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Edited through Proverbs 4 (#3159) 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3159
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front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n5. More sayings from wise men (24:23–34)\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n7. Sayings from Agur (30:1–33)\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the Book of Proverbs about?\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:34](../24/34.md). Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in [30:1–33](../30/01.md) and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in [31:1–31](../31/01.md).\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Parallelism\n\nMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. [Proverbs 1:20–33](../01/20.md), [3:15–18](../03/15.md), [4:6–9](../04/06.md), and [8:1](../08/01.md)–[9:12](../09/12.md) refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. [Proverbs 9:13–18](../09/13.md) refers to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n * Title (1:1)\n * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:intro y4et 0 # Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n * Title (1:1)\n * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:1 ej1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the proverbs of Solomon”
1:1 q6pn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה 1 Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **proverbs** that were written by **Solomon**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The proverbs that were written by Solomon”
1:2 sah7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis לָ⁠דַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּ⁠מוּסָ֑ר 1 [1:2–6](../01/02.md) are one long sentence that lacks some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The purposes of proverbs are to know wisdom and instruction”
@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:5 lrm2 0 This verse is parenthetical and interrupts the list of purposes for proverbs in [1:2–6](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could add parentheses, as in the ULT, or use a natural way in your language to indicate a parenthetical statement.
1:5 gagy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְ⁠י֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝⁠נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear and increase insight, yes, the understanding one will acquire guidance”
1:5 r7sn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear these proverbs”
1:5 ykul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לֶ֑קַח & תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **insight** and **guidance**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how insightful one is … what guides”
1:5 sddg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה 1 The author implies that this person **will acquire guidance** from proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will acquire guidance from these proverbs”
1:5 ykul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea **guidance**, you could express the same ides in another way. Alternate translation: “what guides”
1:6 kp7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְ⁠חִידֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to understand a proverb and a satire, yes, to understand the words of the wise ones and their riddles”
1:6 rcl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה 1 Here, **to** indicates a fifth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of understanding a proverb and a satire”
1:6 h2dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים 1 The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to understand the words of the wise ones”
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:24 p5wg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism קָ֭רָאתִי וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י וְ⁠אֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I have called and you have refused, yes, I have stretched out my hand and there was no one listening attentively”
1:24 e734 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ 1 Wisdom implies that people **refused** to listen to what she said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you have refused to listen to me”
1:24 i835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י 1 This phrase **stretched out my hand** is an idiom that refers to beckoning someone or inviting a person to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I stretched out my hand to beckon you” or “I beckoned you”
1:25 h2ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַ⁠תִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and you have ignored all my counsel, yes, you did not accept my rebuke”
1:25 h2ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism וַ⁠תִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and you have ignored all my counsel, yes, my rebuke you did not accept”
1:25 l0le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns עֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **counsel** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “that I have counseled, and … what I said to rebuke you”
1:26 r8lx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result גַּם־אֲ֭נִי 1 [1:26–27](../01/26.md) state the result of what was stated in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). If you divided [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences and removed **Because** from [1:24](../01/24.md), then you will need to add a word here to express the result of the reasons given in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). Alternate translation: “As a result, I too” or “So, I too”
1:26 sl5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism גַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּ⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I too shall laugh in your calamity, yes, I shall mock when your dread comes”
@ -140,172 +140,346 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
1:33 pspz rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ 1 **But** here indicates a strong contrast between **the one who listens** and “the naive ones,” who were mentioned in the previous verse. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, the one who listens”
1:33 kho1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה 1 Here, the possessive form describes **dread** that a person has for **evil**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from dreading evil”
1:33 zjk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **dread** in [1:26](../01/26.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
2:1 gj7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 1 # General Information:\n\nA father teaches his child using poetry.
2:1 wtm1 if you receive my words 1 Alternate translation: “if you listen to what I am teaching you”
2:1 jh3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor treasure up my commandments with you 1 Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure”
2:2 an5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom make your ears pay attention 1 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully”
2:2 w1il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to wisdom 0 This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you”
2:2 gme3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy incline your heart to understanding 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one’s mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:3 j5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it 0 Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:3 q192 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom raise your voice 0 This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout.
2:4 ci1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures 0 Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:4 ll3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you seek it … search for understanding 0 Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search.
2:5 h49h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will find the knowledge of God 0 To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching.
2:6 g5bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding 0 Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand”
2:7 jn6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him 0 Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him”
2:7 dv7k sound 0 Alternate translation: “dependable”
2:7 m2mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he is a shield for those 0 Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those”
2:7 u4zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who walk in integrity 0 A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should”
2:8 qt7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he guards the paths of justice 0 This could mean: (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly”
2:8 t2qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor preserve the way of his faithful ones 0 A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him”
2:9 qn9x equity 0 fairness
2:9 ex8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor every good path 0 A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God”
2:10 kf4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy wisdom will come into your heart 0 Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10 z4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche pleasant to your soul 0 Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you”
2:11 jbm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you 0 This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:11 q2th Discretion 0 the quality of being careful in actions and speech
2:11 dnu8 watch over 0 to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
2:12 ix2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification They will rescue you from the way of evil 0 “They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil”
2:12 vs4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from the way of evil 0 Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks.
2:13 a5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness 0 A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path.
2:13 tc6p who abandon 0 The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
2:13 q9by abandon 0 to leave and never return to someone or something
2:14 e571 They rejoice 0 “They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
2:14 t4yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism delight in the perversities of evil 0 This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil”
2:15 jpq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They follow crooked paths 0 People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people”
2:15 lsl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor using deception they hide their tracks 0 People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done”
2:16 p5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Wisdom and discretion will save you 0 The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself”
2:17 c2iu the companion of her youth 0 This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
2:17 awb4 the covenant of her God 0 This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
2:18 dn9d her house sinks down to death 0 This could mean: (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
2:18 kl7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor her tracks will lead you 0 This could mean: (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you”
2:18 hwl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to those in the grave 0 This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave”
2:19 n7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism go in to her 0 This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute.
2:19 zg4r they will not find the paths of life 0 This could mean: (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
2:20 ts71 So 0 The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
2:20 fiw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will walk in the way … follow the paths 0 A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example”
2:22 r5sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the wicked will be cut off from the land 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:22 w94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the wicked … the faithless 0 These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people”
2:22 cmv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the faithless will be cut off from it 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
3:1 p6r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry.
3:1 f5cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns do not forget my commands 0 The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you”
3:1 tk78 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism keep my teachings in your heart 0 This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:2 r3ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet for the length of your days and years of your life 0 These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3:3 w5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you 0 The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:3 xj6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tie them together about your neck 0 The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace”
3:3 i4pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy write them on the tablet of your heart 0 Here the heart represents a person’s mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:4 g3fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the sight of God and man 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man”
3:5 w345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all your heart 0 Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being”
3:5 m1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor do not lean on your own understanding 0 The writer speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding”
3:6 c7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in all your ways 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do”
3:6 m1v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will make your paths straight 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person’s actions prosperous as if that person’s actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success”
3:7 y6is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not be wise in your own eyes 0 The writer speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion”
3:7 au5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turn away from evil 0 The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil”
3:8 du95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It will be healing to your flesh 0 The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:9 thp2 all your produce 0 Alternate translation: “all the food you harvest”
3:10 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your storehouses will be filled up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full”
3:10 y7db storehouses 0 buildings or rooms where food is stored
3:10 vtx6 your vats will be bursting 0 your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
3:11 f4sx 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer writes as a father teaching his son.
3:12 gpk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a son who pleases him 0 “a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the father’s affection for the son, and not to the father’s approval of the son’s behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves”
3:13 d1nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The one who finds wisdom 0 The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom”
3:14 gy74 what silver will give in return 0 This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
3:15 y2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 # General Information:\n\nThe author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman.
