Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
COL	front	intro	d9hy			0		# Introduction to Colossians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Book of Colossians<br><br>1. Greeting, thanksgiving, and prayer (1:1-12)<br>1. The person and work of Christ<br>- Deliverance and redemption (1:13-14)<br>- Christ: the Image of the invisible God, and the One who is over all creation (1:15-17)<br>- Christ is the Head of the Church, and the Church trusts in him (1:18-2:7)<br>1. Tests of faithfulness<br>- Warnings against false teachers (2:8-19)<br>- True godliness is not rigid rules and unbending traditions (2:20-23)<br>1. Teaching and living<br>- Life in Christ (3:1-4)<br>- Old and new life (3:5-17)<br>- Christian family (3:18-4:1)<br>1. Christian behavior (4:2-6)<br>1. Closing and greetings<br>- Paul thanks Tychicus and Onesimus (4:7-9)<br>- Paul sends greetings from his associates (4:10-14)<br>- Paul gives directions to Archippus and the Christians in Laodicea (4:15-17)<br>- Paul's personal greeting (4:18)<br><br>#### Who wrote the Book of Colossians?<br><br>Paul wrote the Book of Colossians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome.<br><br>#### What is the Book of Colossians about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to the believers in the Asia Minor city of Colossae. The main purpose of this letter was to defend the gospel against false teachers. He did this by praising Jesus as the image of God, sustainer of all things, and head of the church. Paul wanted them to understand that only Christ is needed for God to accept them.<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "Colossians." Or they may choose a clearer title, such as "Paul's Letter to the Church in Colossae," or "A Letter to the Christians in Colossae." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### What were the religious issues that the church in Colossae struggled with?<br><br>In the church in Colossae, there were false teachers. Their exact teaching is unknown. But they probably taught their followers to worship angels and to obey strict rules about religious ceremonies. They probably also taught that a person must be circumcised and can only eat certain types of food. Paul said these false teachings came from the minds of men and not from God.<br><br>#### How did Paul use the imagery of heaven and earth?<br><br>In this letter, Paul frequently spoke of heaven as "above." He distinguished it from the earth, which Scripture speaks of as being "below." The purpose of this imagery was to teach Christians to live in a way that honors God who lives in heaven above. Paul is not teaching that the earth or the physical world is evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### How are the ideas of "holy" and "sanctify" represented in Colossians in the ULT?<br><br>The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In Colossians, these words usually indicate a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. So Colossians in the ULT uses "believers" or "those who believe in him." (See: 1:2, 12, 26)<br><br>#### Was Jesus created or is he eternal?<br><br>Jesus was not a created being but has always existed as God. Jesus also became a human being. There is potential for confusion in Colossians 1:15 where it says Jesus "is the firstborn of all creation." This statement means that Jesus is dominant over all of creation. It does not mean that he was the first thing God created. Translators should be careful not to imply that Jesus is a created being.<br><br>#### What does Paul mean by the expression "in Christ," "in the Lord," etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. See the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>#### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of Colossians?<br><br>For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* "May grace be to you, and peace from God our Father" (1:2). Some older versions have a longer reading: "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ."<br>* "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf" (1:7). Some older versions read "for you": "Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, a faithful servant of Christ for you."<br>* "the Father, who has made you able to have a share in the inheritance of the believers in light" (1:12). Some older versions read, "the Father, who has qualified us for a share in the inheritance in light."<br>* "In his Son we have redemption" (1:14). Some older versions read, "In his Son we have redemption through his blood."<br>* "and forgave us all of our trespasses" (2:13). Some older versions read: "and forgave you all of your trespasses."<br>* "When Christ appears, who is your life" (3:4). Some older versions read, "When Christ appears, who is our life."<br>* "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience" (3:6). The ULT, UST, and many other modern versions read this way. However, some modern and older versions read, "It is for these things that the wrath of God is coming."<br>* "I sent him to you for this, that you might know the matters about us" (4:8). Some older versions read, "I sent him to you for this, that he might know the matters about you."<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br>
COL	1	intro	gtm3			0		# Colossians 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>As in a typical letter, Paul begins his letter in verses 1-2 by introducing Timothy and himself to the Christians in Colossae.<br><br>Paul writes much of this chapter around two subjects: who Christ is, and what Christ has done for the Christian.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Secret truth<br><br>Paul refers to a "secret truth" in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Images for Christian living<br>Paul uses many different images to describe Christian living. In this chapter, he uses the images of "walking" and "bearing fruit." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fruit]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. Verse 24 is a paradox: "Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you." People do not usually rejoice when they suffer. But in verses 25-29 Paul explains why his suffering is good. ([Colossians 1:24](../../col/01/24.md))<br>
COL	1	1	h5gl	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	Though this letter is from Paul and Timothy to the Colossian believers, later in the letter Paul makes it clear that he is the writer. Most likely Timothy was with him and wrote the words down as Paul spoke. Throughout this letter the words "we," "our," and "ours" include the Colossians unless noted otherwise. The words "you," "your," and "yours" refer to the Colossian believers and so are plural unless noted otherwise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
COL	1	1	fny3		ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ	1	an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God	"whom God chose to be an apostle of Christ Jesus"
COL	1	3	q1su	figs-exclusive		0	We give ... our Lord ... we always	These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	4	km8w	figs-exclusive	ἀκούσαντες	1	We have heard	Paul is excluding his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	4	z6eb		πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ	1	your faith in Christ Jesus	"your belief in Christ Jesus"
COL	1	5	n1qz	figs-metonymy	διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς	1	because of the certain hope reserved for you in heaven	Here "certain hope" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. Alternate translation: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	1	5	xn8s		τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας, τοῦ εὐαγγελίου	1	the word of truth, the gospel	Possible meanings are 1) "the message about the truth, the gospel" or 2) "the true message, the gospel."
