alternate translation: “who made plans against us”
21:6	hce6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	let seven men from his descendants be handed over to us	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “allow your men to give seven of his descendants to us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:6	ac94			we will hang them	0	Alternate translation: “we will execute them by hanging”
21:6	gb8q			in Gibeah of Saul	0	Saul was from the town of Gibeah.
21:6	s77u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one chosen by Yahweh	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one whom Yahweh chose” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:7	u686			Mephibosheth	0	Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan. See how you translated his name in [2 Samuel 4:4](../04/04.md).
21:8	nz4w			Rizpah … Aiah	0	Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
21:8	vnv4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Armoni and Mephibosheth … Adriel … Barzillai	0	These are names of men. This is not the same Mephibosheth as the son of Jonathan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:8	ab2b			Merab	0	This is the name of a woman. See how you translated it in [2 Samuel 3:13](../03/13.md).
21:8	p5t5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Meholathite	0	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:9	ji6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He handed them over into the hands of the Gibeonites	0	Here “the hands of the Gibeonites” represents the Gibeonite people’s control. Alternate translation: “He gave them to the Gibeonites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:9	uyb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	They were put to death	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Gibeonites put them to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:10	vaz5			Rizpah … Aiah	0	Rizpah was a woman and her father was Aiah. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 3:7](../03/07.md).
21:11	hs9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It was told to David	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told David” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:12	z1rv			Jabesh Gilead	0	Jabesh is a town in the region of Gilead. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 2:4](../02/04.md).
21:12	vw7s			the public square	0	This is an area near the city gate where people did various kinds of business.
21:12	nd8d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Beth Shan	0	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:12	ku3i			Gilboa	0	See how you translated the name of this place in [2 Samuel 1:6](../01/06.md).
21:13	n7ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who had been hanged	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Gibeonites executed by hanging” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:14	ai2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Zela	0	This is the name of a town in Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:14	bga5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kish	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:14	kw3r			his father	0	Alternate translation: “Saul’s father”
21:16	d7sb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Ishbi-Benob	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:16	b31k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	three hundred shekels	0	“300 shekels.” This is about 3.4 kilograms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
21:17	e49h			Abishai son of Zeruiah	0	Abishai and Zeruiah are names of men. See how you translated these names in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
21:17	d893		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you do not put out the lamp of Israel	0	The “lamp of Israel” is a metaphor that refers to David’s leadership and the idea that if David were to die, the people of Israel would have no clear direction. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:18	i8h8			It came about after this that	0	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
21:18	ei1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Gob	0	This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:18	zih5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Sibbekai … Saph	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:18	zz7e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hushathite … Rephaim	0	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:18	g7p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rephaim	0	This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:19	pv8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite	0	Some versions translate this as “Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
21:19	xl44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Elhanan son of Jair … Goliath	0	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:19	x5yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethlehemite … Gittite	0	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:19	b7w9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	whose spear was like a weaver’s beam	0	When a person was weaving a cloth he would run the threads through hooks attached to large sticks called a “weaver’s beam.” This means Goliath’s spear was larger than a normal spear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
21:20	nqr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	twenty-four in number	0	“24 fingers and toes altogether” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
21:20	cka4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Rephaim	0	This people group was known for its giant warriors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:21	j56u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jonathan son of Shimeah	0	These are names of men. Shimeah was David’s brother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
21:22	mqg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers	0	Here “by the hand of” means “through” or “by.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “David and his soldiers killed them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:intro	abcm				0	# 2 Samuel 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 22:2–51.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God rescued David\n\nGod rescued David when he thought he would die. He protected David, fought against his enemies, and enabled him to defeat his enemies.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphor\n\nDavid uses many metaphors to express his trust in God’s protection: “my rock, my fortress, my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold and my refuge.” He used other metaphors to express his hopelessness: “the waves of death surrounded me,” “the rushing waters of worthlessness overwhelmed me,” “the cords of sheol surrounded me;” “the snares of death trapped me,” and “the surging water.” He also used metaphors for the victory God gave him: “I can run over a barricade” and “by my God I can leap over a wall.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
22:1	vx4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	# General Information:\n\nDavid’s song to Yahweh starts. He uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
22:1	sh9l			out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul	0	This is a progression from enemies in general to one specific enemy of David, King Saul.