3:15 vxz8 more precious 0 Alternate translation: “more valuable”
3:16 p6g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification She has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor 0 The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:16 k6ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom length of her days 0 This idiom refers to the duration of person’s life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life”
3:17 mfb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:18 le9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit”
3:18 l7hn a tree of life 0 Alternate translation: “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
3:18 ka8x those who hold on to it 0 Alternate translation: “those who hold on to its fruit”
3:19 c1nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Yahweh founded the earth … established the heavens 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens”
3:20 ulw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the depths broke open 0 In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist”
3:20 b6d2 dew 0 water that forms on the ground at night
3:21 xa9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor do not lose sight of them 0 The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them”
3:22 mr5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche They will be life to your soul 0 Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you”
3:22 x4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor an adornment of favor to wear around your neck 0 The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace”
3:22 r2k8 adornment of favor 0 This could mean: (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
3:23 k64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will walk on your way in safety 0 The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety”
3:23 d5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your foot will not stumble 0 The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:24 f69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit when you lie down 0 It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep”
3:24 q2v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your sleep will be sweet 0 The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:25 ds94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation”
3:26 aw88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Yahweh will be on your side 0 “Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another person’s side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you”
3:26 z3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will keep your foot from being caught in a trap 0 The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:27 yl8a Do not withhold good 0 Alternate translation: “Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
3:27 sqz5 when it is in your power to act 0 Alternate translation: “when you are able to help”
3:28 e1qg when you have the money with you 0 “when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
3:31 pae7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Do not … choose any of his ways 0 It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways”
3:32 eu7k the devious person is detestable to Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the devious person”
3:32 n8ed the devious person 0 the person who is dishonest or deceitful
3:32 uy1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he brings the upright person into his confidence 0 Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright”
3:33 h6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh’s curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:33 q866 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he blesses the home of righteous people 0 The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people”
3:34 kb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he gives his favor to humble people 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh’s favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people”
3:35 y7vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Wise people inherit honor 0 The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation”
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fools will be lifted up in their shame 0 The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
4:1 hqv1 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
4:1 zck6 pay attention 0 Alternate translation: “listen carefully”
4:1 s4lm you will know what understanding is 0 Alternate translation: “you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
4:2 paf3 I am giving you good instructions 0 Alternate translation: “What I am teaching you is good”
4:3 y999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When I was a son of my father 0 This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father”
4:3 n5ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys the tender and only child 0 Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child”
4:4 b7y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Let your heart hold fast to my words 0 Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:5 ft42 Acquire wisdom 0 Alternate translation: “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
4:5 fb3y do not forget 0 Alternate translation: “remember”
4:5 m3uv do not reject 0 Alternate translation: “accept”
4:5 su5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the words of my mouth 0 Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying”
4:6 zc73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:6 vrf5 do not abandon wisdom 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
4:6 h75g love her 0 Alternate translation: “love wisdom”
4:7 zu2p 0 # General Information:\n\nThe father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
4:7 guq5 spend all you own so you can get understanding 0 Alternate translation: “value understanding more than all you own”
4:8 pa2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:8 x13z Cherish 0 to feel or show great love for someone or something
4:8 k4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification she will honor you when you embrace her 0 The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:9 z38e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor She will put a wreath of honor on your head 0 The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor”
4:9 beu8 wreath 0 a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
4:9 z184 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor she will give you a beautiful crown 0 The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head”
4:10 p1f4 pay attention to my words 0 Alternate translation: “listen carefully to what I teach you”
4:10 l7bx you will have many years in your life 0 Alternate translation: “you will live many years”
4:11 h1ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths 0 The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live”
4:12 xxp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble 0 These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:13 d7gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Hold on to instruction, do not let it go 0 The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it”
4:13 ljf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for it is your life 0 The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life”
4:14 gi8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil”
4:15 cr8d Avoid it 0 Alternate translation: “Avoid the path of the wicked”
4:16 n1jz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole they cannot sleep until they do evil 0 They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions.
4:16 a2jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole they are robbed of sleep 0 The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:16 bvp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor until they cause someone to stumble 0 The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone”
4:17 vfi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence 0 This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence”
4:18 w7hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the path of righteous people 0 The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people”
4:18 etf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter 0 The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter”
4:18 i5k7 the first light 0 This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
4:18 jv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom until the fullness of the day comes 0 This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight”
4:19 bqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The way of the wicked 0 The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked”
4:19 mj9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The way of the wicked is like darkness 0 The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see”
4:19 m9yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they do not know what it is they stumble over 0 The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune”
4:20 w8jd pay attention 0 Alternate translation: “listen carefully”
4:20 kji2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche incline your ear to my sayings 0 Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:21 zdv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Do not let them turn away from your eyes 0 The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them”
4:21 a189 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor keep them in your heart 0 The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one’s heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them”
4:22 jnu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my words are life 0 The writer speaks of his words preserving a person’s life as if they were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life”
4:22 lby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to those who find them 0 The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them”
4:22 d57y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis health to their whole body 0 The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them”
4:23 pf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Keep your heart safe and guard it 0 Here the word “heart” represents a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts”
4:23 klv3 with all diligence 0 with constant and earnest effort
4:23 n8vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from it flow the springs of life 0 The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:24 a2sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you 0 The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully”
4:25 il8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you 0 Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:26 nt2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Make a level path for your foot 0 Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:26 g2a2 a level path 0 Alternate translation: “a smooth path” or “an even path”
4:26 xyn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then all your ways will be secure 0 The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right”
4:27 h89u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism Do not turn aside to the right or to the left 0 The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path”
4:27 j3tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche turn your foot away from evil 0 Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:intro jxf1 0 # Proverbs 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
2:intro wr6i 0 # Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crimes or adultery (2:1–22)
2:1 ku26 בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 In [2:1](../02/01.md)–[7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon continues addressing his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md).
2:1 fkcl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical אִם 1 Here, **if** indicates the beginning of a conditional sentence that extends from this verse to [2:5](../02/05.md). This is the first of three **if** clauses in this long sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could divide this long sentence into shorter sentences and indicate the condition along with the result in [2:5](../02/05.md), as in the UST.
2:1 jh3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 Valuing the father’s **commandments** is spoken of as if the **commandments** were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store that treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and consider my commandments to be as valuable as a treasure”
2:2 hiva rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לְ⁠הַקְשִׁ֣יב לַֽ⁠חָכְמָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑⁠ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה 1 The word translated as **to** here indicates that what follows in this verse explains the means by which a person can receive the sayings and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by causing your ear to be attentive to wisdom, and by inclining your heart to understanding”
2:2 an5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לְ⁠הַקְשִׁ֣יב & אָזְנֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to forcing oneself to listen carefully. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully”
2:2 w1il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַֽ⁠חָכְמָ֣ה & לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
2:2 ibaf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Here, Solomon uses **heart** to refer a person’s inner being or mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “incline your inner being to understanding” or “incline your mind to understanding”
2:2 gme3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּ⁠ךָ֗ לַ⁠תְּבוּנָֽה 1 The phrase **incline your heart** is an idiom that refers to fully committing one’s mind to doing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fully commit yourself to gaining understanding”
2:3 j5n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אִ֣ם לַ⁠בִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝⁠תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you call out for understanding, yes, if for perception you lift up your voice”
2:3 ntaj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לַ⁠בִּינָ֣ה & לַ֝⁠תְּבוּנָ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of calling out to receive **understanding** and **perception** as if they were people whom someone could summon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to receive understanding … to receive perception”
2:3 v4y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַ⁠בִּינָ֣ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in the previous verse.
2:3 cda0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לַ֝⁠תְּבוּנָ֗ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **perception**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what should be perceived”
2:3 q192 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to speaking loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you speak with a loud voice”
2:4 ci1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף וְֽ⁠כַ⁠מַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words other than **and** that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like silver, yes, if search for it like hidden treasures”
2:4 mvqx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף וְֽ⁠כַ⁠מַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like it were silver and search for it like it were hidden treasures” or “if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for it like you would search for hidden treasures”
2:4 sm8u rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה & תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה 1 In this verse, the pronoun **it** refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you seek wisdom … search for wisdom”
2:4 ll3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥⁠נָּה כַ⁠כָּ֑סֶף וְֽ⁠כַ⁠מַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂ⁠נָּה 1 Solomon is saying that wisdom is like **silver** and **hidden treasures** because those are items they people value greatly and work very hard to find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you seek it diligently like one seeks silver and search for it diligently like one searches for hidden treasures”
2:5 y8la rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אָ֗ז 1 Here, **then** indicates that what follows is the result of meeting the conditions that are stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md). If you divided this long sentence in [2:1–5](../02/01.md) into shorter sentences, then you will need to indicate condition before the result here, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “If you do so, then the result will be that”
2:5 ngzm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:7](../01/07.md).
2:5 h49h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא 1 Obtaining **the knowledge of God** is spoken of as if **the knowledge of God** were an object that a person can **find** by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will have the knowledge of God”
2:5 vknk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וְ⁠דַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe knowing **God**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you will find how to know God”
2:6 cq0z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md) is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”
2:6 ab3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** and **understanding** in the previous verse.