COL	1	6	wk21	figs-metaphor		0	This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing	"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." Alternate translation: "This gospel is having good results, more and more"  or "This gospel is having increasing results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	6	z3g5	figs-hyperbole	ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ	1	in all the world	This is a generalization referring to the part of the world that they knew about. Alternate translation: "throughout the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
COL	1	6	ait7		τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ	1	the grace of God in truth	"the true grace of God"
COL	1	7	f8t1	figs-exclusive	ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1	our beloved ... our behalf	The word "our" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	7	mjv5			0	gospel as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who	"gospel. It is exactly what you learned from Epaphras, who is our beloved fellow servant and who" or "gospel. It is exactly what Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, taught you. He"
COL	1	7	q8gt		Ἐπαφρᾶ, τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς ἐστιν πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful servant of Christ on our behalf	Here "on our behalf" means that Epaphras was doing work for Christ that Paul himself would have done if he were not in prison.
COL	1	7	pz3h	translate-names	Ἐπαφρᾶ	1	Epaphras	the man who preached the gospel to the people in Colossae (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
COL	1	8	k2k9	figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	to us	The word "us" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	8	e7ez	figs-metaphor	τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην ἐν Πνεύματι	1	your love in the Spirit	Paul speaks of the Holy Spirit as if he were a place in which the believers were located. Alternate translation: "how the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	9	iyq4			0	Connecting Statement:	Because the Spirit has enabled them to love others, Paul prays for them and tells them here how he prays for them.
COL	1	9	s83e			0	Because of this love	"Because the Holy Spirit has enabled you to love other believers"
COL	1	9	f2xd	figs-exclusive		0	we heard ... we have not stopped ... We have been asking	The word "we" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	9	u7zh			0	from the day we heard this	"from the day Epaphras told us these things"
COL	1	9	w2a7	figs-metaphor	ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ	1	that you will be filled with the knowledge of his will	Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as though they were containers. Alternate translation: "that God will fill you with what you need to know so that you can do his will" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	9	mzz8		ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματικῇ	1	in all wisdom and spiritual understanding	", so that the Holy Spirit will make you wise and able to understand what God wants you to do"
COL	1	10	cz4a	figs-exclusive		0	We have been praying	The word "we" does not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	10	m4hf	figs-metaphor		0	that you will walk worthily of the Lord	Walking here signifies behavior in life. Alternate translation: "that you will live the way God expects you to" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	10	vv4g			0	in pleasing ways	"in ways that will please the Lord"
COL	1	10	vfp3	figs-metaphor	καρποφοροῦντες	1	will bear fruit	Paul is speaking of the Colossian believers as if they were trees or plants. As a plant grows and bears fruit, so also believers are to keep getting to know God better and doing good deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	11	gxv6	figs-exclusive		0	We pray	The word "we" refers to Paul and Timothy but not to the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	11	mzf2	figs-metaphor	εἰς πᾶσαν ὑπομονὴν καὶ μακροθυμίαν	1	into all perseverance and patience	Paul speaks of the Colossian believers as if God would move them into a location of perseverance and patience. In reality, he is praying that they will never stop trusting in God and that they will be completely patient as they honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	12	t5lw		ἱκανώσαντι ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν μερίδα	1	has made you able to have a share	"has allowed you to share"
COL	1	12	lt2q		ἱκανώσαντι ὑμᾶς	1	has made you able	Here Paul is focusing on his readers as receivers of God's blessings. But he does not mean that he himself has no share in those blessings.
COL	1	12	r2zw	figs-metaphor	κλήρου	1	inheritance	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	12	hkf5	figs-metaphor	ἐν τῷ φωτί	1	in light	This idea is opposite to the idea of the dominion of darkness in the next verse. Alternate translation: "in the glory of his presence" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	13	g9d3			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul talks about the ways in which Christ is excellent.
COL	1	13	mv87		ὃς ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς	1	He has rescued us	"God has rescued us"
COL	1	13	dw5k	figs-metaphor	τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους	1	the dominion of darkness	"Darkness" here is a metaphor for evil. Alternate translation: "the evil forces that controlled us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	13	zav6	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples	τοῦ ... Υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ	1	his beloved Son	"Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
COL	1	14	wh6q	figs-metaphor	ἐν ᾧ	1	in whom	Paul often speaks as if the believers were "in" Jesus Christ or "in" God. This can be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. Alternate translation: "by means of whom" or "By means of his Son" or "Because of his Son" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	14	v5d8		ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν	1	we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins	The nouns "redemption" and "forgiveness" can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: "we are redeemed; our sins are forgiven" or "God redeems us; he forgives our sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnoun])
COL	1	15	j5u9	figs-metaphor	ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου	1	He is the image of the invisible God	"His Son is the image of the invisible God." Here "image" does not mean a representation of something that is visible. Instead, "image" here means that by knowing the Son, we learn what God the Father is like. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	15	h945	figs-metaphor	εἰκὼν τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου, πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως	1	the firstborn of all creation	The expression "firstborn" does not refer to when Jesus was born. Instead, it refers to his position as the eternal Son of God the Father. In this sense, "firstborn" is a metaphor meaning "most important." Jesus is the most important and the unique Son of God. Alternate Translation: "God's Son, the most important one over all creation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	15	af6b	figs-abstractnouns	πάσης κτίσεως	1	all creation	The noun "creation" can be translated with a verb. Alternate Translation: "all that God created" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnoun]])
COL	1	16	kru3	figs-activepassive	ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα	1	For by him all things were created	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For by him God created all things" or "God caused the Son to create all things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	1	16	zl7j	figs-activepassive	τὰ πάντα ... δι’ αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται	1	all things were created by him and for him	This can be stated in active form. God caused the Son to create all things for the Son's glory. Alternate translation: "For by him and for him God created all things" or "God caused him to create all things for himself" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	1	17	wk9y		αὐτός ἐστιν πρὸ πάντων	1	He himself is before all things	"It is he who existed before all things"
COL	1	17	m4lp	figs-activepassive	τὰ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκεν	1	in him all things hold together	Paul is speaking here of the Son controlling all things as if he were physically holding them together. "he holds everything together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	18	qsf3		αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ	1	He is the head	"Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is the head"
COL	1	18	q8i3	figs-metaphor	αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ σώματος, τῆς ἐκκλησίας	1	He is the head of the body, the church	Paul speaks of Jesus' position over the church as if he were the head on the human body. As the head rules the body, so does Jesus rule the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	18	j6uq		ἡ ... ἀρχή	1	the beginning	"the originating authority." He is the first chief or founder.
COL	1	18	s12x		πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν	1	firstborn from among the dead	Jesus is the first person to die and come back to life, never to die again.
