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@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
5:26 w6jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile כַּ⁠עֲל֖וֹת גָּדִ֣ישׁ בְּ⁠עִתּֽ⁠וֹ 1 The point of this comparison is that when Job’s time comes to die, he will have lived a full and rewarding life, just as a **stack of grain** that is harvested **in its time** is ripe and fully developed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “mature and accomplished, like grain that is harvested at the peak of ripeness”
5:27 uwj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive חֲקַרְנ֥וּ⁠הָ 1 By **We**, Eliphaz means himself and other wise people but not Job, to whom he is speaking, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
5:27 j181 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אַתָּ֥ה דַֽע 1 For emphasis, Eliphaz is stating the pronoun **you**, whose meaning is already present in the word translated **know**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “and know it certainly”
6:intro r7kh 0 # Job 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair and to show that he is upset with his friends, people who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nJob often uses the question form in this chapter to make emphatic statements or exclamations. This emphasis helps strengthen Job’s response to Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### plural “you”\n\nBeginning in verse 21, Job addresses his friends directly. So when he uses the word **you** from that verse to the end of the chapter, the word is plural. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
6:intro r7kh 0 # Job 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the beginning of Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Metaphors\n\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair and to show that he is upset with his friends, people who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n\nIn verses 16–20, Job develops the image of his friends being like a stream of water that runs dry. Since Job explains the meaning of the image again in verse 21, you do not need to explain it in your translation in verses 16–20.\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nJob often uses the question form in this chapter to make emphatic statements or exclamations. This emphasis helps strengthen Job’s response to Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### plural “you”\n\nBeginning in verse 21, Job addresses his friends directly. So when he uses the word **you** from that verse to the end of the chapter, the word is plural. Use the plural form in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
6:2 j183 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ל֗וּ שָׁק֣וֹל יִשָּׁקֵ֣ל כַּעְשִׂ֑⁠י וְ֝הַוָּתִ֗י בְּֽ⁠מֹאזְנַ֥יִם יִשְׂאוּ־יָֽחַד 1 Job is speaking as if his **anguish** and **calamity** could literally be **weighed**. He means that he wishes he could prove that his calamity is so great that it justifies the anguish he is feeling and has been expressing. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I wish I could prove that my calamity warrants the amount of anguish that I am feeling and showing”
6:2 use6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ל֗וּ שָׁק֣וֹל יִשָּׁקֵ֣ל כַּעְשִׂ֑⁠י וְ֝הַוָּתִ֗י בְּֽ⁠מֹאזְנַ֥יִם יִשְׂאוּ־יָֽחַד 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If only someone would weigh my anguish thoroughly and lay my calamity in the balances”
6:2 cqr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown ל֗וּ שָׁק֣וֹל יִשָּׁקֵ֣ל כַּעְשִׂ֑⁠י וְ֝הַוָּתִ֗י בְּֽ⁠מֹאזְנַ֥יִם יִשְׂאוּ־יָֽחַד 1 The word **balances** describes an instrument for determining the weight of an object or comparing the weight of two objects. It consists of a central post with a crossbar from which two pans are hung. An object may be placed in one pan and known weights placed in the other pan until the crossbar remains level, meaning that both pans contain an equal weight. Or one object may be placed in one pan and a different object in the other pan; the pan that hangs lower contains the heavier object. If your readers would not be familiar with what **balances** are, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable object in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “If only someone would weigh both my anguish and my calamity on a scale”
@ -430,8 +430,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
6:15 p13y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile בָּגְד֣וּ כְמוֹ־נָ֑חַל 1 The point of this comparison is that just as a **seasonal stream** would appear to be a good source of water but then fail in the dry season, so Job’s friends seemingly came to offer encouragement, but they have provided none. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “have dealt treacherously by seeming to offer encouragement but then not offering any, like a seasonal stream that seems to offer water but then fails in the dry season”
6:15 j209 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom כַּ⁠אֲפִ֖יק נְחָלִ֣ים יַעֲבֹֽרוּ 1 In this context, the expression **pass away** means to dry up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a channel of seasonal streams, they dry up” or “like a channel of seasonal streams, you dry up”
6:15 l6xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כַּ⁠אֲפִ֖יק נְחָלִ֣ים יַעֲבֹֽרוּ 1 Job is speaking as if his friends literally **pass away** or dry up the way a desert stream does. He means that in the end, they fail to provide the encouragement that they implicitly promised by coming to see him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “They have no help to offer in the end, like a channel for seasonal streams that runs dry” or “You have no help to offer in the end, like a channel for seasonal streams that runs dry”
6:16-20 j210 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo 0 In verses 16–20, Job develops the image of his friends being like a stream of water that runs dry. Since Job explains the meaning of the image again in verse 21, you do not need to explain it in your translation in verses 16–20.
6:16-17 j211 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge 0 In this verse, Job describes the state of desert streams in the cold season, and in the next verse, he contrasts that with the state of the streams in the hot season. To show this contrast, you could create a verse bridge for verses 16–17. It might say something like this: “In the cold season, these streams are dark from ice over their channel, indeed, snow covers that channel. But in the hot season, the streams go dry and vanish, the heat dries them up completely”
6:16 j211 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-versebridge 0 In this verse, Job describes the state of desert streams in the cold season, and in the next verse, he contrasts that with the state of the streams in the hot season. To show this contrast, you could create a verse bridge for verses 16–17. It might say something like this: “In the cold season, these streams are dark from ice over their channel, indeed, snow covers that channel. But in the hot season, the streams go dry and vanish, the heat dries them up completely”
6:16 pnp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns הַ⁠קֹּדְרִ֥ים מִנִּי־קָ֑רַח עָ֝לֵ֗י⁠מוֹ יִתְעַלֶּם־שָֽׁלֶג 1 The pronoun **it** refers in both cases to the “channel” of streams that Job described in the previous verse. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers, and it may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “These streams are dark from ice over their channel; that channel hides itself with snow”
6:16 cq2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִתְעַלֶּם־שָֽׁלֶג 1 Job is speaking as if a channel of desert streams were a living thing that **hides itself with snow** in the winter. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “snow covers this channel”
6:17 z6dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִצְמָ֑תוּ & נִדְעֲכ֥וּ מִ⁠מְּקוֹמָֽ⁠ם 1 If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the dryness annihilates them … the heat exterminates them”
@ -876,7 +875,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
12:8 g5xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification א֤וֹ שִׂ֣יחַ לָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ וְ⁠תֹרֶ֑⁠ךָּ וִֽ⁠יסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝⁠ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 Job is continuing to speak as if Zophar could literally have a conversation with the **earth** and with **fish**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you could actually speak to the earth, it would teach you. If you could have a conversation with the fish of the sea, they would recount to you”
12:8 j388 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠תֹרֶ֑⁠ךָּ וִֽ⁠יסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝⁠ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 Once again Job means implicitly that the **earth** and the **fish** would **teach** and **recount** God’s ways. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and it will teach you God’s ways; the fish of the sea will recount God’s ways to you”
12:8 bjf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis וִֽ⁠יסַפְּר֥וּ לְ֝⁠ךָ֗ דְּגֵ֣י הַ⁠יָּֽם 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “or ask the fish of the sea, and they will recount to you”
12:9 hu2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּ⁠כָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת\n\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “All of these know that the hand of Yahweh has done this!”
12:9 hu2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּ⁠כָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “All of these know that the hand of Yahweh has done this!”