2:6 g5bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מִ֝⁠פִּ֗י⁠ו דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה 1 Here, **mouth** represents Yahweh himself or what he says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding”
2:7 jn6b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ו⁠צפן לַ֭⁠יְשָׁרִים תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה 1 Yahweh possessing **sound wisdom** that he gives to people is spoken of as if **sound wisdom** were an item that Yahweh **stores up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he has sound wisdom to provide for the upright ones”
2:7 dv7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **sound wisdom**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “soundly wise things”
2:7 m2mi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָ֝גֵ֗ן לְ⁠הֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם 1 Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a **shield**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shields those walking with integrity”
2:7 u4zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠הֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם 1 Here, **walking** refers to how people behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who conduct themselves with integrity”
2:7 xk74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תֹֽם 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
2:8 ajdo rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לִ֭⁠נְצֹר 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for Yahweh giving “sound wisdom” and being a “shield,” as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. You may to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does these things for the purpose of guarding”
2:8 qt7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט 1 Here, **paths** could refer to: (1) the lives of people who behave justly, in which case the meaning is similar to the next clause in the verse. Alternate translation: “those who behave justly” (2) **justice** itself, as if it were **paths**. Alternate translation: “the path that is justice” or “justice”
2:8 t2qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠דֶ֖רֶךְ חֲסִידָ֣יו יִשְׁמֹֽר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the lives of God’s **faithful ones** as if they were a way or road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will preserve the lives of his faithful ones”
2:9 qn9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אָ֗ז 1 **Then** here indicates that what follows is another result of meeting the conditions stated in [2:1–4](../02/01.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate the result of meeting conditions. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, then the result will be that”
2:9 hh3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns צֶ֣דֶק וּ⁠מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝⁠מֵישָׁרִ֗ים 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity** in [1:3](../01/03.md).
2:9 ex8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּל־מַעְגַּל־טֽוֹב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise behavior as if it were a **good track**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every good behavior”
2:10 ftxt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֣ה & וְ֝⁠דַ֗עַת 1 See how you translated **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
2:10 sjsp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
2:10 kf4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom תָב֣וֹא & בְ⁠לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to fully knowing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be fully known by you” or “will be fully in your mind”
2:10 z4e2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְֽ⁠נַפְשְׁ⁠ךָ֥ יִנְעָֽם 1 Here, **spirit** refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be pleasant to you”
2:11 oo4b 1 [2:11–17](../02/11.md) are one long sentence. If you divide these verses into multiple sentences, as the UST does, then you may need to repeat some phrases in order to make the meaning clear.
2:11 q2th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗י⁠ךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽ⁠כָּה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Discretion will preserve over you, yes, understanding will protect you”
2:11 jbm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗י⁠ךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽ⁠כָּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **discretion** and **understanding** as if they were people who could **protect** someone else. He means that someone who has **discretion** and **understanding** will be safe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you have discretion, you will be safe; if you have understanding, you will be secure”
2:11 dnu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מְ֭זִמָּה & תְּבוּנָ֥ה 1 See how you translated **Discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
2:12 ix2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification לְ֭⁠הַצִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were people who could **rescue** someone. He means that people who have “discretion” and “understanding” will **rescue** themselves from harm. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to rescue yourselves”
2:12 w9je rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ֭⁠הַצִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is the purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” protecting a person, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will protect you for the purpose of rescuing you”
2:12 xcem rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠דֶּ֣רֶךְ רָ֑ע 1 This phase **the way of evil** could refer to: (1) the **way** of an **evil** person. This interpretation fits the context of the descriptions of evil people given in [2:12–17](../02/12.md). Alternate translation: “from the way of an evil person” (2) a **way** that is characterized by **evil**. Alternate translation: “from the evil way”
2:12 vs4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, Solomon uses **way** to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of **way** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
2:12 ekbf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:12 utj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מֵ֝⁠אִ֗ישׁ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a man”
2:12 vund rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵ֝⁠אִ֗ישׁ 1 The word **man** here represents a type of person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “from a person”
2:13 a5k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר 1 Here, **the paths of straightness** refers to behaving in a right manner. The word **paths** refers to human behavior, and **straightness** refers to being righteous. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “doing what is right” or “acting rightly”
2:13 tc6p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לָ֝⁠לֶ֗כֶת 1 Here, **to** introduces the purpose for forsaking **the paths of straightness**. Use a natural way in your language to indicate purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of walking”
2:13 q9by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom לָ֝⁠לֶ֗כֶת בְּ⁠דַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ 1 This phrase refers to behaving in an evil manner. The biblical authors often use **walk** to refer to how someone behaves and **darkness** to refer to evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to do what is evil” or “to behave in an evil manner”
2:14 e571 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָ֑ע & רָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil**in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:14 t4yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּֽ⁠תַהְפֻּכ֥וֹת רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **perverse things** that are characterized by **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “evil perverse things”
2:15 ei69 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָרְחֹתֵי⁠הֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים וּ֝⁠נְלוֹזִ֗ים בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלוֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “whose paths are crooked, yes, who go astray in their tracks”
2:15 jpq2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אָרְחֹתֵי⁠הֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלוֹתָֽ⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon refers to human behavior as if it were **paths** and **tracks** that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “behavior is crooked … in their behavior”
2:15 lsl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & וּ֝⁠נְלוֹזִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon uses the phrases **are crooked** and **go astray** to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are deceptive and who are deceptive”
2:16 p5k9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal לְ֭⁠הַצִּ֣ילְ⁠ךָ 1 Here, **to** indicates that what follows is another purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” guarding a person, as stated in the [2:11](../02/11.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. If you divided up the long sentence in [2:11–17](../02/11.md) into shorter sentences, then here you will need to repeat some information from [2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will guard you for the additional purpose of rescuing you”
2:16 wotd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵ⁠אִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Here, Solomon refers to an immoral and adulterous **woman** as if she were a stranger or foreigner. God considers such a **woman** to be **strange** or **foreign** because her sinful acts have caused her to be alienated from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
2:16 dtaw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun מֵ⁠אִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is speaking of any women who do these things, not of one particular **woman**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “from any strange woman, from any foreign woman”
2:16 yvpb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מִ֝⁠נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a foreign woman”
2:16 zrdj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of this woman speaking seductively as if she were making what she says **smooth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who makes her sayings seductive”
2:17 c2iu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַלּ֣וּף 1 Here, **companion** refers to the husband of the adulterous woman mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the husband of”
2:17 on5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession אַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the companion** whom this woman married while she was in **her youth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the companion whom she married in her youth”
2:17 omt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns נְעוּרֶ֑י⁠הָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **youth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the time when she was young”
2:17 awb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹהֶ֣י⁠הָ 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the covenant** that this woman made with **her God.** If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God”
2:17 yeit rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּרִ֖ית 1 Here, **covenant** refers specifically to the **covenant** that that man and woman made with each other and God when they married. This **covenant** included promising not to commit adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God when she married her husband”
2:18 i084 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason why “discretion” and “understanding” rescue a man from an adulterous woman, as stated in [2:16](../02/16.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will rescue you from her because”
2:18 v1ud rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑⁠הּ וְ⁠אֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “her house sinks down to death, yes, her tracks to the spirits of the dead”
2:18 dn9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בֵּיתָ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, **house** could refer to: (1) going to the adulterous woman’s **house**. Alternate translation: “going to her house” (2) the adulterous activity that takes place in her house. Alternate translation: “what she does in her house”
2:18 hbh4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path or to a **house** that **sinks down**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die”
2:18 rkj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ⁠אֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and her tracks sink down to the spirits of the dead” or “and her tracks lead to the spirits of the dead”
2:18 g44z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽי⁠הָ 1 Here, **tracks** could refer to: (1) the path that leads to the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “the path that leads to her” (2) how she behaves, which is how **tracks** is used in [2:15](../02/15.md). Alternate translation: “her behavior”
2:18 hwl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy רְ֝פָאִ֗ים 1 Here, **the spirits of dead ones** refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called “Sheol” in [1:12](../01/12.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead”
2:19 n7tg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism בָּ֭אֶי⁠הָ 1 Here, **enter** refers to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who have sexual relations with her” or “those who sleep with her”
2:19 wzqj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּ⁠ן 1 Here, **return** could refer to: (1) those people coming back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will not become alive again” (2) those people returning to a joyful or prosperous life. Alternate translation: “will not return to living well”
2:19 zg4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠לֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 This could mean: (1) those people will not be able to come back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and they will not return to the land of the living” (2) those people will not be able to enjoy a good life again. Alternate translation: “and they will never live a happy life again”
2:20 ts71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לְמַ֗עַן 1 **So** here indicates that what follows is the result of what was stated in [2:11–19](../02/11.md) being true. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “Because this is true”
2:20 kzax rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְ⁠אָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you shall walk in the way of the good ones, yes, the paths of the righteous ones you shall keep”
2:20 hp7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְ⁠אָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 Solomon is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “walk in the way of the good ones and keep the paths of the righteous ones”
2:20 fiw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ & וְ⁠אָרְח֖וֹת & תִּשְׁמֹֽר 1 The phrases **walk in the way of** and **keep the paths of** both refer to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall behave like … and you shall behave like”
2:21 wou9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows in [2:21–22](../02/21.md) is the conclusion to what was stated in [2:11–20](../02/11.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated a similar use of **For** in [1:32](../01/32.md). Alternate translation: “In conclusion,”
2:21 uy6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism יְשָׁרִ֥ים יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽ⁠הּ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the upright ones will dwell in the land, yes, the blameless ones will remain in it”
2:21 bqn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ & יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽ⁠הּ 1 Here, **the land** and **it** could refer to: (1) the **land** of Israel, which God had given to the Jewish people and which Solomon was ruling over when he wrote these proverbs. Alternate translation: “will dwell in the land of Israel … will remain in Israel” or “will dwell in our land … will remain in our land” (2) the earth in general, in which case this would refer to staying alive. Alternate translation: “will dwell on the earth … will remain alive on the earth”
2:22 nyod rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast וּ֭⁠רְשָׁעִים 1 Here, **but** indicates a strong contrast between the **wicked** and **treacherous** people and the “upright” and “blameless” people, who were mentioned in the previous verse. See how you translated a similar strong contrast in [1:33](../01/33.md).