COL	1	20	zh4u	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
COL	1	20	as3p		διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ	1	through the blood of his cross	"by means of the blood Jesus shed on the cross"
COL	1	20	x5av	figs-metonymy	τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ	1	the blood of his cross	Here "blood" stands for the death of Christ on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	1	21	kv5u			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul makes it clear that God has now revealed that Christ exchanges the sin of Gentile believers for his holiness.
COL	1	21	imq1		καὶ ὑμᾶς ποτε	1	At one time, you also	"There was a time when you Colossian believers also"
COL	1	21	wp3t			0	were strangers to God	"were like people whom God did not know" or "had pushed God away"
COL	1	22	ejt4	figs-metaphor	παραστῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἁγίους ... ἀμώμους, καὶ ἀνεγκλήτους, κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ	1	to present you holy, blameless, and above reproach before him	Paul is describing the Colossians as though Jesus had physically cleaned them, put them in clean clothes, and brought them to stand before God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	22	u94j	figs-parallelism	ἀμώμους, καὶ ἀνεγκλήτους	1	blameless, and above reproach	Paul uses two words that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the idea of perfection. Alternate translation: "perfect" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
COL	1	22	lf5a	figs-metaphor	κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ	1	before him	This expression of location stands for "in God's view" or "in God's mind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	23	d9kg	figs-activepassive	τοῦ ... κηρυχθέντος	1	that was proclaimed	that believers proclaimed (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	1	23	q21b		ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν	1	to every person created under heaven	"to every person in the world"
COL	1	23	g8iq	figs-metonymy		0	the gospel of which I, Paul, became a servant	Paul was actually a servant of God. Alternate translation: "the gospel that I, Paul, serve God by proclaiming" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	1	24	rcw3		ἀνταναπληρῶ τὰ ὑστερήματα τῶν θλίψεων τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου	1	I fill up in my flesh what is lacking of the afflictions of Christ	Paul speaks about the suffering that he continues to experience. He may be acknowledging here that there is much suffering that he and all other Christians must endure before Christ comes again, and that Christ in a spiritual sense joins with them in experiencing these hardships. Paul certainly does not mean that Christ's sufferings alone were not enough to provide salvation for the believers.
COL	1	24	fm9y	figs-metaphor	ἀνταναπληρῶ ... ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου	1	I fill up in my flesh	Paul speaks of his body as if it were a container that could hold suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	24	mge9	figs-metaphor	ὑπὲρ ... τοῦ ... σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία	1	for the sake of his body, which is the church	Paul often speaks of the church, the group of all Christian believers, as if it were Christ's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	25	t6ud	figs-metaphor	πληρῶσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	to fulfill the word of God	This means to bring about the purpose of God's gospel message, which is that it be preached and believed. "Word of God" here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: "to be obedient to what God has instructed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	1	26	f3mt	figs-activepassive		0	This is the secret truth that was hidden	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "This is the secret truth that God had hidden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	1	26	z8gv		ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γενεῶν	1	for ages and for generations	The words "ages" and "generations" refer to the time period from the creation of the world until the time when the gospel was preached.
COL	1	26	a9kw	figs-activepassive	νῦν ... ἐφανερώθη	1	now it has been revealed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "now God has revealed it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	1	27	c8yb	figs-metaphor	τί τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τούτου	1	the riches of the glory of this secret truth	Paul speaks of the value of this secret truth about God as if it were a treasure of material wealth. "riches" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	27	c7ln	figs-metaphor	Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν	1	Christ in you	Paul speaks of the believers as if they were actual containers in which Christ is present. This is one of his ways of expressing the union of the believers with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	1	27	mr83		ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς δόξης	1	the hope of glory	"so you can confidently expect to share in God's glory"
COL	1	28	va1x	figs-exclusive		0	we proclaim ... We admonish ... we teach ... we may present	These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	1	28	na8w		νουθετοῦντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον	1	We admonish every person	"We warn everyone"
COL	1	28	lyz1	figs-explicit	ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον	1	so that we may present every person	You may need to make explicit to whom they will present every person. Alternate translation: "so that we may present to God every person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
COL	1	28	uk2i	figs-metaphor	τέλειον	1	complete	Being complete is a metaphor for being spiritually mature. Alternate translation: "spiritually mature" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	intro	p3uc			0		# Colossians 02 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Circumcision and baptism<br>In verses 11-12, Paul uses both the old covenant sign of circumcision and the new covenant sign of baptism to show how Christians are united with Christ and freed from sin.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Flesh<br><br>This is a complex issue. "Flesh" is possibly a metaphor for our sinful nature. Paul is not teaching that the physical part of man is sinful. Paul appears to be teaching that, while Christians are alive ("in the flesh"), we will continue to sin. But our new nature will be fighting against our old nature. Paul also uses "flesh" in this chapter to refer to the physical body.<br><br>##### Implicit information<br>Paul mentions several issues in this chapter that imply information about the context of the church in Colossae. It is best to allow the text to remain uncertain over the actual details. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
COL	2	1	tt6v			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to encourage the believers in Colossae and Laodicea to understand that Christ is God and that he lives in believers, so they should live in the same way they received him.
COL	2	1	dqg5		ἡλίκον ἀγῶνα ἔχω ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν	1	how great a struggle I have had for you	Paul has exerted much effort in developing their purity and understanding of the gospel.
COL	2	1	fn4z		τῶν ἐν Λαοδικίᾳ	1	those at Laodicea	This was a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church for which Paul was praying.
COL	2	1	rj7d	figs-synecdoche	ὅσοι οὐχ ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί	1	as many as have not seen my face in the flesh	Here "face in the flesh" represents the person as a whole. Alternate translation: "all those who have never seen me personally" or "all those whom I have never met face to face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
COL	2	2	ge1w	figs-pronouns		0	so that their hearts	Paul includes the Galatians even though he uses a different pronoun. Alternate translation: "so that their hearts and yours" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
COL	2	2	a4px		συμβιβασθέντες	1	brought together	This means brought together in a close relationship.