22:1	gzu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	out of the hand of	0	This metonym means “out of the power of.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:2	t5y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is my rock, my fortress	0	This metaphor shows a progression from a part, “rock,” to the whole, “fortress.” A fortress is built of many large rocks. This means Yahweh has the strength to protect his people from harm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:3	h8pd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God is my rock … He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, my stronghold	0	All of these metaphors are symbols of God’s strength and power. They emphasize God’s ability to protect and save his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:4	v4up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	who is worthy to be praised	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “who is worthy to receive praise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:4	p1jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	I will be saved from my enemies	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will save me from my enemies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:5	xvj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For the waves of death surrounded me, the rushing waters of destruction overwhelmed me	0	David compares the wicked men who wanted to kill him to flood waters that are about to drown him. These sentences have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
22:5	p6bv			the rushing waters of destruction	0	This is a picture of fast-flowing flood waters that destroy everything in their path.
22:6	d6ka		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me	0	David speaks about death and Sheol as if they are people who are trying to trap him as a hunter traps an animal. These phrases have similar meanings and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
22:7	m7xw			In my distress	0	Alternate translation: “In my great trouble”
22:7	dv16			he heard my voice from his temple	0	David is referring to the heavenly temple where Yahweh dwells. The earthly temple has not yet been built.
22:7	v2zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my call for help went into his ears	0	Here the metonym “his ears” refers to Yahweh and his hearing of David’s call for help. Alternate translation: “he heard my prayer for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:7	w8ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his ears	0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he had ears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:8	ai6g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then the earth shook	0	This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of the earth shaking to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:8	gxt8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	earth shook … heavens trembled	0	David speaks of the two extremes to include everything in creation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22:8	x6xl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	and were shaken, because God was angry	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because God’s anger shook them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:9	qf19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	were ignited by it	0	This is Yahweh’s response to David’s cry for help from his enemies ([1 Samuel 22:7](./07.md)). David uses the imagery of fire coming from Yahweh to emphasize Yahweh’s terrible anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:9	c8xq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his nostrils … his mouth	0	David speaks of Yahweh as if he had these humans parts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:9	cq54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Coals were ignited by it	0	Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to fire, which causes coals to ignite and burn. Alternate translation: “The flame from his mouth set coals on fire” or “He also sent burning coals from his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:10	f5ym		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He opened the heavens	0	David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:10	pg86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	under his feet	0	David speaks of God as having feet like humans. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:11	r4l7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	He was seen on the wings of the wind	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He appeared on the wings of the wind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:11	gmc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the wings of the wind	0	This expression speaks of the wind as if it were a bird. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:12	mit5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	rain clouds in the skies	0	David describes Yahweh’s way of saving David from his enemies as a storm cloud gathering over a place. This emphasizes God’s power and his anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:12	ee39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He made darkness a tent around him	0	Here the darkness Yahweh creates is compared to a tent which hides him completely. Alternate translation: “He hid himself in the darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:13	t957			From the lightning before him coals of fire fell	0	This could mean: (1) “Out of his bright light he sent burning coals” or (2) “From his brightness he sent lightning”
22:13	g4lk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	From the lightning before him	0	David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:14	d4ht		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The Most High shouted.	0	David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:15	h783		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	He shot arrows	0	David describes Yahweh doing these actions a person would do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:15	i235		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He shot arrows … lightning bolts	0	David compares the lightning from Yahweh’s storm to arrows that a soldier would use. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:15	rg2n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lightning bolts and dispersed them	0	David continues describing Yahweh, whom he compares to a storm, coming to save him from his enemies. This emphasizes God’s power and anger towards David’s enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:16	za11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Then the channels of the sea were seen … breath of his nostrils	0	When Yahweh shouted in his attack against David’s enemies, it is compared to his power to create upheaval in the deepest parts of the ocean and the earth. This shows his great power and fierce anger. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:16	dcq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the channels of the sea were seen	0	This means that the sea water moved and the ocean floor was visible. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People could see the channels of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:16	it2c			the channels of the sea	0	the deepest part of the sea, from which the Hebrews believed was where the water in the sea came
22:16	kcr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the foundations of the world were laid bare at the rebuke of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils	0	David compares Yahweh’s anger to turbulent movements of the ground. “If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s rebuke, the breath of his nostrils, laid bare the foundations of the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:17	kw87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	out of the surging water	0	David compares his enemies to a flood that threatens to drown him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:18	lg3q			He rescued me from my strong enemy	0	David’s enemies were overwhelming. He praises God for delivering him from all his enemies.