2:22 mnw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ &יִסְּח֥וּ 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context indicates that God will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will cut off … God will tear away”
2:22 r5sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ & יִסְּח֥וּ 1 Solomon speaks of Yahweh removing people from **the land** as if he were cutting those people off, like a person cuts a branch from a tree, or as if he were tearing those people away, like a person violently pulls someone off of something. Solomon does not state if these people are removed by being killed or by being forced to leave **the land**, so it is best to use general expressions for these phrases. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be removed … will be taken away”
2:22 w94m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit מֵ⁠אֶ֣רֶץ & מִמֶּֽ⁠נָּה 1 See how you translated **the land** and **it** in the previous verse.
3:intro a94e 0 # Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [3:15–18](../03/15.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:1 tjcg בְּ֭נִ⁠י 1 From [2:1](../02/01.md) to [7:27](../07/27.md), Solomon addresses his **son** directly, as he had previously in [1:8–19](../01/08.md). [3:1](../03/01.md) continues these direct instructions.
3:1 p6r4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תּוֹרָתִ֣⁠י אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח וּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not forget my law, yes, my commandments let your heart guard”
3:1 jvym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively, as in the UST.
3:1 ji5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּוֹרָתִ֣⁠י 1 Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. See how you translated this use of **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
3:1 f5cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וּ֝⁠מִצְוֺתַ֗⁠י 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
3:1 n273 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:1 g7i5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s **heart** as if it were a person who could **guard** something, and he speaks of **commandments** as if they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these **commandments** in order to obey them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to obey”
3:2 e1jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Remember my commandments because”\n
3:2 yp9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים וּ⁠שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים וְ֝⁠שָׁל֗וֹם יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “they will add to you length of days and years of life and peace”
3:2 fmbi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים 1 Here, **length of days** is an idiom that means “a long life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a long life”
3:2 r3ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וּ⁠שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים 1 Here, **years of life** is an idiom that means “a long and fulfilling life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a fulfilling life” or “and years of fulfilling life”
3:2 jl5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠שָׁל֗וֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and a peaceful life”
3:2 f1ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יוֹסִ֥יפוּ 1 Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the law and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my law and commandments will add”
3:2 rplu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽ⁠ךְ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his commandments as if they could **add** **length** to a person’s life. He means that obeying his commandments will enable a person to life a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeying them will add to you” or “by obeying them you will add to yourself”
3:3 s6k5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism חֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥⁠ךָ קָשְׁרֵ֥⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ כָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These three clauses mean basically the same thing. The second and third clauses emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these three clauses. Alternate translation: “Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness leave you, yes, bind them on your throats, indeed, write them on the tablet of your heart”
3:3 w5in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification חֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** as if they were people who could **leave** someone. He means that a person should not stop being faithful and trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop being faithful and trustworthy”
3:3 jx0f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes חֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “Retain covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
3:3 v4wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חֶ֥סֶד וֶ⁠אֱמֶ֗ת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being faithful and trustworthy”
3:3 xj6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor קָשְׁרֵ֥⁠ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **covenant faithfulness** and **trustworthiness** as if they were objects that someone could **tie** around his **neck** like a necklace. He means that these are valuable qualities that people should display outwardly by their behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “show them outwardly by how you behave” or “display them like one would wear a necklace”
3:3 i4pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy כָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:3 i8u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּ֝תְבֵ֗⁠ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **heart** as if it were a **tablet** upon which someone could **write** **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness**. He means that people should always remember to behave with **covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “keep these things in your mind” or “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet”
3:4 xajl rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וּ⁠מְצָא־חֵ֖ן 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then you will find favor” or “This will result in you finding favor”
3:4 uwqy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מְצָא־חֵ֖ן וְ⁠שֵֽׂכֶל־ט֑וֹב 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **favor and good insight** as if they were objects that a person could find. He means that **God and man** will show **favor** and **good insight** to the person who does what Solomon commanded in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience favor and good insight”
3:4 g3fy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֖י 1 Here, **eyes** refers to seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of”
3:4 i2ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun וְ⁠אָדָֽם 1 Solomon is speaking of people in general, not of one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “and others”
3:5 w345 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:5 m1v4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֶל־בִּֽ֝ינָתְ⁠ךָ֗ אַל־תִּשָּׁעֵֽן 1 Here, Solomon speaks of relying on one’s own **understanding** as if **understanding** were an object that a person could **lean on**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding”
3:5 xos0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בִּֽ֝ינָתְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
3:6 c7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכֶ֥י⁠ךָ & אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s actions as if they were **ways** or **paths** on which that person walks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in all that you do … what you do”
3:6 ftuh rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ֝⁠ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse and the beginning of this verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then he himself will straighten” or “This will result in he himself straightening”
3:6 vunk rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ֝⁠ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר 1 For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed will straighten”
3:6 m1v6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh showing people what they should do as if Yahweh were removing obstacles and smoothing out **paths** that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he himself will make clear to you what you should do” or “and he himself will guide your actions”
3:7 y6is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion”
3:7 dgv0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast יְרָ֥א אֶת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְ⁠ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. While the previous clause said what a person should not do, this clause says what that person should do instead. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather, fear Yahweh and turn from evil”\n
3:7 au5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠ס֣וּר מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 Here, Solomon speaks of refusing to do **evil** actions as if are person were turning away **from evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not commit evil”
3:7 fwf0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3:8 yl6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism רִ֭פְאוּת תְּהִ֣י לְ⁠שָׁרֶּ֑⁠ךָ וְ֝⁠שִׁקּ֗וּי לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “It will be healing for your navel, yes, refreshment for your bones”
3:8 du95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תְּהִ֣י 1 The pronoun **It** here refers to following the commands that Solomon stated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Obeying these commands will be”
3:8 dtw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ⁠שָׁרֶּ֑⁠ךָ & לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is using parts of a person, the **navel** and **bones**, to represent a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for your body … for your whole body”
3:8 tca5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וְ֝⁠שִׁקּ֗וּי לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and it will be refreshment for your bones”
3:8 ghf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠שִׁקּ֗וּי לְ⁠עַצְמוֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **refreshment**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and will cause your bones to be refreshed”
3:9 j8au rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis מֵ⁠הוֹנֶ֑⁠ךָ וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠רֵאשִׁ֗ית כָּל־תְּבוּאָתֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “by giving from your wealth and by giving from the first of all your produce”
3:9 thp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠רֵאשִׁ֗ית 1 Here, **first** refers to the **first** crops that were harvested at harvest time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and from the first crops harvested of”
3:10 z9am rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠יִמָּלְא֣וּ אֲסָמֶ֣י⁠ךָ שָׂבָ֑ע 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then your storehouses will be full with plenty” or “This will result in your storehouses being full with plenty”
3:10 y7db rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown אֲסָמֶ֣י⁠ךָ 1 The word **storehouses** refers to buildings or rooms where harvested crops are stored. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of storage place, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “your place for storing harvested crops”
3:10 b6gn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שָׂבָ֑ע 1 Here, **plenty** refers to a plentiful amount of harvested crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a plentiful amount of harvested crops”
3:10 vtx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown וְ֝⁠תִיר֗וֹשׁ יְקָבֶ֥י⁠ךָ יִפְרֹֽצוּ 1 The word **vats** refers to large containers in which the juice of grapes called **new wine** was processed into **wine**. If a very large amount of **new wine** was put in the **vat**, it could flow over the top of the **vat**. If your readers would not be familiar with **wine** or the way it is produced, you could refer to something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and your storage containers will become so extremely full that they break open”
3:11 f4sx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מוּסַ֣ר & בְּ⁠תוֹכַחְתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **correction** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Being corrected by … being rebuked by him”
3:12 vqzb rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate reasons. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
3:12 qsno rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠כְ⁠אָ֗ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and like a father he rebukes a son he is pleased with”
3:12 gpk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה 1 The phrase **he is pleased with** refers to the father’s affection for his **son**. It does not mean that the father approves of his son’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a son who is dear to him”
3:13 cg8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom and happy is a man who obtains understanding”
3:13 cckc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom, yes, happy is a man who obtains understanding”
3:13 g5fm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָ֭דָם & וְ֝⁠אָדָ֗ם 1 In this verse, **a man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is a person … and a person”
3:13 d1nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of attaining **wisdom** as if it were an object that a person **finds**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who attains wisdom”
3:13 gdvg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָכְמָ֑ה & תְּבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
3:14 xyy7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is the reason what was stated in the previous verse is true. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that”
3:14 jir1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠חָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ 1 Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and than the produce of gold better is its produce”
3:14 rcci rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism ט֣וֹב סַ֭חְרָ⁠הּ מִ⁠סְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠חָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “better {is} its profit than the profit of silver, yes, better than the produce of gold is its produce”
3:14 eetj rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns סַ֭חְרָ⁠הּ & תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ 1 In this verse, **its** refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is wisdom’s profit … wisdom’s produce”
3:14 jkcm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor סַ֭חְרָ⁠הּ מִ⁠סְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף 1 Although the word **profit** usually refers to money that someone earns, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is its benefit than the benefit of silver”
3:14 gy74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מִ⁠סְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the monetary **profit** that one gains by selling or investing **silver**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the profit one can make from selling silver”
3:14 ssa3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מֵ⁠חָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽ⁠הּ 1 Although the word **produce** usually refers to harvested crops, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and than gold its benefit”
3:15 y2yl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הִ֭יא & בָֽ⁠הּ 1 In [3:15–18](../03/15.md) Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It … with it”
3:15 vxz8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יְקָ֣רָה & מִפְּנִינִ֑ים 1 The word translated **corals** could also refer to precious stones called “rubies.” Either word refers to an item that is extremely valuable. If your readers would not be familiar with **corals** or rubies, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is more precious than valuable stones” or “is more precious than something extremely valuable”
3:16 k6ir rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים 1 See how you translated this idiom in [3:2](../03/02.md).