12:9 j389 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּ⁠כָל־אֵ֑לֶּה 1 Job is speaking of the creatures he described in the previous two verses as if they could **know** what Yahweh has done. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Which of all these creatures could not tell you, if you could actually have a conversation with them,”
12:9 tht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת 1 Here, **hand** represents the power and control that someone has over something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has done this by his own power”
12:9 j390 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת 1 In context, the word **this** likely refers to the misfortune that Job is suffering. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “has caused my misfortune”
@ -961,7 +960,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
13:14 j414 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣⁠י בְ⁠שִׁנָּ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if he were literally taking (that is, carrying) his own **flesh** in his **teeth**. The image seems to be that of an animal carrying in its mouth prey that it has caught and killed. Until the animal is able to bring the prey safely into its den, the prey is vulnerable and there is a risk that another animal will come and take it. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Why do I put my flesh at risk”
13:14 j415 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche עַל־מָ֤ה ׀ אֶשָּׂ֣א בְשָׂרִ֣⁠י בְ⁠שִׁנָּ֑⁠י 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **flesh**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Why am I putting myself at risk”
13:14 j416 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠נַפְשִׁ֗⁠י אָשִׂ֥ים בְּ⁠כַפִּֽ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if he is literally holding his **life** in his **hands**, where once again it would be vulnerable, as in the preceding image in this verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and jeopardize my life”
13:15 j417 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical יִ֭קְטְלֵ⁠נִי ל֣וֹ אֲיַחֵ֑ל 1 Job is using the statement form to describe a conditional relationship, that is, to say what he would do if God did a specific thing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “even if he kills me, I will still hope in him”
13:15 j417 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical יִ֭קְטְלֵ⁠נִי ל֣וֹ אֲיַחֵ֑ל 1 Job is using the statement form to describe a conditional relationship, that is, to say what he would do if God did a specific thing. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “even if he kills me, I will still hope in him”
13:15 j418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּ֝רָכַ֗⁠י 1 Job is speaking of how he has been living as if he had been walking along certain **ways** or paths. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my conduct”
13:15 j419 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אֶל־פָּנָ֥י⁠ו 1 Here the word **face** represents the presence of a person by association with the way people can see the face of someone who is present. Alternate translation: “in his presence”
13:16 e8gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns גַּם־הוּא־לִ֥⁠י לִֽ⁠ישׁוּעָ֑ה 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **salvation**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “This is what will actually save me”
@ -1137,7 +1136,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
15:21 j476 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שׁוֹדֵ֥ד יְבוֹאֶֽ⁠נּוּ 1 Eliphaz is describing how the wicked experience the destruction and loss of their property, and he is speaking of that destruction as if it were a living thing that **comes upon** the wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his property is suddenly destroyed” or “he suddenly loses his property”
15:22 i3pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ין שׁ֭וּב מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if this wicked person has literally gone to a place where there is **darkness** and as if that wicked person does not believe that he can **return** from there. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He does not believe that his troubles will ever end”
15:22 j477 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives לֹא־יַאֲמִ֣ין שׁ֭וּב מִנִּי־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this with a positive expression. Alternate translation: “He believes that he will always have troubles”
15:22 j478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְצָפ֖וּי ה֣וּא אֱלֵי־חָֽרֶב\n \n\n 1 It is possible that this second part of the verse also describes what wicked people **believe**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he is afraid that he is selected for the sword”
15:22 j478 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְצָפ֖וּי ה֣וּא אֱלֵי־חָֽרֶב\n 1 It is possible that this second part of the verse also describes what wicked people **believe**. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he is afraid that he is selected for the sword”
15:22 j479 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive וְצָפ֖וּי ה֣וּא אֱלֵי־חָֽרֶב 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and God has selected him for the sword” or “and God has determined that someone will kill him with a sword”
15:22 lh1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy חָֽרֶב 1 Eliphaz is using one kind of deadly weapon, the **sword**, by association to mean violent death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “violent death”
15:23 j480 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes נֹ֘דֵ֤ד ה֣וּא לַ⁠לֶּ֣חֶם אַיֵּ֑ה 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “He is wandering for bread, asking where it is” or “He is wandering for bread, wondering where he will find it”
@ -1167,7 +1166,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
15:30 a9ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠יָס֗וּר בְּ⁠ר֣וּחַ פִּֽי⁠ו 1 Eliphaz is speaking as if a hot wind that dried up plants were actually **breath** from God’s **mouth**. (The same image appears elsewhere in the Bible, for example, in [Isaiah 40:7](../isa/40/07.md), “The grass withers, the flower wilts, for the breath of Yahweh blows on it.”) If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, God will destroy him”
15:30 j489 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns פִּֽי⁠ו 1 The pronoun **his** refers to God. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “God’s mouth”
15:30 rxv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism וְ֝⁠יָס֗וּר 1 Eliphaz is using the word **depart** to mean “die.” This is a mild way of referring to death. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “and he will pass away” or “and he will die”
15:31 lr37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אַל־יַאֲמֵ֣ן ב⁠שו נִתְעָ֑ה\n\n 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **emptiness** and **recompense**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Let him not trust in things that have no value… for in return he will receive things that have no value”
15:31 lr37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אַל־יַאֲמֵ֣ן ב⁠שו נִתְעָ֑ה\n 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **emptiness** and **recompense**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Let him not trust in things that have no value… for in return he will receive things that have no value”
15:32 j490 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בְּֽ⁠לֹא־י֭וֹמ⁠וֹ 1 Eliphaz assumes that Job will understand that by **his day**, he means the day for the wicked to die. You could say that explicitly if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “When it is not his day to die” or “Before the time would have come for him to die”
15:32 j491 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive תִּמָּלֵ֑א 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “this will happen”
15:32 s26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝⁠כִפָּת֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א רַעֲנָֽנָה 1 Eliphaz is continuing the image from the previous verse of the wicked person being like a plant or bush. He is speaking of this plant or bush being alive by association with the way that its branches would be **green** inside if it were alive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, he will die”
@ -1447,7 +1446,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
20:intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the second speech of Job’s friend Zophar. In this chapter, Zophar speaks more strongly to Job than he did the first time spoke to him.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Zophar answering Job with his own words\n\nIn [7:8](../07/08.md), as Job was appealing to God, he said, “The eye of the one seeing me will not regard me; your eyes will be on me, but I will not exist.” Zophar says in [20:9](../20/09.md) about the wicked person, “The eye that saw him will not continue.” Job said in [7:10](../01/01.md) of himself as a mortal person, “He will not return again to his house, and his place will not know him again.” Zophar says of the wicked person in [20:9](../01/01.md), “his place will no longer observe him.” In both instances Zophar is suggesting that Job himself is a wicked person, using Job’s own words.\n\nSimilarly, Zophar says in [20:27](../20/27.md) of the wicked person that “the heavens will reveal his iniquity, and the earth will raise itself up against him” as a witness. In [16:18](../16/18.md), Job called upon the earth to see that he received justice, and in [16:19](../16/19.md), Job said that he had an advocate in the heavens. So Zophar is likely answering Job once again in his own words, implying that Job himself is a wicked person of the type that he has been describing in his speech.\n\nTo help your readers appreciate how Zophar is answering Job with his own words, you may wish to translate what Zophar says in these instances similarly to the way you translated what Job said earlier.\n\n### Indelicate images that Zophar uses\n\nAs noted above, Zophar speaks strongly to Job in this speech. He uses a couple of images drawn from bodily functions that people in your culture might consider indelicate to include in a Bible translation. If so, you could use comparable images. Zophar says in [20:7](../20/07.md) of the wicked person, “he will perish forever like his dung.” You could refer to something else that disappears completely, saying, for example, “he will perish forever like the dust that the wind blows away.” Zophar says of the wicked person in [20:15](../20/15.md), “He swallows wealth, but he will vomit it.” You might say instead something such as, “Though he may become rich, he will lose all his money.”
20:2 j583 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases לָ֭⁠כֵן 1 Zophar is using the word **Therefore** to introduce the reason he is about to give for why he is speaking to Job again. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “This is why”
20:2 eef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification שְׂעִפַּ֣⁠י יְשִׁיב֑וּ⁠נִי 1 Zophar is speaking of his **thoughts** as if they were a living thing that could **turn** him **back**, that is, make him turn around and return to Job as if he had left him. He means that he wants to speak to Job again and share what he is thinking in response to what Job has just said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I need to speak to you again and tell you what I am thinking”
20:2 wy6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וּ֝⁠בַ⁠עֲב֗וּר ח֣וּשִׁ⁠י בִֽ⁠י׃\n\n 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “because I feel such urgency”
20:2 wy6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitinfo וּ֝⁠בַ⁠עֲב֗וּר ח֣וּשִׁ⁠י בִֽ⁠י\n 1 It might seem that this expression contains extra information that would be unnatural to express in your language. If so, you can shorten it. Alternate translation: “because I feel such urgency”
20:3 m5c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession מוּסַ֣ר כְּלִמָּתִ֣⁠י 1 Zophar is using this possessive form to describe a **rebuke** that he feels has brought **dishonor** to him. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “a rebuke that dishonors me”
20:3 pk2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ֝⁠ר֗וּחַ מִֽ⁠בִּינָתִ֥⁠י יַעֲנֵֽ⁠נִי 1 Zophar is speaking as if there were a **spirit** in his **understanding** that could **answer** him, that is, show him how to respond to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but I have had a good idea that enables me to understand how I should respond”
20:4 um5p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הֲ⁠זֹ֣את יָ֭דַעְתָּ מִנִּי־עַ֑ד מִנִּ֤י שִׂ֖ים אָדָ֣ם עֲלֵי־אָֽרֶץ 1 Zophar is using the question form for emphasis. (The question continues into the next verse.) If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely you are aware of this from long ago, from the placing of man upon the earth”
@ -1525,7 +1524,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
20:26 j614 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יֵ֖רַע שָׂרִ֣יד בְּ⁠אָהֳלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Zophar is continuing to speak as if **fire** were literally going to **consume** this wicked person and his possessions. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, God will completely destroy everything in his tent, leaving nothing”
20:26 j615 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יֵ֖רַע שָׂרִ֣יד בְּ⁠אָהֳלֽ⁠וֹ 1 Zophar is using one possession of this wicked person, the **tent** in which he lives, to mean all of his possessions. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yes, God will completely destroy all of his possessions, leaving nothing”
20:27 v1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יְגַלּ֣וּ שָׁמַ֣יִם עֲוֺנ֑⁠וֹ וְ֝⁠אֶ֗רֶץ מִתְקוֹמָ֘מָ֥ה לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Zophar is speaking as if the **heavens** and the **earth** were living things that could testify against this wicked person. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “If the sky could speak, it would testify that it had observed his iniquity; if the earth could speak, it would raise itself up against him”
20:27 j616 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-explicit וְ֝⁠אֶ֗רֶץ מִתְקוֹמָ֘מָ֥ה לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Zophar means that the earth would **raise itself up**, that is, stand up, against this wicked person in order to bring charges against him or to serve as a witness in a legal proceeding. In this culture, in order to begin a case against someone, a person would stand up among those who had gathered in the public square. Someone who had evidence to bring in such a proceeding would similarly stand up. Either way, the earth, Zophar says, would testify that the wicked person was guilty. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and the earth will stand and bring charges against him” or “and the earth will stand and be a witness against him”
20:27 j616 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ֝⁠אֶ֗רֶץ מִתְקוֹמָ֘מָ֥ה לֽ⁠וֹ 1 Zophar means that the earth would **raise itself up**, that is, stand up, against this wicked person in order to bring charges against him or to serve as a witness in a legal proceeding. In this culture, in order to begin a case against someone, a person would stand up among those who had gathered in the public square. Someone who had evidence to bring in such a proceeding would similarly stand up. Either way, the earth, Zophar says, would testify that the wicked person was guilty. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “and the earth will stand and bring charges against him” or “and the earth will stand and be a witness against him”
20:28 j617 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification יִ֭גֶל יְב֣וּל בֵּית֑⁠וֹ 1 Zophar is speaking of the **wealth** that the wicked person has in his **house** as if it were a living thing that could **depart**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will lose the wealth that is in his house”
20:28 j618 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor נִ֝גָּר֗וֹת 1 Zophar is speaking as if the wicked person’s **wealth** were a liquid that could literally be **flowing away**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “vanishing” or “being destroyed”
20:28 j620 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ⁠י֣וֹם אַפּֽ⁠וֹ 1 While God would punish the wicked person on a specific **day**, Zophar is using the term **day** to refer to a specific time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time when God angrily punishes him”
@ -1577,7 +1576,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
21:14 j646 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ס֣וּר מִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ 1 The wicked people are speaking as if they wanted God literally to **turn away** from them. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not be concerned with us”
21:14 j647 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠דַ֥עַת דְּ֝רָכֶ֗י⁠ךָ לֹ֣א חָפָֽצְנוּ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **knowledge**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for we do not want to know your ways”
21:14 fm9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor דְּ֝רָכֶ֗י⁠ךָ 1 The wicked people are speaking of how God wants people to live as if that were a series of **ways** or paths that God wanted people to walk along. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “how you want people to live”
21:15 j648 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes Who {is} Shaddai, that we should serve him? And how will we profit, that we should pray to him?’ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could continue to translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “They ask who Shaddai is, that they should serve him, and how they would profit, that they should pray to him”
21:15 j648 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes מַה־שַׁדַּ֥י כִּֽי־נַֽעַבְדֶ֑⁠נּוּ וּ⁠מַה־נּ֝וֹעִ֗יל כִּ֣י נִפְגַּע־בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could continue to translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “They ask who Shaddai is, that they should serve him, and how they would profit, that they should pray to him”
21:15 j649 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person מַה־שַׁדַּ֥י כִּֽי־נַֽעַבְדֶ֑⁠נּוּ וּ⁠מַה־נּ֝וֹעִ֗יל כִּ֣י נִפְגַּע־בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Job is continuing to quote what wicked people say. The wicked people may no longer be speaking “to God,” as in the previous verse, but speaking about God. Alternatively, they may be speaking to God but using the third person. You might choose to translate this in the second person. Alternate translation: “Who are you, Shaddai, that we should serve you? And how will we profit, that we should pray to you?”