COL	2	2	kdg8	figs-metaphor	πᾶν πλοῦτος τῆς πληροφορίας τῆς συνέσεως	1	all the riches of full assurance of understanding	Paul speaks of a person who is completely sure that the good news is true as though that person were rich in physical things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	2	qgi2		τοῦ μυστηρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the secret truth of God	This is knowledge that can be revealed only by God.
COL	2	2	v13e		Χριστοῦ	1	that is, Christ	Jesus Christ is the secret truth revealed by God.
COL	2	3	w74d	figs-activepassive	ἐν ᾧ εἰσιν πάντες οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως ἀπόκρυφοι	1	In him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hidden	Only Christ can reveal God's true wisdom and knowledge. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God has hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	2	3	w4mr	figs-metaphor	οἱ θησαυροὶ τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως	1	the treasures of wisdom and knowledge	Paul speaks of God's wisdom and knowledge as if they were material wealth. Alternate translation: "the very precious wisdom and knowledge" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	3	vd98	figs-doublet	τῆς σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως	1	wisdom and knowledge	These words mean basically the same thing here. Paul uses them together to emphasize that all spiritual understanding comes from Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
COL	2	4	j8di		ὑμᾶς παραλογίζηται	1	trick	This means to cause someone to believe something that is not true, so he acts on that belief, and suffers harm as a result.
COL	2	4	y4r3		ἐν πιθανολογίᾳ	1	persuasive speech	speech that will make a person think differently
COL	2	5	g1rp	figs-metonymy	τῇ σαρκὶ ἄπειμι	1	not with you in the flesh	The person's flesh, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. Alternate translation: "not physically present with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	2	5	bz56	figs-idiom	τῷ πνεύματι σὺν ὑμῖν εἰμι	1	I am with you in spirit	Being with someone in spirit is a metaphor for thinking continually about that person. Alternate translation: "I continually think about you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL	2	5	ev9p		τὴν τάξιν	1	good order	doing things properly
COL	2	5	hth1			0	the strength of your faith	"how nothing and no one can cause you to stop believing"
COL	2	6	m3f1	figs-metaphor	ἐν αὐτῷ περιπατεῖτε	1	walk in him	Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. The words "in him" refer to being in close relationship with Christ and so doing what pleases him. Alternate translation: "live your lives the way he wants you to" or "live so that people can see that you belong to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	7	e2x6	figs-idiom		0	Be rooted ... be built ... be established ... abound	These words explain what it means to "walk in him." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL	2	7	fw47	figs-metaphor	ἐρριζωμένοι ... ἐν αὐτῷ	1	Be rooted in him	Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a tree growing in solid ground with deep roots. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	7	tb5m	figs-metaphor		0	be built on him	Paul speaks of a person with true faith in Christ as if that person were a building that has a strong foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	7	yh83		βεβαιούμενοι τῇ πίστει	1	be established in faith	"trust in Jesus for everything"
COL	2	7	l1is		καθὼς ἐδιδάχθητε	1	just as you were taught	This is best stated without naming or otherwise calling attention to the teacher, who was Epaphras ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)). Alternate translation: "just as you learned" or "just as they taught you" or "just as he taught you"
COL	2	7	j47d	figs-metaphor	περισσεύοντες ἐν εὐχαριστίᾳ	1	abound in thanksgiving	Paul speaks of thanksgiving as if it were objects that a person could obtain more of. Alternate translation: "be very thankful to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	8	cbw5			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul urges the believers to be careful not to turn to the words and rules of others because nothing can add to the fullness of God that believers have in Christ.
COL	2	8	lm1v			0	See that	"Make sure that"
COL	2	8	ga9l	figs-metaphor		0	captures you	Paul speaks of the way a person can believe false teachings (because they believe false things or love the wrong things) as if someone had physically caught and held that person by force. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	8	p3vx		τῆς φιλοσοφίας	1	philosophy	religious doctrines and beliefs that are not from God's word but are based on man's thoughts about God and life
COL	2	8	t8xx	figs-metaphor	κενῆς ἀπάτης	1	empty deceit	Paul speaks of false ideas that produce nothing and so are without value as though they are containers with nothing in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	8	l9jt			0	the tradition of men ... the elements of the world	Both Jewish traditions and pagan (Gentile) belief systems are worthless. "The elements of the world" perhaps refers to evil spirits that claimed to rule the world and that were adored by people. But some interpreters view "the elements of the world" as people's basic teachings about the world.
COL	2	9	ahq5		ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς Θεότητος σωματικῶς	1	in him all the fullness of God lives in bodily form	"God's total nature lives in physical form in Christ"
COL	2	10	lbk7	figs-metaphor	ἐστὲ ἐν αὐτῷ πεπληρωμένοι	1	You have been filled in him	Paul speaks of people as though they were containers into which God has placed Christ. Alternate translation: "You are made complete in Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	10	je36	figs-metaphor		0	who is the head over every power and authority	Christ is the ruler over every other ruler (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	11	xeq7	figs-metaphor	ἐν ᾧ καὶ περιετμήθητε	1	In him you were also circumcised	Paul is speaking of those who belong to Christ as if they were inside Christ's body. This can also be made active. Alternate translation: "When you joined the church in baptism, God circumcised you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	2	11	ii43	figs-metaphor	περιτομῇ ἀχειροποιήτῳ	1	a circumcision not done by humans	With this metaphor, Paul says that God has made Christian believers acceptable to himself in a way that reminded him of circumcision, the ceremony through which Hebrew male babies were added to the community of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	12	ln8e	figs-metaphor	συνταφέντες αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ βαπτισμῷ	1	You were buried with him in baptism	Paul speaks of being baptized and joining the assembly of believers as if it were being buried with Christ. This can be made active. Alternate translation: "God buried you with Christ when you joined the church in baptism" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	2	12	g1rq	figs-metaphor	ἐν ... ᾧ ... συνηγέρθητε	1	in him you were raised up	With this metaphor, Paul speaks of the new spiritual life of believers that God made possible by making Christ come alive again. This can be made active. Alternate translation: "because you have joined yourself to Christ, God raised you up" or "in him God caused you to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	2	12	rec6	figs-activepassive	συνηγέρθητε	1	you were raised up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God raised you up" or "God caused you to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL	2	13	v6vi	figs-metaphor		0	When you were dead	Paul speaks of unresponsiveness to God as if it were death. Alternate translation: "When you Colossian believers were unable to respond to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	13	f9ms	figs-metaphor		0	you were dead ... he made you alive	With this metaphor Paul speaks of coming into new spiritual life as if it were coming back to life physically. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	13	wh4z		νεκροὺς ... ἐν τοῖς παραπτώμασιν καὶ τῇ ἀκροβυστίᾳ τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν	1	dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh	You were dead on two accounts: 1) you were spiritually dead, living a life of sin against Christ and 2) you were not circumcised according to the law of Moses.