3:16 e88d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בִּֽ⁠ימִינָ֑⁠הּ בִּ֝⁠שְׂמֹאולָ֗⁠הּ 1 In this verse, **her** refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is in wisdom’s right hand, in wisdom’s left hand”
3:16 p6g3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בִּֽ⁠ימִינָ֑⁠הּ בִּ֝⁠שְׂמֹאולָ֗⁠הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **length of days**, **riches**, and **honor** as if they were objects received from the **right** and **left** hands of wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is received by those who have wisdom, those who have wisdom receive riches”
3:16 yu0r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠כָבֽוֹד 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **honor**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and being honored”
3:17 dpuo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification דְּרָכֶ֥י⁠הָ & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ 1 **Her** and **her** here refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom’s ways … wisdom’s beaten paths”
3:17 t64o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism דְּרָכֶ֥י⁠הָ דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם וְֽ⁠כָל־נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ שָׁלֽוֹם 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than **and** that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her ways are ways of pleasantness, yes, all her beaten paths are peace”
3:17 a7ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכֶ֥י⁠הָ דַרְכֵי & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣י⁠הָ שָׁלֽוֹם 1 In this verse, **ways** and **beaten paths** refer to how being wise guides a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise behavior is behavior of … wise behavior brings peace”
3:17 l02t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **ways** that result in **pleasantness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are ways that lead to pleasantness”
3:17 u5du rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns שָׁלֽוֹם 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. The context indicates that **peace** is result of following the **beaten paths**. Alternate translation: “lead to being peaceful” or “result in living peacefully”
3:18 ac5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הִ֭יא & בָּ֑⁠הּ וְֽ⁠תֹמְכֶ֥י⁠הָ 1 **She** and **her** here refer to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom … of wisdom, and those who grasp wisdom”
3:18 l7hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **tree** with fruit that sustains **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is a tree that gives life” or “is a tree with fruit that sustains life”
3:18 le9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים & לַ⁠מַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑⁠הּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a **tree** that gives **life** to those who eat its fruit. He means that wisdom causes a person to live and long and happy life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “results in a good life for the ones who take hold of her” or “is like a tree that sustains the life the ones who take hold of her”
3:18 ka8x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לַ⁠מַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑⁠הּ וְֽ⁠תֹמְכֶ֥י⁠הָ 1 Here, Solomon refers to people who persist in being wise as if they **take hold of** or **grasp** wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the ones who retain wisdom, and those who remain wise”
3:19 c1nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יָֽסַד־אָ֑רֶץ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **Yahweh** creating **the earth** as if he were laying the foundation of a building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth”
3:19 rkhr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְּ⁠חָכְמָ֥ה & בִּ⁠תְבוּנָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** in [1:2](../01/02.md) and **understanding** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
3:20 ulw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּהוֹמ֣וֹת 1 Here, **depths** refers to bodies of water that were deep under the earth’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the underground bodies of water”
3:20 aov5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit נִבְקָ֑עוּ 1 Here, **broke open** could refer to: (1) the water from **the depths** bursting out from under the ground to form rivers, which best fits the discussion of creation in [3:19–20](../03/19.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth water that formed rivers” (2) the water from **the depths** bursting out during the global flood of Noah’s time, as described in [7:11](../07/11.md). Alternate translation: “burst forth flood water”
3:21 t2j4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ נְצֹ֥ר תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “guard prudence and discretion, do not let them depart from your eyes”
3:21 xa9f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if someone were always able to see that thing with his **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget them”
3:21 p05r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֥ר 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **prudence** and **discretion** as they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these qualities in order to practice them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to practice”
3:21 g4b2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **prudence** and **discretion** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
3:22 c7za rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠יִֽהְי֣וּ 1 **And** here introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then they will be” or “This will result in them being”
3:22 v7jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠יִֽהְי֣וּ 1 Here, **they** refers to “prudence” and “discretion” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And prudence and discretion will be”
3:22 mr5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לְ⁠נַפְשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **spirit** in [2:10](../02/10.md).
3:22 aqnl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ⁠יִֽהְי֣וּ חַיִּ֣ים לְ⁠נַפְשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ 1 This phrase is an idiom that refers to having a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will cause your life to be long”
3:22 c3ab rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ן לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, **grace** refers to something that looks graceful or attractive to others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and graceful ornaments for your neck”
3:22 x4q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠חֵ֗ן לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of “prudence” and “discretion” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the **neck** like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. See how you translated a similar expression in [1:9](../01/09.md). Alternate translation: “and a gracious display like a necklace around your neck”
3:23 lr2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result אָ֤ז תֵּלֵ֣ךְ 1 **Then** here introduces more results of obeying the commands stated in [3:21](../03/21.md). Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “Having prudence and discretion will also result in you walking”
3:23 k64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לָ⁠בֶ֣טַח דַּרְכֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of living one’s life as if one were walking along a **way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in security”
3:23 hbrf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns לָ⁠בֶ֣טַח 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **security**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “securely”
3:23 uxka rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ֝⁠רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Here, the word “foot” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you”
3:23 d5hd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִגּֽוֹף 1 Here, **not stumble** could refer to: (1) a person not experiencing harm, which is similar to the idea in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and your foot will not be harmed” (2) not sinning, which **stumble** is a common metaphor for in other scripture. Alternate translation: “and you will not sin”
3:24 f69h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב & וְ֝⁠שָׁכַבְתָּ֗ 1 In this verse, **lie down** implies lying down in order to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
3:25 dxf0 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִ⁠פַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹ֑ם וּ⁠מִ⁠שֹּׁאַ֥ת 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **dread** and **devastation**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “of dreadful things that happen suddenly and of what devastates”
3:25 ds94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠מִ⁠שֹּׁאַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **the devastation** that is experienced by **the wicked ones**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and of the wicked ones being devastated”
3:25 ri9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns תָבֹֽא 1 Here, **it** refers to **the devastation** mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that devastation comes”
3:26 zyov rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּֽי 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of these things because”
3:26 aw88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְ⁠כִסְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon uses **confidence** to refer to the source of a person’s **confidence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your source of confidence”
3:26 gtf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בְ⁠כִסְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who makes you confident”
3:26 z3ye rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד 1 Here, “foot” represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of **foot** in [1:15](../01/15.md).