21:15 k5g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־שַׁדַּ֥י כִּֽי־נַֽעַבְדֶ֑⁠נּוּ וּ⁠מַה־נּ֝וֹעִ֗יל כִּ֣י נִפְגַּע־בּֽ⁠וֹ 1 The wicked people are using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Shaddai is not important, so we do not have to serve him! It would not benefit us, so we do not have to pray to him!”
21:16 ke4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations הֵ֤ן לֹ֣א בְ⁠יָדָ֣⁠ם טוּבָ֑⁠ם עֲצַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים רָ֣חֲקָה מֶֽ⁠נִּי 1 Job is making two statements in this verse that express strong feelings. In the previous verse, he described how wicked people say that they do not need to pray to God because that would not benefit them. In his first statement here, he insists in response that any benefit or **prosperity** that the wicked enjoy is something that God has generously given to them even though they do not deserve it. In his second statement, Job reacts strongly against the **counsel** or advice that he said wicked people give themselves, that they should not serve Shaddai or pray to him. The ULT places exclamation marks at the end of these sentences to show that they communicate strong emotion. In your translation, use your own language’s way of showing that.
@ -1598,7 +1597,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
21:19 j654 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם אֵלָ֣י⁠ו וְ⁠יֵדָֽע 1 The first instance of **him** refers to God, while the second instance of **him** and the word **he** refer to a wicked person. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Let God repay to the wicked person, and that person will know”
21:19 j655 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם אֵלָ֣י⁠ו 1 Here the word **repay** has the sense of “punish.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let God punish him”
21:19 iyl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠יֵדָֽע 1 Job means implicitly that if God would **repay** or punish the wicked person, then that person would **know** that he was guilty of sinning. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and he will know that he is guilty of sinning”
21:20 j2ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יִרְא֣וּ עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑⁠וֹ\n \n\n 1 Job is using one part of the wicked person, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let him see his own destruction”
21:20 j2ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יִרְא֣וּ עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑⁠וֹ\n 1 Job is using one part of the wicked person, his **eyes**, to mean all of him in the act of seeing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let him see his own destruction”
21:20 wq4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠מֵ⁠חֲמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יִשְׁתֶּֽה 1 Job is speaking as if **the wrath of Shaddai** were a liquid that a wicked person could literally **drink**. He means that he wishes that wicked people would experience that wrath. Alternate translation: “and let him experience the wrath of Shaddai” or “and let Shaddai punish him in his wrath”
21:21 j656 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases כִּ֤י 1 Job is using the word **For** to introduce the reason why he said in the previous two verses that God should punish wicked people themselves rather than their children. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Let the wicked person himself suffer, for”
21:21 vtu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַה־חֶפְצ֣⁠וֹ בְּ⁠בֵית֣⁠וֹ אַחֲרָ֑י⁠ו וּ⁠מִסְפַּ֖ר חֳדָשָׁ֣י⁠ו חֻצָּֽצוּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “he has no interest in his house after him when the number of his months is cut off!”
@ -1813,7 +1812,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
23:17 qpa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וּ֝⁠מִ⁠פָּנַ֗⁠י כִּסָּה־אֹֽפֶל 1 In this instance, the phrase **from my face ** means “in front of.” It could refer either to place or to time. Alternate translation: “and gloom covers everything in front of me” or “and gloom covers everything that will happen to me in the future”
23:17 j748 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ֝⁠מִ⁠פָּנַ֗⁠י כִּסָּה־אֹֽפֶל 1 Job is speaking as if **gloom** were literally covering everything in front of him or everything that would happen to him in the future. He is using **gloom**, like **darkness** earlier in the verse, to represent troubles. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and there is trouble everywhere I look” or “and I can only anticipate further trouble happening to me”
24:intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz’s third and final speech. Job’s response began in the previous chapter.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### God’s judgment of wicked people\n\nIn verses 1–17, Job protests that God does not judge wicked people. He lists many oppressive things that wicked people do to vulnerable, innocent people, and he complains that God acts as if there were nothing wrong with those things. But in verses 18–24, Job then describes how God actually does judge wicked people. There is an explanation for this apparent contradiction. In the speech as a whole, Job is saying that he knows God will judge wicked people in the end, but it is very distressing to him that God does not judge and punish them now in order to keep them from continuing to oppress vulnerable people. In your translation, you can use language that shows that Job firmly believes what he says in both parts of the chapter, since it is actually consistent for him to say both that God seemingly does not judge wicked people now and that God ultimately will judge wicked people in the end. This is not a contradiction, it is a paradox, and the Bible speaks of it in other passages as well. For example, [Ecclesiastes 8:11](../08/11.md) says that because God does not immediately punish people who do wrong, people feel that they can get away with doing wrong. But Ecclesiastes goes on to say in the next verse that even if a sinner might do a hundred evil things and live a long time, it is still better to obey God.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Changing referents of “they”\n\nJob uses the word “they” throughout this chapter to mean both wicked people and the poor people whom they exploit. He does not often indicate when he changing the referent of the word. Notes indicate the referent in each verse. In your translation, to be helpful to your readers, you may wish to specify “wicked people” or “poor people” each time the referent changes.
24:1 thc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ מִ֭⁠שַּׁדַּי לֹא־נִצְפְּנ֣וּ עִתִּ֑ים וְ֝יֹדְעָ֗יו לֹא־חָ֥זוּ יָמָֽי⁠ו\n\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Times should be set by Shaddai! The ones knowing him ought to see his days!”
24:1 thc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מַדּ֗וּעַ מִ֭⁠שַּׁדַּי לֹא־נִצְפְּנ֣וּ עִתִּ֑ים וְ֝יֹדְעָ֗יו לֹא־חָ֥זוּ יָמָֽי⁠ו\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “Times should be set by Shaddai! The ones knowing him ought to see his days!”
24:1 ej3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive מַדּ֗וּעַ מִ֭⁠שַּׁדַּי לֹא־נִצְפְּנ֣וּ עִתִּ֑ים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Why does Shaddai not set times” or, as an exclamation, “Shaddai should set times!”
24:1 mg7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit עִתִּ֑ים 1 Job implicitly means **times** for judgment. (See the discussion in the General Notes to chapter 23 of how judges in Israel would come to specific places at appointed times.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “times for judgment”
24:1 j749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝יֹדְעָ֗יו לֹא־חָ֥זוּ יָמָֽי⁠ו 1 In this context, to **see** means to experience. See how you translated the similar expression in [7:7](../07/07.md). Alternate translation: “And why do the ones knowing him not experience his days?”
@ -1982,11 +1981,11 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
27:intro mkb5 0 # Job 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad and the other two friends.\n- Verses 1–10: Job insists that he is godly and will continue to live that way\n- Verses 11–23: Job describes how God punishes wicked people\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### Reference of “he,” “him,” and “his”\n\nFrom verse 14 through to the end of the chapter, the pronouns “he,” “him,” and “his” refer to the “wicked man” whom Job first mentions in verse 13. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could specify the referent and say “a wicked man” at regular intervals for clarity. Notes suggest how you might do this at various places.