COL	2	13	k2hw		χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν πάντα τὰ παραπτώματα	1	forgave us all of our trespasses	"he forgave us, both us Jews and you Gentiles, of all our trespasses"
COL	2	14	w22z	figs-metaphor	ἐξαλείψας τὸ καθ’ ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον τοῖς δόγμασιν, ὃ ἦν ὑπεναντίον ἡμῖν	1	He canceled the written record of debts that stood against us	Paul speaks of the way God forgives our sins as if it were the way a person, to whom many people owe money or goods, destroys the record of that debt so they do not have to pay him back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	15	gh24	figs-metaphor		0	made a public spectacle of them	In Roman times, it was common practice for the Roman armies to have a victory parade when they returned home, displaying all the prisoners they had captured and goods they had obtained. God was victorious over the evil powers and authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	15	cg37	figs-metonymy		0	by the cross	Here "the cross" stands for Christ's death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	2	16	cii9		ἐν βρώσει, καὶ ἐν πόσει	1	in eating or in drinking	The law of Moses included what one can eat and drink. "for what you eat or what you drink"
COL	2	16	b4kd			0	about a feast day or a new moon, or about Sabbath days	The law of Moses specified the days to celebrate, to worship, and to offer sacrifice. "for the way you celebrate feast days or new moons or the Sabbath"
COL	2	17	ip3a	figs-metaphor		0	These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance is Christ	A shadow shows the shape of an object, but it is not the object itself. In a similar way, the festivals, celebrations, and Sabbath show us something about how God would save people, but those things do not save people. The savior is Christ. Alternate translation: "These are like a shadow of what would happen, but the reality is Christ" or "These are like a shadow of the savior who would come, but the savior is Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	18	zv2t	figs-metaphor		0	Let no one ... judge you out of your prize	Here Paul refers to false teachers as if they were corrupt judges at an athletic contest who would unjustly disqualify the believers from winning the prizes they deserve, and he speaks of Christ saving a person as if Christ were giving a prize to the winner of such a contest. Alternate translation: "Let no one ... disqualify you from winning a prize" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	18	b5ce	figs-metonymy	θέλων ... ταπεινοφροσύνῃ	1	who wants humility	The word "humility" is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. Alternate translation: "who wants you to do things to show that you are humble" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	2	18	kn5d	figs-metaphor	ἑόρακεν ἐμβατεύων	1	enters into the things he has seen	Here Paul speaks about people who claim to have dreams and visions from God and who talk proudly about them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	18	p7q4	figs-activepassive	φυσιούμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ νοὸς τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ	1	becomes puffed up by his fleshly thinking	Here Paul says that sinful ways of thinking make a person arrogant. Alternate translation: "puffs himself up by means of his fleshly thinking" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	2	18	wp42	figs-metaphor	φυσιούμενος	1	puffed up	Here a person who boasts is spoken of as if he were an object into which someone had blown air to make it larger than it should be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	18	if94	figs-metaphor	τοῦ νοὸς τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ	1	his fleshly thinking	Here the idea of flesh stands for the sinful human nature. "the sinful thoughts he naturally thinks" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	19	m2dz	figs-metaphor		0	He does not hold on to the head	A person not trusting in Christ is spoken of has if they do not hold firmly to the head. Christ is spoken of as if he were the head of a body. Alternate translation: "He does not firmly grasp Christ, who is like the head of a body" or "He does not cling to Christ, who is like the head of a body" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	19	r4ca	figs-metaphor		0	It is from the head that the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments is supplied and held together	Paul speaks of the church, which is ruled and empowered by Christ, as if it were a human body. Alternate translation: "It is from the head that God supplies the whole body throughout its joints and ligaments and holds it together" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	20	yg7h	figs-metaphor	εἰ ἀπεθάνετε σὺν Χριστῷ ἀπὸ τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου	1	If you died together with Christ to the elements of the world	With this metaphor, Paul speaks of a believer as a person who is spiritually united with Christ: as Christ died, so the believer has spiritually died; as Christ has come back to life, so the believer has come back to spiritual life, that is, to responsiveness to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	2	20	uu77		ὡς ζῶντες ἐν κόσμῳ δογματίζεσθε	1	live as obligated to the world	"think you must obey the desires of the world"
COL	2	20	fe1k	figs-metonymy	τοῦ κόσμου	1	the world	the thoughts, desires, and assumptions of the sinful majority of the world's people (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	2	21	v9e7			0	Connecting Statement:	The rhetorical question that begins with the words "why do you live as obligated to the world" in verse 20 ends here.
COL	2	21	n3ne	figs-rquestion		0	"Do ... touch"?	The rhetorical question that begins with the words "why do you live as obligated to the world" in verse 20 ends here. Paul uses this question to rebuke the Colossians for following the false beliefs of the world. "you should not live as obligated to the world: 'Do ... touch'!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
COL	2	21	b392		μὴ ἅψῃ! μηδὲ γεύσῃ! μηδὲ θίγῃς	1	"Do not handle, nor taste, nor touch"	Paul is quoting what other people have been telling the Colossians. "why do you believe them when they say, 'Do not handle, nor taste, nor touch'?" or "you should not obey them when they say, 'Do not handle, nor taste, nor touch'"
COL	2	23	y2dc			0	These rules have the wisdom of self-made religion and humility and severity of the body	"These rules seem wise to unbelieving people because they allow those who follow them to appear humble because they hurt their own bodies"
COL	2	23	e7p5		οὐκ ἐν τιμῇ τινι πρὸς πλησμονὴν τῆς σαρκός	1	have no value against the indulgence of the flesh	"do not help you stop following your human desires"
COL	3	intro	qtl2			0		# Colossians 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Old and new self<br>The old and new self mean the same as the old and new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature with which a person is born. The "new man" is the new nature or new life that God gives a person after they come to believe in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Character<br>Many of the things Paul encourages his readers to pursue or avoid are not actions but character qualities. Because of this, they may be difficult to translate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])<br><br>##### "The things above"<br><br>Where God dwells is often pictured as being located "above." Paul says to "seek the things above" and to "think about the things above." He is implying Christians should seek and think about heavenly and godly things.<br>
COL	3	1	ya97			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul warns the believers that because they are one with Christ, they ought not do certain things.