3:26 jc7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠שָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מִ⁠לָּֽכֶד 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing “sudden dread” or “devastation” as if the person were captured in a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will keep you from sudden dread or devastation” or “and he will keep you from harm”
3:27 yl8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ט֥וֹב 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **good**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that is good”
3:27 yag5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ⁠בְּעָלָ֑י⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the **good** that people deserve as if they were **its owners**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from those to whom it is due”
3:27 sqz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בִּ⁠הְי֨וֹת לְ⁠אֵ֖ל יָדְךָ֣ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of being able to do something as if doing something was **in the power of** one’s **hand**. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you have the ability”
3:28 taqg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תֹּ֘אמַ֤ר לְרֵֽעֲךָ֨ 1 Solomon implies that the **neighbor** needs something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When your neighbor needs something, do not say to your neighbor”
3:28 r0kt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֶתֵּ֗ן וְ⁠יֵ֣שׁ 1 In this verse, **it** refers to the thing that the **neighbor** needs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you need, yet that thing is”
3:28 e1qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous וְ⁠יֵ֣שׁ 1 Here, **and** indicates that what follows is true at the same time as the speaker is speaking in the previous clause. This means that the person speaking refuses to give something to someone even though he has it with him. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “when it is”
3:29 zok6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אַל־תַּחֲרֹ֣שׁ & רָעָ֑ה 1 Here, **plot evil** implies someone plotting to do **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not scheme to do evil”
3:29 rdiz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָעָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3:29 yfoa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לָ⁠בֶ֣טַח 1 Here, **securely** implies that this person trusts **you** and does not expect to be harmed by **you**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “trustfully”
3:29 aheb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִתָּֽ⁠ךְ 1 Here, **with you** refers to being near someone. It does not mean these people dwell in the same house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “near you”
3:30 h9r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun אָדָ֣ם & לֹ֖א גְמָלְ⁠ךָ֣ 1 Here, **man** and **he** represent a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person … that person has not done you”
3:30 ohzi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure חִנָּ֑ם אִם־לֹ֖א גְמָלְ⁠ךָ֣ רָעָֽה 1 This clause gives the reason why such contending would be **without cause**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use change the sentence structure to show this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who has not done you evil. There is no reason to argue.”
3:30 ykrq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns רָעָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
3:31 p0vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ חָמָ֑ס 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **man** who is characterized by **violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of a violent man”
3:31 bqus rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun בְּ⁠אִ֣ישׁ 1 Here, **man** represents a person in general, not one particular **man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of a person of”
3:31 pae7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכָֽי⁠ו 1 Here, Solomon uses **ways** to refer to the behavior of **a man of violence**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things he does”
3:31 k7bc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝בְחַ֗ר בְּ⁠כָל־דְּרָכָֽי⁠ו 1 Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that this command refers to choosing not to do something. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and do not choose to do anything he does”
3:32 pi68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because”
3:32 eu7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns תוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **abomination**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is an abominable person to Yahweh”
3:32 n8ed rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נָל֑וֹז 1 Here, Solomon refers to someone who refuses to act righteously and deliberately does what is wicked as if that person **goes astray** from a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he who acts wickedly”
3:32 uy1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְֽ⁠אֶת־יְשָׁרִ֥ים סוֹדֽ⁠וֹ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh giving **secret counsel** to people as if it were an object that could be **with** those people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but to the upright ones he gives his secret counsel”
3:32 bu8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit סוֹדֽ⁠וֹ 1 The phrase **secret counsel** refers to confidential conversation between friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his confidential conversation”
3:33 h6ns rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מְאֵרַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **curse** that comes from **Yahweh**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The curse from Yahweh”
3:33 bsfg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית 1 Solomon speaks of the **curse of Yahweh** as if it were an object that he placed **on** top of the wicked person’s **house**. He means that Yahweh curses that **house**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is against the house of”
3:33 q866 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy בְּ⁠בֵ֣ית & וּ⁠נְוֵ֖ה & יְבָרֵֽךְ 1 Here, the words **house** and **abode** represent the families who live in those houses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is on the households of … but he blesses the households of”
3:34 bb7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֽוּא־יָלִ֑יץ 1 For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun **himself**, whose meaning is already stated as **he**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun **himself**. Alternate translation: “he indeed mocks”
3:34 kb65 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִתֶּן־חֵֽן 1 The writer speaks of Yahweh favoring people as if his **favor** were an object that he gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he acts favorably” or “he is gracious”
3:35 y7vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִנְחָ֑לוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving **honor** as if **honor** were property or wealth that they could **inherit** from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise ones will receive honor”
3:35 ly3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כָּ֭בוֹד & קָלֽוֹן 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **honor** and **dishonor**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **honor** in [3:16](../03/16.md). Alternate translation: “what is honorable … what is dishonorable”
3:35 b6jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מֵרִ֥ים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **stupid** people receiving **dishonor** as if their **dishonor** was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive”
4:intro z4ah 0 # Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [4:6–9](../04/06.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])\n
4:1 ik8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שִׁמְע֣וּ 1 See how you translated **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:1 hqv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בָ֭נִים 1 Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural **sons** and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his sons, but all of his readers as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you children”
4:1 rao5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מ֣וּסַר & בִּינָֽה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **instruction** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:1 zck6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אָ֑ב 1 Here, Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “me, your father”
4:2 s4lm rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Hear these instructions because”\n
4:2 paf3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you לָ⁠כֶ֑ם 1 Here, **you** is plural and refers to the “sons” referred to in the previous verse.
4:2 emym rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗⁠י אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 This clause is the result of what came before in the previous clause. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This is why you must not forsake my law”
4:2 szcm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:8](../01/08.md).\n
4:2 bzrs rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗⁠י 1 See how you translated the collective noun **law** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:3 y999 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּי־בֵ֭ן הָיִ֣יתִי לְ⁠אָבִ֑⁠י 1 **When** here indicates that what follows refers to the time when Solomon was a child and still lived under his father’s care. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father”
4:3 n5ke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys רַ֥ךְ וְ֝⁠יָחִ֗יד 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **tender** tells what the **only one** was like. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use **and**. Alternate translation: “the tender only one”\n
4:3 ev51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠יָחִ֗יד 1 Here, **only one** could mean: (1) he was his mother’s only child. Alternate translation: “and only child” (2) he was a unique child of his mother. Alternate translation: “and unique one”
4:3 wjy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לִ⁠פְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽ⁠י 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **mother** considering him to be **the tender and only one** as if he were **before** her **face**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “according to my mother” or “in my mother’s estimation”
4:4 yg9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וַ⁠יֹּרֵ֗⁠נִי 1 Here, **he** refers to Solomon’s father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST.
4:4 b7y3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4:4 w8fa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִֽתְמָךְ & לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of remembering **words** as if the **heart** were holding on tightly to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let your heart remember”
4:4 jcen rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy דְּבָרַ֥⁠י 1 See how you translated the similar use of **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
4:4 kgqa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מִצְוֺתַ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **commandments** in [2:1](../02/01.md).
4:4 f7zk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וֶֽ⁠חְיֵֽה 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you living”\n
4:5 ft42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns חָ֭כְמָה & בִינָ֑ה 1 See how you translated the abstract nouns **wisdom** and **understanding** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:5 m9r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 Here, the phrases **do not forget** and **do not veer from** are figures of speech that express strongly positive meanings by using a negative word, **not**, together with expressions that are the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meanings. Alternate translation: “remember and keep going in the direction of the sayings of my mouth”
4:5 l92p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if a person were not veering off of a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget and do not stop remembering the sayings of my mouth”
4:5 fb3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְ⁠אַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 Here, the terms **forget** and **veer** mean similar things. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “certainly do not forget the sayings of my mouth”
4:5 m3uv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מֵֽ⁠אִמְרֵי־פִֽ⁠י 1 Here, **mouth** represents Solomon’s father himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from my sayings”\n
4:6 vrf5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥⁠הָ 1 See how you translated **Do not forsake** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:6 xx1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠תִשְׁמְרֶ֑⁠ךָּ & וְ⁠תִצְּרֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Both occurrences of **and** in this verse indicate that what follows are the results of the phrases that precede them. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and it will result in her preserving you … and it will result in her guarding you”\n
4:6 zc73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥⁠הָ וְ⁠תִשְׁמְרֶ֑⁠ךָּ אֱהָבֶ֥⁠הָ וְ⁠תִצְּרֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In [4:6–9](../04/06.md) Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Do not forsake wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who preserves you; love wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who guards you”\n
4:7 zu2p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit רֵאשִׁ֣ית חָ֭כְמָה 1 Here, **beginning** could refer to: (1) the most important thing. Alternate translation: “the most important thing is wisdom” or “wisdom is supreme” (2) the foundation or basis of something, as it means in [1:7](../01/07.md). Alternate translation: “the foundation of wisdom” or “the prerequisite for acquiring wisdom”\n
4:7 guq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns קְנֵ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה & קְנֵ֣ה בִינָֽה 1 See how you translated these phrases in [4:5](../04/05.md).