27:1 j816 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וַ⁠יֹּ֣סֶף אִ֭יּוֹב שְׂאֵ֥ת מְשָׁל֗⁠וֹ וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 The narrator is speaking as if Job’s **discourse** or speech were an object that he could **take up** or pick up. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “As Job continued his speech, he said” or “Job continued speaking and he said”
27:2 tp23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis חַי־אֵ֭ל הֵסִ֣יר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠שַׁדַּ֗י הֵמַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁ⁠י 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “As God lives, who has taken away my justice; as Shaddai lives, who has made my life bitter”
27:2 vm9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas חַי־אֵ֭ל הֵסִ֣יר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠שַׁדַּ֗י הֵמַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁ⁠י 1 Job is swearing an oath in the way that was characteristic in his culture. In your translation, you can translate this in the way that would be characteristic in your culture. Alternate translation: “I swear by God, who has turned away my justice; I swear by Shaddai, who has made my life bitter”
27:2 vm9g rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula חַי־אֵ֭ל הֵסִ֣יר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠שַׁדַּ֗י הֵמַ֥ר נַפְשִֽׁ⁠י 1 Job is swearing an oath in the way that was characteristic in his culture. In your translation, you can translate this in the way that would be characteristic in your culture. Alternate translation: “I swear by God, who has turned away my justice; I swear by Shaddai, who has made my life bitter”
27:2 zm2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification הֵסִ֣יר מִשְׁפָּטִ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking of his **justice** as if it were an object that God had **taken away** from him. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who has denied justice to me”
27:3 j817 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas כִּֽי 1 Job is using the word **that** to introduce the content of the oath that he began to swear in the previous verse. In some cases, if you translated the previous verse to reflect the way people swear oaths in your culture, you may not need to include the word **that** here. If you chose to reflect the way Job swore this oath following the practices of his own culture, it may be helpful to show what he is using the word **that** to mean. Alternate translation: “I swear that”
27:3 j817 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula כִּֽי 1 Job is using the word **that** to introduce the content of the oath that he began to swear in the previous verse. In some cases, if you translated the previous verse to reflect the way people swear oaths in your culture, you may not need to include the word **that** here. If you chose to reflect the way Job swore this oath following the practices of his own culture, it may be helpful to show what he is using the word **that** to mean. Alternate translation: “I swear that”
27:3 xg5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ⁠ר֖וּחַ אֱל֣וֹהַּ בְּ⁠אַפִּֽ⁠י 1 Job is using the **breath** in his **nose** by association to mean breathing, and he is using breathing by association to mean being alive. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and for as long as I draw the breath of life” or “and for as long as I am alive”
27:4 xct5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas אִם־תְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣⁠י עַוְלָ֑ה וּ֝⁠לְשׁוֹנִ֗⁠י אִם־יֶהְגֶּ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה 1 This is the conclusion of the oath that Job is swearing. In this culture, people would swear an oath by stating the first part of a condition but not the second part. (But see the General Notes to chapter 31, which explain how Job does state the second part of many conditions in the oaths that he swears in that chapter.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of the condition. Alternate translation: “if my lips speak wickedness, or if my tongue utters deceit, may God punish me severely!”
27:4 xct5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula אִם־תְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣⁠י עַוְלָ֑ה וּ֝⁠לְשׁוֹנִ֗⁠י אִם־יֶהְגֶּ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה 1 This is the conclusion of the oath that Job is swearing. In this culture, people would swear an oath by stating the first part of a condition but not the second part. (But see the General Notes to chapter 31, which explain how Job does state the second part of many conditions in the oaths that he swears in that chapter.) If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of the condition. Alternate translation: “if my lips speak wickedness, or if my tongue utters deceit, may God punish me severely!”
27:4 j818 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche אִם־תְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣⁠י עַוְלָ֑ה וּ֝⁠לְשׁוֹנִ֗⁠י אִם־יֶהְגֶּ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה 1 Job is using parts of himself, his **lips** and his **tongue**, to mean all of him in the act of speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if I speak wickedness or utter deceit”
27:4 vg54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns אִם־תְּדַבֵּ֣רְנָה שְׂפָתַ֣⁠י עַוְלָ֑ה וּ֝⁠לְשׁוֹנִ֗⁠י אִם־יֶהְגֶּ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wickedness** and **deceit**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “if I say anything that is wicked or deceitful”
27:5 tp64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom חָלִ֣ילָ⁠ה לִּ⁠י֮ אִם־אַצְדִּ֪יק אֶ֫תְ⁠כֶ֥ם 1 Job is using this expression to mean that he would no more **justify** his friends (that is, agree that they are right) than he would commit a **Sacrilege**, that is, do something that he knew would be offensive to God in a religious sense. Your language may have an expression with a similar sense that you could use in your translation. Alternate translation: “God forbid that I justify you” or “Far be it from me to justify you”
@ -2192,7 +2191,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
29:19 j897 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠טַ֗ל יָלִ֥ין בִּ⁠קְצִירִֽ⁠י 1 Job was speaking as if the **dew** had been a traveler that had found lodging for the night on a **branch** of the tree that he was using to represent himself. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and dew forms at night on my branches”
29:20 j898 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes כְּ֭בוֹדִ⁠י חָדָ֣שׁ עִמָּדִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠קַשְׁתִּ֗⁠י בְּ⁠יָדִ֥⁠י תַחֲלִֽיף 1 If you have been translating this quotation in such a way that there is not a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “I said that my glory was fresh in me and that my bow sprouted in my hand”
29:20 j899 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּ֭בוֹדִ⁠י חָדָ֣שׁ עִמָּדִ֑⁠י 1 Job means implicitly that the **glory** or honor that he enjoys is always **fresh** because people keep honoring him in new ways. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “People keep honoring me in new ways”
29:20 bz9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠קַשְׁתִּ֗⁠י בְּ⁠יָדִ֥⁠י תַחֲלִֽיף׃\n\n 1 Job is speaking as if he had a **bow**, a weapon that he used with arrows, and that it grew freshly in his **hand** the way that a branch sprouts from a tree trunk. (Job uses the same verb for “sprout” in [14:7–9](../14/07.md) to describe a tree reviving and sending out shoots when moisture returns to the ground.) He means that the bow, which represents his strength, is lively and vigorous. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I stay vigorously strong”
29:20 bz9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וְ֝⁠קַשְׁתִּ֗⁠י בְּ⁠יָדִ֥⁠י תַחֲלִֽיף׃\n 1 Job is speaking as if he had a **bow**, a weapon that he used with arrows, and that it grew freshly in his **hand** the way that a branch sprouts from a tree trunk. (Job uses the same verb for “sprout” in [14:7–9](../14/07.md) to describe a tree reviving and sending out shoots when moisture returns to the ground.) He means that the bow, which represents his strength, is lively and vigorous. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I stay vigorously strong”
29:21 j901 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result לִֽ⁠י־שָׁמְע֥וּ וְ⁠יִחֵ֑לּוּ 1 If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these phrases, since the second phrase gives the reason for the result that the first phrase describes. Alternate translation: “Because people were waiting to hear what I would say, they listened to me”
29:21 j900 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns שָׁמְע֥וּ 1 **They** is an indefinite pronoun that does not have a specific referent in the immediate context. (As the General Notes to this chapter discuss, Job continues to use the pronoun “they” with this same indefinite sense through to the end of the chapter.) If it would be helpful in your language, here and in the following verses you could translate the term with an equivalent expression that does not use an indefinite pronoun. Alternate translation: “People listened”
29:22 j902 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy אַחֲרֵ֣י דְ֭בָרִ⁠י 1 Job is using the term **word** to mean what he said by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “After I had spoken”
@ -2285,7 +2284,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
30:23 a3ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor וּ⁠בֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְ⁠כָל־חָֽי 1 Job is speaking as if Sheol were a **house** in which dead people lived. He means that it is the place to which people go when they die. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and to the place of appointment to all the living”
30:23 j927 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠בֵ֖ית מוֹעֵ֣ד לְ⁠כָל־חָֽי 1 Job is using this possessive form to indicate that God has appointed Sheol as the place where living people are to go when they die. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “and to the place God has appointed for living people to go when they die”
30:23 nf6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj חָֽי 1 Job is using the adjective **living** as a noun to mean a certain kind of person. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “living people”
30:24 s7pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד אִם־בְּ֝⁠פִיד֗⁠וֹ לָהֶ֥ן שֽׁוּעַ\n\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “one in a heap certainly stretches out a hand! He certainly cries out because he is in trouble!”
30:24 s7pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד אִם־בְּ֝⁠פִיד֗⁠וֹ לָהֶ֥ן שֽׁוּעַ\n 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “one in a heap certainly stretches out a hand! He certainly cries out because he is in trouble!”
30:24 j928 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד 1 Job is using a hypothetical situation as an example and applying it by implication to his own situation. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if someone is in a heap of ruins, then he certainly stretches out a hand, and in the same way I am calling to you for help.”