COL	3	1	r5yh	figs-idiom	εἰ οὖν	1	If then	This is an idiom that means "because." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL	3	1	t1jv	figs-pastforfuture	τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	God has raised you with Christ	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Possible meanings are 1) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, God has already given the believers in Colossae new spiritual life. Alternate translation: "God has given you new life because you belong to Christ" or 2) because God has caused Christ to come alive again, the believers in Colossae can know that after they die they will live with Christ, and Paul can speak of the believers living again as if it has already happened. Alternate translation: "you can be sure that God will give you life as he has caused Christ to come alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
COL	3	1	p3fw		ἄνω	1	things above	"things in heaven"
COL	3	3	l9yk	figs-metaphor	ἀπεθάνετε γάρ	1	For you have died	As Christ actually died, so God counts the Colossian believers as having died with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	3	gkz6	figs-activepassive	ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν κέκρυπται σὺν τῷ Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ Θεῷ	1	your life is hidden with Christ in God	Paul speaks of people's lives as if they were objects that can be hidden in containers and speaks of God as if he were a container. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) "it is as though God has taken your life and concealed it with Christ in God's presence" or 2) "only God knows what your true life really is, and he will reveal it when he reveals Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	4	n4nj	figs-metonymy		0	who is your life	Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	5	p9w9		ἀκαθαρσίαν	1	uncleanness	impure behavior
COL	3	5	e65k		πάθος	1	passion	strong, lustful desire
COL	3	5	h5v4		τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ἥτις ἐστὶν εἰδωλολατρία	1	greed, which is idolatry	"greed, which is the same thing as idolatry" or "do not be greedy because that is the same as worshiping idols"
COL	3	6	s9lm		ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	wrath of God	God's anger against those who do evil as shown by what he does to punish them.
COL	3	6	bxk8	figs-idiom		0	the sons of disobedience	This is an idiom that means they were characterized by disobedience. The abstract noun "disobedience" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "disobedient people" or "people who disobey him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL	3	7	p4q8	figs-metaphor		0	It is in these things that you also once walked	Paul speaks of the way a person behaves as if it were a road or path a person walks on. Alternate translation: "These are the things you used to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	7	s824	figs-metaphor	ὅτε ἐζῆτε ἐν τούτοις	1	when you lived in them	Possible meanings are 1) "when you practiced these things" or 2) "when you lived among the people who disobey God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	8	d3wr			0	evil intentions	"desire to do wicked deeds"
COL	3	8	lgz1		βλασφημίαν	1	insults	speech used to hurt others
COL	3	8	f59z		αἰσχρολογίαν	1	obscene speech	words that do not belong in polite conversation
COL	3	8	n23c	figs-metonymy	ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν	1	from your mouth	Here "mouth" is a metonym for talk. "in your talk" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	9	c6tk			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to tell the believers how to live and reminds them that Christians should treat everyone according to the same standard.
COL	3	9	vsd8	figs-metaphor	ἀπεκδυσάμενοι τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον σὺν ταῖς πράξεσιν αὐτοῦ	1	you have taken off the old man with its practices	Here Paul is speaking of a Christian's rejecting his old sinful life as if it were an old garment that he takes off in order to put on a new garment. It was very common for Israelites such as Paul to speak of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	10	brx6	figs-metaphor		0	and you have put on the new man	Here Paul is speaking of a Christian's rejecting his old sinful life as if it were an old garment that he takes off (verse 9) in order to put on a new garment. It was very common for Israelites such as Paul to speak of moral qualities as if they were pieces of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	10	d15v	figs-metonymy	εἰκόνα	1	the image	This refers to Jesus Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	11	t2w2	figs-metonymy	οὐκ ἔνι Ἕλλην καὶ Ἰουδαῖος, περιτομὴ καὶ ἀκροβυστία, βάρβαρος, Σκύθης, δοῦλος, ἐλεύθερος	1	there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman	These terms are examples of the categories of people that Paul says do not matter for God. God sees every person alike, not by race, religion, nationality, or social status. Alternate translation: "race, religion, culture, and social status do not matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	11	vt4t		βάρβαρος	1	barbarian	a foreigner who does not know local customs
COL	3	11	n7by		Σκύθης	1	Scythian	This is someone from the land of Scythia, which was outside the Roman Empire. Greeks and Romans used this word for someone who grew up in a place where everyone did wicked things all the time.