22:19	zv1u			They came against me on the day of my distress	0	Alternate translation: “My enemies fought against me when I was in great trouble”
22:19	nty3			the day of my distress	0	Alternate translation: “the time of my distress”
22:19	v9h4			but Yahweh was my support	0	Alternate translation: “but Yahweh supported me” or “but Yahweh helped me”
22:20	yh2u			a wide open place	0	This refers to a place where there was no danger and his enemies could not trap him.
22:21	en85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the measure of the cleanness of my hands	0	Here “cleanness of my hands” means the same as “righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because I obey his commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:22	s787			I have kept the ways of Yahweh	0	Here “the ways of Yahweh” refers to how Yahweh wants his people to act. This means David has done what Yahweh commands.
22:23	ze3e			have been before me	0	This means David constantly reads and thinks about God’s decrees.
22:24	j1e5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I have kept myself from sin	0	This refers to choosing not to sin against Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:25	qdu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	to the degree of my cleanness in his sight	0	Here “my cleanness” means the same as “my righteousness.” Alternate translation: “because he knows that I have done what he commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:27	b64p			you are perverse to the twisted	0	Here “perverse” means to be cunning or crafty, and “twisted” means to turn away from what is good and right. This means God is wise in how he deals with wicked people.
22:28	yma2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	your eyes are against the proud	0	Here the metonym “your eyes” refers to what Yahweh sees. This means Yahweh watches the proud person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:28	b16y			you bring them down	0	Alternate translation: “you destroy their pride”
22:29	h2zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you are my lamp, Yahweh. Yahweh lights up my darkness	0	This metaphor compares Yahweh to a lamp, which means he gives David light and helps him to see when things seem hopeless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:30	l2yd			I can run over a barricade	0	Here “barricade” may refer to a group of soldiers or to a stone wall. Either way it means God enables David to defeat his enemies.
22:30	ul6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	I can leap over a wall	0	David is exaggerating to emphasize Yahweh’s help. Alternate translation: “I can climb over the wall that surrounds their city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
22:31	gj1g			The word of Yahweh is pure	0	Alternate translation: “Everything Yahweh says is true”
22:31	udr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	He is a shield	0	The metaphor “a shield” emphasizes God’s power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:32	p5ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For who is God except Yahweh, and who is a rock except our God?	0	David uses this question to emphasize that there is no God apart from Yahweh. These may be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Yahweh alone is God. Our God alone is a rock.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:32	d37f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who is a rock	0	David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his strength and ability to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:33	c5tv			he leads the blameless person on his path	0	Yahweh keeps the blameless person safe and removes anything that may harm him.
22:34	wm3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He makes my feet swift like a deer and places me on the high hills	0	Here David’s feet are compared to those of a deer using exaggeration. Yahweh gives David the strength to move quickly and provides secure places for protection and rest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
22:35	n5gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my hands … and my arms	0	Both of these refer to David. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:35	p7ie			to bend a bow of bronze	0	Only a very strong man could use a bow made from metal.
22:36	ly9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the shield of your salvation	0	David compares Yahweh’s power to save him to a shield that protects a soldier from his enemy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:36	ae4t			your favor	0	God answered David’s prayers and granted him blessings and success over his enemies.
22:37	p573		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me	0	Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his “feet” to emphasize his ability to stand securely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:38	w4kt			pursued my enemies	0	Alternate translation: “chased my enemies”
22:39	ax1n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I devoured them and smashed them	0	Here David compares himself to a wild animal. Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed them like a wild animal devouring its prey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:39	e2qk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	under my feet	0	Here “feet” refers to the power and control of victory over his enemies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:40	k5cg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	You put strength on me like a belt for battle	0	Here the strength that Yahweh gives is compared to a belt for battle that allowed David to do mighty things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
22:40	ea24			you put under me those who rise up against me	0	Alternate translation: “you helped me defeat those who fought against me”
22:41	p97v			the back of my enemies’ necks	0	This could mean: (1) David seeing the backs of the enemy as they run away or (2) David putting his foot on the back of his enemy’s neck after he defeats him.