4:7 qcf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־קִ֝נְיָנְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 The word **acquisition** here is singular in form, but it refers to all of a person’s possessions as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “And with all your acquisitions” or “And with everything that you acquire”
4:7 b9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וּ⁠בְ⁠כָל־קִ֝נְיָנְ⁠ךָ֗ 1 Here, **all your acquisition** implies the price of everything that someone has acquired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And with the price of all your acquisition” or “And with the price of all you possess”
4:8 pa2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification סַלְסְלֶ֥⁠הָ וּֽ⁠תְרוֹמְמֶ֑⁠ךָּ תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְ⁠ךָ כִּ֣י תְחַבְּקֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Cherish wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who raises you up; wisdom will be like a woman who honors you when you embrace her”
4:8 x13z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result סַלְסְלֶ֥⁠הָ וּֽ⁠תְרוֹמְמֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “If you cherish her, then she will raise you up” or “Cherish her and it will result in her raising you up”\n
4:8 k4fl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽ⁠תְרוֹמְמֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a wise person receiving honor as if wisdom were raising that person **up**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she will cause you to be honored”
4:8 oyxz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon implies that wisdom will cause people to **honor** the person who embraces **her**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she will cause people to honor you”
4:8 o4nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תְחַבְּקֶֽ⁠נָּה 1 Here, Solomon speaks of someone valuing wisdom as if he were embracing a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you value wisdom”
4:9 bft9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠ךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “She will give for your head a garland of grace; yes, with a crown of splendor she will cover you”
4:9 z38e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭⁠רֹאשְׁ⁠ךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a woman who gives a garland of grace for your head; wisdom will be like a woman who covers you with a crown of splendor”
4:9 beu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן 1 See how you translated this phrase in [1:9](../01/09.md).
4:9 z184 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a **crown** upon that person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom will cause people to honor you” or “wisdom will be like someone who puts a crown of splendor on your head”
4:9 py0o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **crown** that is characterized by **splendor**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with a splendorous crown”
4:10 p1f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom שְׁמַ֣ע 1 See how you translated the same use of **Hear** in [1:8](../01/08.md).
4:10 ucq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְ⁠יִרְבּ֥וּ 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then they will multiply” or “This will result in them multiplying”\n
4:10 l7bx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠יִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝⁠ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his **sayings** as if they were able to cause someone to live longer. He means that someone who obeys his **sayings** will live longer than if they did not do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and obey my sayings will multiply for you the years of life”
4:10 t094 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the **years** that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the years that you are alive”
4:11 h1ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **way** that is characterized by **wisdom**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the wise way”
4:11 zzp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה 1 Here, **the way** refers to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the wise behavior” or “how to behave wisely”\n
4:11 i8u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר 1 Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe **tracks** that are characterized by **uprightness**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “I caused you to tread in the upright tracks”
4:11 m6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗י⁠ךָ בְּ⁠מַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר 1 Here, Solomon refers to how people behave or live their lives as if they **tread** **in tracks** on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I caused you to behave uprightly”
4:12 xxp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּֽ֭⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠אִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “When you walk, your step will not be restricted; yes, if you run, you will not stumble”
4:12 dnyj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּֽ֭⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑⁠ךָ וְ⁠אִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל 1 In this verse, Solomon refers to what people do as if they were walking or running along paths, and he refers to their success in what they do as if the paths were free of obstacles that might make the person **stumble**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do something, you will not be hindered; and if you attempt to do something, you will not fail”
4:12 e986 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר & לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech in these two phrases that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will be free … you will keep going”
4:13 d7gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הַחֲזֵ֣ק בַּ⁠מּוּסָ֣ר אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person remembering **instruction** as if it were an object that the person could **grasp** and **not let go** of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated **grasp** in [3:18](../03/18.md). Alternate translation: “Keep on remembering instruction, do not forget it”
4:13 o3nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns בַּ⁠מּוּסָ֣ר 1 See how you translated the abstract noun **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
4:13 b1b6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף 1 Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “keep holding on to it”
4:13 vymy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֝צְּרֶ֗⁠הָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **instruction** as if it were an object that someone should **guard**. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of **guard** in [3:21](../03/21.md). Alternate translation: “remember to practice it”\n
4:13 ljf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy הִ֥יא חַיֶּֽי⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of **instruction** preserving a person’s **life** as if it were that person’s **life** itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will preserve your life”
4:14 hyi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism בְּ⁠אֹ֣רַח רְ֭שָׁעִים אַל־תָּבֹ֑א וְ⁠אַל־תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗ר בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ רָעִֽים 1 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the path of wicked ones do not go, yes, do not advance on the way of evil ones”
4:14 gi8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor בְּ⁠אֹ֣רַח & בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ 1 See how you translated the similar use of “paths” and “ways” in [3:6](../03/06.md).
4:15 cr8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פְּרָעֵ֥⁠הוּ & בּ֑⁠וֹ & מֵ⁠עָלָ֣י⁠ו 1 In this verse, the pronoun **it** refers to “the way of evil ones” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Avoid the way of evil ones … that way … from that evil way”
4:15 hi51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פְּרָעֵ֥⁠הוּ אַל־תַּעֲבָר־בּ֑⁠וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵ⁠עָלָ֣י⁠ו וַ⁠עֲבֽוֹר 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of behaving wickedly as if it were a path that people could **pass through**, **veer from**, and **pass on**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting evilly, do not try it; completely avoid doing evil and do not even think about it”
4:16 w2ac rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֤י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows are reasons why someone should avoid doing **evil**, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because”\n
4:16 vx6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽ⁠נִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗⁠ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the wicked people mentioned in [4:14](../04/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “wicked ones do not sleep if they do not do evil and the sleep of wicked ones is robbed if those wicked ones do not cause stumbling”
4:16 n1jz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽ⁠נִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗⁠ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ 1 In these two clauses, Solomon exaggerates to express how intensely these wicked people desire to do evil actions. Solomon did not mean that these people really did not **sleep** without doing **evil**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “they desire to do evil so much that it is as if they cannot sleep unless they have done evil”
4:16 md91 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְֽ⁠נִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗⁠ם 1 Here, Solomon is speaking of not being able to **sleep** as if **sleep** were an object that someone could be **robbed** of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they are not able to sleep”
4:16 bvp7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to **stumble**. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if they do not harm someone”
4:17 ld87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result כִּ֣י 1 **For** here indicates that what follows are more reasons why someone should avoid doing evil, as commanded in [4:15](../04/15.md). Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because”
4:17 w41y rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns לָ֭חֲמוּ & יִשְׁתּֽוּ 1 In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the wicked people mentioned in [4:14](../04/14.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked ones eat … wicked ones drink”\n
4:17 vfi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לָ֭חֲמוּ לֶ֣חֶם רֶ֑שַׁע וְ⁠יֵ֖ין חֲמָסִ֣ים יִשְׁתּֽוּ 1 These two clauses could mean: (1) these wicked people do acts of **wickedness** and **violence** as regularly as they **eat bread** and **drink wine**. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these wicked people do acts of **wickedness** and **violence** in order to get their **bread** and **wine**. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and they drink wine that they obtain through violent acts”
4:18 w7hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ⁠אֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים 1 Here, **path** could refer to: (1) the things that people experience during their lives. Alternate translation: “But what the righteous ones experience” (2) how people behave, as it does in [1:15](../01/15.md). Alternate translation: “But the lifestyle of the righteous ones”
4:18 y8l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּ⁠א֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ 1 Here, **the light of brightness** refers to the first sunlight that appears in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like the light of dawn” or “is like the first sunlight in the morning”
4:18 etf9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כְּ⁠א֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ 1 Here, Solomon compares **the path of the righteous ones** to **the light** that appears at sunrise. He means that **righteous** people are safe because they understand what God wants them to do during their lives, just like people can walk safely on a path because **the light** enables them to see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is safe”
4:18 jv88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝⁠א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַ⁠יּֽוֹם 1 The phrase **the day is established** refers to the time of **day** when the sun shines the brightest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “going and shining until the sun shines the brightest” or “going and shining brighter until full daylight”
4:18 i5k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝⁠א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַ⁠יּֽוֹם 1 Here, Solomon continues the comparison of **the path of the righteous ones** to **the light** at sunrise. Just like the sunlight shines increasingly brighter from sunrise until the middle of the day, so also **the righteous ones** will be safer and safer as they understand more and more of how God wants them to live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “increasing in safety until they are completely safe”
4:19 bqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דֶּ֣רֶךְ 1 Here, **way** has the same meaning as “path” in the previous verse. See how you translated “path” there.