COL	3	11	i964	figs-explicit		0	Christ is all, and is in all	Nothing is excluded or left out of the rule of Christ. Alternate translation: "Christ is all important and lives in all his people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
COL	3	12	b5ti	figs-activepassive	ὡς ἐκλεκτοὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἅγιοι καὶ ἠγαπημένοι	1	as God's chosen ones, holy and beloved	This can be made active. Alternate translation: "as those whom God has chosen for himself, whom he desires to see live for him alone, and whom he loves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
COL	3	12	d217	figs-metaphor		0	put on a heart of mercy, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience	The "heart" is a metaphor for feelings and attitudes. Here it is spoken of as if it has certain feelings and attitudes, and as if it were clothing to wear. Alternate translation: "have a merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient heart" or "be merciful, kind, humble, gentle, and patient" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	13	r8iy		ἀνεχόμενοι ἀλλήλων	1	Bear with one another	"Be patient with one another" or "Accept each other even when you disappoint each other"
COL	3	13	rts1		χαριζόμενοι ἑαυτοῖς	1	Be gracious to each other	"Treat each other better than they deserve for you to treat them"
COL	3	13	p474	figs-abstractnouns	πρός ... ἔχῃ μομφήν	1	has a complaint against	The abstract noun "complaint" can be stated as "complain." Alternate translation: "has a reason to complain against" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL	3	14	x5g8	figs-metaphor		0	have love, which is the bond of perfection	Here "bond of perfection" is a metaphor for something that causes perfect unity among people. Alternate translation: "love one another because it will unite you perfectly together. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	15	hdg5	figs-metonymy		0	Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts	Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) "Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other" or 2) "Allow God to give you peace in your heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	15	i9hg	figs-metonymy	ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	in your hearts	Here "hearts" is a metonym for a people's minds or inner being. Alternate translation: "in your minds" or "inside of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	16	w9dv	figs-metaphor		0	Let the word of Christ live in you	Paul speaks of Christ's word as if it were a person capable of living inside other people. "Word of Christ" here is a metonym for the teachings of Christ. Alternate translation: "Be obedient to the instructions of Christ" or "Always trust Christ's promises" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	16	h5k9		νουθετοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς	1	admonish one another	"caution and encourage one another"
COL	3	16	ubi5			0	with psalms and hymns and spiritual songs	"with all sorts of songs to praise God"
COL	3	16	cnj1	figs-metonymy	ἐν ... τῇ χάριτι, ᾄδοντες ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	Sing with thankfulness in your hearts	Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds or inner being. Alternate translation: "Sing with thankfulness in your minds" or "Sing and be thankful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	17	g8p8		ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔργῳ	1	in word or in deed	"in speaking or in acting"
COL	3	17	uix9	figs-metonymy	ἐν ... ὀνόματι Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ	1	in the name of the Lord Jesus	Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. Alternate translation: "to honor the Lord Jesus" or "so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him" or "as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	17	bv84	figs-metaphor	δι’ αὐτοῦ	1	through him	Possible meanings are 1) because he has done great deeds or 2) because he has made it possible for people to speak to God and so give him thanks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	18	flu9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul then gives some special instructions to wives, husbands, children, fathers, slaves, and masters.
COL	3	18	tt9u		αἱ γυναῖκες, ὑποτάσσεσθε τοῖς ἀνδράσιν	1	Wives, submit to	"Wives, obey"
COL	3	18	b2y3		ἀνῆκεν	1	it is appropriate	"it is proper" or "it is right"
COL	3	19	lc4a		μὴ πικραίνεσθε πρὸς	1	do not be bitter against	"do not be harsh with" or "do not be angry toward"
COL	3	21	bvi3		μὴ ἐρεθίζετε τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν	1	do not provoke your children	"do not needlessly make your children angry"
COL	3	22	cx6a		ὑπακούετε ... τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα κυρίοις	1	obey your masters according to the flesh	"obey your human masters"
COL	3	22	iy1n		πάντα ... μὴ ἐν ὀφθαλμοδουλεία, ὡς ἀνθρωπάρεσκοι	1	things, not with eyeservice as people pleasers	"things. Do not obey only when your master is watching, as though you need only to please people"
COL	3	22	r22m	figs-metonymy		0	with a sincere heart	"Heart" here is a metonym for a person's thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: "with all honest intentions" or "with sincerity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	3	23	arw4		ὡς τῷ Κυρίῳ	1	as to the Lord	"as you would work for the Lord"
COL	3	24	f3ed		Κυρίου ... τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν τῆς κληρονομίας	1	the reward of the inheritance	"the inheritance as your reward"
COL	3	24	p3pw	figs-metaphor	κληρονομίας	1	inheritance	Receiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	3	25	u5lx			0	anyone who does unrighteousness will receive the penalty	The phrase "receive the penalty" means to be punished. Alternate translation: "anyone who does unrighteousness will be punished" or "God will punish anyone who does what is unrighteous"
COL	3	25	ak8j		ἀδικῶν	1	who does unrighteousness	who actively does wrong of any kind
COL	3	25	c9fx	figs-abstractnouns	οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολημψία	1	there is no favoritism	The abstract noun "favoritism" can be expressed with the verb "favor." To favor some people is to judge them by different standards so the result is better for them than for others who do the same actions. Alternate translation: "God does not favor anyone" or "God judges everyone by the same standard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
COL	4	intro	nm3y			0		# Colossians 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>[Colossians 4:1](../../col/04/01.md) appears to belong with the topics of Chapter 3 instead of Chapter 4.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "In my own hand"<br>It was common in the ancient Near East for the author to speak and someone else to write down the words. Many of the New Testament letters were written this way. Paul wrote the final greeting himself.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Secret truth<br><br>Paul refers to a "secret truth" in this chapter. The role of the church in the plans of God was once unknown. But God has now revealed it. Part of this involves the Gentiles having equal standing with the Jews in the plans of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br>
COL	4	1	qhd2			0	Connecting Statement:	After speaking to masters, Paul ends his special instructions to the different kinds of believers in the church at Colossae.
COL	4	1	ae3y	figs-doublet	τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὴν ἰσότητα	1	right and fair	These words mean almost the same thing and are used to emphasize the things that are morally correct. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
COL	4	1	t9wy		καὶ ... ὑμεῖς ἔχετε Κύριον ἐν οὐρανῷ	1	you also have a master in heaven	God wants the relationship between an earthly master and his slave to be loving the way God, the heavenly master, loves his earthly servants, including the earthly slaves' masters.
COL	4	2	sct4	figs-exclusive		0	General Information:	Here the word "us" refers to Paul and Timothy but not the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	4	2	wx86			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues to give instructions to believers on how to live and speak.
COL	4	2	pp1c		τῇ προσευχῇ προσκαρτερεῖτε	1	Continue steadfastly in prayer	"Keep praying faithfully" or "Keep praying consistently"
COL	4	3	ub1i	figs-metaphor	ὁ Θεὸς ἀνοίξῃ ... θύραν	1	God would open a door	Opening a door for someone is a metaphor for giving that person the opportunity to do something. Alternate translation: "God would provide opportunities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	4	3	lj4f		ἀνοίξῃ ... θύραν τοῦ λόγου	1	open a door for the word	"make an opportunity for us tp preach his message"
COL	4	3	ce37		τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	the secret truth of Christ	This refers to the gospel of Jesus Christ, which was not understood before Christ came.