22:41	ip4h			I annihilated	0	Alternate translation: “I completely destroyed”
22:42	h32w			They cried	0	Alternate translation: “My enemies cried”
22:42	c9qg			they cried out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them	0	The time for Yahweh’s judgment had come upon them.
22:43	fum1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like dust on the ground … like mud in the streets	0	This means that David completely destroyed his enemies. These two phrases “like dust on the ground” and “like mud on the streets” have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
22:44	th42			from the disputes of my own people	0	This refers to those among the Israelites who rebelled against King David.
22:44	tjl8			You have kept me as the head of nations	0	“You placed me as ruler over the nations.” Here “nations” refers to other nations besides Israel.
22:44	p5i2			A people that I have not known	0	Alternate translation: “A foreign people”
22:45	t5y6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Foreigners were forced to bow to me	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Foreigners bowed down to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:47	u5bd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	May my rock be praised. May God be exalted	0	These sentences have similar meaning and are used for emphasis. These may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May everyone praise my rock. May everyone exalt God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:47	xr9u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	my rock … the rock	0	David compares Yahweh to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:48	z1qb			the one who brings down peoples under me	0	Alternate translation: “the one who puts the people of other nations under my rule”
22:49	iu4b			you lifted me up above those who rose up against me	0	Alternate translation: “you saved me from my enemies and gave me honor”
22:49	e1y3			from violent men	0	Alternate translation: “from those who want to harm me”
22:50	r7zu				0	# General Information:\n\nDavid concludes his song to Yahweh.
22:50	qk4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to your name	0	Here the metonym “name” refers to Yahweh’s reputation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:51	fz6y			he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one	0	Here David may be referring to the promises Yahweh made in [2 Samuel 7:8](../07/08.md)
23:intro	abcn				0	# 2 Samuel 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 23:2–7.\n\n2 Samuel 23:8–39 is a list of the famous people in David’s army along with some of the special deeds some of them did. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Everlasting covenant\n\nThis is a reference to the covenant God previously made with David. (See: [2 Samuel 7](../07/01.md), [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]).
23:1	jk1i			Now	0	This marks the beginning of a new section of the book.
23:1	lw9i			these are the last words	0	This refers to what David will say in 2 Samuel 23:2–7.
23:1	hvt1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the man who was highly honored, the one anointed by the God of Jacob	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the man whom the God of Jacob highly honored and anointed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:1	y2lz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	anointed by the God of Jacob	0	Anointing was done by pouring oil on a person’s head. This was done to choose who would serve God as king or priest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
23:1	khe9			psalmist	0	This is a person who writes psalms or songs.
23:2	ey25			by me	0	by David
23:2	r3yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	and his word was on my tongue	0	Here “on my tongue” is a metonym for David speaking. Alternate translation: “he gave me a message to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:3	c9yd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The God of Israel spoke, the Rock of Israel … me	0	Here the “God of Israel” is the same as the “Rock of Israel.” The two phrases say essentially the same thing. David compares God to a rock to emphasize his power to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:3	w218		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The one who rules righteously over men, who rules in the fear of God	0	These two sentences both say that the king will respect God and do what God wants him to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
23:3	a7ac			in the fear of God	0	Alternate translation: “respecting God”
23:4	er3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	He will be like the morning light … sunshine after rain	0	Here God is comparing the king to the morning light and sunshine after the rain. These are all ways of saying this king would be a delight to God and a blessing for the people. These two phrases have a similar meaning and are used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “He will be a delight to all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
23:5	hef3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Indeed, is my family not like this before God?	0	Here David is saying that he agrees with God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “My family is indeed like this before God!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23:5	n1tt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Has he not made … way?	0	David acknowledges that God has made a covenant with him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He has indeed made … way.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23:5	gq5b			ordered and sure	0	This means God’s covenant is properly organized and will not change so David’s family can trust it.
23:5	r8xz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does he not increase my salvation … desire?	0	David believes that God will always help him and cause him to prosper. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He increases my salvation and gives me my every desire.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23:6	abg3				0	# General Information:\n\nThis concludes David’s last words.
23:6	ic15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	But the worthless will all be like thorns to be thrown away	0	Here the wicked person is compared to useless thorns. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But the wicked person is worthless and dangerous like thorns we throw away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:6	dgn8			because they cannot be gathered by one’s hands	0	Alternate translation: “because no one can pick them up with his hands without the thorns hurting him”
23:7	api5			They must be burned up where they lie	0	“Where thorns are found, that is where they must be burned.” This means God will destroy wicked people.