30:24 giv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction לֹא־בְ֭⁠עִי יִשְׁלַח־יָ֑ד 1 Reaching out with one’s **hand** when in a desperate situation is a symbolic action that constitutes an appeal for help. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. Alternate translation: “does not one in a heap of ruins appeal for help”
30:24 ly2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־בְּ֝⁠פִיד֗⁠וֹ לָהֶ֥ן שֽׁוּעַ 1 Job is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a contrary answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “He cries out because he is in trouble, does he not”
@ -2308,7 +2307,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
30:30 j936 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis ע֭וֹרִ⁠י שָׁחַ֣ר מֵ⁠עָלָ֑⁠י 1 Job is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “My skin has turned black and it is falling off from upon me”
30:30 udu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche וְ⁠עַצְמִ⁠י־חָ֝֗רָה מִנִּי־חֹֽרֶב 1 Job is using one part of himself, a **bone**, to mean all of him in the act of feeling hot. He is likely referring to the **heat** of fever. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my body is hot with fever”
30:31 qj9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וַ⁠יְהִ֣י לְ֭⁠אֵבֶל כִּנֹּרִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠עֻגָבִ֗⁠י לְ⁠ק֣וֹל בֹּכִֽים 1 Job is using musical instruments, the **harp** and the **flute**, to represent happiness, by association with the way that people play music when they are happy. He is using **mourning** and **the sound of weeping** to represent sorrow, since people mourn and weep when they are sad. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “So while I used to be joyful, now I am very sorrowful”
31:intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the conclusion of Job’s final response to his three friends.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Litany\n\nIn verses 1–34 and 38–40, Job swears a series of oaths to insist on his innocence. Typically he uses a statement that begins with “if” to suggest something he might have done wrong, and he then uses a statement that uses verbal forms such as “may” or “let” to wish that he would receive an appropriate punishment if he has indeed committed such a sin. In some cases, rather than wish for punishment, Job gives a reason why he would not have committed the sin he has described. In some other cases, Job makes only the “if” statement, leaving the rest of the conditional statement to be inferred. Notes throughout the chapter indicate how Job responds to each of the “if” statements that he makes.\n\nA series of similar statements such as this is known as a litany. If your readers would recognize what Job is doing, you can translate and format this litany the way the ULT does. If the litany form would not be familiar to your readers, you could help them appreciate it by putting each sentence of the litany on a separate line. See what you did with the similar litanies in chapters 9, 12, 26, and 29. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany and rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Job’s understanding of appropriate punishment for sin\n\nIn this chapter, Job insists that he has been righteous by wishing aloud that he would receive the just punishment for any crimes that he may have committed. In most cases, Job himself would suffer the punishment that he describes. But in verses 9 and 10, Job says that if he has committed adultery with another man’s wife, then may other men have sexual relations with his wife. It seems that Job is wishing that God would punish his wife for something that he himself had done. Since the book describes Job as a wise and righteous, it appears that readers are supposed to consider that this would be a just punishment, but it does not seem to be just or fair. One way to understand this may be to consider that Job is saying that if he has been unfaithful to his wife, then may his wife be unfaithful to him in return. This is not the ideal that the Bible as a whole teaches. As Christians, we are not supposed to take revenge on others by doing to them what they have done to us. But in this specific context, in which Job is swearing oaths to guarantee his innocence, having his wife be unfaithful to him if he had been unfaithful to her would be a punishment that fit the crime, and Job is insisting on his innocence by saying that he is prepared to receive the punishments that fit any crimes he has committed.
31:intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is the conclusion of Job’s final response to his three friends.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\n## Important Figures of Speech in This Chapter\n\n### Litany\n\nIn verses 1–34 and 38–40, Job swears a series of oaths to insist on his innocence. Typically he uses a statement that begins with “if” to suggest something he might have done wrong, and he then uses a statement that uses verbal forms such as “may” or “let” to wish that he would receive an appropriate punishment if he has indeed committed such a sin. In some cases, rather than wish for punishment, Job gives a reason why he would not have committed the sin he has described. In some other cases, Job makes only the “if” statement, leaving the rest of the conditional statement to be inferred. Notes throughout the chapter indicate how Job responds to each of the “if” statements that he makes.\n\nA series of similar statements such as this is known as a litany. If your readers would recognize what Job is doing, you can translate and format this litany the way the ULT does. If the litany form would not be familiar to your readers, you could help them appreciate it by putting each sentence of the litany on a separate line. See what you did with the similar litanies in chapters 9, 12, 26, and 29. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litany and rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula)\n\n## Special Concepts in This Chapter\n\n### Job’s understanding of appropriate punishment for sin\n\nIn this chapter, Job insists that he has been righteous by wishing aloud that he would receive the just punishment for any crimes that he may have committed. In most cases, Job himself would suffer the punishment that he describes. But in verses 9 and 10, Job says that if he has committed adultery with another man’s wife, then may other men have sexual relations with his wife. It seems that Job is wishing that God would punish his wife for something that he himself had done. Since the book describes Job as a wise and righteous, it appears that readers are supposed to consider that this would be a just punishment, but it does not seem to be just or fair. One way to understand this may be to consider that Job is saying that if he has been unfaithful to his wife, then may his wife be unfaithful to him in return. This is not the ideal that the Bible as a whole teaches. As Christians, we are not supposed to take revenge on others by doing to them what they have done to us. But in this specific context, in which Job is swearing oaths to guarantee his innocence, having his wife be unfaithful to him if he had been unfaithful to her would be a punishment that fit the crime, and Job is insisting on his innocence by saying that he is prepared to receive the punishments that fit any crimes he has committed.
31:1 af9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְ⁠עֵינָ֑⁠י 1 In this culture, people would say that they had **cut** a **covenant** because making a covenant often involved a ceremony in which the two parties would cut up an animal and walk between the cut-up pieces. [Jeremiah 34:18](../34/18.md) refers to such a ceremony, and [Genesis 15:8–19](../01/01.md) describes God making a covenant with Abraham in this way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have made a covenant with my eyes”
31:1 ka6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְ⁠עֵינָ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking of his **eyes** as if they were living things with which he could make a **covenant**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I have resolved to exercise self-control regarding what I look at”
31:1 sxi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion וּ⁠מָ֥ה אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן עַל־בְּתוּלָֽה 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for that purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I would not gaze upon a virgin!”
@ -2381,7 +2380,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
31:24 j970 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and I have told fine gold that it was my confidence”
31:24 s4sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If Job had spoken to **fine gold** in this way, he would have been speaking to something that he knew could not hear him in order to show in a strong way how he felt about it. If a speaker in your language would not do that, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I have said that fine gold was my confidence”
31:24 r6lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ֝⁠לַ⁠כֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽ⁠י 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **confidence**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I have said that I was confiding in fine gold”
31:25 sk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas וְ⁠כִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 In this instance, Job is swearing an oath by stating the first part of a condition (“if”) but not the second part (“then”). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of this condition. You could use the same language that Job uses in verses 11 and 28, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “and because my hand had acquired much, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and because my hand had acquired much, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:25 sk1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula וְ⁠כִֽי־כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 In this instance, Job is swearing an oath by stating the first part of a condition (“if”) but not the second part (“then”). If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explicitly state the implied second part of this condition. You could use the same language that Job uses in verses 11 and 28, or you could use plain language. Alternate translation: “and because my hand had acquired much, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “and because my hand had acquired much, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:25 bt3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche כַ֝בִּ֗יר מָצְאָ֥ה יָדִֽ⁠י 1 Job is using one part of himself, his **hand**, to mean all of him in the act of acquiring wealth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I had acquired much”
31:25 j971 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj כַ֝בִּ֗יר 1 Job is using the adjective **much** as a noun to mean wealth in quantity. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “a fortune”
31:26 j972 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy א֖וֹר 1 Job is using the term **light** by association to mean the sun. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the sun”
@ -2391,9 +2390,9 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
31:28 pwl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession גַּם־ה֭וּא עָוֺ֣ן פְּלִילִ֑י 1 See how you translated the expression **iniquity of judges** in [31:11](../31/11.md). Alternate translation: “judges would certainly also punish such iniquity”
31:29 b1im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom וְ֝⁠הִתְעֹרַ֗רְתִּי 1 This expression means to consider oneself in a better position than another who has suffered a misfortune. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or gloated”
31:29 p1nt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification כִּֽי־מְצָ֥א⁠וֹ רָֽע 1 Job is speaking of **evil** as if it were a living thing that could have **found** someone who hated him. Here the word **evil** has the sense of “misfortune” rather than of moral wrong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “because he suffered misfortune”
31:29 hvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas כִּֽי־מְצָ֥א⁠וֹ רָֽע 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “because evil found him, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “because evil found him, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:29 hvt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula כִּֽי־מְצָ֥א⁠וֹ רָֽע 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “because evil found him, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “because evil found him, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:30 w93c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠לֹא־נָתַ֣תִּי לַ⁠חֲטֹ֣א חִכִּ֑⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if his **palate** or mouth were a living thing that he could have caused to **sin**. He means that he himself could have sinned in something that he said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “For I have not said something sinful”
31:31 j973 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 As in [31:25](../31/25.md) and [31:29](../31/29.md), here Job does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. See what you did in those verses. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will give one who has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will give one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:31 j973 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 As in [31:25](../31/25.md) and [31:29](../31/29.md), here Job does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. See what you did in those verses. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will give one who has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “If the men of my tent have not said, ‘Who will give one {who} has not been satisfied from his flesh?’ then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:31 j974 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes אִם־לֹ֣א אָ֭מְרוּ מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י מִֽי־יִתֵּ֥ן מִ֝⁠בְּשָׂר֗⁠וֹ לֹ֣א נִשְׂבָּֽע 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “If the men of my tent have not asked who could show one who has not been satisfied from my flesh!”