4:19 mj9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כָּֽ⁠אֲפֵלָ֑ה 1 Here, Solomon compares the **way of the wicked ones** to **darkness**. He means that the wicked people are always in danger, just like people who walk in darkness are in danger because they cannot see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is dangerous”
4:19 m9yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּ⁠מֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people experiencing harm as if they were stumbling over an object in the path they were walking on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm”
4:20 x1dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism לִ⁠דְבָרַ֣⁠י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָ⁠ה לַ֝⁠אֲמָרַ֗⁠י הַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my words, yes, incline your ear to my sayings”
4:20 w8jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִ⁠דְבָרַ֣⁠י 1 See how you translated **my words** in [1:23](../01/23.md).
4:20 kji2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הַט־אָזְנֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 The phrase **incline your ear** is an idiom that refers to listening carefully to what someone is saying as if the listener was turning his **ear** toward the person speaking. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen carefully”\n
4:21 zdv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אַל־יַלִּ֥יזוּ מֵ⁠עֵינֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated this clause in [3:21](../03/21.md).
4:21 cb9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4:21 a189 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗⁠ם בְּ⁠ת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of remembering something as if someone were keeping it **in the midst of** his **heart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always remember them”
4:22 ihlw rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הֵ֭ם לְ⁠מֹצְאֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 In this verse, the pronouns **they** and **them** refer to the “sayings” mentioned in [4:20](../04/20.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my sayings … to those who find my sayings”
4:22 jnu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חַיִּ֣ים הֵ֭ם לְ⁠מֹצְאֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were the lives of those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will preserve their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they preserve the life of those who find them” or “they cause those who find them to keep living”
4:22 lby5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לְ⁠מֹצְאֵי⁠הֶ֑ם 1 Here, Solomon speaks of people remembering his sayings as if those people have found them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to those who remember them”
4:22 rxml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וּֽ⁠לְ⁠כָל־בְּשָׂר֥⁠וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא 1 Here, Solomon uses the word **flesh** to refer to a person’s whole body, which is made of flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and healing to all of his body”\n
4:22 hqbe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations בְּשָׂר֥⁠וֹ 1 Although **his** is masculine, here it refers to anyone who remembers Solomon’s sayings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person’s flesh”
4:22 d57y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּֽ⁠לְ⁠כָל־בְּשָׂר֥⁠וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא 1 Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were **healing** for those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will have healthy bodies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they preserve their health” or “and they cause their bodies to stay healthy”
4:23 tgel rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נְצֹ֣ר לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of a person being careful of what he thinks in his **heart** as if his **heart** were an object that could be guarded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protect what you think in your heart”
4:23 pf19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לִבֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **heart** in [2:2](../02/02.md).
4:23 klv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מִֽ⁠כָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “more than all that you protect”
4:23 orad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִֽ⁠כָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר 1 This phrase is an idiom that means “with all diligence.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “with utmost diligence”\n
4:23 n8vd rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns מִ֝מֶּ֗⁠נּוּ 1 Here, **it** refers to the **heart**, which refers to a person’s mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from your heart” or “from your mind”
4:23 gmwo rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מִ֝מֶּ֗⁠נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים 1 Here, Solomon speaks of the influence that a person’s **heart** has over what happens in that person’s life as if the **heart** were **sources** that produce **life**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from your heart comes what will direct your life” or “your mind determines what your life will be like”
4:24 jv11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perversity of mouth, yes, the deviousness of lips put far away from you”\n
4:24 a2sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 The phrases **perversity of mouth** and **deviousness of lips** both refer to someone using his **mouth** or **lips** to speak deceitfully. If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use idioms from your language that do have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perverse speech, and devious speech put far away from you”
4:24 tdwn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּ⁠ךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּ⁠לְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽ⁠ךָּ 1 In this verse, Solomon speaks of **perversity of mouth** and **the deviousness of lips** as if they were objects that someone could **Remove** or **put far away**. He means that a person should not speak deceitfully. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak perversely, and do not speak deviously”
4:25 d1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism עֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Cause your eyes to gaze to the front, yes, cause your eyelids to be straight in front of you”
4:25 il8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 In this verse, **eyes** and **eyelids** represent the person who is looking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Cause yourself to gaze to the front, and cause yourself to look straight in front of you”
4:25 wkv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֵ֭ינֶי⁠ךָ לְ⁠נֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝⁠עַפְעַפֶּ֗י⁠ךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽ⁠ךָ 1 In these two clauses, Solomon speaks of committing oneself to behaving wisely and righteously as if those qualities were always **in front** of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself focused on doing what is right, and keep looking ahead to what is good”
4:26 mnhf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor פַּ֭לֵּס 1 Here, Solomon speaks of being careful as if someone were making the ground in front of them flat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be careful with” or “Take heed to”
4:26 nt2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here the word **foot** represents the whole person who is walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your track”
4:26 g2a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **track** refers to how someone behaves. See how you translated the same use of **track** in [2:9](../02/09.md).
4:26 uxsk rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result וְֽ⁠כָל 1 Here, **and** introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then all” or “This will result in all”\n
4:26 xyn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּרָכֶ֥י⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same use of **ways** in [3:6](../03/06.md).
4:26 gbd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִכֹּֽנוּ 1 Here, Solomon speaks of person’s life being successful as if that person were walking safely on solid ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be successful”
4:27 h89u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול 1 Here, Solomon uses **right** and **left** to refer to going in any direction other than straight ahead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not go in any direction other than straight ahead”
4:27 vmyt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּ⁠שְׂמֹ֑אול הָסֵ֖ר רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 In this verse, Solomon continues to make an extended comparison between how a person behaves and a person walking on a path that he should not **veer** or **turn away from**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop behaving rightly, make yourself avoid doing evil”
4:27 j3tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche רַגְלְ⁠ךָ֣ 1 See how you translated the same use of **foot** in the previous verse.
4:27 jh5o rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns מֵ⁠רָֽע 1 See how you translated **from evil** in [3:7](../03/07.md).
5:intro jxf1 0 # Proverbs 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
5:1 vi27 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
5:1 nl9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche incline your ears 0 Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:2 cei4 discretion 0 Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
@ -362,7 +536,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
5:22 he5d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the cords of his sin will hold him tight 0 The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap”
5:23 x16k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he is led astray by his great foolishness 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray”
5:23 n1a7 by his great foolishness 0 Alternate translation: “because he is very foolish”
6:intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThe latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n### Numbers\n\nOccasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as types\n\nThe gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
6:intro xq95 0 # Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThe latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n### Numbers\n\nOccasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as types\n\nThe gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
6:1 sb1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit set aside your money 0 Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money”
6:1 z256 a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan 0 This could mean: (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
6:1 p3wd neighbor 0 This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
@ -452,7 +626,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
6:35 b2ym compensation 0 payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
6:35 fly2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he cannot be bought off 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind”
6:35 pc8x off, though 0 Alternate translation: “off. This will be true even if”
7:intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nMany of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
7:intro pk5f 0 # Proverbs 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\r\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\r\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\r\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\r\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\r\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\r\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\r\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\r\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\r\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\r\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nMany of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
7:1 at6w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor keep my words 0 Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words”
7:1 k635 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor store up my commands within yourself 0 Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands”
7:2 a8m4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor keep my instruction 0 Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions”
@ -505,7 +679,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
7:27 g21s Her house is on the paths to Sheol … they go down 0 Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
7:27 ry42 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism on the paths to Sheol … down to the dark bedrooms of death 0 These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman’s victims will be destroyed.
7:27 prr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the dark bedrooms of death 0 This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol.
8:intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5–7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
8:intro z8jj 0 # Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5–7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
8:1 qsc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 # General Information:\n\nIn chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
8:1 v9h5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does not Wisdom call out? 0 This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out”
8:1 i9hu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Does not Wisdom call out? 0 Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?”
@ -585,7 +759,7 @@ front:intro spe4 0 # Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduct
8:36 hfn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification hate me 0 This is still wisdom talking about herself.
8:36 yl6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he who fails 0 The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me”
8:36 w73k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his own life 0 Here “life” represents the person’s self.
9:intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
9:intro y75r 0 # Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n * Wisdom prevents people from committing crime or adultery (2:1–22)\n * Humbly trust Yahweh (3:1–12)\n * The value of wisdom (3:13–20)\n * Do not act wickedly (3:21–35)\n * Wisdom will benefit you (4:1–9)\n * Behave wisely and avoid those who do not (4:10–19)\n * Live righteously (4:20–27)\n * Avoid temptation to commit adultery (5:1–23)\n * Practical warnings (6:1–19)\n * Adultery will be punished (6:20–35)\n * The Story of an Adulterer (7:1–27)\n * Wisdom benefits the wise (8:1–36)\n * Wisdom and folly (9:1–18)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
9:1 m12a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people.
9:1 s64d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Wisdom has built 0 The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house.
9:2 x5sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy She has slaughtered her animals 0 This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

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