23:8	ck79		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jeshbaal	0	This is the name of a man. Other versions read Josheb Basshebeth, Jashobeam, Ishbaal, or Ishbosheth because various ancient copies have these variations. Translators may choose to say this in a footnote to their translation (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:8	pka9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hachmonite	0	This is the name of a people group. Alternate translation: “son of Hachmon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:8	vbh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	eight hundred	0	“800” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
23:10	lw96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The army returned after Eleazar	0	This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate translation: “The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23:10	jab4			only to strip the bodies	0	Alternate translation: “only to take what they wanted from the dead bodies of the enemies”
23:11	kv12			a field of lentils	0	Alternate translation: “a field where someone had planted lentils”
23:11	t6zi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	lentils	0	a flat seed, eaten like beans (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
23:11	dqs9			the army fled	0	Alternate translation: “the Israelite army ran away”
23:13	jyy8			Three of the thirty	0	These are not the same three soldiers mentioned in [2 Samuel 23:8–12](./08.md).
23:13	de7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	the thirty	0	“the 30” or “the thirty bravest Israelite soldiers.” The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23:13	y5db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	cave of Adullam	0	“cave near the town of Adullam.” Adullam is near Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:13	w9u8			Valley of Rephaim	0	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 5:18](../05/18.md).
23:14	f68v			in his stronghold	0	Alternate translation: “in his protected place”
23:14	pej4			the Philistines had established at Bethlehem	0	Alternate translation: “some Philistines soldiers were controlling the village of Bethlehem”
23:16	r8yf			broke through the army	0	Alternate translation: “fought their way through the enemy army”
23:17	nz91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should I drink the blood of men who have risked their lives?	0	David compares the water to blood because the men risked their lives to bring the water to him. He uses a question to emphasize this. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Drinking this water would be like drinking the blood of those men who have risked their lives to bring it to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:18	jjf7			Abishai … Zeruiah	0	These are the names of men. Translate them as in [2 Samuel 2:18](../02/18.md).
23:18	xve2			captain over the three	0	This means Abishai was the leader of the three who went and got water for David.
23:18	cs6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	three hundred men	0	“300 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
23:18	gxa6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	He was often mentioned along with the three soldiers	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People often mentioned him when they spoke about the three bravest men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:19	ir5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Was he not even more famous than the three?	0	This question is used to emphasize how famous he was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He was even more famous than the three.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23:19	gph9			three most famous soldiers	0	This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah. Abishai was not as famous as these soldiers.
23:20	l41w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Kabzeel	0	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:20	g72h			Jehoiada	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [2 Samuel 8:18](../08/18.md).
23:20	vqy6			Ariel	0	This is the name of a man.
23:22	k95v			did these feats	0	Alternate translation: “did these mighty deeds”
23:22	y87l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he was named alongside the three mighty men	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people praise him like they praised the three mighty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:22	nbw7			three mighty men	0	This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.
23:23	b1df		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men	0	“He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
23:23	l8t2			his bodyguard	0	a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David
23:24	q89a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	# General Information:\n\nThis is a list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:24	h79d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	The thirty	0	“The 30 very famous soldiers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23:37	ud59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names		0	# General Information:\n\nThis concludes the list of David’s greatest soldiers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
23:39	t6d8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	thirty-seven in all	0	“there were 37 total” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
24:intro	abco				0	# 2 Samuel 24 General Notes\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Counting soldiers\n\nDavid ordered the leaders of his army to count how many men of fighting age there were. He was not supposed to do this because it showed he did not trust God. God was displeased and offered David three punishments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])
24:1	c86d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the anger of Yahweh was ignited against Israel	0	The word “ignite” means start a fire. Here Yahweh’s anger is compared to that of a fire. Alternate translation: “the anger of Yahweh started to burn like a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:1	dq6l			he moved David against them	0	Alternate translation: “he caused David to oppose them”
24:1	x6eq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Go, count Israel and Judah	0	In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:2	u7bz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Dan to Beersheba	0	This phrase uses two place names Dan, in the far north, and Beersheba, in the far south, to represent the entire country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
24:2	fu4s			count all the people … fit for battle	0	This means to count all the men except those men who are either too young, too old, or physically unable to fight.