31:31 ng3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י 1 Job is using the term **tent** by association to mean his household. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the men of my household”
31:31 j975 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations מְתֵ֣י אָהֳלִ֑⁠י 1 Although Job refers to his male and female servants separately in [31:13](../31/13.md), Job is likely using the masculine term **men** here in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use language in your translation that is clearly inclusive of both men and women. Alternate translation: “the men and women of my household” or “my servants”
@ -2406,7 +2405,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
31:33 jav4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations כְ⁠אָדָ֣ם 1 The word translated **man** could mean: (1) even though it is masculine, humanity in general, including both men and women. Alternate translation: “as people do” (2) Adam, the first man whom God created and who tried to hide from God when he realized that he had sinned. (However, many interpreters question whether Job would have been familiar with the book of Genesis.) Alternate translation: “like Adam”
31:33 sb1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor כִּסִּ֣יתִי & פְּשָׁעָ֑⁠י לִ⁠טְמ֖וֹן בְּ⁠חֻבִּ֣⁠י עֲוֺֽנִ⁠י 1 Job is speaking as if **guilt** were an object that he could **hide** in his chest. Your language may have a similar expression that you could use in your translation. You could also use plain language. Alternate translation: “I have concealed the guilt of my sins by keeping it inside” or “I have concealed my sins by not telling anyone about what I was guilty of doing”
31:34 b8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח 1 Job is using a thing he would do to confess his sins publicly, **go out the door**, to mean the entire act of making a public confession. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did not confess my sin publicly”
31:34 ia4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformulas לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “I did not go out the door, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “I did not go out the door, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:34 ia4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-oathformula לֹא־אֵ֥צֵא פָֽתַח 1 This is the conclusion of an oath that Job is swearing in this verse. See what you did in [31:25](../31/25.md), where Job similarly does not state the second part of the condition in an oath that he is swearing. Alternate translation: “I did not go out the door, then judges would certainly punish such iniquity” or “I did not go out the door, then I would certainly deserve punishment”
31:35 i9lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom מִ֤י יִתֶּן־לִ֨⁠י ׀ שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗⁠י 1 See how you translated the expression **Who will give** in [11:5–6](../11/05.md). Alternate translation: “I wish that I had someone who was hearing me!”
31:35 v1vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit שֹׁ֘מֵ֤עַֽ לִ֗⁠י 1 By **one hearing me**, Job implicitly means someone impartial “hearing” his case in the judicial sense and judging it. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “someone impartial who will judge between me and God”
31:35 vmt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor הֶן־תָּ֭וִ⁠י 1 It appears that in this culture, both parties in a legal proceeding would submit their arguments to the court in writing and that they would sign them with their names or with a **mark** to authenticate them. Job is speaking as if he is putting his mark on a written record of his testimony in order to declare that everything he has just said is true. (It seems unlikely that he has actually put all of his testimony in writing, since this is not an actual court proceeding and God would not be submitting a corresponding written document.) You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I certify that I have been telling the truth”
@ -2550,9 +2549,9 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
33:27 t53p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר חָ֭טָאתִי וְ⁠יָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי וְ⁠לֹא־שָׁ֥וָה לִֽ⁠י 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this so that there is not a quotation within a quotation. Alternate translation: “and say that he sinned and turned aside uprightness but that God did not requite to him”
33:27 k030 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns וְ⁠יָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **uprightness**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and I turned aside what was right”
33:27 k031 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification וְ⁠יָשָׁ֥ר הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי 1 Elihu is speaking of **uprightness** as if it were a living thing that had been walking down the right path and he **turned** it **aside** so that it began going down the wrong path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I did what was not right”
33:28 u2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes פָּדָ֣ה נַ֭פְשׁוֹ מֵ⁠עֲבֹ֣ר בַּ⁠שָּׁ֑חַת וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּ⁠א֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה\n\n 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “He will say that God has redeemed his soul from going over into the pit and that his life life will see light”
33:28 u2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes פָּדָ֣ה נַ֭פְשׁוֹ מֵ⁠עֲבֹ֣ר בַּ⁠שָּׁ֑חַת וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּ⁠א֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה\n 1 If you decided in the previous verse to translate this quotation in such a way that there would not be a quotation within a quotation, you can continue doing that here. Alternate translation: “He will say that God has redeemed his soul from going over into the pit and that his life life will see light”
33:28 wt12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁוֹ & וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ 1 Elihu is using parts of this person, his **soul** and his **life**, to mean all of him in the act of being redeemed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “me … and I”
33:28 f6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּ⁠א֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה\n\n 1 This person is using the term **light** by association to mean life on earth. As in many other places in the book, here the realm of the living is described as a place of light, by contrast with the realm of the dead, which is a place of darkness. (For example, in [18:18](../18/18.md), “They will drive him from light into darkness, and they will chase him from the world.”) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will continue to live on earth”
33:28 f6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy וְ֝חַיָּתוֹ בָּ⁠א֥וֹר תִּרְאֶֽה\n 1 This person is using the term **light** by association to mean life on earth. As in many other places in the book, here the realm of the living is described as a place of light, by contrast with the realm of the dead, which is a place of darkness. (For example, in [18:18](../18/18.md), “They will drive him from light into darkness, and they will chase him from the world.”) If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and I will continue to live on earth”
33:29 w47t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism פַּעֲמַ֖יִם שָׁל֣וֹשׁ 1 As he did in verse 14, here Elihu is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry. If a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “again and again”
33:30 m27i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche נַ֭פְשׁ⁠וֹ 1 Elihu is using one part of this person, his **soul**, to mean all of him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “him”
33:30 myd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light of the living”
@ -2560,7 +2559,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
33:30 k033 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 Elihu is using the possessive form, **the light of the living**, to describe the light that living people have and by which they see, not light that living people give off. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “so that he can enlighten him with the light that living people have”
33:30 k034 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy לֵ֝⁠א֗וֹר בְּ⁠א֣וֹר הַֽ⁠חַיִּים 1 As in verse 38, the term **light** refers by association to life on earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “so that he can restore him to life among the other people who live on earth”
33:31 z1l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns וְ⁠אָנֹכִ֥י אֲדַבֵּֽר 1 For emphasis, Elihu is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **speak**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “and let me be the one who speaks”
33:32 k035 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-time-sequential אִם 1 Since Elihu told Job in the previous verse to **listen** and be **silent**, when he tells him in this verse to **speak** and **answer**, he implicitly means that Job should do this only after listening to him. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Then if”
33:32 k035 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential אִם 1 Since Elihu told Job in the previous verse to **listen** and be **silent**, when he tells him in this verse to **speak** and **answer**, he implicitly means that Job should do this only after listening to him. You could indicate this in your translation if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Then if”
33:32 k036 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יֵשׁ־מִלִּ֥ין 1 Elihu is using the term **words** to mean what Job would say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you have something to say”
33:32 g3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit חָפַ֥צְתִּי צַדְּקֶֽ⁠ךָּ 1 Elihu seems to mean that he desires to show that Job has been right in saying that God is not punishing him for committing sin. Elihu has been suggesting that Job’s sufferings are instead a warning from God not to take a sinful course of action. You could indicate that explicitly in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “I am trying to show that you have been right in saying that God is not punishing you for committing sin”
33:33 k037 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast אִם 1 Elihu is implicitly drawing a contrast, suggesting that, on the other hand, Job may not have anything to say once he has listened to him further. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate the contrast explicitly in your translation. Alternate translation: “But if”
@ -3042,7 +3041,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
38:40 g23n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit בַ⁠סֻּכָּ֣ה 1 The general term **shelter** refers implicitly to a thicket or some other place where a lioness could conceal herself. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “in a thicket”
38:41 k262 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun לָ⁠עֹרֵ֗ב צֵ֫יד֥⁠וֹ כִּֽי־יְ֭לָדָיו 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **raven**. He means ravens in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using plural forms. Alternate translation: “food for the ravens when their children”
38:41 hc2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown לָ⁠עֹרֵ֗ב צֵ֫יד֥⁠וֹ 1 A **raven** is a large bird with shiny black feathers that feeds on dead animals. If your readers would not be familiar with what a raven is, in your translation you could use the name of a comparable bird in your culture, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “food for the birds”
38:41 y9ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־יְ֭לָדָיו אֶל־אֵ֣ל יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ\n \n 1 Yahweh is referring to how baby birds chirp loudly and continually when they need food. He is saying that he hears this as a prayer, as if the baby birds were crying out to him for what they needed. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when its offspring chirp loudly for food as if they were crying out to God for it”
38:41 y9ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כִּֽי־יְ֭לָדָיו אֶל־אֵ֣ל יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ\n 1 Yahweh is referring to how baby birds chirp loudly and continually when they need food. He is saying that he hears this as a prayer, as if the baby birds were crying out to him for what they needed. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “when its offspring chirp loudly for food as if they were crying out to God for it”
38:41 k263 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person אֶל־אֵ֣ל 1 Yahweh is speaking about himself in the third person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate this in the first person. Alternate translation: “to me”
38:41 nde9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor יִ֝תְע֗וּ לִ⁠בְלִי־אֹֽכֶל 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the baby ravens would literally **stagger**, that is, walk as if they could barely stand up. He means that they would act in a way that showed they were weak with hunger. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when they are weak with hunger”
39:intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes\n\n## Structure and Formatting\n\nThis chapter is a continuation of Yahweh’s response to Job.\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is poetry.\n\nIn this chapter, Yahweh continues to ask Job questions that show that Job does not understand the workings of the created world. Yahweh began to ask Job questions about animals and birds in [38:39](../38/39.md); he continues to do that in this chapter.\n\nThe implication continues to be that if Job does not understand and cannot explain how God makes things work in the visible creation, he certainly does not understand and cannot explain what God is doing as he works in unseen, mysterious ways to accomplish his purposes in the lives of people and over the course of human history.\n\n## Translation Issues in This Chapter\n\n### The nature of Yahweh’s questions to Job\n\nAs in the previous chapter, Yahweh may want Job to try to answer the questions he is asking so that Job will have to admit that he does not know the answers. Alternatively, Yahweh may be using the question form for emphasis. Consider the most appropriate way to translate each of the questions in this chapter.