COL	4	3	q4jx	figs-metonymy	δι’ ὃ ... δέδεμαι	1	Because of this, I am chained up	Here "chained" is a metonym for being in prison. Alternate translation: "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	4	4	hm5w			0	Pray that I may make it clear	"Pray that I might be able to speak the message of Jesus Christ clearly"
COL	4	5	z3ax	figs-metaphor	ἐν σοφίᾳ περιπατεῖτε πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω	1	Walk in wisdom toward those outside	The idea of walking is often used for the idea of conducting one's life. Alternate translation: "Live in such a way that those who are not believers will see that you are wise" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	4	5	b525	figs-metaphor	τὸν καιρὸν ἐξαγοραζόμενοι	1	redeem the time	To "redeem" something means to restore it to it's rightful owner. Here time is spoken of as something that can be restored and used to serve God. Alternate translation: "do the best things you can with your time" or "put the time to its best use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	4	6	fuv5	figs-metaphor		0	Let your words always be with grace. Let them be seasoned with salt	Food with salt is a metaphor for words that teach others and that others enjoy hearing. Alternate translation: "Let your conversation always be gracious and attractive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	4	6	c1w4			0	so that you may know how you should answer	"so that you may know how to answer questions from anyone about Jesus Christ" or "so that you may be able to treat every person well"
COL	4	7	vtb1			0	General Information:	Onesimus was a slave of Philemon in Colossae. He had stolen money from Philemon and run away to Rome where he became a Christian through the ministry of Paul. Now Tychicus and Onesimus are the ones bringing Paul's letter to Colossae.
COL	4	7	ut91			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes with special instructions about certain people as well as greetings to and from individual believers.
COL	4	7	xzz4		τὰ κατ’ ἐμὲ	1	the things concerning me	"everything that has been happening to me"
COL	4	7	p7c1		σύνδουλος	1	fellow slave	"fellow servant." Though Paul is a free man, he sees himself as a servant of Christ and sees Tychicus as a fellow servant.
COL	4	8	vyq5	figs-exclusive	τὰ περὶ ἡμῶν	1	about us	These words do not include the Colossians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
COL	4	8	fr1z	figs-metaphor	παρακαλέσῃ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν	1	may encourage your hearts	The heart was thought to be the center of many emotions. Alternate translation: "may encourage you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
COL	4	9	yqh9		τῷ πιστῷ καὶ ἀγαπητῷ ἀδελφῷ	1	the faithful and beloved brother	Paul calls Onesimus a fellow Christian and servant of Christ.
COL	4	9	n15d		ὑμῖν γνωρίσουσιν	1	They will tell	"Tychicus and Onesimus will tell"
COL	4	9	vb7j		πάντα ... τὰ ὧδε	1	everything that has happened here	They will tell the Colossian believers all that is taking place where Paul is currently living. Tradition says Paul was in Rome under house arrest or in prison at this time.
COL	4	10	wmf4		Ἀρίσταρχος	1	Aristarchus	He was in prison with Paul in Ephesus when Paul wrote this letter to the Colossians.
COL	4	10	cg3a		ἐὰν ἔλθῃ	1	if he comes	"if Mark comes"
COL	4	11	bm6s		Ἰησοῦς, ὁ λεγόμενος Ἰοῦστος	1	Jesus who is called Justus	This is a man who also worked with Paul.
COL	4	11	ci74	figs-metonymy	ἐκ περιτομῆς οὗτοι, μόνοι συνεργοὶ εἰς τὴν Βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of God	Paul uses "circumcision" here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate translation: "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	4	11	p8e9		ἐκ περιτομῆς οὗτοι, μόνοι	1	These alone of the circumcision	"These men—Aristarchus, Mark, and Justus—alone of the circumcision"
COL	4	12	et2g			0	General Information:	Laodicea and Hierapolis were towns close to Colossae.
COL	4	12	gg86		Ἐπαφρᾶς	1	Epaphras	Epaphras was the man who had preached the good news to the people in Colossae ([Colossians 1:7](../01/07.md)).
COL	4	12	rq61			0	one of you	"from your city" or "your fellow townsman"
COL	4	12	ek51		δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ	1	a slave of Christ Jesus	"a committed disciple of Christ Jesus"
COL	4	12	p8ff		πάντοτε ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐν ταῖς προσευχαῖς	1	always strives for you in prayer	"earnestly prays for you"
COL	4	12	nuh9		σταθῆτε τέλειοι καὶ πεπληροφορημένοι	1	you may stand complete and fully assured	"you may stand mature and confident"
COL	4	13	k8vv		μαρτυρῶ ... αὐτῷ, ὅτι ἔχει πολὺν πόνον ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν	1	I bear witness of him, that he works hard for you	"I have observed that he has worked very hard for you"
COL	4	14	hq1k		Δημᾶς	1	Demas	This is another co-worker with Paul.
COL	4	15	sc5g		τοὺς ἐν Λαοδικίᾳ ἀδελφοὺς	1	brothers	Here this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
COL	4	15	zkp3		τοὺς ἐν Λαοδικίᾳ ἀδελφοὺς	1	in Laodicea	a city very close to Colossae where there was also a church
COL	4	15	wyk3		Νύμφαν, καὶ τὴν κατ’ οἶκον αὐτῆς ἐκκλησίαν	1	Nympha, and the church that is in her house	A woman named Nympha hosted a house church. Alternate translation: "Nympha and the group of believers that meets in her house"
COL	4	17	d39x	figs-you	εἴπατε Ἀρχίππῳ," βλέπε τὴν διακονίαν ἣν παρέλαβες ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἵνα αὐτὴν πληροῖς	1	Say to Archippus, "Look to the ministry that you have received in the Lord, that you should fulfill it	Paul reminds Archippus of the task God had given him and that he, Archippus, was under obligation to the Lord to fulfill it. The words "Look," "you have received," and "you should fulfill" all refer to Archippus and should be singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
COL	4	18	an7s			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes his letter with a greeting written in his own handwriting.
COL	4	18	h3kx	figs-metonymy	μνημονεύετέ μου τῶν δεσμῶν	1	Remember my chains	Paul speaks of chains when he means his imprisonment. Alternate translation: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
COL	4	18	w2vm	figs-metonymy		0	May grace be with you	Here "grace" stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. Alternate translation: "I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])