24:3	qi23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	multiply … hundred times	0	This means “produce 100 more people for every one person there is now.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
24:4	b9zy			the king’s word was final against Joab	0	Joab and the other commanders of King David’s army were not able to convince David to not take a census.
24:4	c8cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the king’s word	0	This phrase represents the king’s command to them. Alternate translation: “what the king had commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
24:5	h1bw			They crossed	0	Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders of the army crossed”
24:5	pt7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Aroer	0	This was a city on the northern edge of the Arnon River. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
24:5	zpx8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Jazer	0	This is a town in Gad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
24:6	wc3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Tahtim Hodshi	0	This may refer to the town of Kadesh in the land of the Hittite people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
24:8	db36			they had gone	0	Alternate translation: “Joab and the commanders had gone”
24:8	i1gd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	nine months and twenty days	0	“9 months and 20 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
24:9	qq68			Then Joab reported the total of the count of the fighting men to the king	0	Alternate translation: “Then Joab told the king the total number of men ready for battle”
24:9	b91x			in Israel	0	This refers to the northern tribes of Israel.
24:9	k78w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	800,000 & 500,000	0	“eight hundred thousand … five hundred thousand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
24:9	t1ix		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who drew the sword	0	This metonym refers to the men who were ready to fight in the army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:9	e4ft			of Judah	0	This refers to the southern tribe of Judah.
24:10	cb8t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	David’s heart afflicted him	0	The “heart” here is a metonym for David’s emotions and conscience. Alternate translation: “David felt guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:10	bvb3			Now, Yahweh, take away your servant’s guilt	0	David refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a polite way to speak to someone with greater authority.
24:11	h1gv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the word of Yahweh came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying,	0	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in [2 Samuel 7:4](../07/04.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer. He said,” or “Yahweh spoke this message to the prophet Gad, David’s seer:” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
24:11	a4ac			David’s seer	0	This means Gad was the official prophet in the royal palace.
24:14	q8an			I am in deep trouble	0	Alternate translation: “I am in terrible trouble”
24:14	d6ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let us fall into Yahweh’s hands rather than into the hand of man	0	Here “hands” refer to power or control. Alternate translation: “Let Yahweh and not people punish us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:15	jgc8			a fixed time	0	This is the time God decided he would stop the plague.
24:15	s22f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	seventy thousand	0	“70,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
24:15	gt1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	from Dan to Beersheba	0	Here mentioning the city of Dan in the extreme north and the city Beersheba in the extreme south means the entire nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
24:16	tl5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the angel reached out with his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it	0	Here the metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “the angel was about to destroy the people in Jerusalem” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:16	ap2v			Yahweh changed his mind because of the harm	0	This means that Yahweh stopped the evil that he was allowing the angel to do. Alternate translation: “Yahweh felt grieved about the harm”
24:16	x95i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Now draw back your hand	0	The metonym “hand” stands for the angel’s power. Alternate translation: “Do not harm them any longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:16	y4es		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Araunah	0	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
24:16	ug3p			the threshing floor	0	A threshing floor was a hard, flat surface where edible grain was separated from chaff.
24:17	c2r6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I have sinned, and I have acted perversely	0	These phrases mean the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “I have sinned terribly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
24:17	b9vn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	But these sheep, what have they done?	0	David uses a question and compares the people to sheep to emphasize that they have done nothing wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “These ordinary people have done nothing wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:17	e2dt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Please let your hand punish me	0	Here the metonym “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “Please punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:20	q15a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bowed to the king with his face to the ground	0	He was showing deep respect and honor to the king. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
24:21	r7k9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	so that the plague may be removed from the people	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that Yahweh will remove this plague from the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:22	bwm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what is good in your sight	0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “what you think is good” or “what is good in your judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:22	p54x			threshing sledges	0	heavy boards used to separate grain from the rest of the wheat plant
24:24	m1m6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	I will not offer … anything that costs me nothing	0	This can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “I will only offer … something that I have paid for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
24:24	w2n6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	fifty shekels	0	“50 shekels.” A shekel is 11 grams. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
24:25	xl51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on behalf of the land	0	Here the metonym “land” stands for the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “on behalf of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:25	lp9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the plague on Israel was confined	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God confined the plague that had been on Israel” or “God took the plague away from Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])