@ -3071,7 +3070,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
39:10 gny8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אִם־יְשַׂדֵּ֖ד עֲמָקִ֣ים אַחֲרֶֽי⁠ךָ 1 In this culture, farmers would lead a draft animal from the front as it pulled a harrow behind it. That is why Yahweh says **after you**. If farmers in your culture who harrow with draft animals instead walk behind the harrow, you could translate this in a way that expressed the general meaning without specifying a particular method of harrowing. Alternate translation: “Could you use it to harrow your fields in the valleys”
39:10 uq7t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יְשַׂדֵּ֖ד עֲמָקִ֣ים 1 To **harrow** means to smooth and break up soil once it has been plowed. If your readers would not be familiar with what it means to harrow a field, in your translation you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “it will pull a light implement to smooth and break up the soil in your fields in the valleys”
39:11 au79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲֽ⁠תִבְטַח־בּ֭⁠וֹ כִּי־רַ֣ב כֹּח֑⁠וֹ וְ⁠תַעֲזֹ֖ב אֵלָ֣י⁠ו יְגִיעֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh means implicitly that Job or any other human being would not be able to trust a wild ox as a farm animal, because it could not be trained to do field work. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Would you really be able to trust a wild ox, because it was so strong, to do the hard part of your farm work”
39:12 ht1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲ⁠תַאֲמִ֣ין בּ֭⁠וֹ כִּי־יָשִׁ֣יב זַרְעֶ֑⁠ךָ וְֽ⁠גָרְנְ⁠ךָ֥ יֶאֱסֹֽף\n \n 1 As in the previous verse, Yahweh means implicitly that Job or any other human being would not be able to depend on a wild ox to do the work of a farm animal. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Would you really be able to depend on it to bring in your grain from your fields to your threshing floor”
39:12 ht1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit הֲ⁠תַאֲמִ֣ין בּ֭⁠וֹ כִּי־יָשִׁ֣יב זַרְעֶ֑⁠ךָ וְֽ⁠גָרְנְ⁠ךָ֥ יֶאֱסֹֽף\n 1 As in the previous verse, Yahweh means implicitly that Job or any other human being would not be able to depend on a wild ox to do the work of a farm animal. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Would you really be able to depend on it to bring in your grain from your fields to your threshing floor”
39:13 k270 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun כְּנַף־רְנָנִ֥ים נֶעֱלָ֑סָה 1 Since the word **wing** applies to many **ostriches**, it may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “The wings of ostriches flap vigorously”
39:13 k698 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit כְּנַף־רְנָנִ֥ים נֶעֱלָ֑סָה 1 Ostriches cannot fly; this is a reference to the way they flap their wings vigorously when they run. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “The wings of ostriches flap vigorously when they run”
39:13 c9hc rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown רְנָנִ֥ים 1 See how you translated the expression “daughters of clamor” in [30:29](../30/29.md). Here Yahweh uses a different term for the same kind of bird.
@ -3114,8 +3113,8 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
39:25 nry6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor רַ֥עַם שָׂ֝רִים 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the loud orders that the **princes** or commanders were shouting to their troops were literally **thunder**. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the loud shouts of the princes” or “the loudly shouted orders of the princes”
39:26 k278 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun יַֽאֲבֶר־נֵ֑ץ יִפְרֹ֖שׂ כְּנָפָ֣יו 1 Yahweh is not referring to a specific **hawk**. He means hawks in general. It may be more natural in your language to express this meaning by using a plural form. Alternate translation: “do hawks soar, do they stretch their wings”
39:26 k279 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown נֵ֑ץ 1 A **hawk** is a bird of prey, typically with rounded wings and a long tail. If your readers would not be familiar with what a hawk is, in your translation you could use the name of a similar bird that your readers would recognize, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a bird of prey”
39:26 k280 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִפְרֹ֖שׂ כְּנָפָ֣יו לְ⁠תֵימָֽן\n 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “by your wisdom does it stretch its wings toward the south”
39:26 rx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִפְרֹ֖שׂ כְּנָפָ֣יו לְ⁠תֵימָֽן\n 1 Yahweh is using the phrase **stretch its wings** by association to mean flying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does it fly toward the south”
39:26 k280 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis יִפְרֹ֖שׂ כְּנָפָ֣יו & לְ⁠תֵימָֽן\n 1 Yahweh is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You can supply these words from the context if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “by your wisdom does it stretch its wings toward the south”
39:26 rx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יִפְרֹ֖שׂ כְּנָפָ֣יו & לְ⁠תֵימָֽן\n 1 Yahweh is using the phrase **stretch its wings** by association to mean flying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “does it fly toward the south”
39:26 ckg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִפְרֹ֖שׂ כְּנָפָ֣יו לְ⁠תֵימָֽן 1 Yahweh is referring implicitly to the way that hawks and other birds in the northern hemisphere migrate south to warmer weather when winter is approaching. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “does it migrate to a warmer climate for the winter”
39:27 cz3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom אִם־עַל־פִּ֭י⁠ךָ יַגְבִּ֣יהַּ נָ֑שֶׁר וְ֝⁠כִ֗י יָרִ֥ים קִנּֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the word **If** to introduce a question that anticipates a negative answer. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this in your translation. Alternate translation: “It is not at your mouth that the eagle mounts up and that its nest is high, is it”
39:27 cd7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy עַל־פִּ֭י⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh is using the term **mouth** to mean by association what Job may have said with his mouth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at your instruction”
@ -3132,7 +3131,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
40:3 k283 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּ֖עַן אִיּ֥וֹב אֶת־יְהוָ֗ה וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 Here the narrator expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. Specifically, the person said it in order to answer or respond to what someone else said. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “And Job responded to Yahweh”
40:4 q9w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion מָ֣ה אֲשִׁיבֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Job is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate this as a statement or as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “I am not able to answer you!”
40:4 k284 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction יָ֝דִ֗⁠י שַׂ֣מְתִּי לְמוֹ־פִֽ⁠י 1 Putting his **hand** over his **mouth** was a symbolic action by which Job showed that he had nothing to say in response to Yahweh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the significance of this action. You could also use an expression from your language and culture that has the same significance. Alternate translation: “I put my hand over my mouth so that I will not say anything” or “I bite my tongue”
40:5 k285 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַחַ֣ת דִּ֭בַּרְתִּי וְ⁠לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה וּ֝⁠שְׁתַּ֗יִם וְ⁠לֹ֣א אוֹסִֽיף 1 As Eliphaz did in [5:19](../05/19.md) and as Elihu did in [33:14](../33/14.md) and 33:29](../33/29.md), here Job is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry, but if a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “Though I was insisting that you were wrong, I will not say that any longer”
40:5 k285 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism אַחַ֣ת דִּ֭בַּרְתִּי וְ⁠לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה וּ֝⁠שְׁתַּ֗יִם וְ⁠לֹ֣א אוֹסִֽיף 1 As Eliphaz did in [5:19](../05/19.md) and as Elihu did in [33:14](../33/14.md) and [33:29](../33/29.md), here Job is naming a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increasing that number by one for emphasis. This was a common device in Hebrew poetry, but if a speaker of your language would not do this, in your translation you could express the emphasis another way. Alternate translation: “Though I was insisting that you were wrong, I will not say that any longer”
40:5 k286 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit וְ⁠לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה 1 Job is implicitly using the term **answer** in the same sense that the narrator used it in verse 1 and in [34:1](../34/01.md). That is, Job means that he will not say more things in light of what he has already said and thus, in a sense, in answer to them. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “but I will say nothing further”
40:6 k287 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys וַ⁠יַּֽעַן־יְהוָ֣ה אֶת־אִ֭יּוֹב מנ סערה וַ⁠יֹּאמַֽר 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **answered** tells for what purpose a person **said** something. Specifically, the person said it in order to answer or respond to what someone else said. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “And from the storm Yahweh responded to Job”
40:7 t5gf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor אֱזָר & חֲלָצֶ֑י⁠ךָ 1 See how you translated the same expression in [38:3](../38/03.md). Alternate translation: “you must continue to take part in a difficult contest”
@ -3159,7 +3158,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
40:13 k301 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit טָמְנֵ֣⁠ם בֶּ⁠עָפָ֣ר יָ֑חַד 1 The implication is that Job should first judge and punish proud and wicked people, executing them for their crimes, and then bury them, if he wishes to judge the world as Yahweh would do. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “Judge and execute all proud and wicked people for their crimes”
40:13 se3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction פְּ֝נֵי⁠הֶ֗ם חֲבֹ֣שׁ בַּ⁠טָּמֽוּן 1 Yahweh is referring to a cultural practice. This could mean: (1) the action of wrapping the head separately from the rest of the body when preparing a body for burial. Yahweh would be using this action to mean the entire act of burial, and this second part of the verse would mean the same thing as the first part of the verse. Alternate translation: “bury them in the hidden place” (2) the symbolic action of covering the face of a person who was about to be executed. (There is an example of this in the Bible in [Esther 7:8](../est/07/08.md).) The face represented the person, and the fact that it could no longer be seen indicated that soon the person would no longer be alive. Yahweh would be using the covering of the face to mean the entire act of executing such criminals. Alternate translation: “execute them and put them in the hidden place”
40:13 y16q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj בַּ⁠טָּמֽוּן 1 Yahweh is using the adjective **hidden** as a noun to mean a certain kind of place, the grave, into which people cannot see. The ULT adds the word **place** to show this. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you can translate this adjective with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “in the grave” or “in the abode of the dead”
40:14 k302 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠גַם־אֲנִ֥י אוֹדֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Yahweh is using the word **And** to introduce the second part of an implied conditional statement. He means that he will **praise** Job only if Job is able to do the things he has just described. Alternate translation: “Only then would I praise you” or “If you were able to do these things, then I would praise you”
40:14 k302 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical וְ⁠גַם־אֲנִ֥י אוֹדֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 Yahweh is using the word **And** to introduce the second part of an implied conditional statement. He means that he will **praise** Job only if Job is able to do the things he has just described. Alternate translation: “Only then would I praise you” or “If you were able to do these things, then I would praise you”
40:14 k303 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns אֲנִ֥י אוֹדֶ֑⁠ךָּ 1 For emphasis, Yahweh is stating the pronoun **I**, whose meaning is already present in the verb translated **praise**. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction here in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. Alternate translation: “I myself will praise you”
40:14 k304 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy יְמִינֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Here the **right hand** represents the power and control that people have over something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your power”
40:14 k305 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יְמִינֶֽ⁠ךָ 1 Yahweh is using the **right hand** as a symbol of strength because in this culture, a majority of the population more naturally used that hand. Yahweh is not saying that there is anything wrong with being left-handed. Particularly if many of the people in your culture naturally use their left hands, you may wish to use an equivalent expression here that does not name a particular hand. Alternate translation: “your own hand”
@ -3168,7 +3167,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
40:15 k307 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂ֣יתִי עִמָּ֑⁠ךְ 1 Yahweh means that he made Behemoth just as he made Job, not that he made Behemoth at the same time when he made Job. Alternate translation: “which I myself created, just as I created you”
40:15 h3k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast חָ֝צִ֗יר כַּ⁠בָּקָ֥ר יֹאכֵֽל 1 There is an implied contrast here. This great beast has the size and strength to hunt and kill other animals; nevertheless, it lives on plants. (This may be an implicit indication that such great wild beasts remain under the restraint of Yahweh.) You may wish to indicate this contrast in your translation, in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “despite its great size and strength, it eats grass like an ox”
40:15 k308 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche חָ֝צִ֗יר 1 Yahweh is probably using one kind of plant, **grass**, to mean all kinds of green plants that animals eat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “green plants”
40:16 utj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs- exclamations הִנֵּה־נָ֣א כֹח֣⁠וֹ בְ⁠מָתְנָ֑י⁠ו וְ֝⁠אֹנ֗⁠וֹ בִּ⁠שְׁרִירֵ֥י בִטְנֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is once again using the term **behold** to mean “consider.” In this instance, it may be natural in your language to translate these statements as exclamations that are calling for Job’s attention. Alternate translation: “What strength it has in its loins! What power it has in the muscles of its belly!”
40:16 utj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations הִנֵּה־נָ֣א כֹח֣⁠וֹ בְ⁠מָתְנָ֑י⁠ו וְ֝⁠אֹנ֗⁠וֹ בִּ⁠שְׁרִירֵ֥י בִטְנֽ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is once again using the term **behold** to mean “consider.” In this instance, it may be natural in your language to translate these statements as exclamations that are calling for Job’s attention. Alternate translation: “What strength it has in its loins! What power it has in the muscles of its belly!”
40:17 t5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile יַחְפֹּ֣ץ זְנָב֣⁠וֹ כְמוֹ־אָ֑רֶז 1 The point of this comparison is that just as the branch of a **cedar** tree is flexible but strong, so this beast can raise its tail and hold it flexibly in the air. The ability to hold a tail upright, which older animals can no longer do, is a sign of youthful strength. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make this point explicitly. Alternate translation: “It shows its vigor by holding up its tail as if that were a cedar branch”
40:17 k309 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive גִּידֵ֖י פַחֲדָ֣יו יְשֹׂרָֽגוּ 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sinews of its thighs hold tightly to one another”
40:18 g8sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor עֲ֭צָמָי⁠ו אֲפִיקֵ֣י נְחוּשָׁ֑ה 1 Yahweh is speaking as if the **bones** of this beast were literally **tubes of bronze**. He is using the metal bronze to represent great strength, and he likely speaks of tubes because bones are hollow. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Its bones are very strong, as if they were made of bronze”
@ -3187,7 +3186,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
40:21 uth5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys קָנֶ֣ה וּ⁠בִצָּֽה 1 This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with **and**. The word **marsh** tells what kind of **reed** is in view. If it would be more natural in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use “and.” Alternate translation: “marsh reeds” or “the reeds of the marsh”
40:22 k317 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown יְסֻכֻּ֣⁠הוּ צֶאֱלִ֣ים צִֽלֲל֑⁠וֹ 1 If you translated the term **lotus trees** as “shade trees” in the previous verse, you could translate this verse in such a way as to avoid using the term **shade** twice. Alternate translation: “Those trees cover it with their shade”
40:22 k86u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown עַרְבֵי־נָֽחַל 1 The term **willows** describes large trees that grow in damp ground. If your readers would not be familiar with what willow trees are, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “the trees that grow near the river”
40:23 vbe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical הֵ֤ן יַעֲשֹׁ֣ק נָ֭הָר 1 Yahweh is using the word **Behold** to introduce a conditional statement, that is, to say how Behemoth would respond if a certain thing happened. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Even if a river overflows”
40:23 vbe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical הֵ֤ן יַעֲשֹׁ֣ק נָ֭הָר 1 Yahweh is using the word **Behold** to introduce a conditional statement, that is, to say how Behemoth would respond if a certain thing happened. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “Even if a river overflows”
40:23 k318 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit לֹ֣א יַחְפּ֑וֹז 1 Yahweh means implicitly that Behemoth does not **tremble** with fear when rivers flood. You could indicate that in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “it does not tremble with fear”
40:23 x8nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche יַרְדֵּ֣ן 1 Yahweh is using one specific river, the **Jordan**, to mean any river in which Behemoth might be living. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the river in which it is living”
40:24 uyb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion בְּ⁠עֵינָ֥י⁠ו יִקָּחֶ֑⁠נּוּ בְּ֝⁠מֽוֹקְשִׁ֗ים יִנְקָב־אָֽף 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “No one can capture it with its eyes! No one can pierce its nose with a cord!”
@ -3217,7 +3216,7 @@ front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n
41:6 s28m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit יִכְר֣וּ עָ֭לָי⁠ו חַבָּרִ֑ים יֶ֝חֱצ֗וּ⁠הוּ בֵּ֣ין כְּֽנַעֲנִֽים 1 The word **partners** refers to fishermen working together. If they made a large catch, they would **bargain** over how much of it belonged to each of them. The word **merchants** refers to people who would buy the catch in order to resell it to their customers. The fishermen would be able to **divide** Leviathan among several merchants because it would be such a large catch. You could indicate these things in your translation if it would be helpful to your readers. The UST models one way to do that.
41:7 j5dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion הַֽ⁠תְמַלֵּ֣א בְ⁠שֻׂכּ֣וֹת עוֹר֑⁠וֹ וּ⁠בְ⁠צִלְצַ֖ל דָּגִ֣ים רֹאשֽׁ⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using the question form for emphasis. If a speaker of your language would not use the question form for that purpose, you could translate these questions as statements or as exclamations. Alternate translation: “You cannot fill its hide with harpoons or its head with spears of fish!”
41:7 g9bk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession וּ⁠בְ⁠צִלְצַ֖ל דָּגִ֣ים 1 Yahweh is using this possessive form to describe **spears** that are used to **catch** fish, not spears that are made of fish. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “or … with fishing spears”
41:8 k330 rc://*/ta/man/translate/ grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical שִׂים־עָלָ֥י⁠ו כַּפֶּ֑⁠ךָ זְכֹ֥ר מִ֝לְחָמָ֗ה אַל־תּוֹסַֽף 1 Yahweh is actually making a conditional statement here. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “If you ever put your hand on it, you will always remember the battle you fought with it, and you will never do that again!”
41:8 k330 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical שִׂים־עָלָ֥י⁠ו כַּפֶּ֑⁠ךָ זְכֹ֥ר מִ֝לְחָמָ֗ה אַל־תּוֹסַֽף 1 Yahweh is actually making a conditional statement here. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “If you ever put your hand on it, you will always remember the battle you fought with it, and you will never do that again!”
41:8 k331 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy שִׂים־עָלָ֥י⁠ו כַּפֶּ֑⁠ךָ 1 Here, **hand** represents power. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Use force against it” or “Try to fight with it”
41:9 k332 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession תֹּחַלְתּ֥⁠וֹ 1 Yahweh is using this possessive form to describe the **hope** of anyone who wants to capture Leviathan. It may be helpful to clarify this for your readers. Alternate translation: “the hope of anyone who wants to capture Leviathan”
41:9 s2he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive נִכְזָ֑בָה 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is deceptive” or “is false”

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